Journal of Aerosol Science最新文献

{"title":"An optimized current-controlled electrostatic charging water system for enhanced aerosol removal in Fukushima decommissioning","authors":"Antoine Guette ,&nbsp;Zeeshan Ahmed ,&nbsp;Ruicong Xu ,&nbsp;Avadhesh Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Ravinder Kumar ,&nbsp;Ryo Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Shuichiro Miwa ,&nbsp;Shunichi Suzuki ,&nbsp;Koji Okamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors generates submicron radioactive aerosol particles (0.1–1 μm) during fuel debris cutting, necessitating efficient removal to ensure safety. Previous studies show that conventional aerosol removal systems relying on short-range van der Waals forces are less efficient than charged sprays. In these systems, droplets carry net charges (typically 0.1–1 mC/kg) whose polarity can attract neutral or oppositely charged particles via long-range Coulombic forces. Removal efficiency depends on droplet charge magnitude and polarity, as well as particle properties such as size, conductivity, and pre-existing charge. Submicron particles (&lt;1 μm) are influenced by induced-dipole interactions, while larger particles (&gt;1 μm) undergo Coulombic acceleration toward highly charged droplets. Building on these advancements, this study introduces a novel constant current charging system, integrated with the Jacob's Ladder concept, to improve aerosol scavenging performance. Experiments conducted in the UTARTS (University of Tokyo Aerosol Removal Test with Sprays) facility systematically evaluate the efficacy of the constant current setup compared to previous constant voltage systems, alongside the effects of water properties, such as conductivity, pH, and salinity, on removal efficiency. Additionally, the impact of optimized electrode placement within the spray system on enhancing the electric field and particle capture was investigated. Results demonstrate that the constant current system provides superior aerosol removal efficiency, attributed to stable particle charging and intensified electrostatic interactions. Notably, the placement of two copper wires within the water spray direction further enhanced removal efficiency by intensifying the electric field around the aerosol particles. Furthermore, increasing salinity while maintaining constant pH decreases removal efficiency by lowering system resistance, resulting in faster electron movement and inadequate droplet charging. The novel constant current charging spray system demonstrates improved aerosol removal efficiency, offering a significant advancement in aerosol removal strategies for nuclear decommissioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of soot formation and evolution in turbulent swirling flames","authors":"Jinbo Cheng ,&nbsp;Yihao Tang ,&nbsp;Wang Han ,&nbsp;Lijun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many practical combustion systems, such as aviation engines, stationary gas turbines, diesel engines, etc., rely on turbulent swirl flames to operate efficiently and reliably. One of the primary concerns in developing these combustion systems is the reduction of particulate matter (i.e., soot) emissions. This is due to the fact that soot emissions have adverse effects on human health and the environment. In this context, mitigating soot emissions from these combustion systems requires a comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical pathways from fuel to soot particles in turbulent, swirling flames. Moreover, fundamental studies of soot emissions in turbulent swirling flames can help elucidate the processes of soot formation and evolution in complex reacting flows. In this work, we intend to provide a comprehensive review of soot formation and evolution in turbulent swirling flames. First, the physicochemical processes involved in soot formation and evolution are introduced, including the formation of gas-phase soot precursors, soot nucleation, coagulation and condensation, surface growth, and oxidation and fragmentation. These processes are discussed in the context of the features of soot formation and evolution in turbulent swirling flames. A detailed review is then made of the experimental measurements and diagnostic methods related to soot. Through the classification of the burner configurations, a comprehensive review of the experimental progress of sooting swirl flames is given. The parameter studies, including pressure, equivalence ratio, and thermal power, among others, are summarized, resulting in a detailed overview. Subsequently, numerical simulation methodologies of sooting swirl flames are introduced, including the numerical construction of chemical kinetics, turbulent combustion, and soot models. A comprehensive review of numerical studies is made in terms of burner configurations, modeling methods, and mechanism analysis. This review concludes by summarizing the challenges faced in turbulent swirl flames and anticipating future research on soot.