Electrohydrodynamic atomization printing is a very promising technology for thin film deposition. Mainly due to the ability to form plumes of highly uniform droplets under electrostatic fields. However, the plume divergence mechanism in the printing process and the parametric influence of deposition uniformity are still not well explained. This study proposes a multiphysics field coupling model based on three-dimensional Lagrangian particles, which is capable of completely and accurately describing the morphology of electrohydrodynamic atomization printing patterns and the deposition characteristics of charged droplet plume. The time-series deposition and force analysis of printing process are discussed. In addition, by analyzing the relationship between the effects of different parameters on the printing process, the mechanisms affecting the pattern morphology and deposition uniformity are revealed. The results show that the radial expansion of the plume continuously increases the inhomogeneity between the deposition center and the edge. The electric force drives the axial movement of the droplets, while the magnitude of the Coulomb force determines the morphology and spreading extent of the plume. There is a maximum value of deposition uniformity over the range of variation of voltage and flow rate and a minimum value of deposition uniformity over the range of variation of viscosity. Increases in solution conductivity and surface tension can enhance deposition uniformity, while the relative dielectric constant has the opposite effect. These studies contribute to a better understanding of the electrohydrodynamic atomization printing process, provide a theoretical basis for parameter selection and solution formulation, and can provide valuable guidance for optimizing the printing process.
{"title":"Deposition uniformity characteristics of electrohydrodynamic atomization printing based on three-dimensional Lagrangian discrete microparticles with size distribution","authors":"Chao Hu, Jiankui Chen, Wei Chen, Guozhen Wang, Zhouping Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrohydrodynamic atomization printing is a very promising technology for thin film deposition. Mainly due to the ability to form plumes of highly uniform droplets under electrostatic fields. However, the plume divergence mechanism in the printing process and the parametric influence of deposition uniformity are still not well explained. This study proposes a multiphysics field coupling model based on three-dimensional Lagrangian particles, which is capable of completely and accurately describing the morphology of electrohydrodynamic atomization printing patterns and the deposition characteristics of charged droplet plume. The time-series deposition and force analysis of printing process are discussed. In addition, by analyzing the relationship between the effects of different parameters on the printing process, the mechanisms affecting the pattern morphology and deposition uniformity are revealed. The results show that the radial expansion of the plume continuously increases the inhomogeneity between the deposition center and the edge. The electric force drives the axial movement of the droplets, while the magnitude of the Coulomb force determines the morphology and spreading extent of the plume. There is a maximum value of deposition uniformity over the range of variation of voltage and flow rate and a minimum value of deposition uniformity over the range of variation of viscosity. Increases in solution conductivity and surface tension can enhance deposition uniformity, while the relative dielectric constant has the opposite effect. These studies contribute to a better understanding of the electrohydrodynamic atomization printing process, provide a theoretical basis for parameter selection and solution formulation, and can provide valuable guidance for optimizing the printing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 106730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106734
Saisai Yan , Zishu Wen , Qing Liu , Zhanjie Liu , Miao Zhang , Xinlin Liu , Dongming Xing
Sampling and detection of bioaerosols is highly desirable for control and early warning of microbial contamination. However, the current national standard for assessing bioaerosols is formulated based on the culture strategy. To accelerate the updates of current standards, alternative protocols need to be explored and investigated in field. Herein, a comparative study between the culture-free detection with current Chinese national standard was performed in the simulated and real-world bioaerosol environments. Benefiting from high-performance sampling supported by the hyaluronic acid air filter membrane (HAFM), which is produced of hyaluronic acid and gelatin, airborne microbes can be effectively captured and collected regardless of the bioaerosol concentration. By employing the all-in-one luminescence reagent, culture-free detection of trapped microorganisms was realized with ATP bioluminescence. Importantly, the water-soluble filter-inspired “dual purposes of one filter” mode was achieved to ensure the accurate transformation of colony cultivation to ATP bioluminescence. A clear linear relationship was obtained between the culture-free detection with the current standard, which suggests that the counting (CFU values) of colony cultivation can be replaced by the corresponding luminescence intensity (RLU values) of ATP bioluminescence. This work provides a specific attempt for standard replacement and may inspire more advanced benchmarks to assess the bioaerosol contamination.
