Dongcheol Song, Jihwan Lee, yoonjeong Yoo, Hanjin Oh, Seyeon Chang, Jaewoo An, Sehyun Park, Kyeongho Jeon, Younghyun Cho, Yohan Yoon, Jinho Cho
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mono- and multi-strain LAB probiotics on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal noxious gas emission, intestinal microbiota and intestinal morphology of weaning pigs challenged with or without Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enterica (SE). In Exp. 1, a total of 60 crossbred weaning pigs were randomly allotted to one of five dietary treatments. The dietary treatments included: NC (negative control; basal diet with no supplement), PC (positive control; basal diet with 0.01% Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) containing 1.0 × 108 CFU/g), K (basal diet with 0.1% Pediococcus acidilactici K (K) containing 1.0 × 109 CFU/g), WK1 (basal diet with 0.1% Pediococcus pentosaceus SMFM2016-WK1 (WK1) containing 1.0 × 109 CFU/g), K-WK1 (basal diet with 0.05% K + 0.05% WK1 containing 1.0 × 109 CFU/g). The average daily gain (ADG) was higher in the K group than in the WK1 group. Diarrhea score was lower in the K-WK1 group than in the NC group. At the genus level, Roseburia abundance in WK1 was higher than in the other treatment groups. At the species level, Blautia wexlerae abundance was lower in WK1 than in the other groups, whereas Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens abundance was higher in WK1. The serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the PC and WK1 groups were as low as those in the NC group. Experiment 2 was conducted with two trials in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two levels of challenge (challenge and non-challenge) with E. coli and SE and five levels of probiotics same as Exp.1. Supplementation with LP and WK1 resulted in higher ADG and lower diarrhea scores than those in the other groups. Consequently, supplementation of WK1 showed a particularly positive effect on growth performance and diarrhea, villus height and intestinal microbiota in oral challenge experiment and feeding trial. Therefore, WK1 might be the most effective among the probiotics used in this experiment.
{"title":"Effects of probiotics on growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbiota weaning pig challenged with Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica","authors":"Dongcheol Song, Jihwan Lee, yoonjeong Yoo, Hanjin Oh, Seyeon Chang, Jaewoo An, Sehyun Park, Kyeongho Jeon, Younghyun Cho, Yohan Yoon, Jinho Cho","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e119","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mono- and multi-strain LAB probiotics on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal noxious gas emission, intestinal microbiota and intestinal morphology of weaning pigs challenged with or without <italic>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</italic> and <italic>Salmonella enterica (</italic>SE<italic>)</italic>. In Exp. 1, a total of 60 crossbred weaning pigs were randomly allotted to one of five dietary treatments. The dietary treatments included: NC (negative control; basal diet with no supplement), PC (positive control; basal diet with 0.01% <italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum </italic>(LP) containing 1.0 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/g), K (basal diet with 0.1% <italic>Pediococcus acidilactici</italic> K (K) containing 1.0 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/g), WK1 (basal diet with 0.1% <italic>Pediococcus pentosaceus</italic> SMFM2016-WK1 (WK1) containing 1.0 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/g), K-WK1 (basal diet with 0.05% K + 0.05% WK1 containing 1.0 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/g). The average daily gain (ADG) was higher in the K group than in the WK1 group. Diarrhea score was lower in the K-WK1 group than in the NC group. At the genus level, <italic>Roseburia</italic> abundance in WK1 was higher than in the other treatment groups. At the species level, <italic>Blautia wexlerae</italic> abundance was lower in WK1 than in the other groups, whereas <italic>Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens</italic> abundance was higher in WK1. The serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the PC and WK1 groups were as low as those in the NC group. Experiment 2 was conducted with two trials in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two levels of challenge (challenge and non-challenge) with <italic>E. coli</italic> and SE and five levels of probiotics same as Exp.1. Supplementation with LP and WK1 resulted in higher ADG and lower diarrhea scores than those in the other groups. Consequently, supplementation of WK1 showed a particularly positive effect on growth performance and diarrhea, villus height and intestinal microbiota in oral challenge experiment and feeding trial. Therefore, WK1 might be the most effective among the probiotics used in this experiment.