Pub Date : 2025-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106715
Li Lv , Yixun Lu , Xiaoning Zhao , Longfei Chen , Mingzhou Yu
Water vapor heterogeneous condensation on nanoparticles to form droplets plays a crucial role in many fields. This process involves a complex gas-liquid-solid three-phase transition. There are two main difficulties in measuring the interface phenomenon at the microscopic level: visualization of particles nucleation and controllable condensation of water vapor. So, we proposed an in-situ observation method for controllable condensation of water vapor by constructing a mixed superhydrophobic-fine particle surface, achieving direct observation of particles nucleation by using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM). The results reveal that nucleation sites are initially located at the junction of any two-close particles. Although we established a nucleation model, determining the energy barrier proved challenging through analytical expressions or definite integrals due to the complexity of finding the original function. So, we developed the code to describe the quadrature region based on Boolean operation, and solved the energy barrier for the first time by using numerical integration methods. Our results show that the critical energy barrier at the junction of two particles is only 1/37 of that on a single particle. Most notably, when water vapor condenses on complex circular and chain-shaped multi-particles, the three-fold symmetry in circled particles will firstly initiate the nucleation.
{"title":"Microscopic visualization of interface phenomena in heterogeneous nucleation of water vapor on particles cluster","authors":"Li Lv , Yixun Lu , Xiaoning Zhao , Longfei Chen , Mingzhou Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water vapor heterogeneous condensation on nanoparticles to form droplets plays a crucial role in many fields. This process involves a complex gas-liquid-solid three-phase transition. There are two main difficulties in measuring the interface phenomenon at the microscopic level: visualization of particles nucleation and controllable condensation of water vapor. So, we proposed an in-situ observation method for controllable condensation of water vapor by constructing a mixed superhydrophobic-fine particle surface, achieving direct observation of particles nucleation by using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM). The results reveal that nucleation sites are initially located at the junction of any two-close particles. Although we established a nucleation model, determining the energy barrier proved challenging through analytical expressions or definite integrals due to the complexity of finding the original function. So, we developed the code to describe the quadrature region based on Boolean operation, and solved the energy barrier for the first time by using numerical integration methods. Our results show that the critical energy barrier at the junction of two particles is only 1/37 of that on a single particle. Most notably, when water vapor condenses on complex circular and chain-shaped multi-particles, the three-fold symmetry in circled particles will firstly initiate the nucleation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106715"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106713
Hongshen Li, Chengyi Wang, Naiyuan Zhang, Chengdong Kong
Controlling the particle size and concentration of nanoaerosols is crucial for engineering applications. Here, a novel method is proposed to independently control the particle size and concentration during laser ablation by regulating the local flow field. For this method, the effects of feed flow rate, ablation position, ablation length, and gas composition on the particle size and concentration of iron or aluminum nanoaerosols were investigated for an in-depth understanding of the particle modulation mechanism. It is found that increasing the inlet flow rate and positioning the ablation site close to the jet core can reduce the particle size and narrow the particle size distribution. Besides, increasing the length of the ablation zone can effectively enhance the particle concentration with only a slight increase in the particle size. In the argon atmosphere, iron and aluminum target materials can be ablated to produce nanoaerosols with similar size distributions, but as the atmosphere becomes air, smaller and more concentrated particles are produced compared to those in argon, owing to the exothermic oxidation reactions. A simplified simulation method combining the population balance model (PBM) with the flow partitioning method was used for further analyzing the effect of local flow fields. The simulation results reveal that the aerosol particle size increases rapidly close to the ablation region by agglomeration of dense primary nanoparticles, and thus regulating the residence time in that region can control the aerosol size efficiently.