{"title":"Water-soluble filter-inspired comparison of culture-free detection and current national standard for assessing bioaerosol contamination","authors":"Saisai Yan , Zishu Wen , Qing Liu , Zhanjie Liu , Miao Zhang , Xinlin Liu , Dongming Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sampling and detection of bioaerosols is highly desirable for control and early warning of microbial contamination. However, the current national standard for assessing bioaerosols is formulated based on the culture strategy. To accelerate the updates of current standards, alternative protocols need to be explored and investigated in field. Herein, a comparative study between the culture-free detection with current Chinese national standard was performed in the simulated and real-world bioaerosol environments. Benefiting from high-performance sampling supported by the hyaluronic acid air filter membrane (HAFM), which is produced of hyaluronic acid and gelatin, airborne microbes can be effectively captured and collected regardless of the bioaerosol concentration. By employing the all-in-one luminescence reagent, culture-free detection of trapped microorganisms was realized with ATP bioluminescence. Importantly, the water-soluble filter-inspired “dual purposes of one filter” mode was achieved to ensure the accurate transformation of colony cultivation to ATP bioluminescence. A clear linear relationship was obtained between the culture-free detection with the current standard, which suggests that the counting (CFU values) of colony cultivation can be replaced by the corresponding luminescence intensity (RLU values) of ATP bioluminescence. This work provides a specific attempt for standard replacement and may inspire more advanced benchmarks to assess the bioaerosol contamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 106734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106732
Shahriyar Bazzazpour , Mohammad Yousefi , Anoushiravan Mohseni-Bandpei , Philip K. Hopke , Marzieh Torabbeigi , Majid Kermani , Abbas Shahsavani
In the past decade, the global community has expressed growing concern over environmental microplastics, recognizing them as emerging pollutants with potential threats to human health and ecosystems. To address this concern, the development of analytical methods for quantifying airborne microplastic particles stands out as a crucial research priority. Although pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) has demonstrated its efficacy in identifying microplastics, a significant gap remains in the determination of tire-related polymers. Also, the availability of data on atmospheric conditions is scarce. This study focuses on the direct analysis of 6 polymers, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, styrene-butadiene rubber, and butadiene rubber, in the matrix of atmospheric particulate matter and indoor house dust, employing off-line pyrolysis GC/MS. Comprehensive investigations into the pyrolysis products of each polymer have been conducted. The proposed method showed remarkable sensitivity, reproducibility (with a relative standard deviation of less than 16 % for all polymers except PET), and recovery rates ranging from 91 % to 136 %. Furthermore, this method successfully identified and quantified target polymers in atmospheric particles and dust samples. Tire-related polymers and polystyrene were found to predominate in particulate matter samples, while polyethylene terephthalate dominated in indoor house dust. This off-line approach demonstrated significant consistency in pyrolysates compared to online methods documented in prior studies, offering a reliable and accurate quantification of microplastic materials.
{"title":"Insights into the simultaneous analysis of airborne microplastic and microrubber particles by off-line pyrolysis GC/MS","authors":"Shahriyar Bazzazpour , Mohammad Yousefi , Anoushiravan Mohseni-Bandpei , Philip K. Hopke , Marzieh Torabbeigi , Majid Kermani , Abbas Shahsavani","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past decade, the global community has expressed growing concern over environmental microplastics, recognizing them as emerging pollutants with potential threats to human health and ecosystems. To address this concern, the development of analytical methods for quantifying airborne microplastic particles stands out as a crucial research priority. Although pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) has demonstrated its efficacy in identifying microplastics, a significant gap remains in the determination of tire-related polymers. Also, the availability of data on atmospheric conditions is scarce. This study focuses on the direct analysis of 6 polymers, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, styrene-butadiene rubber, and butadiene rubber, in the matrix of atmospheric particulate matter and indoor house dust, employing off-line pyrolysis GC/MS. Comprehensive investigations into the pyrolysis products of each polymer have been conducted. The proposed method showed remarkable sensitivity, reproducibility (with a relative standard deviation of less than 16 % for all polymers except PET), and recovery rates ranging from 91 % to 136 %. Furthermore, this method successfully identified and quantified target polymers in atmospheric particles and dust samples. Tire-related polymers and polystyrene were found to predominate in particulate matter samples, while polyethylene terephthalate dominated in indoor house dust. This off-line approach demonstrated significant consistency in pyrolysates compared to online methods documented in prior studies, offering a reliable and accurate quantification of microplastic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 106732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106731
Antonio Baratta, Taewon T. Han, Gediminas Mainelis
