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2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition最新文献

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Intra-plant reactive power-voltage control: Practices, drawbacks and challenges 厂内无功电压控制:实践、缺陷与挑战
Pub Date : 2014-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939176
J. Dragosavac, Ž. Janda, D. Arnautović, S. Awadallah, J. Milanović
The paper discusses reactive power-voltage (Q-V) control in a multi-machine steam power plant (SPP). After briefly introducing some of the basic characteristics of synchronous generator's voltage control through automatic voltage regulators, the practices of widely applied manual voltage references setting for Q-V control in SPP is illustrated through several examples of SPP response recorded at site. Further the case studies were developed with the emphasis on the drawbacks of manual intra-plant Q-V control by building a mathematical model of realistic SPP in Matlab-Simulink. Relying on noticed drawbacks the paper highlights the requirements for enhancing SPP reactive power response and voltage support to the power system by coordinated Q-V control at power plant level. Finally, the paper illustrates the achieved performances of coordinated Q-V controller in real SPP.
本文讨论了多机蒸汽发电厂(SPP)的无功电压控制。在简要介绍了通过自动调压器控制同步发电机电压的一些基本特点之后,通过现场记录的几个SPP响应实例,说明了在SPP中广泛应用的手动设定参考电压来控制Q-V的做法。通过在Matlab-Simulink中建立实际SPP的数学模型,进一步研究了人工厂内Q-V控制的缺点。针对已注意到的不足,提出了在电厂层面通过Q-V协调控制提高SPP无功响应和对电力系统电压支持的要求。最后,给出了在实际SPP中所实现的Q-V协调控制器的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of linear loss models — A New Zealand perspective 线性损失模型分析-新西兰视角
Pub Date : 2014-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6938908
B. Chakrabarti, D. Goodwin, R. Rayudu
The New Zealand Electricity Market (NZEM) is a locational marginal price (LMP) market. The market clearing engine, called Scheduling Pricing and Dispatch (SPD), is based on security constrained DC OPF and is formulated as a Linear programming problem (LPP). There are significant differences between how SPD calculates the LMPs at each node and those calculated in many other LMP markets. In the NZEM, the LMP which is the dual variable associated with power balance equality constraint captures all three cost components readily available in the SPD solution. These three components are marginal cost of generation, marginal cost of losses and the marginal cost of network congestion. SPD currently uses a piece-wise linear loss model to capture the losses of each branch. The objective of this paper is to present difference in losses with the number of linear loss segments, and highlight the problems encountered by such models.
新西兰电力市场(NZEM)是一个区位边际价格(LMP)市场。市场清算引擎,称为调度定价与调度(SPD),是基于安全约束的DC OPF,并被表述为线性规划问题(LPP)。SPD在每个节点计算LMP的方式与在许多其他LMP市场中计算LMP的方式存在显著差异。在NZEM中,LMP是与功率平衡等式约束相关的双变量,它捕获了SPD解决方案中可用的所有三个成本组件。这三个组成部分分别是边际发电成本、边际损失成本和边际网络拥塞成本。SPD目前使用分段线性损耗模型来捕获每个支路的损耗。本文的目的是呈现损失随线性损失段数量的差异,并突出这类模型遇到的问题。
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引用次数: 3
Distributed Flywheel Energy Storage Systems for mitigating the effects of pulsed loads 用于减轻脉冲负载影响的分布式飞轮储能系统
Pub Date : 2014-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939822
A. Elsayed, O. Mohammed
This paper presents a distributed Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) for mitigating the effects of pulsed loads such as those exist in Shipboard Power Systems (SPS). A comparison between distributed and centralized allocation of FESS was provided with and without the utilization of ultra-capacitors on the DC side. A model for hybrid AC/DC SPS with zonal distribution architecture was built in a simulation software. In order to accurately evaluate the performance of the system, three different case studies are presented with and without the FESS. The results of each case are analyzed and discussed. It can be shown that the distributed allocation of FESS can reduce the overloading on the generators and frequency fluctuations.
