Seung-Eun Lee, Han-Bi Lee, Jae-Wook Yoon, Hyo-Jin Park, So-Hee Kim, Dong-Hun Han, Eun-Seo Lim, Eun-Young Kim, Se-Pill Park
Porcine oocytes undergo in vitro maturation (IVM) for 42–44 h. During this period, most oocytes proceed to metaphase and then to pro-metaphase if the nucleus has sufficiently matured. Forty-four hours is sufficient for oocyte nuclear maturation but not for full maturation of the oocyte cytoplasm. This study investigated the influences of extension of the IVM duration with rapamycin treatment on molecular maturation factors. The phospho-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) level was enhanced in comparison with the total p44/42 MAPK level after 52 h of IVM. Oocytes were treated with and without 10 μM rapamycin (10 R and 0 R, respectively) and examined after 52 h of IVM, whereas control oocytes were examined after 44 h of IVM. Phospho-p44/42 MAPK activity was upregulated the 10 R and 0 R oocytes than in control oocytes. The expression levels of maternal genes were highest in 10 R oocytes and were higher in 0 R oocytes than in control oocytes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity was dramatically increased in 0 R oocytes but was similar in 10 R and control oocytes. The 10 R group exhibited an increased embryo development rate, a higher total cell number per blastocyst, and decreased DNA fragmentation. The mRNA level of development-related (POU5F1 and NANOG) mRNA, oocyte-apoptotic (BCL2L1) genes were highest in 10 R blastocysts. These results suggest that prolonged IVM duration with rapamycin treatment represses ROS production and increases expression of molecular maturation factors. Therefore, this is a good strategy to enhance the developmental capacity in porcine oocytes.
{"title":"Rapamycin Treatment During Prolonged In Vitro Maturation Enhances the Developmental Competence of Immature Porcine Oocytes","authors":"Seung-Eun Lee, Han-Bi Lee, Jae-Wook Yoon, Hyo-Jin Park, So-Hee Kim, Dong-Hun Han, Eun-Seo Lim, Eun-Young Kim, Se-Pill Park","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e101","url":null,"abstract":"Porcine oocytes undergo <italic>in vitro</italic> maturation (IVM) for 42–44 h. During this period, most oocytes proceed to metaphase and then to pro-metaphase if the nucleus has sufficiently matured. Forty-four hours is sufficient for oocyte nuclear maturation but not for full maturation of the oocyte cytoplasm. This study investigated the influences of extension of the IVM duration with rapamycin treatment on molecular maturation factors. The phospho-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) level was enhanced in comparison with the total p44/42 MAPK level after 52 h of IVM. Oocytes were treated with and without 10 μM rapamycin (10 R and 0 R, respectively) and examined after 52 h of IVM, whereas control oocytes were examined after 44 h of IVM. Phospho-p44/42 MAPK activity was upregulated the 10 R and 0 R oocytes than in control oocytes. The expression levels of maternal genes were highest in 10 R oocytes and were higher in 0 R oocytes than in control oocytes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity was dramatically increased in 0 R oocytes but was similar in 10 R and control oocytes. The 10 R group exhibited an increased embryo development rate, a higher total cell number per blastocyst, and decreased DNA fragmentation. The mRNA level of development-related (<italic>POU5F1 </italic>and<italic> NANOG) </italic>mRNA<italic>, </italic>oocyte-apoptotic (<italic>BCL2L1) </italic>genes were highest in 10 R blastocysts. These results suggest that prolonged IVM duration with rapamycin treatment represses ROS production and increases expression of molecular maturation factors. Therefore, this is a good strategy to enhance the developmental capacity in porcine oocytes.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subclinical ketosis (SCK) is a prevalent metabolic disorder that occurs during the transition to lactation period. It is defined as a high blood concentration of ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyric acid ≥ 1.2 mmol/L) within the first few weeks of lactation, and often presents without clinical signs. SCK is mainly caused by negative energy balance (NEB). The objective of this study is to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SCK using genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and to predict the biological functions of proximal genes using gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Blood samples were collected from 112 Holstein cows between 5 and 18 days postpartum to determine the incidence of SCK. Genomic DNA extracted from both SCK and healthy cows was examined using the Illumina Bovine SNP50K BeadChip for genotyping. GWAS revealed 194 putative SNPs and 163 genes associated with those SNPs. Additionally, GSEA showed that the genes retrieved by DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery) belonged to calcium signaling, starch and sucrose, immune network, and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the proximal genes were found to be related to germ cell and early embryo development. In summary, this study proposes several feasible SNPs and genes associated with SCK through GWAS and GSEA. These candidates can be utilized in selective breeding programs to reduce the genetic risk for SCK and subfertility in high-performance dairy cows.