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"71 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136106530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Earwax, a semi-liquid substance, of both humans and non-human animals contains the stress hormone cortisol. Extraction of cortisol from earwax requires the use of organic solvents to eliminate interference factors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of organic solvents on the extraction efficiency of earwax cortisol from Hanwoo cattle. A factorial arrangement was used to determine the effects of solvent source (methyl alcohol, MA; diethyl ether, DE) and assay diluent buffer (ADB) (0 and 1 mL) on earwax cortisol concentration (ECC) in Hanwoo cattle (parity 3, body weight = 462 ± 5.6 kg). A 25 mg portion of the earwax sample was suspended in ADB, while another 25 mg portion was not suspended prior to extraction with MA and DE. ECC was measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay cortisol kit. The results indicated that cortisol can be extracted from earwax with or without ADB. The extraction yield of cortisol from earwax was higher with MA than with DE (p < 0.05). In conclusion, MA is the preferred solvent for cortisol extraction owing to its high extraction yield, simple extraction process, and relatively low solvent consumption. Moreover, earwax can be used as a biomarker to evaluate the degree of chronic stress in Hanwoo cattle.
{"title":"Effect of organic solvents on earwax cortisol extraction in Hanwoo cattle","authors":"MOHAMMAD ATAALLAHI, Geun-Woo Park, Kyu-Hyun Park","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e117","url":null,"abstract":"Earwax, a semi-liquid substance, of both humans and non-human animals contains the stress hormone cortisol. Extraction of cortisol from earwax requires the use of organic solvents to eliminate interference factors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of organic solvents on the extraction efficiency of earwax cortisol from Hanwoo cattle. A factorial arrangement was used to determine the effects of solvent source (methyl alcohol, MA; diethyl ether, DE) and assay diluent buffer (ADB) (0 and 1 mL) on earwax cortisol concentration (ECC) in Hanwoo cattle (parity 3, body weight = 462 ± 5.6 kg). A 25 mg portion of the earwax sample was suspended in ADB, while another 25 mg portion was not suspended prior to extraction with MA and DE. ECC was measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay cortisol kit. The results indicated that cortisol can be extracted from earwax with or without ADB. The extraction yield of cortisol from earwax was higher with MA than with DE (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, MA is the preferred solvent for cortisol extraction owing to its high extraction yield, simple extraction process, and relatively low solvent consumption. Moreover, earwax can be used as a biomarker to evaluate the degree of chronic stress in Hanwoo cattle.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"21 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134909492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sungbo Cho, Santi Devi Upadhaya, Woo Jeong Seok, Seyoung Mun, Haeun Lee, Rudolf H. van der Veen, Kyudong Han, In Ho Kim
Among different nutrients, the requirement for minerals is small, but it has a significant impact on sow longevity and reproduction performance. This study was carried out to see the beneficial effects of marine-derived Ca-Mg complex on the reproductive performance of sows during four parities periods. Seventy-two gilts [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc], with an average body weight of 181 kg, were randomly allocated to three groups; CON (basal diet), CM1 (CON - MgO - 0.3% limestone + 0.4% Ca-Mg complex), and CM2 (CON - MgO - 0.7% limestone + 0.4% Ca-Mg complex). The relative expression of SCD gene was downregulated in the umbilical cord of piglets born to CM1 and CM2 sows compared with the CON sows during parity 3 and 4. During the parity 2, 3 and 4, SLC2A2 and FABP4 genes were upregulated in the umbilical cord of piglets born to CM2 sows and placenta tissue of sows from CM1 groups, respectively. Ca-Mg complex increased (P < 0.05) Ca and Mg concentrations in sows and their piglets’ serum as well as in colostrum regardless of parities. The serum vitamin D concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in their first parity, whereas serum prolactin and estrogen concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) during the fourth and third parity, respectively. The growth hormone concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in the piglets born to sows during the first and second parity. The fat and immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations in colostrum were higher (P < 0.05) during third and fourth parity, respectively. A reduction (P < 0.05) in saliva cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine concentrations was observed in CM1 and CM2 sow groups compared with CON after farrowing regardless of parity, however before farrowing, a reduction in norepinephrine was observed. Before farrowing, the epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) during the first and second parity. After farrowing, the concentration of these hormones was higher during the second parity. Taken together, sows’ parity and Ca-Mg complex supplementation influenced lipid and glucose metabolism-associated genes expression, serum metabolites, colostrum nutrient, and stress hormones.