The Corsi-Rosenthal (C-R) box has gained widespread popularity as an affordable, do-it-yourself air cleaner designed to improve indoor air quality. Despite its rapid adoption, limited studies have evaluated how different operational and experimental variables affect the C-R box's efficiency. This study investigated the Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) of the C-R box as a function of filter rating, its electret enhancement, measurement interval, location, and type of measurement devices, and additional air mixing when removing PM2.5 sodium chloride (NaCl) or Arizona Road Dust (ARD) particles in a 3024 ft3 (∼86 m3) room. Based on measurements by a research-grade MiniWRAS (1371, DURAG Group, Hamburg, Germany), the C-R box with four 2-inch MERV-13 filters achieved a CADR of 358.56 ± 10.58 cubic feet per minute (cfm) at its highest fan speed, outperforming MERV-8 filters (209.93 ± 9.30 cfm) by 71 % despite only a 41 % increase in filter cost. MERV-13 filters with an electret designation did not improve CADR compared to plain MERV-13 filters. When challenged with ARD particles, the C-R box achieved a CADR of 416.60 ± 8.31 cfm: 15 % higher compared to NaCl particles. We also observed that moving the C-R box farther away from the measurement devices (140 inches vs 65 inches) led to a decrease in CADR by ∼8 %. However, using additional mixing fans helped improve CADR in the room's corners by up to 21 %. Comparison of CADR determined by an out-of-the-box consumer-grade AirVisual monitor with MiniWRAS showed that the AirVisual yielded the same trends, albeit at a ∼14 % higher CADR. Our investigation of variables affecting the measured C-R box's CADR will help optimize its performance and improve data comparison across studies. We also demonstrate that consumer-grade monitors are a viable option in investigating the performance of air cleaners, especially their localized performance.
{"title":"Not all boxes are equal: Investigation of parameters affecting PM2.5 particle removal by the Corsi-Rosenthal box","authors":"Antonio Baratta, Taewon T. Han, Gediminas Mainelis","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Corsi-Rosenthal (C-R) box has gained widespread popularity as an affordable, do-it-yourself air cleaner designed to improve indoor air quality. Despite its rapid adoption, limited studies have evaluated how different operational and experimental variables affect the C-R box's efficiency. This study investigated the Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) of the C-R box as a function of filter rating, its electret enhancement, measurement interval, location, and type of measurement devices, and additional air mixing when removing PM<sub>2.5</sub> sodium chloride (NaCl) or Arizona Road Dust (ARD) particles in a 3024 ft<sup>3</sup> (∼86 m<sup>3</sup>) room. Based on measurements by a research-grade MiniWRAS (1371, DURAG Group, Hamburg, Germany), the C-R box with four 2-inch MERV-13 filters achieved a CADR of 358.56 ± 10.58 cubic feet per minute (cfm) at its highest fan speed, outperforming MERV-8 filters (209.93 ± 9.30 cfm) by 71 % despite only a 41 % increase in filter cost. MERV-13 filters with an electret designation did not improve CADR compared to plain MERV-13 filters. When challenged with ARD particles, the C-R box achieved a CADR of 416.60 ± 8.31 cfm: 15 % higher compared to NaCl particles. We also observed that moving the C-R box farther away from the measurement devices (140 inches vs 65 inches) led to a decrease in CADR by ∼8 %. However, using additional mixing fans helped improve CADR in the room's corners by up to 21 %. Comparison of CADR determined by an out-of-the-box consumer-grade AirVisual monitor with MiniWRAS showed that the AirVisual yielded the same trends, albeit at a ∼14 % higher CADR. Our investigation of variables affecting the measured C-R box's CADR will help optimize its performance and improve data comparison across studies. We also demonstrate that consumer-grade monitors are a viable option in investigating the performance of air cleaners, especially their localized performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 106731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maintaining hygrothermal comfort and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in train cabins is crucial for the well-being of passengers and crew, particularly in mitigating the risks associated with airborne transmission. The Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems play a critical role in determining airflow patterns, thermal comfort indices, and the distribution of airborne particles. This study investigates the effects of varying return air intake ratios, a practical and non-structural modification, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Four HVAC configurations with different return air percentages (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, and 75 %) are assessed in terms of thermal comfort indices and the particles evacuation efficiency generated by a sneeze. The results reveal an optimal trade-off between thermal comfort and particle evacuation efficiency: low return intake (0 %) provides the best thermal comfort conditions; however, the optimal IAQ is achieved with a moderate return intake (50 %), which results in the highest particle evacuation rate (82.34 %) and significantly reduced particle deposition in critical areas, such as the seating zones. In contrast, a high return air intake (75 %) leads to recirculation zones that trap particles and hinder their removal, while a low return air intake increases the risk of particle deposition for passengers. This study underscores the importance of a multi-criteria approach in HVAC design for train cabins, emphasizing that configurations optimized solely for comfort may not ensure protection against airborne pollutants.
