Pub Date : 2014-07-27DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939292
R. A. Kordkheili, B. Bak‐Jensen, Jayakrishnan R-Pillai, P. Mahat
High penetration of photovoltaic panels in distribution grid can bring the grid to its operation limits. The main focus of the paper is to determine maximum photovoltaic penetration level in the grid. Three main criteria were investigated for determining maximum penetration level of PV panels; maximum voltage deviation of customers, cables current limits, and transformer nominal value. Voltage deviation of different buses was investigated for different penetration levels. The proposed model was simulated on a Danish distribution grid, considering grid parameters and operating condition in Denmark. Three different PV location scenarios were investigated for this grid: even distribution of PV panels, aggregation of panels at the beginning of each feeder, and aggregation of panels at the end of each feeder. Load modeling is done using Velander formula. Since PV generation is highest in the summer due to irradiation, a summer day was chosen to determine maximum PV penetration for the grid.
{"title":"Determining maximum photovoltaic penetration in a distribution grid considering grid operation limits","authors":"R. A. Kordkheili, B. Bak‐Jensen, Jayakrishnan R-Pillai, P. Mahat","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939292","url":null,"abstract":"High penetration of photovoltaic panels in distribution grid can bring the grid to its operation limits. The main focus of the paper is to determine maximum photovoltaic penetration level in the grid. Three main criteria were investigated for determining maximum penetration level of PV panels; maximum voltage deviation of customers, cables current limits, and transformer nominal value. Voltage deviation of different buses was investigated for different penetration levels. The proposed model was simulated on a Danish distribution grid, considering grid parameters and operating condition in Denmark. Three different PV location scenarios were investigated for this grid: even distribution of PV panels, aggregation of panels at the beginning of each feeder, and aggregation of panels at the end of each feeder. Load modeling is done using Velander formula. Since PV generation is highest in the summer due to irradiation, a summer day was chosen to determine maximum PV penetration for the grid.","PeriodicalId":149134,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124268632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-27DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939345
Yan Li, Wenzhong Gao, Jiuchun Jiang
Generation dynamics and load dynamics plays an important role in the small signal stability analysis of Microgrids, especially for the islanded operation mode. It is essential for a Microgrid to maintain small signal stability characteristics under small changes of operating conditions caused by generation variations or load fluctuations. In this paper, a novel approach based on matrix perturbation theory (MPT) is proposed for the computation of eigen-solutions in a perturbed Microgrid system. Rigorous theoretical analysis is conducted on the distinct and multiple eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors respectively under perturbations of generation or load. The computational flowchart of the system eigen-solutions is then proposed, aimed at obtaining eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a perturbed system without solving an eigenvalue problem repeatedly. Finally, the effectiveness of the matrix perturbation based approach for eigen-solutions' analysis are tested via a low-voltage Microgrid prototype.
{"title":"Stability analysis of microgrids with multiple DER units and variable loads based on MPT","authors":"Yan Li, Wenzhong Gao, Jiuchun Jiang","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939345","url":null,"abstract":"Generation dynamics and load dynamics plays an important role in the small signal stability analysis of Microgrids, especially for the islanded operation mode. It is essential for a Microgrid to maintain small signal stability characteristics under small changes of operating conditions caused by generation variations or load fluctuations. In this paper, a novel approach based on matrix perturbation theory (MPT) is proposed for the computation of eigen-solutions in a perturbed Microgrid system. Rigorous theoretical analysis is conducted on the distinct and multiple eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors respectively under perturbations of generation or load. The computational flowchart of the system eigen-solutions is then proposed, aimed at obtaining eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a perturbed system without solving an eigenvalue problem repeatedly. Finally, the effectiveness of the matrix perturbation based approach for eigen-solutions' analysis are tested via a low-voltage Microgrid prototype.","PeriodicalId":149134,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114852621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-27DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6938950
Yu Zhao, O. Krause, T. Saha, Yong Li
The fault current limiting performance of flux-lock type High Temperature Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (HT-SFCL) is largely determined by the characteristic of the two coils on the iron core, including the direction of the windings, number of turns, the coupling coefficient, etc. In this paper the fundamental working principle of the flux-lock type SFCL is analyzed, considering parameters such as the iron core structure, the coils and HTS material characteristics. Then by means of PSCAD/EMTDC, the time domain model of SFCL is presented based on the theoretical analysis. Finally, simulations focusing on the coils characteristics are developed to analyze their impacts on SFCL's current limiting performance.