{"title":"Marine-derived Ca-Mg complex influences lipid and glucose metabolism, serum metabolites, colostrum profile, and stress hormone in sows over four-parity period","authors":"Sungbo Cho, Santi Devi Upadhaya, Woo Jeong Seok, Seyoung Mun, Haeun Lee, Rudolf H. van der Veen, Kyudong Han, In Ho Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e116","url":null,"abstract":"Among different nutrients, the requirement for minerals is small, but it has a significant impact on sow longevity and reproduction performance. This study was carried out to see the beneficial effects of marine-derived Ca-Mg complex on the reproductive performance of sows during four parities periods. Seventy-two gilts [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc], with an average body weight of 181 kg, were randomly allocated to three groups; CON (basal diet), CM1 (CON - MgO - 0.3% limestone + 0.4% Ca-Mg complex), and CM2 (CON - MgO - 0.7% limestone + 0.4% Ca-Mg complex). The relative expression of <italic>SCD</italic> gene was downregulated in the umbilical cord of piglets born to CM1 and CM2 sows compared with the CON sows during parity 3 and 4. During the parity 2, 3 and 4, <italic>SLC2A2 </italic>and <italic>FABP4</italic> genes were upregulated in the umbilical cord of piglets born to CM2 sows and placenta tissue of sows from CM1 groups, respectively. Ca-Mg complex increased (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05) Ca and Mg concentrations in sows and their piglets’ serum as well as in colostrum regardless of parities. The serum vitamin D concentration was higher (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05) in their first parity, whereas serum prolactin and estrogen concentrations were higher (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05) during the fourth and third parity, respectively. The growth hormone concentrations were higher (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05) in the piglets born to sows during the first and second parity. The fat and immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations in colostrum were higher (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05) during third and fourth parity, respectively. A reduction (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05) in saliva cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine concentrations was observed in CM1 and CM2 sow groups compared with CON after farrowing regardless of parity, however before farrowing, a reduction in norepinephrine was observed. Before farrowing, the epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were higher (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05) during the first and second parity. After farrowing, the concentration of these hormones was higher during the second parity. Taken together, sows’ parity and Ca-Mg complex supplementation influenced lipid and glucose metabolism-associated genes expression, serum metabolites, colostrum nutrient, and stress hormones.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135665529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yun-a Kim, Sehyuk Oh, Gyutae Park, Sanghun Park, Yunhwan Park, Hyunsoo Choi, Minjung Kim, Jungseok Choi