本文提出了一种分布式飞轮储能系统(FESS),以减轻舰船电力系统(SPS)中存在的脉冲负荷的影响。在直流侧使用超级电容器和不使用超级电容器的情况下,对FESS的分布式和集中式配置进行了比较。在仿真软件中建立了具有分区分布结构的交直流混合动力系统模型。为了准确地评估系统的性能,给出了使用和不使用FESS的三个不同的案例研究。对每个案例的结果进行了分析和讨论。结果表明,FESS的分布式分配可以减少发电机的过载和频率波动。
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引用次数: 10
Dynamic behaviour of a population of controlled-by-price demand side resources 受价格控制的需求侧资源群体的动态行为
Pub Date : 2014-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939320
F. Sossan, Xue Han, H. Bindner
It is described that controlling or shedding by price the power consumption of a population of thermostatic loads introduces in the aggregate consumption dynamic effects that cannot be disregarded if electrical flexible demand is meant to supply power system services. It is shown that inducing a desynchronization in the consumption contributes to damp the oscillations. Results are supported by Monte Carlo simulations of a population of buildings equipped with electric space heating whose consumption is indirect controlled by a dynamic price of the electricity.
本文描述了通过价格控制或减少一群恒温负荷的用电量在总用电量中引入了不可忽视的动态效应,如果电力灵活需求是为了提供电力系统服务。结果表明,在消耗中诱导非同步性有助于抑制振荡。蒙特卡罗模拟的结果支持了一群配备电空间供暖的建筑物,其消耗由动态电价间接控制。
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引用次数: 6
A holistic approach for planning natural gas and electricity distribution networks 天然气和电力分配网络的整体规划方法
Pub Date : 2014-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939864
C. A. Saldarriaga, R. A. Hincapié, H. Salazar
Summary form only given. This paper presents a new planning expansion model of an electricity and natural gas distribution system that has high penetration of distributed generation based on natural gas. The model entails lower investment costs as compared to traditional planning models that consider both systems (electricity and natural gas) as independent networks. This model is especially convenient for utilities that own both systems, as electricity and natural gas customers can derive benefits (via electricity or natural gas tariffs) if there are significant savings in investment costs. For fast-growing economies, the merging of electricity and natural gas distribution systems is seen as a promising business opportunity in which economies of scope can have lower investment costs, so there is a definite need for this type of approach.
只提供摘要形式。提出了一种基于天然气的分布式发电渗透率高的电力天然气配电网规划扩展模型。与将两个系统(电力和天然气)视为独立网络的传统规划模型相比,该模型需要更低的投资成本。这种模式对于同时拥有这两个系统的公用事业公司来说特别方便,因为如果投资成本显著降低,电力和天然气客户可以获得利益(通过电力或天然气关税)。对于快速增长的经济体,电力和天然气分配系统的合并被视为一个有前途的商业机会,其中范围经济可以降低投资成本,因此明确需要这种方法。
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引用次数: 50
Low-order robust damping controller design for large-scale PV power plants 大型光伏电站低阶鲁棒阻尼控制器设计
Pub Date : 2014-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6938914
R. Shah, N. Mithulananthan, Kwang.Y. Lee
The paper presents a method of designing a low order robust wide-area damping controller (WADC) for large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants. The controller design procedure is focused on designing a second-order wide-area damping controller by convex optimization method. A Hankel singular value (HSV) based hybrid signal selection method is also proposed for optimal selection of the control signal. The performance of the synthesized controller is investigated on a 16-machine 68-bus system, typically used for power system oscillation studies.