{"title":"Regulation of the size and concentration of nanoaerosol particles produced by the laser ablation method","authors":"Hongshen Li, Chengyi Wang, Naiyuan Zhang, Chengdong Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlling the particle size and concentration of nanoaerosols is crucial for engineering applications. Here, a novel method is proposed to independently control the particle size and concentration during laser ablation by regulating the local flow field. For this method, the effects of feed flow rate, ablation position, ablation length, and gas composition on the particle size and concentration of iron or aluminum nanoaerosols were investigated for an in-depth understanding of the particle modulation mechanism. It is found that increasing the inlet flow rate and positioning the ablation site close to the jet core can reduce the particle size and narrow the particle size distribution. Besides, increasing the length of the ablation zone can effectively enhance the particle concentration with only a slight increase in the particle size. In the argon atmosphere, iron and aluminum target materials can be ablated to produce nanoaerosols with similar size distributions, but as the atmosphere becomes air, smaller and more concentrated particles are produced compared to those in argon, owing to the exothermic oxidation reactions. A simplified simulation method combining the population balance model (PBM) with the flow partitioning method was used for further analyzing the effect of local flow fields. The simulation results reveal that the aerosol particle size increases rapidly close to the ablation region by agglomeration of dense primary nanoparticles, and thus regulating the residence time in that region can control the aerosol size efficiently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106707
Joshua S. Hassim , Simone Hochgreb , Adam M. Boies
Aerosol science relies on multiple classification techniques that separate particles based on distinct physical properties such as mass, mobility, and aerodynamic diameter. Instruments like the differential mobility analyser (DMA), aerosol aerodynamic classifier (AAC), and centrifugal particle mass analyser (CPMA) enable these separations. By combining two of these measurement methods in tandem, it becomes possible to infer additional particle characteristics, such as effective density, which are crucial for understanding aerosol morphology. In this work, we investigate how morphological diversity within a particle population and classification-induced asymmetries influence the retrieval of average aerosol properties in tandem measurements. Numerical simulations reveal that instruments such as the AAC and, to a lesser extent, the CPMA select particles asymmetrically about the mean of a mass–mobility distribution, leading to systematic shifts in the inferred effective density. Experimental measurements of soot aerosols confirm these predictions, showing that the order of classifiers in tandem setups alters the retrieved mass–mobility parameters, in some cases producing physically unrealistic exponents. These findings highlight that classification-induced biases, if unaccounted for, can lead to misinterpretation of ensemble-averaged morphology, particularly for morphologically diverse aerosols. We emphasise the need for careful selection of classifier pairings and correction strategies when comparing mass–mobility relationships across different instruments, studies, or laboratories.
{"title":"Assessing the influence of morphological variability and classifier arrangement on tandem particle classification analysis","authors":"Joshua S. Hassim , Simone Hochgreb , Adam M. Boies","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerosol science relies on multiple classification techniques that separate particles based on distinct physical properties such as mass, mobility, and aerodynamic diameter. Instruments like the differential mobility analyser (DMA), aerosol aerodynamic classifier (AAC), and centrifugal particle mass analyser (CPMA) enable these separations. By combining two of these measurement methods in tandem, it becomes possible to infer additional particle characteristics, such as effective density, which are crucial for understanding aerosol morphology. In this work, we investigate how morphological diversity within a particle population and classification-induced asymmetries influence the retrieval of average aerosol properties in tandem measurements. Numerical simulations reveal that instruments such as the AAC and, to a lesser extent, the CPMA select particles asymmetrically about the mean of a mass–mobility distribution, leading to systematic shifts in the inferred effective density. Experimental measurements of soot aerosols confirm these predictions, showing that the order of classifiers in tandem setups alters the retrieved mass–mobility parameters, in some cases producing physically unrealistic exponents. These findings highlight that classification-induced biases, if unaccounted for, can lead to misinterpretation of ensemble-averaged morphology, particularly for morphologically diverse aerosols. We emphasise the need for careful selection of classifier pairings and correction strategies when comparing mass–mobility relationships across different instruments, studies, or laboratories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106712
Luigi Piero Di Bonito , Kelly Moreira , Lelio Campanile , Klaus Glanzer , Luewton L.F. Agostinho , Mauro Iacono , Francesco Di Natale
Electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) is a versatile technology applied to different fields ranging from process industries to materials science and medicine. Depending on the operating conditions, EHDA provides different spray modes, which are mostly recognized either by high-speed imaging or, less frequently, by current measurements. While high-speed imaging is very successful for lab experiments, it may be difficult to apply in field applications with limited optical access to the spray. To this scope, this study specifically uses frequency-domain analysis of emitted electric current signal data to propose an eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)-based approach for multi-class recognition of EHDA modes, improving the accuracy of electric current-based classification and allowing an online control of the spray performances. To this scope, a new dataset of experimental data for various liquid types with different chemical–physical properties has been built. The dataset is used to tune the XAI-based method through a supervised learning approach. By combining advanced feature engineering and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), the proposed approach achieves accurate classification, making possible the identification of dripping, intermittent, cone-jet, and the challenging multi-jet modes, without the need for visual data. The use of post-hoc XAI techniques ensures transparency, confirming that the model bases its decisions on frequency patterns aligned with the physics of the process.