{"title":"On the effect of HVAC recirculation on thermal comfort and indoor air quality in train cabins","authors":"Reza Hamidi Jahromi , Simona Di Fraia , Nicola Massarotti , Alessandro Mauro","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maintaining hygrothermal comfort and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in train cabins is crucial for the well-being of passengers and crew, particularly in mitigating the risks associated with airborne transmission. The Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems play a critical role in determining airflow patterns, thermal comfort indices, and the distribution of airborne particles. This study investigates the effects of varying return air intake ratios, a practical and non-structural modification, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Four HVAC configurations with different return air percentages (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, and 75 %) are assessed in terms of thermal comfort indices and the particles evacuation efficiency generated by a sneeze. The results reveal an optimal trade-off between thermal comfort and particle evacuation efficiency: low return intake (0 %) provides the best thermal comfort conditions; however, the optimal IAQ is achieved with a moderate return intake (50 %), which results in the highest particle evacuation rate (82.34 %) and significantly reduced particle deposition in critical areas, such as the seating zones. In contrast, a high return air intake (75 %) leads to recirculation zones that trap particles and hinder their removal, while a low return air intake increases the risk of particle deposition for passengers. This study underscores the importance of a multi-criteria approach in HVAC design for train cabins, emphasizing that configurations optimized solely for comfort may not ensure protection against airborne pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106718
Martin S. Graffigna , Ignacio R. Bartol , Mauricio E. Tano , Shaheen Azim Dewji
Simulating particle deposition in the respiratory tract requires high computational effort due to the intricate airway geometry and complex airflow–particle interactions. To address this challenge, this study introduces the first demonstration of Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) as a reduced-order model to infer the trajectories of inhaled particles during a breathing cycle and to evaluate the applicability of DMD as a fluid field interpolator. The periodic nature of respiration and the predominance of sinusoidal boundary conditions make it well-suited for DMD analysis. Three high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed under three different inlet volume airflow conditions for the same realistic adult male anthropomorphic phantom respiratory tract model. Reduced-rank DMD reconstructions were compared to the CFD ground truth, yielding a Mean Relative Error (MRE) of 12% in the velocity field. Additionally, a fourth simulation was conducted at an intermediate point to evaluate the interpolation capability of the parametric DMD framework in complex systems. This interpolation resulted in an MRE of 20%, with the reconstructed flow field capturing dominant fluid modes and overall dynamics, though localized discrepancies reached relative errors up to 70%.
While DMD effectively reconstructed fluid fields, preserving mean flow regimes, some deviations were observed in Lagrangian particle tracking, specifically in spatial deposition resolution. However, the method approximated overall particle distribution with an 85% correlation to ground truth and was effective in representing regional deposition patterns across the tracheobronchial tree. These findings support the utility of DMD a computationally efficient approach for fluid field reconstruction and particle transport analysis in respiratory flow simulations.