{"title":"Performance analysis of flux-lock type SFCL influenced by characteristics of two coils","authors":"Yu Zhao, O. Krause, T. Saha, Yong Li","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2014.6938950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2014.6938950","url":null,"abstract":"The fault current limiting performance of flux-lock type High Temperature Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (HT-SFCL) is largely determined by the characteristic of the two coils on the iron core, including the direction of the windings, number of turns, the coupling coefficient, etc. In this paper the fundamental working principle of the flux-lock type SFCL is analyzed, considering parameters such as the iron core structure, the coils and HTS material characteristics. Then by means of PSCAD/EMTDC, the time domain model of SFCL is presented based on the theoretical analysis. Finally, simulations focusing on the coils characteristics are developed to analyze their impacts on SFCL's current limiting performance.","PeriodicalId":149134,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114629161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-27DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6938901
Eero Saarijärvi, M. Koivisto, J. Millar, M. Lehtonen, J. Niskanen
This paper applies logistic regression to network fault statistics and geographic information. The logistic regression model is further processed in order to obtain raster formatted fault rate surfaces that aid network planning, e.g., in automated routines or as background maps. The fault rate surfaces are applied as a part of an automated network planning routine planning case based on real network data from the same distribution system operator as the fault data. The results can help in the planning of more reliable, yet economically feasible, power distribution networks.
{"title":"Generating fault rate surfaces using network fault statistics and geographic information","authors":"Eero Saarijärvi, M. Koivisto, J. Millar, M. Lehtonen, J. Niskanen","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2014.6938901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2014.6938901","url":null,"abstract":"This paper applies logistic regression to network fault statistics and geographic information. The logistic regression model is further processed in order to obtain raster formatted fault rate surfaces that aid network planning, e.g., in automated routines or as background maps. The fault rate surfaces are applied as a part of an automated network planning routine planning case based on real network data from the same distribution system operator as the fault data. The results can help in the planning of more reliable, yet economically feasible, power distribution networks.","PeriodicalId":149134,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114666366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-27DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939879
Haili Song, T. Zheng, Hongrui Liu, Hui Zhang
Maintaining certain amount of reserves in the realtime electricity market is an important task to ensure the reliability of the grid operation. The traditional reserve designation method calculates the reserve capability of a resource based on its average ramp rate, which may misrepresent the true reserve capacity of the system. System reliability and economics could be affected by such misrepresentation under certain conditions. This paper proposes an efficient MW-dependent ramp rate reserve model that utilizes the ramp rate of a generator at its energy desired dispatch point (DDP) in calculating reserve, which accurately reflects the true reserve capacity of the system in real time. The proposed model is prototyped in ISO New England's real time market and the solution is demonstrated to be more accurate and efficient, thus improving the market operation's efficiency and reliability.
{"title":"Modeling MW-dependent ramp rate in the electricity market","authors":"Haili Song, T. Zheng, Hongrui Liu, Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939879","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining certain amount of reserves in the realtime electricity market is an important task to ensure the reliability of the grid operation. The traditional reserve designation method calculates the reserve capability of a resource based on its average ramp rate, which may misrepresent the true reserve capacity of the system. System reliability and economics could be affected by such misrepresentation under certain conditions. This paper proposes an efficient MW-dependent ramp rate reserve model that utilizes the ramp rate of a generator at its energy desired dispatch point (DDP) in calculating reserve, which accurately reflects the true reserve capacity of the system in real time. The proposed model is prototyped in ISO New England's real time market and the solution is demonstrated to be more accurate and efficient, thus improving the market operation's efficiency and reliability.","PeriodicalId":149134,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117063129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-27DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939385
Chengshan Wang, Hao Yu, Peng Li, Chengdi Ding, G. Song, X. Fu, Chongbo Sun, Kai Yuan
Model reduction is a popular trend in large-scale system simulations. It is also an effective way to improve the efficiency of distribution system simulations. In this paper, the realization of state-space-based model reduction methods in EMTP-type programs is presented. The state-space model of linear time-invariant distribution network is reduced and simulated with the detailed nodal model in EMTP-type programs. The combined state-space nodal analysis algorithm is adopted as the interface between the state-space models and the nodal models. Simulations are performed to show the feasibility and validity of the proposed method, and the improvement in efficiency with the application of model reduction.