The purpose of this study was comparing in vitro performances of three breeds of donor satellite cells for cultured meat and selecting the optimal donor and providing insight into the selection of donors for cultured meat production. Cattle muscle satellite cells were isolated from the muscle tissue of Hanwoo, Holstein, and Jeju black cattle, and then sorted by FACS. Regarding proliferation of satellite cells, all three breeds showed similar trends. The myogenic potential was higher for Hanwoo and Holstein breeds based on PAX7 and MYOD mRNA expression levels. When the area, width, and fusion index of the myotube were calculated through immunofluorescence staining of myosin, it was confirmed that it was expressed upward in Hanwoo and Holstein. In addition, it was confirmed that Holstein
{"title":"Characteristics of Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell from Different Breeds for Efficient Production of Cultured Meat","authors":"Yun-a Kim, Sehyuk Oh, Gyutae Park, Sanghun Park, Yunhwan Park, Hyunsoo Choi, Minjung Kim, Jungseok Choi","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e115","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was comparing in vitro performances of three breeds of donor satellite cells for cultured meat and selecting the optimal donor and providing insight into the selection of donors for cultured meat production. Cattle muscle satellite cells were isolated from the muscle tissue of Hanwoo, Holstein, and Jeju black cattle, and then sorted by FACS. Regarding proliferation of satellite cells, all three breeds showed similar trends. The myogenic potential was higher for Hanwoo and Holstein breeds based on PAX7 and MYOD mRNA expression levels. When the area, width, and fusion index of the myotube were calculated through immunofluorescence staining of myosin, it was confirmed that it was expressed upward in Hanwoo and Holstein. In addition, it was confirmed that Holstein","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135942854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venuste Maniraguha, Jun Seon Hong, Myunghwan Yu, Elijah Ogola Oketch, Young-Joo Yi, Hyeonho Yun, Dinesh Jayasena, Jung Min Heo
The impact of dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) on performance and carcass traits of broilers fed wheat-bran substituted into corn-soybean meal-based diets supplemented with xylanase was investigated. A total of 280 (7-day-old) Ross 308 broilers were randomly allotted to one of five dietary treatments with 8 replicates, 7 chicks per pen. Treatments were; i) CON: Control diet, ii) CON-X (CON + 3,000 U/kg xylanase), iii) L-X: low NSP (2% wheat bran in CON + 3,000 U/kg xylanase), iv) M-X: medium NSP (4% wheat bran in CON + 3,000 U/kg xylanase), v) H-X: higher NSP (8% wheat bran in CON+ 3,000 U/kg xylanase). Birds fed the H-X diet increased (p < 0.05) daily gains, and average daily feed intake and had marginally improved body weights (p = 0.074) on day 35. Relatively, the H-X diet tended to increase the average daily gains (p = 0.053; p = 0.073) of birds during the grower phase (d 24-35) and the entire experimental period (d 8-35), respectively. Moreover, there were no significant differences among treatments in the feed conversion ratio of birds throughout the entire experiment period. Birds fed diets CON-X, L-X, and M-X had improved (p < 0.05) the ileal digestibility of energy on d 24 and 35 compared to those fed the H-X diet. Furthermore, birds fed diet CON-X improved (p < 0.05) N digestibility on d 24. Improved carcass moisture content and lowered crude fat of leg meat (p < 0.05) were noted in birds fed the diet M-X and H-X on d 35, respectively. The intestinal viscosity was reduced (p < 0.05) in xylanase-supplemented treatments CON-X, L-X, M-X, and H-X diets when compared to CON. Our results suggest that supplementing 3,000 U/kg xylanase in a higher NSP (8% wheat bran substituted level) diet could improve the intestinal viscosity and growth performance of broilers.