The proposed method demonstrates robustness and a certain adaptability, being capable of classifying with appreciable accuracy EHDA modes for liquids with physical properties different from those used for its training, marking a significant advancement in EHDA process control. This innovation lays the foundation for integrating AI-based classification into closed-loop systems for real-time optimization, addressing both academic and industrial challenges in process efficiency and automation.
{"title":"eXplainable artificial intelligence for non-visual multiclass recognition of EHDA Modes","authors":"Luigi Piero Di Bonito , Kelly Moreira , Lelio Campanile , Klaus Glanzer , Luewton L.F. Agostinho , Mauro Iacono , Francesco Di Natale","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) is a versatile technology applied to different fields ranging from process industries to materials science and medicine. Depending on the operating conditions, EHDA provides different spray modes, which are mostly recognized either by high-speed imaging or, less frequently, by current measurements. While high-speed imaging is very successful for lab experiments, it may be difficult to apply in field applications with limited optical access to the spray. To this scope, this study specifically uses frequency-domain analysis of emitted electric current signal data to propose an eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)-based approach for multi-class recognition of EHDA modes, improving the accuracy of electric current-based classification and allowing an online control of the spray performances. To this scope, a new dataset of experimental data for various liquid types with different chemical–physical properties has been built. The dataset is used to tune the XAI-based method through a supervised learning approach. By combining advanced feature engineering and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), the proposed approach achieves accurate classification, making possible the identification of dripping, intermittent, cone-jet, and the challenging multi-jet modes, without the need for visual data. The use of post-hoc XAI techniques ensures transparency, confirming that the model bases its decisions on frequency patterns aligned with the physics of the process.</div><div>The proposed method demonstrates robustness and a certain adaptability, being capable of classifying with appreciable accuracy EHDA modes for liquids with physical properties different from those used for its training, marking a significant advancement in EHDA process control. This innovation lays the foundation for integrating AI-based classification into closed-loop systems for real-time optimization, addressing both academic and industrial challenges in process efficiency and automation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106708
Kennet Braasch, Alexander Teplyuk, Michael Höft
In this work, a Doppler Radar sensor with a transmitting frequency of GHz is presented for the continuous real-time monitoring of particles. This measurement approach has advantages over more common methods. Especially, the huge measurement volume sets this method apart and makes it ideal for industrial combustion processes. The theoretical background for the approach is presented and discussed. A setup is constructed and measurements are conducted which serve as proof-of-concept for the monitoring of particle concentration. Two different particle sizes of m and m are used for these measurements, which are within the typical regime for the application.
{"title":"Real-time monitoring of particle concentrations within an air stream using a high-frequency Doppler Radar Sensor","authors":"Kennet Braasch, Alexander Teplyuk, Michael Höft","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a Doppler Radar sensor with a transmitting frequency of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>140</mn></mrow></math></span> <!--> <!-->GHz is presented for the continuous real-time monitoring of particles. This measurement approach has advantages over more common methods. Especially, the huge measurement volume sets this method apart and makes it ideal for industrial combustion processes. The theoretical background for the approach is presented and discussed. A setup is constructed and measurements are conducted which serve as proof-of-concept for the monitoring of particle concentration. Two different particle sizes of <span><math><mrow><mn>17</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span>m and <span><math><mrow><mn>12</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span>m are used for these measurements, which are within the typical regime for the application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106710
Anusmita Das , Mathilde Noemie Delaval , Mika Ihalainen , Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis , Anja Huber , Elias J. Zimmermann , Sebastiano Di Bucchianico , Olli Sippula , Hendryk Czech , Martin Sklorz , Ralf Zimmermann
Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) cell exposure systems are essential tools for assessing the toxicity of airborne aerosols and engineered nanomaterials in vitro. These systems are increasingly favored for depositing aerosols directly onto cell cultures with improved precision, scalability, and flexibility. However, a significant challenge remains in accurately determining the actual particle deposition, particularly for ultrafine particles (UFP, Dp ≤ 100 nm). This study investigates the chemical-based quantification of UFP mass deposition and the deposition variability across insert positions in an Automated Exposure Station (AES).