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric current based automatic classification and operation of EHDA modes","authors":"K.S. Moreira ,&nbsp;L.P. Di Bonito ,&nbsp;K. Glanzer ,&nbsp;A. Carrasco-Munoz ,&nbsp;F. Di Natale ,&nbsp;J.P.M. Marques ,&nbsp;P.A. Gabriel ,&nbsp;M.E. Oliveira ,&nbsp;L.L.F. Agostinho","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrohydrodynamic Atomization (EHDA), often called electrospray, is a way to disintegrate a liquid into droplets by exposing it to a strong electric field. In this technique, it is possible to set different spraying modes by changing the physicochemical properties of the atomized liquids and the configuration of the experimental setup. There are four known modes in EHDA: dripping, intermittent, cone-jet, and multi-jet mode. Controlling the electrospray mode is crucial, as each mode has distinct operating flow rates, potential characteristics, and droplet properties. Current classifications rely on optical verification, which is often impractical in explosive or confined environments. In this work, a real-time EHDA mode classification system based on Verdoold et al. (2014) approach was developed. The system uses the spray electric current as the main classification parameter and uses several threads working in parallel to optimize its computational performance. The first results have shown a good performance of the system in classifying EHDA modes for various liquids. This work presents the first EHDA mode classification algorithm capable of automatically classifying three EHDA modes and detecting corona discharge. This new system has significant potential for implementation in various industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical note: Prediction of bacterial aerosol concentration via absorbance measurement of bacterial suspension in atomizer: Staphylococcus aureus as an example","authors":"Dongmin Shin,&nbsp;Jungho Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Airborne bacteria affect indoor air quality and pose health risks. To develop airborne bacterial samplers and detection devices, aerosol experiments should first be conducted using an atomizer in the laboratory to determine the bacterial concentration in an actual indoor air environment. For example, the concentration of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> in indoor air has been reported to be 10¹–10³ colony-forming units (CFUs) per 1 m³ of air. The bacterial aerosol concentration generated using an atomizer depends on the concentration of the liquid suspension containing bacterial particles inside the atomizer. Moreover, such low concentrations of airborne bacteria require the precise control of the suspension concentration. In addition, traditional methods of measuring bioaerosol concentrations depend on culture-based techniques, which only measure a portion of the total microbial community and have the drawback of being slow, often taking one to several days to complete. This study proposes a predictive methodology for estimating airborne bacterial concentration (CFUs/m³) based on the absorbance measurement of a bacterial suspension in an atomizer using UV/VIS spectroscopy. This methodology involves establishing a correlation curve by preparing different concentrations of bacterial suspensions, measuring their absorbances, aerosolizing each suspension using an atomizer, and sampling airborne bacteria for CFU enumeration. With the obtained correlation curve, simply measuring the absorbance of a certain bacterial suspension can yield the CFU concentration of bacteria in the air without repeatedly performing time-consuming experiments. <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was used as an example species, and the R² between the CFU concentrations in air and the absorbances of the suspensions was 0.9976.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic visualization of heterogeneous nucleation of water vapor on convex and concave particles","authors":"Li Lv ,&nbsp;Yixun Lu ,&nbsp;Junchao Xu ,&nbsp;Xing Wu ,&nbsp;Guangze Li ,&nbsp;Longfei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterogeneous nucleation of water vapor on fine particles affects droplet formation in key processes such as atmospheric physics, gas purification, crystallization, and particle measurement. Understanding and predicting the preferential nucleation sites on microscale particles, especially those with complex geometries such as convex and concave surfaces, remains a major challenge. In this work, the nucleation process on convex spherical particles is first visualized. Particle gap, i.e. particle concavity, will preferentially nucleate. A planar gap model is constructed to explain the reason why convex particles are more prone to nucleate at the gap compared to the particle surface. The influences of the gap angle and the contact angle on nucleation are analyzed. The smaller the gap angle, the smaller the contact angle, and the lower the nucleation energy barrier, making nucleation more likely to occur. Compared to using fractal theory to only obtain the nucleation energy barriers, this model can be used to predict the preferential nucleation sites of micrometer sized convex spherical particles.</div><div>Importantly, to address the issue of whether all concavity will preferentially nucleate, the nucleation on micron-sized concave spherical particles is then visualized. And the nucleation energy barriers of concave cavities and particle surfaces with and without considering line tension are analyzed. It is found that when the particle radius and cavity radius are large, their energy barriers are almost the same. Water vapor is more likely to nucleate simultaneously inside the cavity and on the particle surface. When the particle radius and cavity radius are small, considering the line tension, the energy barrier inside the cavity is greater than that on the particle. Contrary to what is believed, water vapor is more likely to nucleate on the particle rather than in the cavity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subject-specific modeling framework for particle deposition using computational fluid dynamics","authors":"Ignacio R. Bartol ,&nbsp;Martin S. Graffigna Palomba ,&nbsp;Robert J. Dawson ,&nbsp;Wesley E. Bolch ,&nbsp;Mauricio E. Tano ,&nbsp;Shaheen