{"title":"Feeding dietary non-starch polysaccharides supplemented with xylanase could improve the performance of broilers","authors":"Venuste Maniraguha, Jun Seon Hong, Myunghwan Yu, Elijah Ogola Oketch, Young-Joo Yi, Hyeonho Yun, Dinesh Jayasena, Jung Min Heo","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e114","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) on performance and carcass traits of broilers fed wheat-bran substituted into corn-soybean meal-based diets supplemented with xylanase was investigated. A total of 280 (7-day-old) Ross 308 broilers were randomly allotted to one of five dietary treatments with 8 replicates, 7 chicks per pen. Treatments were; i) CON: Control diet, ii) CON-X (CON + 3,000 U/kg xylanase), iii) L-X: low NSP (2% wheat bran in CON + 3,000 U/kg xylanase), iv) M-X: medium NSP (4% wheat bran in CON + 3,000 U/kg xylanase), v) H-X: higher NSP (8% wheat bran in CON+ 3,000 U/kg xylanase). Birds fed the H-X diet increased (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) daily gains, and average daily feed intake and had marginally improved body weights (<italic>p</italic> = 0.074) on day 35. Relatively, the H-X diet tended to increase the average daily gains (<italic>p </italic>= 0.053; <italic>p</italic> = 0.073) of birds during the grower phase (d 24-35) and the entire experimental period (d 8-35), respectively. Moreover, there were no significant differences among treatments in the feed conversion ratio of birds throughout the entire experiment period. Birds fed diets CON-X, L-X, and M-X had improved (<italic>p </italic>&lt; 0.05) the ileal digestibility of energy on d 24 and 35 compared to those fed the H-X diet. Furthermore, birds fed diet CON-X improved (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) N digestibility on d 24. Improved carcass moisture content and lowered crude fat of leg meat (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) were noted in birds fed the diet M-X and H-X on d 35, respectively. The intestinal viscosity was reduced (<italic>p </italic>&lt; 0.05) in xylanase-supplemented treatments CON-X, L-X, M-X, and H-X diets when compared to CON. Our results suggest that supplementing 3,000 U/kg xylanase in a higher NSP (8% wheat bran substituted level) diet could improve the intestinal viscosity and growth performance of broilers.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136077483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-antibiotic feed additives stand as a potential alternative for antimicrobial growth promoters, but their effects in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chicks suffering early infection are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two non-antibiotic feed additives (a postbiotic and a sanguinarine-based phytobiotic) on the gut morphology and body weight gain of broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE). Birds (n=144) were distributed according to a 2 × 3 factorial in a completely randomized design with the following treatments: non-challenged chicks fed control diet (SHAM-DCO), postbiotic (SHAM-PFC), or sanguinarine-based compound (SHAM-SAN) and SE-challenged chicks fed control diet (SE-DCO), postbiotic (SE-PFC), and sanguinarine-based compound (SE-SAN). Birds from each treatment were euthanized at 3-, 7-, and 14-days post inoculation and samples were collected for SE counting and intestinal morphometry. Weight gain was determined at 14 days post-inoculation. Lower (p ≤ 0.05) Salmonella counts were observed in birds fed diets containing PFC at 3- and 7-days post inoculation. SE-challenged chicks showed greater crypt depth (p ≤ 0.05) and lamina propria thickness (p ≤ 0.05) and smaller villus:crypt ratio (p ≤ 0.05) at the different sampling periods. Overall, birds fed PFC or SAN showed decreased lamina propria thickness (p ≤ 0.05), greater villus height (p ≤ 0.05), villus:crypt ratio (p ≤ 0.05), and larger villus area (p ≤ 0.05) compared with those fed the control diet (DCO). SAN supplementation improved body weight (p ≤ 0.05) and weight gain (p ≤ 0.05) until 14 days post-hatch compared with the control diet. Both feed additives (PFC and SAN) improved birds’ response to post-hatch Salmonella Enteritidis infection, evidenced by beneficial changes in gut morphology. These effects highlight the potential of these feed additives to improve gut health of broiler chicks during the initial rearing phase.