{"title":"EMTP-type realization of model reduction algorithms for transient simulation of distribution networks","authors":"Chengshan Wang, Hao Yu, Peng Li, Chengdi Ding, G. Song, X. Fu, Chongbo Sun, Kai Yuan","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939385","url":null,"abstract":"Model reduction is a popular trend in large-scale system simulations. It is also an effective way to improve the efficiency of distribution system simulations. In this paper, the realization of state-space-based model reduction methods in EMTP-type programs is presented. The state-space model of linear time-invariant distribution network is reduced and simulated with the detailed nodal model in EMTP-type programs. The combined state-space nodal analysis algorithm is adopted as the interface between the state-space models and the nodal models. Simulations are performed to show the feasibility and validity of the proposed method, and the improvement in efficiency with the application of model reduction.","PeriodicalId":149134,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116248693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-27DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939165
Sandeep Kaur, G. Kumbhar, J. Sharma
Distribution system loss reduction is one of the prime objectives for planning of distributed generation. To minimize the losses, optimal sizing and siting of distributed generators (DGs) is critically important. In this paper, the nonlinear and non-convex optimization problem of placement DG units is solved using two methods, namely Mixed Integer Non-linear Programming (MINLP) and heuristic approach based Improved Harmony Search (IHS). Both MINLP and IHS based algorithms are implemented for optimal placement of single and multiple DG units capable of delivering either real or both real and reactive power. In MINLP formulation, the potential locations are obtained by sensitivity analysis to reduce the search space and then the problem is solved for optimal sizes and locations. The results are also obtained with IHS due to its non-monotonic solution surface. The proposed optimization approaches are tested on IEEE 33-bus distribution system. The results of proposed formulations are compared with Improved Analytical (IA) approach. Improved solutions and moderate computational time confirms the potential of MINLP based formulation.
{"title":"Performance of Mixed Integer Non-linear Programming and Improved Harmony Search for optimal placement of DG units","authors":"Sandeep Kaur, G. Kumbhar, J. Sharma","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939165","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution system loss reduction is one of the prime objectives for planning of distributed generation. To minimize the losses, optimal sizing and siting of distributed generators (DGs) is critically important. In this paper, the nonlinear and non-convex optimization problem of placement DG units is solved using two methods, namely Mixed Integer Non-linear Programming (MINLP) and heuristic approach based Improved Harmony Search (IHS). Both MINLP and IHS based algorithms are implemented for optimal placement of single and multiple DG units capable of delivering either real or both real and reactive power. In MINLP formulation, the potential locations are obtained by sensitivity analysis to reduce the search space and then the problem is solved for optimal sizes and locations. The results are also obtained with IHS due to its non-monotonic solution surface. The proposed optimization approaches are tested on IEEE 33-bus distribution system. The results of proposed formulations are compared with Improved Analytical (IA) approach. Improved solutions and moderate computational time confirms the potential of MINLP based formulation.","PeriodicalId":149134,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition","volume":"101 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116292407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-27DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939530
Hao Liang, I. Sharma, W. Zhuang, Kankar Bhattacharya
Charging stations are critical infrastructure for the integration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in the future distribution systems. With a steadily increasing PEV penetration level, the PEV charging demands of charging stations are expected to constitute a significant portion of the total electric power demands. An accurate estimation of PEV charging demands is crucial for the planning and operation of future distribution systems. However, the estimation remains a challenging issue, as the charging demands of nearby charging stations are closely correlated to each other and depend on vehicle drivers' response to charging prices. The evaluation of charging demands is further complicated by the highly dynamic vehicle mobility, which results in random PEV arrivals and departures. In order to address these challenges, a BCMP queueing network model is presented in this paper, in which each charging station is modeled as a service center with multiple servers (chargers) and PEVs are modeled as the customers in the service centers. Based on the stationary distribution of the number of PEVs in each charging station, the statistics of PEV charging demands can be obtained. The analytical model is validated by a case study based on realistic vehicle statistics extracted from 2009 National Household Travel Survey and New York State Transportation Federation Traffic Data Viewer.