A. Dewji","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying particle deposition and dose in the respiratory tract requires a physiologically realistic representation and reproducible computational workflows. However, existing modeling frameworks, such as the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) compartmental models and the Multiple Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) tool, lack detailed deposition profiles and subject-specific capabilities. The combination of advances in computer vision algorithms applied to the respiratory tract and Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics (CFPD) allows high-fidelity simulations of particle behavior in anatomically accurate geometries derived from individual CT scans. The segmentation, preprocessing, and file preparation task for a CFPD simulation was often time-consuming, and no prior studies to-date have yet presented a fully automated framework.</div><div>This work presents a fully automated workflow to obtain individualized particle deposition profiles in the human respiratory tract. The pipeline starts with segmenting upper and lower airway geometries using morphological and deep learning-based methods, generating three-dimensional (3D) models from CT imaging data. Next, a series of algorithms are presented to quality check and prepare the 3D geometry for a CFD or CFPD simulation. The preprocessing step includes correcting geometric artifacts, enforcing a physically consistent mesh, and automatically identifying and capping multiple outlets, which is required for CFD/CFPD simulations. These processed models are then input into open-source (OpenFOAM) or commercial (StarCCM+) CFD solvers, where flow and transient particle transport equations — including turbulence and particle–wall interactions are solved under realistic breathing conditions. Finally, the resulting particle deposition profiles can be integrated with Monte Carlo radiation transport codes and state-of-the-art computational phantoms to assess organ-specific absorbed doses in scenarios of radioactive aerosol inhalation.</div><div>The presented work streamlines respiratory tract segmentation, preprocessing for CFD/CFPD simulations, and integration with dose assessment workflows, reducing manual intervention and improving access to high-fidelity, subject-specific modeling. The high precision in predicted particle deposition and dose distributions can improve personalized treatment strategies in respiratory medicine and refine dose estimates for radiation protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of particle collisions in enhancing resuspension","authors":"M.C. Villagrán Olivares,&nbsp;R.O. Uñac,&nbsp;A.M. Vidales,&nbsp;J.G. Benito","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The resuspension of fine particles from surfaces exposed to airflow is a phenomenon of great relevance in various scientific and engineering contexts. While traditional models often focus on single-particle detachment driven by aerodynamic forces overcoming adhesion, recent studies have highlighted the significant role of particle–particle interactions, especially in systems with moderate to high surface concentrations. In this work, we develop a Monte Carlo numerical model to investigate the role of collisions as an additional mechanism for particle detachment. The model introduces a probabilistic rule for inter-particle collisions based on particle surface concentration and collision force effect. A parametric study is performed to evaluate how particle surface concentration, particle size, flow velocity, collision efficiency (<span><math><mrow><mi>ε</mi></mrow></math></span>) and the number of multiple particle impacts influence the resuspension rates. The results show that at low concentrations, collisions are negligible, and resuspension is governed by direct aerodynamic detachment. However, as the surface becomes more populated, collisions increasingly contribute to particle removal, especially when the velocity and size of moving particles allow sufficient momentum transfer. The efficiency parameter <span><math><mrow><mi>ε</mi></mrow></math></span> controls the fraction of successful detachments upon impact, and even modest values lead to noticeable increases in collisional contributions to resuspension rates. The model also captures the non-linear behavior of resuspension curves and reproduces key experimental trends reported in the literature. Comparisons with experimental data from other authors show that incorporating collisions significantly improves the prediction of resuspension rates at higher deposition densities. In particular, the introduction of multiple particle impacts is crucial to match the sharp increase in detachment observed experimentally. These findings underscore the importance of including particle–particle interactions in theoretical models and suggest that even in relatively dilute regimes, collisions can enhance detachment under appropriate flow conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of enhanced ultrafine particle collection in quartz crystal microbalance with electric fields","authors":"Nichakran Vichayarom ,&nbsp;Kata Jaruwongrangsee ,&nbsp;Panich Intra ,&nbsp;Thi-Cuc Le ,&nbsp;Chuen-Jinn Tsai ,&nbsp;John Morris ,&nbsp;Perapong Tekasakul ,&nbsp;Racha Dejchanchaiwong","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve ultrafine particle (UFPs) collection and thus measurement of mass concentrations, we developed a sensitive quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), capable of measuring mass at the nanogram level: an electrostatic force was applied to draw particles to a target position, so that all charged