{"title":"Intestinal morphometric changes associated with the use of non-antibiotic feed additives in broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis","authors":"Laelia Felix, Alexandre Moreira Filho, Maylane Rayane Santos, Mauro Saraiva, Oliveiro Freitas Neto, Patrícia Givisiez, Celso Oliveira","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e113","url":null,"abstract":"Non-antibiotic feed additives stand as a potential alternative for antimicrobial growth promoters, but their effects in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chicks suffering early infection are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two non-antibiotic feed additives (a postbiotic and a sanguinarine-based phytobiotic) on the gut morphology and body weight gain of broiler chicks challenged with <italic>Salmonella enterica </italic>serovar Enteritidis (SE). Birds (n=144) were distributed according to a 2 × 3 factorial in a completely randomized design with the following treatments: non-challenged chicks fed control diet (SHAM-DCO), postbiotic (SHAM-PFC), or sanguinarine-based compound (SHAM-SAN) and SE-challenged chicks fed control diet (SE-DCO), postbiotic (SE-PFC), and sanguinarine-based compound (SE-SAN). Birds from each treatment were euthanized at 3-, 7-, and 14-days post inoculation and samples were collected for SE counting and intestinal morphometry. Weight gain was determined at 14 days post-inoculation. Lower (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0.05) <italic>Salmonella</italic> counts were observed in birds fed diets containing PFC at 3- and 7-days post inoculation. SE-challenged chicks showed greater crypt depth (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0.05) and lamina propria thickness (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0.05) and smaller villus:crypt ratio (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0.05) at the different sampling periods. Overall, birds fed PFC or SAN showed decreased lamina propria thickness (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0.05), greater villus height (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0.05), villus:crypt ratio (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0.05), and larger villus area (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0.05) compared with those fed the control diet (DCO). SAN supplementation improved body weight (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0.05) and weight gain (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0.05) until 14 days post-hatch compared with the control diet. Both feed additives (PFC and SAN) improved birds’ response to post-hatch <italic>Salmonella</italic> Enteritidis infection, evidenced by beneficial changes in gut morphology. These effects highlight the potential of these feed additives to improve gut health of broiler chicks during the initial rearing phase.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seon-Tea Joo, Eun-Yeong Lee, Yu-Min Son, Md. Jakir Hossain, Chan-Jin Kim, So-Hee Kim, Yong-Hwa Hwang
Tenderness and taste characteristics of meat are the key determinants of the meat choices of consumers. This review summarizes the contemporary research on the molecular mechanisms by which postmortem aging of meat improves the tenderness and taste characteristics. The fundamental mechanism by which postmortem aging improves the tenderness of meat involves the operation of the calpain system due to apoptosis, resulting in proteolytic enzyme-induced degradation of cytoskeletal myofibrillar proteins. The improvement of taste characteristics by postmortem aging is mainly explained by the increase in the content of taste-related peptides, free amino acids, and nucleotides produced by increased hydrolysis activity. This review improves our understanding of the published research on tenderness and taste characteristics of meat and provides insights to improve these attributes of meat through postmortem aging.
{"title":"Aging mechanism for improving the tenderness and taste characteristics of meat","authors":"Seon-Tea Joo, Eun-Yeong Lee, Yu-Min Son, Md. Jakir Hossain, Chan-Jin Kim, So-Hee Kim, Yong-Hwa Hwang","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e110","url":null,"abstract":"Tenderness and taste characteristics of meat are the key determinants of the meat choices of consumers. This review summarizes the contemporary research on the molecular mechanisms by which postmortem aging of meat improves the tenderness and taste characteristics. The fundamental mechanism by which postmortem aging improves the tenderness of meat involves the operation of the calpain system due to apoptosis, resulting in proteolytic enzyme-induced degradation of cytoskeletal myofibrillar proteins. The improvement of taste characteristics by postmortem aging is mainly explained by the increase in the content of taste-related peptides, free amino acids, and nucleotides produced by increased hydrolysis activity. This review improves our understanding of the published research on tenderness and taste characteristics of meat and provides insights to improve these attributes of meat through postmortem aging.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to present a more systematic and developmental research direction by classifying animal-medication-related research trends published in Korea. We analyzed the research trends of 68 domestic animal-medication programs published in 26 journals over the past 24 years under the premise of the necessity of animal-medication therapy, which is considered a very effective intervention method in the practice areas of various subjects. Therefore, this study examines the year of publication of animal-medication-related research conducted in various academic fields from 1998 to 2022, research data sources, characteristics of research subjects, types of interventions and research topics, research design and intervention sessions, intervention methods, and ethical consideration statements. The results of this study are as follows: First, in the source of research and research trends by year, the number of papers published in animal-related societies was the highest at 34 (50%); the number of studies has been steadily increasing since the mid-2000s. Second, regarding research trends by subject, 45 (66%) were general subjects, 23 (34%) were medically diagnosed, 60 (88%) were selected through pre-evaluation, and 8 (12%) were requested. Third, regarding research trends by method, 27 (40%) of the pretests were conducted before and after the experiment-control group, and only 3 (4%) of the 68 papers were examined later. Fourth, regarding research trends by content, depression (25%) was the most frequently applied variable, and regarding intervention sessions, 53 (78%) were less than 12 sessions. Fifth, regarding research trends and ethical consideration statements by treatment approach method, 58 cases (85%) of individual treatment approaches and 10 cases (15%) of intervention approaches integrated with individual treatment approaches, and 23 cases (34%) of studies with ethical consideration statements or the Institutional Review Board’s (IRB) approval. Based on the study results, the implications and research directions of animal-assisted therapy-related research are discussed.