Multi-well positions in the AES were exposed to soot UFP, rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and copper UFP for 4 h in independent experiments. To determine the mass deposition of soot UFP, Teflon-coated glass fiber filters were placed at various positions and analyzed to quantify targeted PAH. Similarly, copper UFP was deposited onto empty inserts in different positions, and post-exposure quantification was performed.
Mass deposition efficiencies exhibited a high relative variability of 15 % from experiment to experiment, and the position-dependent variability was not significant for either soot UFP or copper UFP. However, compared to the results from a theoretical model, the model significantly underestimated mass deposition by a factor of 5–8. Incorporating an alternative calculation of the boundary layer thickness into the model improved the agreement between model and experimental data. Therefore, for UFP mass deposition results from modeling must be interpreted with care.
{"title":"Technical note: Quantification of ultrafine particle mass deposition in an in vitro air-liquid interface exposure system","authors":"Anusmita Das , Mathilde Noemie Delaval , Mika Ihalainen , Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis , Anja Huber , Elias J. Zimmermann , Sebastiano Di Bucchianico , Olli Sippula , Hendryk Czech , Martin Sklorz , Ralf Zimmermann","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) cell exposure systems are essential tools for assessing the toxicity of airborne aerosols and engineered nanomaterials <em>in vitro</em>. These systems are increasingly favored for depositing aerosols directly onto cell cultures with improved precision, scalability, and flexibility. However, a significant challenge remains in accurately determining the actual particle deposition, particularly for ultrafine particles (UFP, Dp ≤ 100 nm). This study investigates the chemical-based quantification of UFP mass deposition and the deposition variability across insert positions in an Automated Exposure Station (AES).</div><div>Multi-well positions in the AES were exposed to soot UFP, rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and copper UFP for 4 h in independent experiments. To determine the mass deposition of soot UFP, Teflon-coated glass fiber filters were placed at various positions and analyzed to quantify targeted PAH. Similarly, copper UFP was deposited onto empty inserts in different positions, and post-exposure quantification was performed.</div><div>Mass deposition efficiencies exhibited a high relative variability of 15 % from experiment to experiment, and the position-dependent variability was not significant for either soot UFP or copper UFP. However, compared to the results from a theoretical model, the model significantly underestimated mass deposition by a factor of 5–8. Incorporating an alternative calculation of the boundary layer thickness into the model improved the agreement between model and experimental data. Therefore, for UFP mass deposition results from modeling must be interpreted with care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two air quality monitoring devices (Bluesky, PurpleAir) equipped with low-cost sensors were investigated as particle monitoring devices and for personal exposure assessment and dose characterization. Raw sensor concentrations were corrected based on concentrations measured by reference instruments and for relative humidity levels. The dose received in the human respiratory tract was quantified through dosimetry simulations assuming exposure to the ambient environment. The corrected sensor concentrations exhibited a substantial improvement during wintertime which suggested better performance of the devices when the environment was significantly enriched with fine particles (heating emissions). Bluesky followed successfully PM10 trends when different sources were investigated (Sahara, heating, marine, mixed conditions) but high bias (22.1 μg/m3) during Sahara implied its inability to measure accurately PM10 concentrations. i.e. coarser particles. On the contrary, PurpleAir preserved proportional relationship during heating (r = 0.96) but failed to catch PM2.5 variations during Sahara (r = −0.55) and mixed urban conditions (r = −0.40). Comparison of sensor and referenced daily deposited doses was non-negligible with absolute errors ranging between 16.8 and 133.1 μg for Bluesky and between 17.4 and 36.7 μg for PurpleAir, yet reduced errors were obtained during wintertime as a direct result of better sensor response. Environmental conditions investigation demonstrated the inability of both sensors to be used for dose characterization during Sahara events but reduced or even minimized bias was found in the other conditions. This study emphasizes that successful personal exposure assessment by low-cost sensors should rely on accurate particle mass measurements to provide equivalent to reference deposited doses under the varying exposure conditions.