提出了一种针对大型光伏电站的低阶鲁棒广域阻尼控制器的设计方法。控制器的设计过程主要是利用凸优化方法设计二阶广域阻尼控制器。提出了一种基于Hankel奇异值(HSV)的混合信号选择方法,用于控制信号的最优选择。在一个典型的用于电力系统振荡研究的16机68总线系统上研究了综合控制器的性能。
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引用次数: 5
Modeling and analysis of an ePFC (enhanced power flow controller) with conduction angle control 带导通角控制的增强型功率流控制器的建模与分析
Pub Date : 2014-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939487
Alekhya Vaddiraj, M. Manjrekar
Series Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices have been employed to increase power transfer capability of transmission networks and to provide direct control of power flow over designated transmission routes. However, high costs and reliability concerns associated with implementing one large FACTS device capable of altering the power flow in a wide transmission network have limited widespread deployment of FACTS solutions. Recently, concept of Distributed FACTS (D-FACTS) was proposed as an alternative approach to realize cost-effective power flow control through multiple, small, fixed series impedance injections. This paper extends the functionality of D-FACTS concept by introducing variability in impedance injection of D-FACTS devices, thereby improving their controllability. Furthermore, this paper also presents a more detailed analytical treatment of such a topology termed enhanced Power Flow Controller (ePFC). It is shown that employing 1st order (assume s sinusoidal voltage across compensation capacitor) and 2nd order (assumes sinusoidal current in the transmission line) fundamental impedance model are inaccurate methods to analyze effective impedance inserted by ePFC. Instead, a new mathematical model that is based on sinusoidal voltage difference between two end buses is proposed. The efficacy of this approach and its advantages as compared to existing models are presented.
系列柔性交流输电系统(FACTS)设备已被用于提高输电网络的电力传输能力,并在指定的输电路线上提供对潮流的直接控制。然而,高成本和可靠性问题与实施一个能够改变大输电网中潮流的大型FACTS设备有关,限制了FACTS解决方案的广泛部署。最近,分布式事实(Distributed FACTS, D-FACTS)的概念被提出,作为通过多个、小的、固定的串联阻抗注入实现经济有效的潮流控制的替代方法。本文通过在D-FACTS器件的阻抗注入中引入可变性来扩展D-FACTS概念的功能,从而提高其可控性。此外,本文还提出了一个更详细的分析处理这种拓扑称为增强功率流控制器(ePFC)。结果表明,采用一阶(假设补偿电容两端电压为正弦)和二阶(假设传输线电流为正弦)基阻抗模型来分析ePFC插入的有效阻抗是不准确的。相反,提出了一种新的基于两端母线之间正弦电压差的数学模型。介绍了该方法的有效性及其与现有模型相比的优势。
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引用次数: 6
Dynamic Security assessment: Challenges (An European TSO perspective) 动态安全评估:挑战(欧洲TSO视角)
Pub Date : 2014-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6938852
P. Panciatici, J. Heyberger, Gabriel Bareux
Summary form only given. The complexity of the power systems is increasing. More and more generations based on renewable energy are installed in the system. Some are dispersed (PV in distribution system) or others far way from load centers (off shore wind). They are generally intermittent (day ahead forecasts are not very accurate). TSOs have a lot of difficulties to build overhead power lines. People don't like their impact on the landscape and they are now afraid of hypothetical effect of EMF on health. We must use more complex solutions: numerous Phase Shifters Transformers, upgrades of existing corridors by using new conductors (ACSS), underground cables, HVDC links embedded in AC systems. The Single European Electricity market is an optimizer which maximizes the use of existing