{"title":"Analyzing Intervention Research Trends in Animal-Assisted Therapy: A Review on the Korean Experimental Researches from 1998 to 2022","authors":"Taeyoung kil","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e112","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to present a more systematic and developmental research direction by classifying animal-medication-related research trends published in Korea. We analyzed the research trends of 68 domestic animal-medication programs published in 26 journals over the past 24 years under the premise of the necessity of animal-medication therapy, which is considered a very effective intervention method in the practice areas of various subjects. Therefore, this study examines the year of publication of animal-medication-related research conducted in various academic fields from 1998 to 2022, research data sources, characteristics of research subjects, types of interventions and research topics, research design and intervention sessions, intervention methods, and ethical consideration statements. The results of this study are as follows: First, in the source of research and research trends by year, the number of papers published in animal-related societies was the highest at 34 (50%); the number of studies has been steadily increasing since the mid-2000s. Second, regarding research trends by subject, 45 (66%) were general subjects, 23 (34%) were medically diagnosed, 60 (88%) were selected through pre-evaluation, and 8 (12%) were requested. Third, regarding research trends by method, 27 (40%) of the pretests were conducted before and after the experiment-control group, and only 3 (4%) of the 68 papers were examined later. Fourth, regarding research trends by content, depression (25%) was the most frequently applied variable, and regarding intervention sessions, 53 (78%) were less than 12 sessions. Fifth, regarding research trends and ethical consideration statements by treatment approach method, 58 cases (85%) of individual treatment approaches and 10 cases (15%) of intervention approaches integrated with individual treatment approaches, and 23 cases (34%) of studies with ethical consideration statements or the Institutional Review Board’s (IRB) approval. Based on the study results, the implications and research directions of animal-assisted therapy-related research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eun Sol Kim, Jin Ho Cho, Minho Song, Sheena Kim, Gi Beom Keum, Hyunok Doo, Jinok Kwak, Sriniwas Pandey, Su Min Ryu, Yejin Choi, Juyoun Kang, Hyeun Bum Kim, Ju-Hoon Lee
Lactococcus taiwanensis starin K_LL001 was isolated from the gut of grasshopper (Oxya chinensis sinuosa). In this study, we presented the complete genome sequence of L. taiwanensis stain K_LL001. The genome of K_LL001 genome was composed of 1 circular chromosome without plasmids. The length of the whole genome was 2,018,259bp, guanin + cytosine (G±C) content (%) was 38.75%, with 2,021 predicted protein-coding sequences (CDS). The most abundant CAZyme class in L. taiwanensis strain K_LL001 was glycoside hydrolases (GH) class. GHs is the key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and they catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in complex carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch. Moreover, L. taiwanensis strain K_LL001 has genes encoding enzymes which can catalyze the transformation of one glycoside to another. Overall, this study will contribute to a further understanding of L. taiwanensis strain K_LL001 at the genomic level and provide a theoretical basis for its future application in swine industry.