particles in the collection zone were measured. In its design, the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation was used to investigate airflow, electric field strength distribution, particle trajectory, particle deposition position, and collection efficiency within the collection zone inside the QCM detector. The airflow pattern exhibited dominant streamlines that flowed vertically through the nozzles and then horizontally along the QCM plate. This configuration directed UFPs along the streamlines, enhancing their deposition onto the plate. The multi-nozzle design also provided a uniform electric field throughout the collection zone, with average electric field strengths over the QCM surface ranged from 399.9 kV/m to 666.4 kV/m. Increasing the applied voltage and particle charge enhanced both velocity and collection efficiency. Varying particle size was also examined, showing that smaller particles were more responsive to electrostatic forces, as indicated by higher particle terminal velocities. The simulated collection efficiency for 30–100 nm particles agreed strongly with predictions from the Deutsch-Anderson equation, where the percentage error between experimental and theoretical results ranged from 4.1 % to 18.3 %. This confirmed that electrostatic force played a significant role in improving the collection efficiency of QCM detectors for UFPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-frequency photothermal interferometry of single aerosol particles","authors":"Felix W. Stollberger ,&nbsp;Michael J. Gleichweit ,&nbsp;Ruth Signorell ,&nbsp;Alexander Bergmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The frequency dependence of photothermal and photoacoustic signals provides information on evaporation, condensation, and heat transfer processes in aerosol particles. Performing such measurements at the single particle level increases accuracy and provides access to various particle properties. Previously, this was not possible due to the resonant acoustic signal amplification required in photoacoustics, which restricted usable modulation frequencies to a single value. In this study, we introduce the use of multi-frequency photothermal interferometry (n<span><math><mi>ω</mi></math></span>-PTI) on single, optically trapped particles and experimentally investigate the frequency dependence of the photothermal signal. The observed signal and its dependence on the optical and thermophysical properties of the particle and the interferometer probe beam are analyzed by an accompanying theoretical model. Our measurements prove the applicability of the presented method and indicate a stronger frequency dependence of the photothermal amplitude from single particles than previously observed in bulk measurements. Furthermore, we were able to decouple the contributions from the particle temperature and the thermal wave propagation and examine their frequency dependencies individually. Finally, we analyzed the direct influence of the particle on the measured signal and showed the potential of frequency-resolved photothermal measurements to study thermophysical parameters or optical properties at the single particle level in the Knudsen transition regime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic asymmetric bronchial tree models for population-scale variability in dosimetry","authors":"Debjit Kundu,&nbsp;Mahesh V. Panchagnula","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulmonary drug delivery has emerged as a preferred mode of drug administration due to its high effectiveness and reduced side effects compared to other methods. Drugs delivered in this manner can be classified into two classes. Some drugs target the lung tissue and are absorbed in the upper airways. Others aim to reach the deep lung, where they are absorbed into the bloodstream to produce systemic effects elsewhere in the body. The efficacy of drug delivery for both would depend on the regional deposition fraction. Various factors such as particle size, inhalation rate, etc. influence the deposition outcomes. More importantly, the trajectories of inhaled particles depend on the unique geometry of each person’s respiratory tract. Variation in lung anatomy is one of the main reasons why different people respond to inhaled medications differently. In addition, several diseases modify the geometry of the airways, leading to altered particle deposition patterns. Therefore, understanding and predicting regional deposition patterns of inhaled drugs becomes crucial for optimizing drug delivery strategies. To that end, we have developed a <em>stochastic asymmetric multi-path model</em> of the human airways. The tracheobronchial airways were generated based on Hess-Murray’s law and stochastic asymmetric branching. Symmetric and alveolated acinar sub-trees were attached to the terminal bronchioles. Through Monte-Carlo simulations, we report the extent, distribution and inter-subject variability in inhaled particle deposition as a function of several key parameters - <em>branching asymmetry, particle size, breathing rate and bronchoconstriction</em>. We show how particle size influences the deposition of particles, how asymmetry generally reduces deposition (barring certain exceptions) and how bronchoconstriction reduces deposition in the deep lung while increasing it in the upper airways. These insights will prove useful in determining drug dosages as well as design and choice of delivery devices such as inhalers and nebulizers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106622"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144469952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}