assets, pushing the system to its limits. To operate such a very large and complex system, new tools are needed to help operators to make decisions. One of the challenges is the very large scale, the full European system must be taken into account, electrical phenomena don't stop at administrative borders, (10000 electrical buses, 2000 generators, 100 PSTs, 10 HVDC links, ...). More and more post-fault actions are implemented to control the system using topological actions and flexible devices (PST, HVDC link,). In iTesla, ongoing project funded by the European Commission, we propose to develop a platform to offer solutions to tackle some of these issues. The Online Security Assessment is based on “Dynamic Security Assessment”. Corrective or remedial actions are performed after the occurrence of a fault, they are post-fault actions. The actions are event-based or measurement-based. They are implemented via automatic devices (SPS) or human actions (operating rules in control rooms). Interactions between these multi-actions can't be easily understood without a time domain simulation. The possible failure of one of these corrective actions implemented through IT systems which can't be considered as hundred percent reliable, must be considered. Moreover, post-fault steady states depend on the trajectory and can't any longer be computed using a conventional power flow. We are operating the system with less margin and unstable dynamic phenomena could appear (for example, poorly damped inter area oscillation). Local dynamic problems (for example, Voltage collapse or transient stability issue) could initiate a cascade of events leading to a very large blackout. The only practical tool available today to assess these possible phenomena is time domain simulation. This time domain simulation must cover the whole Pan-European system which is a very large system (around 125.000 state variables); this is also a tough mathematical problem: Non-linear, stiff, oscillating, poorly damped, discontinuous... The first challenge is to find the appropriate tradeoff between three conflicting requirements: speed of computation, the accuracy and the flexibility. We want a computation time as s
只提供摘要形式。电力系统的复杂性日益增加。越来越多的基于可再生能源的发电机组被安装到该系统中。一些是分散的(光伏在配电系统)或其他远离负荷中心(离岸风)。它们通常是断断续续的(前一天的预测不是很准确)。tso在建设架空输电线路时遇到了很多困难。人们不喜欢它们对景观的影响,他们现在害怕电磁场对健康的假想影响。我们必须使用更复杂的解决方案:大量的移相变压器,使用新导体(ACSS)升级现有走廊,地下电缆,在交流系统中嵌入HVDC链接。单一欧洲电力市场是一个优化器,它最大限度地利用现有资产,将系统推向其极限。为了操作如此庞大而复杂的系统,需要新的工具来帮助作业者做出决策。其中一个挑战是非常大的规模,必须考虑到整个欧洲系统,电气现象不会停留在行政边界,(10000辆电动公交车,2000台发电机,100个pst, 10个HVDC链接,…)。越来越多的故障后动作采用拓扑动作和柔性设备(PST、HVDC链路、)来控制系统。在由欧盟委员会资助的iTesla项目中,我们建议开发一个平台,提供解决其中一些问题的解决方案。在线安全评估基于“动态安全评估”。纠正或补救操作是在故障发生后执行的,它们是故障后操作。这些操作是基于事件的或基于度量的。它们通过自动设备(SPS)或人为操作(控制室的操作规则)实现。如果没有时域仿真,这些多动作之间的交互就不容易理解。必须考虑通过IT系统实施的这些纠正措施中的一个可能的失败,这些纠正措施不能被认为是百分之百可靠的。此外,故障后的稳定状态依赖于轨迹,不能再用传统的潮流计算。我们在较小裕度的情况下操作系统,可能会出现不稳定的动态现象(例如,不良阻尼的区域间振荡)。局部动态问题(例如,电压崩溃或瞬态稳定性问题)可能引发一系列事件,导致大面积停电。目前唯一可用来评估这些可能现象的实用工具是时域模拟。这个时域模拟必须覆盖整个泛欧系统,这是一个非常大的系统(大约125000个状态变量);这也是一个棘手的数学问题:非线性、僵硬、振荡、不良阻尼、不连续……第一个挑战是在三个相互冲突的需求之间找到适当的权衡:计算速度、准确性和灵活性。我们希望计算时间越短越好;该工具是实时、短期(几个小时)决策过程的核心,或者它被嵌入到离线MonteCarlo模拟中。我们想要一个合理准确的解决方案;我们倾向于稍微保守一点,我们需要避免物理不稳定系统的数值稳定,这是一个真正的挑战。我们必须能够轻松地对新设备和保护/控制进行建模。系统中安装了一些非常具体的组件、保护和控制。我们需要一种灵活的方法来使用基于方程的建模来描述它们的行为,而不再只是输入硬编码方程的参数。第二个挑战是“准确性”。为了确保可靠的评估,模型的验证是至关重要的,但是如何在远离标称条件的情况下执行这种验证?严格的数据管理也是必须的。我们必须管理更多的数据和描述动态行为的非常技术性的数据。单个参数的不正确值可能导致非常不同的结果。一个被公司内所有团队(计划、维护、运营)广泛使用的独特数据库是一个先决条件,由一个专门的专家团队管理,以确保数据质量。第三个挑战是“初始化过程”。对于实时和接近实时的DSA,目前的做法是使用状态估计器的结果初始化动态模型。当系统处于应力状态时,估计的电压和电流并不是100%准确,并且某些动态状态可能超出动态模型所隐藏的限制。不幸的是,当需要DSA时,这个初始化过程可能会失败。这种情况在电力电子设备中更为常见。此外,这个过程不能考虑记忆效应;例如,如果预应急状态不是一个“正常”的稳定状态:如果一些过电压激励被激活。