{"title":"Evaluating low-cost sensors for particle mass concentrations, personal exposure and internal dose characterization at Eastern Mediterranean sites: Can they stand as efficient alternatives?","authors":"Sofia Eirini Chatoutsidou , Eleftheria Chalvatzaki , Nikolaos Mihalopoulos , Theodosios Kassandros , Evangelos Bagkis , Konstantinos Karatzas , Dimitrios Melas , Mihalis Lazaridis","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two air quality monitoring devices (Bluesky, PurpleAir) equipped with low-cost sensors were investigated as particle monitoring devices and for personal exposure assessment and dose characterization. Raw sensor concentrations were corrected based on concentrations measured by reference instruments and for relative humidity levels. The dose received in the human respiratory tract was quantified through dosimetry simulations assuming exposure to the ambient environment. The corrected sensor concentrations exhibited a substantial improvement during wintertime which suggested better performance of the devices when the environment was significantly enriched with fine particles (heating emissions). Bluesky followed successfully PM<sub>10</sub> trends when different sources were investigated (Sahara, heating, marine, mixed conditions) but high bias (22.1 μg/m<sup>3</sup>) during Sahara implied its inability to measure accurately PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations. i.e. coarser particles. On the contrary, PurpleAir preserved proportional relationship during heating (r = 0.96) but failed to catch PM<sub>2.5</sub> variations during Sahara (r = −0.55) and mixed urban conditions (r = −0.40). Comparison of sensor and referenced daily deposited doses was non-negligible with absolute errors ranging between 16.8 and 133.1 μg for Bluesky and between 17.4 and 36.7 μg for PurpleAir, yet reduced errors were obtained during wintertime as a direct result of better sensor response. Environmental conditions investigation demonstrated the inability of both sensors to be used for dose characterization during Sahara events but reduced or even minimized bias was found in the other conditions. This study emphasizes that successful personal exposure assessment by low-cost sensors should rely on accurate particle mass measurements to provide equivalent to reference deposited doses under the varying exposure conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106709
Jinho Lee, Wei-Chung Su
This study employed a newly developed MALDA-MOUDI approach to investigate the respiratory deposition of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Heated Tobacco Products (HTP) aerosol and used the resulting data to assess associated health risks. MALDA-MOUDI is a tandem system that integrates the Mobile Aerosol Lung Deposition Apparatus (MALDA) with the Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) to enable effective estimations of the size-dependent deposited mass of inhaled aerosol in major airway regions. The MALDA-MOUDI system covers a wide particle size range, from nanometers to micrometers, making it ideal for comprehensive aerosol exposure research. To study ENDS and HTP aerosol respiratory deposition using MALDA-MOUDI, a series of laboratory experiments was conducted to obtain the deposited mass of ENDS and HTP aerosol in human airways. Two types of ENDS and one HTP (JUUL, disposable, and IQOS) were used in the study to generate test aerosol. MALDA-MOUDI respiratory deposition experiments were carried out under both active (mainstream) and passive (secondhand) exposure conditions. Metal-induced health risks were systematically evaluated based on the measured respiratory deposited mass under presumed active and passive use scenarios. The acquired results indicated that non-cancer and cancer risks associated with metals released from the tested ENDS and HTP fell within acceptable levels for both active and passive use scenarios. The MALDA-MOUDI system is a valuable tool for aerosol respiratory deposition studies and can be applied to broader environmental and occupational aerosol exposure research to assess health risks associated with toxic substances in aerosol particles.