{"title":"Exploratory application of DMD for particle deposition and fluid field in the respiratory tract","authors":"Martin S. Graffigna , Ignacio R. Bartol , Mauricio E. Tano , Shaheen Azim Dewji","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Simulating particle deposition in the respiratory tract requires high computational effort due to the intricate airway geometry and complex airflow–particle interactions. To address this challenge, this study introduces the first demonstration of Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) as a reduced-order model to infer the trajectories of inhaled particles during a breathing cycle and to evaluate the applicability of DMD as a fluid field interpolator. The periodic nature of respiration and the predominance of sinusoidal boundary conditions make it well-suited for DMD analysis. Three high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed under three different inlet volume airflow conditions for the same realistic adult male anthropomorphic phantom respiratory tract model. Reduced-rank DMD reconstructions were compared to the CFD ground truth, yielding a Mean Relative Error (MRE) of 12% in the velocity field. Additionally, a fourth simulation was conducted at an intermediate point to evaluate the interpolation capability of the parametric DMD framework in complex systems. This interpolation resulted in an MRE of 20%, with the reconstructed flow field capturing dominant fluid modes and overall dynamics, though localized discrepancies reached relative errors up to 70%.</div><div>While DMD effectively reconstructed fluid fields, preserving mean flow regimes, some deviations were observed in Lagrangian particle tracking, specifically in spatial deposition resolution. However, the method approximated overall particle distribution with an 85% correlation to ground truth and was effective in representing regional deposition patterns across the tracheobronchial tree. These findings support the utility of DMD a computationally efficient approach for fluid field reconstruction and particle transport analysis in respiratory flow simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106718"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106719
Nohhyeon Kwak , Mohammad Washeem , Tara N. Gaire , Kristelle M. Mendoza , Erin L. Cortus , Carol Cardona , Noelle Noyes , Chang-Yu Wu , Jiayu Li
Bioaerosols are critical components of the atmospheric environment, yet their accurate characterization remains challenging due to the lack of a standardized sampling methodology. In this study, we compared three commonly used bioaerosol samplers— a swirling collector, a condensational growth tube collector, and a cascade impactor—to evaluate their performance in capturing bacterial diversity, community composition, and number concentrations at two distinct locations on a university campus. The bacterial communities were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results revealed significant differences in the bioaerosol number concentrations and the composition of bacterial communities across the samplers. Among the three samplers, the condensational growth tube collector recorded the highest overall concentration, with a lower alpha diversity than the other sampler types. Analysis of the 678 identified unique genera indicated that only 24 % were collected by all three samplers, underscoring that no single device can comprehensively represent airborne bacterial diversity. However, all three samplers consistently identified distinct locational differences in key bacterial taxa, notably the increased abundance of agriculture-associated genera near the livestock-rearing facility. This indicates that each sampler was able to capture and reveal dominant genera under different environments. PERM-ANOVA results showed that the type of bioaerosol sampler was responsible for more variance in bacterial community composition than sampling location, highlighting the dominant role of sampler selection in shaping observed microbial profiles. Overall, the variability in performance of samplers may be influenced by factors such as particle size distribution, bacterial community composition, sampling mechanism, and sampling medium. These findings underscore the critical importance of selecting appropriate bioaerosol sampling instruments based on targeted microbial communities and specific environmental conditions; the findings also provide a framework for refining sampling methodologies to enhance the accuracy and comparability of bioaerosol studies.