亚临床酮症(SCK)是一种普遍的代谢紊乱，发生在过渡到哺乳期。定义为在哺乳期最初几周内出现高血酮体浓度(β -羟基丁酸≥1.2 mmol/L)，通常无临床体征。SCK主要由负能量平衡(NEB)引起。本研究的目的是利用全基因组关联研究(GWAS)鉴定与SCK相关的单核苷酸多态性(snp)，并利用基因集富集分析(GSEA)预测近端基因的生物学功能。收集112头产后5 ~ 18天的荷斯坦奶牛的血液样本，以确定SCK的发生率。使用Illumina牛SNP50K头芯片检测SCK和健康奶牛的基因组DNA进行基因分型。GWAS共发现194个假定的snp和163个与这些snp相关的基因。此外，GSEA显示，通过DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery)检索到的基因属于钙信号、淀粉和蔗糖、免疫网络和代谢途径。此外，发现近端基因与生殖细胞和早期胚胎发育有关。综上所述，本研究通过GWAS和GSEA提出了几个与SCK相关的可行snp和基因。这些候选品种可用于选择性育种计划，以降低高性能奶牛SCK和低育性的遗传风险。
{"title":"Identification of genomic regions and genes associated with subclinical ketosis in periparturient dairy cows","authors":"Jihwan Lee, KwangHyeon Cho, Kent Weigel, Heather White, ChangHee Do, Inchul Choi","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e97","url":null,"abstract":"Subclinical ketosis (SCK) is a prevalent metabolic disorder that occurs during the transition to lactation period. It is defined as a high blood concentration of ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyric acid ≥ 1.2 mmol/L) within the first few weeks of lactation, and often presents without clinical signs. SCK is mainly caused by negative energy balance (NEB). The objective of this study is to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SCK using genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and to predict the biological functions of proximal genes using gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Blood samples were collected from 112 Holstein cows between 5 and 18 days postpartum to determine the incidence of SCK. Genomic DNA extracted from both SCK and healthy cows was examined using the Illumina Bovine SNP50K BeadChip for genotyping. GWAS revealed 194 putative SNPs and 163 genes associated with those SNPs. Additionally, GSEA showed that the genes retrieved by DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery) belonged to calcium signaling, starch and sucrose, immune network, and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the proximal genes were found to be related to germ cell and early embryo development. In summary, this study proposes several feasible SNPs and genes associated with SCK through GWAS and GSEA. These candidates can be utilized in selective breeding programs to reduce the genetic risk for SCK and subfertility in high-performance dairy cows.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Al-Badwi, Emad Samara, Majdi Bahadi, Khalid Abdoun, Ayman Swelum, Abdullah Al-Owaimer, Ahmed Al-Haidary
In a journey exploring the influence of two external zeitgebers and their interaction on the biophysiological and productive performance of goat kids exposed to heat stress, 15 healthy Aardi male kids (6 months of age and 22.56±1.13 kg) individually housed in climatic chambers were allocated into three groups (5 kids/group). Kids in the first group (the control group, C) were placed under a normal light:dark (12L:12D) cycle and fed in the morning. Kids in the second group (T1) were fed in the morning but placed under a reversed 12D:12L cycle. Kids in the third group (T2) were placed under a reversed 12D:12L cycle and fed in the evening. During the experimental period (~5 weeks), kids were exposed to a hot condition (as manifest by the temperature-humidity index) using a biometeorologically simulated environment with a daily ambient temperature cycle of 25°C to 45°C, and multiple data (i.e., meteorology, biophysiology, and performance) were obtained. Reversing the lighting cycle alone (T1) and/or the simultaneous shifting of both the lighting cycle and feeding time protocol (T2) under hot climatic conditions had no influence on body rectal and skin temperatures as well as plasma concentrations of albumin and glucose. Kids in both treatments showed (p< 0.05) higher coat temperature and respiratory rate as well as plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol compared to the C group kids. Moreover, it was clearly evident that kids in T2 had (p< 0.05) reduced kids DFI, increased (p< 0.05) their ADG, which subsequently had been reflected on having (p< 0.05) better FCR compared to kids in other groups. Collectively, this would suggest that using such chrono-physiological management protocol had desynchronized the heat load emerging from the combined effects of both thermal stress and post-prandial metabolism. Compared to other protocols, our findings point out that simultaneous shifting of both lighting cycle and feeding time protocol might be suitable in enhancing the production performance of growing heat-stressed goats.