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引用次数: 4
An LFB-based algorithm for fast recovery of a power system from contingencies 基于lfb的电力系统突发事件快速恢复算法
Pub Date : 2014-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939788
Y. Tohidi, A. Safdarian, M. Hesamzadeh
Power systems are becoming older and more intense. Thus, disturbances are inevitable and it is important to develop a powerful methodology to lessen the damages afterward. This paper proposes a new linear formulation based on an approximated version of AC power flow model to compromise between speed and accuracy of decision making process. In the proposed method, voltage and reactive power violations as well as transmission system overloads are alleviated by either or both of generation rescheduling and load shedding. The developed method adopts the line flows and square of voltage magnitudes as the problem state variables. Simulation results on the IEEE-RTS96 system reveal that the proposed method outperforms both the conventional and heuristic approaches from the execution time and the computational effort viewpoints while keeping the accuracy of the results.
电力系统正变得越来越老旧和紧张。因此,干扰是不可避免的,重要的是要发展一种强有力的方法来减少事后的损害。本文提出了一种新的基于近似交流潮流模型的线性公式,以折衷决策过程的速度和准确性。在该方法中,电压和无功违规以及输电系统过载可以通过发电重调度和减载任一或两者来缓解。该方法采用线流和电压幅值的平方作为问题状态变量。在IEEE-RTS96系统上的仿真结果表明,该方法在保持结果准确性的前提下,在执行时间和计算量方面都优于传统方法和启发式方法。
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引用次数: 0
A novel strategy for failure-tolerant communication in smart grids 一种新的智能电网容错通信策略
Pub Date : 2014-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939516
C. Nguyen, A. Flueck
The goal of this paper is to present a robust survivability strategy for the communication network in smart grids when communication failure happens because (1) communication failure is inevitable, (2) communication failure can impact smart grid performance. A communication failure can be temporary or permanent. A temporary failure is often caused by electromagnetic interference, storms, obstructions, and other temporary factors while a permanent failure is usually due to terminal or transmitter breakdown. A communication failure causes temporary or permanent unavailability of the communication link. Thus, the message broadcasted from the sending device may never reach the intended receiving device. A simple but realistic strategy will be proposed to model communication failure in a smart grid simulation test bed. Then, a solution to overcome the communication failure will be presented. The strategy will be tested on the modified IEEE 34 node test feeder.
本文的目标是针对(1)通信故障是不可避免的,(2)通信故障会影响智能电网的性能,提出一种智能电网中通信网络在发生通信故障时的鲁棒生存策略。通信故障可能是暂时的,也可能是永久的。临时故障通常是由电磁干扰、风暴、障碍物和其他临时因素引起的,而永久故障通常是由于终端或发射机故障引起的。通信故障导致通信链路暂时或永久不可用。因此,从发送设备广播的消息可能永远不会到达预期的接收设备。本文将提出一种简单而现实的策略来模拟智能电网仿真试验台中的通信故障。然后,提出了克服通信故障的解决方案。该策略将在改进的IEEE 34节点测试馈线上进行测试。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition
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