{"title":"Comparison of three bioaerosol samplers for bacterial diversity","authors":"Nohhyeon Kwak , Mohammad Washeem , Tara N. Gaire , Kristelle M. Mendoza , Erin L. Cortus , Carol Cardona , Noelle Noyes , Chang-Yu Wu , Jiayu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioaerosols are critical components of the atmospheric environment, yet their accurate characterization remains challenging due to the lack of a standardized sampling methodology. In this study, we compared three commonly used bioaerosol samplers— a swirling collector, a condensational growth tube collector, and a cascade impactor—to evaluate their performance in capturing bacterial diversity, community composition, and number concentrations at two distinct locations on a university campus. The bacterial communities were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results revealed significant differences in the bioaerosol number concentrations and the composition of bacterial communities across the samplers. Among the three samplers, the condensational growth tube collector recorded the highest overall concentration, with a lower alpha diversity than the other sampler types. Analysis of the 678 identified unique genera indicated that only 24 % were collected by all three samplers, underscoring that no single device can comprehensively represent airborne bacterial diversity. However, all three samplers consistently identified distinct locational differences in key bacterial taxa, notably the increased abundance of agriculture-associated genera near the livestock-rearing facility. This indicates that each sampler was able to capture and reveal dominant genera under different environments. PERM-ANOVA results showed that the type of bioaerosol sampler was responsible for more variance in bacterial community composition than sampling location, highlighting the dominant role of sampler selection in shaping observed microbial profiles. Overall, the variability in performance of samplers may be influenced by factors such as particle size distribution, bacterial community composition, sampling mechanism, and sampling medium. These findings underscore the critical importance of selecting appropriate bioaerosol sampling instruments based on targeted microbial communities and specific environmental conditions; the findings also provide a framework for refining sampling methodologies to enhance the accuracy and comparability of bioaerosol studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106717
Vahid Goodarzi Ardakani , Mojtaba Dorri , Bin Zang , Angela H. Nobbs , Stephen Cross , Alberto M. Gambaruto
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Computational and experimental investigation of an aerosol extraction device for use in dentistry” [J. Aerosol Sci. 183 (2025) 106478]","authors":"Vahid Goodarzi Ardakani , Mojtaba Dorri , Bin Zang , Angela H. Nobbs , Stephen Cross , Alberto M. Gambaruto","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106717","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106716
R. Lemaire , S. Menanteau
Laser-induced incandescence (LII) has become a workhorse of particulate measurement. Interpreting measured signals properly, while inferring soot properties and/or physical parameters needed for signal simulations, however, requires developing modeling tools capable of predicting the radiative emission from laser-heated soot. Although significant effort has gone into gaining an in-depth understanding of the physical processes driving the LII phenomenon, the validity of current models, which are based on soot unsteady nanoscale heat and mass balances, is still subject to large uncertainties. The variability in the results from different simulation tools notably stems from their widely diverging formulations and parameterizations. Efforts must thus be directed at determining the critical energy and mass balance mechanisms, formulating the equations accounting for these mechanisms, estimating underlying parameters, and proposing adapted model validation protocols. To address these issues, the present work, which first proposes a detailed review of LII modeling approaches commonly used in the literature, aims at assessing the predictive capability of a series of LII simulation tools against various published datasets. Overall, 21 model formulations and 236 parameterizations were tested, and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this benchmarking analysis ranks as the most comprehensive of its kind. This paper also includes sensitivity analyses focusing on the values and/or expressions used to represent the thermal and mass accommodation coefficients as well as the density, heat capacity and absorption properties of soot, while analyzing the impact of the formulation used to account for the annealing, oxidation, sublimation and thermionic emission processes. To conclude, the predictive capability of a comprehensive model integrating terms representing the saturation of linear, single- and multiphoton absorption processes, non-thermal photodesorption of carbon clusters and corrective factors accounting for the shielding effect and multiple scattering within aggregates, was evaluated against data collected in laminar and turbulent spray flames of gaseous and liquid fuels stabilized under both atmospheric and high-pressure conditions. Although this work does not set out to identify a model which should be considered as universally valid, it still contributes to highlighting the potential strengths and weaknesses of particular models and sub-models, depending on targeted applications, while proposing insights into how to parameterize them. The detailed analysis proposed should thus be of interest for the LII community, notably by paving the way for future experimental and modeling works to be undertaken in order to improve our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms at play during LII and determining the underlying parameters.