{"title":"A chrono-physiological management protocol in form of simultaneous shifting of both lighting-cycle and feeding-time can enhance the production performance of heat-stressed goat kids","authors":"Mohammed Al-Badwi, Emad Samara, Majdi Bahadi, Khalid Abdoun, Ayman Swelum, Abdullah Al-Owaimer, Ahmed Al-Haidary","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e99","url":null,"abstract":"In a journey exploring the influence of two external zeitgebers and their interaction on the biophysiological and productive performance of goat kids exposed to heat stress, 15 healthy Aardi male kids (6 months of age and 22.56±1.13 kg) individually housed in climatic chambers were allocated into three groups (5 kids/group). Kids in the first group (the control group, C) were placed under a normal light:dark (12L:12D) cycle and fed in the morning. Kids in the second group (T1) were fed in the morning but placed under a reversed 12D:12L cycle. Kids in the third group (T2) were placed under a reversed 12D:12L cycle and fed in the evening. During the experimental period (~5 weeks), kids were exposed to a hot condition (as manifest by the temperature-humidity index) using a biometeorologically simulated environment with a daily ambient temperature cycle of 25°C to 45°C, and multiple data (i.e., meteorology, biophysiology, and performance) were obtained. Reversing the lighting cycle alone (T1) and/or the simultaneous shifting of both the lighting cycle and feeding time protocol (T2) under hot climatic conditions had no influence on body rectal and skin temperatures as well as plasma concentrations of albumin and glucose. Kids in both treatments showed (<italic>p</italic> <italic>&lt;</italic> 0.05) higher coat temperature and respiratory rate as well as plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol compared to the C group kids. Moreover, it was clearly evident that kids in T2 had (<italic>p</italic> <italic>&lt;</italic> 0.05) reduced kids DFI, increased (<italic>p</italic> <italic>&lt;</italic> 0.05) their ADG, which subsequently had been reflected on having (<italic>p</italic> <italic>&lt;</italic> 0.05) better FCR compared to kids in other groups. Collectively, this would suggest that using such chrono-physiological management protocol had desynchronized the heat load emerging from the combined effects of both thermal stress and post-prandial metabolism. Compared to other protocols, our findings point out that simultaneous shifting of both lighting cycle and feeding time protocol might be suitable in enhancing the production performance of growing heat-stressed goats.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jihyun Park, Seonggyu Bang, Wonyou Lee, Kilyoung Song, Miyun Park, Junseo Chung, Islam Saadeldin, Sanghoon Lee, Junkoo Yi, Jongki Cho
Embryo transfer plays a crucial role in enhancing the breeding value of livestock; it has been applied in Hanwoo cattle, which is a popular breed for beef production in Korea. Both in vivo-derived (IVD) and in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos are used for this purpose; however, IVP embryos have been preferred recently owing to advancements in ovum pick-up (OPU) technology and genomic selection. Despite technological advancements, comprehensive data on large-scale OPU/IVEP/embryo transfer in Hanwoo cows are lacking. In this study, 16 elite Hanwoo donor cows were selected on the basis of specific criteria. Oocytes were retrieved from 241 cows using OPU. The collected cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured, fertilized, and cultured in vitro to produce transferable embryos. Embryos were classified according to their developmental stage and then transferred to 675 recipient cows. A total of 3,317 COCs were collected, with an average of 13.76 COCs per cow. The number of transferable embryos produced per cow was 3.7. Hanwoo OPU-derived IVP embryos exhibited a higher production yield than the global average, indicating a stable IVEP environment. Both fresh and frozen IVP embryos yielded similar conception rates; hence, the use of vitrified-thawed embryos in transfer plans feasible. However, frozen-thawed embryos at Stage 7 had a lower conception rate than those at earlier stages. There was no significant difference between the conception rates of sexually mature heifers and postpartum cows used as recipients. The male-to-female offspring ratio increased as the developmental stage progressed. Seasonal effects on conception rates were not observed; however, higher abortion rates and a higher proportion of male offspring were observed during winter. This study provides valuable data for improving the Korean embryo transfer industry, enabling more strategic growth of the domestic Hanwoo cow production.