{"title":"A new aerosol respiratory deposition approach: Health risks of metals in aerosols from electronic nicotine delivery systems and heated tobacco products","authors":"Jinho Lee, Wei-Chung Su","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed a newly developed MALDA-MOUDI approach to investigate the respiratory deposition of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Heated Tobacco Products (HTP) aerosol and used the resulting data to assess associated health risks. MALDA-MOUDI is a tandem system that integrates the Mobile Aerosol Lung Deposition Apparatus (MALDA) with the Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) to enable effective estimations of the size-dependent deposited mass of inhaled aerosol in major airway regions. The MALDA-MOUDI system covers a wide particle size range, from nanometers to micrometers, making it ideal for comprehensive aerosol exposure research. To study ENDS and HTP aerosol respiratory deposition using MALDA-MOUDI, a series of laboratory experiments was conducted to obtain the deposited mass of ENDS and HTP aerosol in human airways. Two types of ENDS and one HTP (JUUL, disposable, and IQOS) were used in the study to generate test aerosol. MALDA-MOUDI respiratory deposition experiments were carried out under both active (mainstream) and passive (secondhand) exposure conditions. Metal-induced health risks were systematically evaluated based on the measured respiratory deposited mass under presumed active and passive use scenarios. The acquired results indicated that non-cancer and cancer risks associated with metals released from the tested ENDS and HTP fell within acceptable levels for both active and passive use scenarios. The MALDA-MOUDI system is a valuable tool for aerosol respiratory deposition studies and can be applied to broader environmental and occupational aerosol exposure research to assess health risks associated with toxic substances in aerosol particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145417619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Achievements and challenges of targeted drug delivery to a human respiratory tract are summarised. These include an analysis of the means of targeted drug delivery, which were used in the past, are currently available, and are expected to be used in the future. Particular attention is paid to the prioritisation of drugs and means of their targeted delivery. This analysis is followed by a description of pharmacological, experimental and theoretical advances in targeted drug delivery to a human respiratory tract. A description of the theoretical advances focuses on the theoretical tools currently available and used for the analysis of drug delivery processes, and those which were developed for different applications, mainly in engineering, but could potentially be applicable to the analysis of drug delivery processes in human airways. The latter include the full Lagrangian approach, and recently developed models of mono- and multi-component, and spherical and non-spherical droplet/aerosol heating and evaporation. Particular attention is given to molecular dynamics approaches to modelling aerosols, including their dynamics, heating and evaporation.
{"title":"Achievements and challenges of targeted drug delivery to a human respiratory tract: Bridging traditional and novel approaches to modelling and clinical needs","authors":"R.M. Ainetdinov , D.V. Antonov , S.N. Avdeev , B.-Y. Cao , S.A. Kerimbekova , N. Liu , Z.M. Merzhoeva , O.V. Nagatkina , L.Yu. Nikitina , O. Rybdylova , S.S. Sazhin , E.S. Sokolova , P.A. Strizhak , O.A. Suvorova","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achievements and challenges of targeted drug delivery to a human respiratory tract are summarised. These include an analysis of the means of targeted drug delivery, which were used in the past, are currently available, and are expected to be used in the future. Particular attention is paid to the prioritisation of drugs and means of their targeted delivery. This analysis is followed by a description of pharmacological, experimental and theoretical advances in targeted drug delivery to a human respiratory tract. A description of the theoretical advances focuses on the theoretical tools currently available and used for the analysis of drug delivery processes, and those which were developed for different applications, mainly in engineering, but could potentially be applicable to the analysis of drug delivery processes in human airways. The latter include the full Lagrangian approach, and recently developed models of mono- and multi-component, and spherical and non-spherical droplet/aerosol heating and evaporation. Particular attention is given to molecular dynamics approaches to modelling aerosols, including their dynamics, heating and evaporation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106705
Shipeng Kang , Tongzhu Yu , Yixin Yang , Huaqiao Gui , Jianguo Liu , Da-Ren Chen