{"title":"Plug-in electric vehicle charging demand estimation based on queueing network analysis","authors":"Hao Liang, I. Sharma, W. Zhuang, Kankar Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939530","url":null,"abstract":"Charging stations are critical infrastructure for the integration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in the future distribution systems. With a steadily increasing PEV penetration level, the PEV charging demands of charging stations are expected to constitute a significant portion of the total electric power demands. An accurate estimation of PEV charging demands is crucial for the planning and operation of future distribution systems. However, the estimation remains a challenging issue, as the charging demands of nearby charging stations are closely correlated to each other and depend on vehicle drivers' response to charging prices. The evaluation of charging demands is further complicated by the highly dynamic vehicle mobility, which results in random PEV arrivals and departures. In order to address these challenges, a BCMP queueing network model is presented in this paper, in which each charging station is modeled as a service center with multiple servers (chargers) and PEVs are modeled as the customers in the service centers. Based on the stationary distribution of the number of PEVs in each charging station, the statistics of PEV charging demands can be obtained. The analytical model is validated by a case study based on realistic vehicle statistics extracted from 2009 National Household Travel Survey and New York State Transportation Federation Traffic Data Viewer.","PeriodicalId":149134,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116316907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-27DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939185
Chunyi Guo, Chengyong Zhao, Xiuyu Chen
A dual-infeed HVDC with LCC inverter and VSC rectifier at the same busbar is investigated. The impact of VSC rectifier on LCC inverter is quantified by the “Apparent Increase in Short Circuit Ratio” or AISCR index. Then, steady state and transient aspects, such as the maximum available power (MAP), temporary over-voltage (TOV), "Commutation Failure Immunity Index" (CFII), and fault recovery performance are considered in the system performance analysis. The results show that, the VSC rectifier has the ability to improve the maximum available power, regulate the ac voltage, and enhance commutation failure immunity of LCC inverter. Moreover, compared with the dual-infeed HVDC with VSC and LCC both inverters, the VSC rectifier provides more contribution to the performance improvement of LCC converter.
{"title":"Analysis of dual-infeed HVDC with LCC inverter and VSC rectifier","authors":"Chunyi Guo, Chengyong Zhao, Xiuyu Chen","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939185","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-infeed HVDC with LCC inverter and VSC rectifier at the same busbar is investigated. The impact of VSC rectifier on LCC inverter is quantified by the “Apparent Increase in Short Circuit Ratio” or AISCR index. Then, steady state and transient aspects, such as the maximum available power (MAP), temporary over-voltage (TOV), \"Commutation Failure Immunity Index\" (CFII), and fault recovery performance are considered in the system performance analysis. The results show that, the VSC rectifier has the ability to improve the maximum available power, regulate the ac voltage, and enhance commutation failure immunity of LCC inverter. Moreover, compared with the dual-infeed HVDC with VSC and LCC both inverters, the VSC rectifier provides more contribution to the performance improvement of LCC converter.","PeriodicalId":149134,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116449404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-27DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939782
R. Bulbul, C. Ten, A. Ginter
Online N - 1 or higher order contingencies presented at the control center console are enforced to ensure that the system can withstand a sudden disturbance under abnormal operating conditions. As the communication has evolved toward IP-based platform that further integrates with the physical facilities of substation protection, a potential cyberattack upon certain protection schemes can weaken the system operating conditions. Bus differential relays are one of the protection schemes that can de-energize and isolate partial/entire substation from the system due to the large number of components connected to it. The reverse pyramid model (RPM) is proposed in this work to systematically enumerate the combinations of hypothesized electrical disconnection protected by busbar differential relays in a substation. Two metrics are introduced: (1) bottleneck combination list and (2) risk index for individual busbars. These indices are provided to help dispatchers in the control centers with systems security readiness and decision making.
{"title":"Risk evaluation for hypothesized multiple busbar outages","authors":"R. Bulbul, C. Ten, A. Ginter","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939782","url":null,"abstract":"Online N - 1 or higher order contingencies presented at the control center console are enforced to ensure that the system can withstand a sudden disturbance under abnormal operating conditions. As the communication has evolved toward IP-based platform that further integrates with the physical facilities of substation protection, a potential cyberattack upon certain protection schemes can weaken the system operating conditions. Bus differential relays are one of the protection schemes that can de-energize and isolate partial/entire substation from the system due to the large number of components connected to it. The reverse pyramid model (RPM) is proposed in this work to systematically enumerate the combinations of hypothesized electrical disconnection protected by busbar differential relays in a substation. Two metrics are introduced: (1) bottleneck combination list and (2) risk index for individual busbars. These indices are provided to help dispatchers in the control centers with systems security readiness and decision making.","PeriodicalId":149134,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121913633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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