{"title":"Genome analysis of Lactococcus taiwanensis strain K_LL001 with potential cellulose degrading functions","authors":"Eun Sol Kim, Jin Ho Cho, Minho Song, Sheena Kim, Gi Beom Keum, Hyunok Doo, Jinok Kwak, Sriniwas Pandey, Su Min Ryu, Yejin Choi, Juyoun Kang, Hyeun Bum Kim, Ju-Hoon Lee","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e111","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Lactococcus taiwanensis </italic>starin K_LL001 was isolated from the gut of grasshopper (<italic>Oxya chinensis sinuosa</italic>). In this study, we presented the complete genome sequence of <italic>L. taiwanensis </italic>stain K_LL001. The genome of K_LL001 genome was composed of 1 circular chromosome without plasmids. The length of the whole genome was 2,018,259bp, guanin + cytosine (G±C) content (%) was 38.75%, with 2,021 predicted protein-coding sequences (CDS). The most abundant CAZyme class in <italic>L. taiwanensis</italic> strain K_LL001 was glycoside hydrolases (GH) class. GHs is the key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and they catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in complex carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch. Moreover, <italic>L. taiwanensis</italic> strain K_LL001 has genes encoding enzymes which can catalyze the transformation of one glycoside to another. Overall, this study will contribute to a further understanding of <italic>L. taiwanensis </italic>strain K_LL001 at the genomic level and provide a theoretical basis for its future application in swine industry.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seung Yun Lee, Da Young Lee, Seung Hyeon Yun, Juhyun Lee, Ermie Jr. Mariano, Jinmo Park, Yeongwoo Choi, Dahee Han, Jin Soo Kim, Sun Jin Hur
Interest and investment in cultivated meat are increasing because of the realization that it can effectively supply sufficient food resources and reduce the use of livestock. Nevertheless, accurate information on the specific technologies used for cultivated meat production and the characteristics of cultivated meat is lacking. Authorization for the use of cultivated meat is already underway in the United States, Singapore, and Israel, and other major countries are also expected to approve cultivated meat as food once the details of the intricate process of producing cultivated meat, which encompasses stages such as cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and assembly, is thoroughly established. The development and standardization of mass production processes and safety evaluations must precede the industrialization and use of cultivated meat as food. However, the technology for the industrialization of cultivated meat is still in its nascent stage, and the mass production process has not yet been established. The mass production process of cultivated meat may not be easy to disclose because it is related to the interests of several companies or research teams. However, the overall research flow shows that equipment development for mass production and cell acquisition, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as for three-dimensional production supports and bioreactors have not yet been completed. Therefore, additional research on the mass production process and safety of cultivated meat is essential. The consumer’s trust in the cultivated meat products and production technologies recently disclosed by some companies should also be analyzed and considered for guiding future developments in this industry. Furthermore, close monitoring by academia and the government will be necessary to identify fraud in the cultivated meat industry.
{"title":"Current technology and industrialization status of cell-cultivated meat","authors":"Seung Yun Lee, Da Young Lee, Seung Hyeon Yun, Juhyun Lee, Ermie Jr. Mariano, Jinmo Park, Yeongwoo Choi, Dahee Han, Jin Soo Kim, Sun Jin Hur","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e107","url":null,"abstract":"Interest and investment in cultivated meat are increasing because of the realization that it can effectively supply sufficient food resources and reduce the use of livestock. Nevertheless, accurate information on the specific technologies used for cultivated meat production and the characteristics of cultivated meat is lacking. Authorization for the use of cultivated meat is already underway in the United States, Singapore, and Israel, and other major countries are also expected to approve cultivated meat as food once the details of the intricate process of producing cultivated meat, which encompasses stages such as cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and assembly, is thoroughly established. The development and standardization of mass production processes and safety evaluations must precede the industrialization and use of cultivated meat as food. However, the technology for the industrialization of cultivated meat is still in its nascent stage, and the mass production process has not yet been established. The mass production process of cultivated meat may not be easy to disclose because it is related to the interests of several companies or research teams. However, the overall research flow shows that equipment development for mass production and cell acquisition, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as for three-dimensional production supports and bioreactors have not yet been completed. Therefore, additional research on the mass production process and safety of cultivated meat is essential. The consumer’s trust in the cultivated meat products and production technologies recently disclosed by some companies should also be analyzed and considered for guiding future developments in this industry. Furthermore, close monitoring by academia and the government will be necessary to identify fraud in the cultivated meat industry.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136360203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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