It has been evidenced that the accuracy of fine particle size distribution data collected by the DMA technique would be less prone to the uncertainty of particle charging ions by measuring electrical mobility of particles in both polarities instead of only measuring particles charged in one polarity (in the current practice). Unipolar DMAs are required to scan the DMA voltage from one polarity limit to the opposite polarity limit to fulfill the above measurement task. Bipolar DMAs are thus desired for reducing the voltage scanning time of unipolar DMAs. The measuring cycle of DMAs can be further reduced with the feature of multiple outlets (having different particle classification distances) when all the outlets are connected to individual particle concentration detectors. A Bipolar multi-outlet DMA (i.e., BiMoDMA) is thus designed. Although featured with multiple pairs of outlets, this study focused on the performance evaluation of BiMoDMA with only one outlet pair open. The prototype is in the plate-to-plate (or parallel-plate) configuration with a single aerosol inlet slit and four paired aerosol sampling outlet slits (labeled as A1B1-A4B4 from the pair at the nearest classification distance to that at the farthest distance from the aerosol inlet). For the voltage in the range of , and sheath flowrate of , this BiMoDMA can classify particles in the size ranges of , , , and for the outlet pairs of A1B1, A2B2, A3B3 and A4B4, respectively. TDMA setup was applied to calibrate the sizing voltage of this BiMoDMA for a given particle electrical mobility, and to evaluate the DMA transfer functions at different sheath flowrates and particle sizes. It is found that the measured size-voltage relationship is in reasonable agreement with the general trend calculated by the 2D DMA model. The correction factor was introduced to better correlate calculated voltage with measured data. The half-height width and area of BiMoDMA transfer functions decreased with the increase of sheath flowrate, while the height and area of transfer functions increased with the increase of particle size.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of a bipolar multi-outlet differential mobility analyzer (BiMoDMA)","authors":"Shipeng Kang , Tongzhu Yu , Yixin Yang , Huaqiao Gui , Jianguo Liu , Da-Ren Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has been evidenced that the accuracy of fine particle size distribution data collected by the DMA technique would be less prone to the uncertainty of particle charging ions by measuring electrical mobility of particles in both polarities instead of only measuring particles charged in one polarity (in the current practice). Unipolar DMAs are required to scan the DMA voltage from one polarity limit to the opposite polarity limit to fulfill the above measurement task. Bipolar DMAs are thus desired for reducing the voltage scanning time of unipolar DMAs. The measuring cycle of DMAs can be further reduced with the feature of multiple outlets (having different particle classification distances) when all the outlets are connected to individual particle concentration detectors. A Bipolar multi-outlet DMA (i.e., BiMoDMA) is thus designed. Although featured with multiple pairs of outlets, this study focused on the performance evaluation of BiMoDMA with only one outlet pair open. The prototype is in the plate-to-plate (or parallel-plate) configuration with a single aerosol inlet slit and four paired aerosol sampling outlet slits (labeled as A1B1-A4B4 from the pair at the nearest classification distance to that at the farthest distance from the aerosol inlet). For the voltage in the range of <span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mo>∼</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>000</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span>, and sheath flowrate of <span><math><mrow><mn>36</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>L</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>min</mi></mrow></math></span>, this BiMoDMA can classify particles in the size ranges of <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>∼</mo><mn>30</mn><mtext>nm</mtext></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>∼</mo><mn>55</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>nm</mtext></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mn>7</mn><mo>∼</mo><mn>104</mn><mtext>nm</mtext></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>∼</mo><mn>155</mn><mtext>nm</mtext></mrow></math></span> for the outlet pairs of A1B1, A2B2, A3B3 and A4B4, respectively. TDMA setup was applied to calibrate the sizing voltage of this BiMoDMA for a given particle electrical mobility, and to evaluate the DMA transfer functions at different sheath flowrates and particle sizes. It is found that the measured size-voltage relationship is in reasonable agreement with the general trend calculated by the 2D DMA model. The correction factor was introduced to better correlate calculated voltage with measured data. The half-height width and area of BiMoDMA transfer functions decreased with the increase of sheath flowrate, while the height and area of transfer functions increased with the increase of particle size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106705"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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