{"title":"Assessment of the predictive ability of standard and refined laser-induced incandescence models against experimental databases from the literature – A benchmarking analysis of commonly used modeling approaches","authors":"R. Lemaire , S. Menanteau","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser-induced incandescence (LII) has become a workhorse of particulate measurement. Interpreting measured signals properly, while inferring soot properties and/or physical parameters needed for signal simulations, however, requires developing modeling tools capable of predicting the radiative emission from laser-heated soot. Although significant effort has gone into gaining an in-depth understanding of the physical processes driving the LII phenomenon, the validity of current models, which are based on soot unsteady nanoscale heat and mass balances, is still subject to large uncertainties. The variability in the results from different simulation tools notably stems from their widely diverging formulations and parameterizations. Efforts must thus be directed at determining the critical energy and mass balance mechanisms, formulating the equations accounting for these mechanisms, estimating underlying parameters, and proposing adapted model validation protocols. To address these issues, the present work, which first proposes a detailed review of LII modeling approaches commonly used in the literature, aims at assessing the predictive capability of a series of LII simulation tools against various published datasets. Overall, 21 model formulations and 236 parameterizations were tested, and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this benchmarking analysis ranks as the most comprehensive of its kind. This paper also includes sensitivity analyses focusing on the values and/or expressions used to represent the thermal and mass accommodation coefficients as well as the density, heat capacity and absorption properties of soot, while analyzing the impact of the formulation used to account for the annealing, oxidation, sublimation and thermionic emission processes. To conclude, the predictive capability of a comprehensive model integrating terms representing the saturation of linear, single- and multiphoton absorption processes, non-thermal photodesorption of carbon clusters and corrective factors accounting for the shielding effect and multiple scattering within aggregates, was evaluated against data collected in laminar and turbulent spray flames of gaseous and liquid fuels stabilized under both atmospheric and high-pressure conditions. Although this work does not set out to identify a model which should be considered as universally valid, it still contributes to highlighting the potential strengths and weaknesses of particular models and sub-models, depending on targeted applications, while proposing insights into how to parameterize them. The detailed analysis proposed should thus be of interest for the LII community, notably by paving the way for future experimental and modeling works to be undertaken in order to improve our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms at play during LII and determining the underlying parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 106716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106714
Xiaotong Chen, Fei Zhou, Zhenzhong Zhang
As many reactors around the world are decommissioning, the prevention and control of radioactive aerosols during this process have emerged as a key challenge. Plasma arc cutting or simplified as plasma cutting is a widely-used decommissioning technique, during which aerosols are generated rapidly and variably. However, the temporal evolution and formation mechanisms of these aerosols are usually unknown, leading to uncertainties in aerosol pollution control. This study comprised a combination of a bipolar electric mobility particle sizer and optical particle sizer to measure aerosols in the size range of 10 nm–20 μm with high time resolution (≤1.5 min). The submicron aerosols show a bimodal particle number size distribution (PNSD) with the coexistence of a nucleation mode (<30 nm) and an accumulation mode (100–500 nm). Aerosol modeling indicates that evaporation-condensation and coagulation dominate particle growth, and nucleation-mode particles can be caused by ion-induced nucleation due to high concentration of ions in the plasma. The number concentration of aerosols produced by cutting carbon steel is the highest, while cutting aluminum is the lowest. The peak particle diameter from cutting carbon steel is the largest, and the aluminum the lowest in the size range of 100–200 nm. For carbon steel, the thickness of the plate exerts a negligible influence on the PNSDs, while the percentage of nucleation-mode particles is found to be significantly higher at 100 A current than at 50 A current. The ventilation can reduce the aerosol number concentration by one order of magnitude and suppress the growth of aerosols. The study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of the radioactive aerosol control (e.g., ventilation timing, current parameters, etc.) during the decommissioning cutting process.
{"title":"Temporal evolution and formation mechanisms of aerosols during plasma arc cutting","authors":"Xiaotong Chen, Fei Zhou, Zhenzhong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As many reactors around the world are decommissioning, the prevention and control of radioactive aerosols during this process have emerged as a key challenge. Plasma arc cutting or simplified as plasma cutting is a widely-used decommissioning technique, during which aerosols are generated rapidly and variably. However, the temporal evolution and formation mechanisms of these aerosols are usually unknown, leading to uncertainties in aerosol pollution control. This study comprised a combination of a bipolar electric mobility particle sizer and optical particle sizer to measure aerosols in the size range of 10 nm–20 μm with high time resolution (≤1.5 min). The submicron aerosols show a bimodal particle number size distribution (PNSD) with the coexistence of a nucleation mode (<30 nm) and an accumulation mode (100–500 nm). Aerosol modeling indicates that evaporation-condensation and coagulation dominate particle growth, and nucleation-mode particles can be caused by ion-induced nucleation due to high concentration of ions in the plasma. The number concentration of aerosols produced by cutting carbon steel is the highest, while cutting aluminum is the lowest. The peak particle diameter from cutting carbon steel is the largest, and the aluminum the lowest in the size range of 100–200 nm. For carbon steel, the thickness of the plate exerts a negligible influence on the PNSDs, while the percentage of nucleation-mode particles is found to be significantly higher at 100 A current than at 50 A current. The ventilation can reduce the aerosol number concentration by one order of magnitude and suppress the growth of aerosols. The study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of the radioactive aerosol control (e.g., ventilation timing, current parameters, etc.) during the decommissioning cutting process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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