{"title":"Sex ratio and conception rates of fresh/vitrified embryos at different developmental stages by ovum pick up in Hanwoo cows","authors":"Jihyun Park, Seonggyu Bang, Wonyou Lee, Kilyoung Song, Miyun Park, Junseo Chung, Islam Saadeldin, Sanghoon Lee, Junkoo Yi, Jongki Cho","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e98","url":null,"abstract":"Embryo transfer plays a crucial role in enhancing the breeding value of livestock; it has been applied in Hanwoo cattle, which is a popular breed for beef production in Korea. Both <italic>in vivo</italic>-derived (IVD) and <italic>in vitro</italic>-produced (IVP) embryos are used for this purpose; however, IVP embryos have been preferred recently owing to advancements in ovum pick-up (OPU) technology and genomic selection. Despite technological advancements, comprehensive data on large-scale OPU/IVEP/embryo transfer in Hanwoo cows are lacking. In this study, 16 elite Hanwoo donor cows were selected on the basis of specific criteria. Oocytes were retrieved from 241 cows using OPU. The collected cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured, fertilized, and cultured <italic>in vitro</italic> to produce transferable embryos. Embryos were classified according to their developmental stage and then transferred to 675 recipient cows. A total of 3,317 COCs were collected, with an average of 13.76 COCs per cow. The number of transferable embryos produced per cow was 3.7. Hanwoo OPU-derived IVP embryos exhibited a higher production yield than the global average, indicating a stable IVEP environment. Both fresh and frozen IVP embryos yielded similar conception rates; hence, the use of vitrified-thawed embryos in transfer plans feasible. However, frozen-thawed embryos at Stage 7 had a lower conception rate than those at earlier stages. There was no significant difference between the conception rates of sexually mature heifers and postpartum cows used as recipients. The male-to-female offspring ratio increased as the developmental stage progressed. Seasonal effects on conception rates were not observed; however, higher abortion rates and a higher proportion of male offspring were observed during winter. This study provides valuable data for improving the Korean embryo transfer industry, enabling more strategic growth of the domestic Hanwoo cow production.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moonju Kim, Jiyung Kim, Mu-Hwan Jo, Kyungil Sung, Kun-Jun Han
The annual forage crop production system, enclosing silage corn (Zea mays L.) and following cool-season annual forage, can enhance forage production efficiency where available land is limited for pasture production. In this forage production system, successful silage corn cultivation has a significant value due to the great yield of highly digestible forage. However, some untimely planting or harvesting of corn due to changing weather often reduces biomass and feeding values. Therefore, a study was conducted to quantify the corn silage biomass reductions by the deviations from optimum planting soil temperature and optimum growing degree day. The approximations of maximum corn production were estimated based on field trial data conducted between 1978 and 2018 with early, medium, and late-maturity corn groups. Based on weather data, the recorded planting dates and harvest dates were converted into the corresponding trials’ soil temperatures at planting (STP) and the growing degree days (GDD). The silage corn biomass data were regressed against STP and GDD using a quadratic function. The maximum biomass point was modeled in a convex upward quadratic yield curve and the optimum STP and GDD were defined as those values at the maximum biomass for each maturity group. Optimized STP was at 16.6, 16.2, and 15.6°C for early, medium, and late maturity corn groups, respectively, while optimized GDD at harvest was at 1424, 1363, and 1542 °C. The biomass reductions demonstrated quadratic functions by the departures of STP or GDD. The 5% reductions were anticipated when STP departed from the optimum temperature by 2.2, 2.4, and 1.4°C for early, medium, and late maturity corns, respectively; the same degree of reductions were estimated when the GDD departed by 200, 180, and 130°C in the same order of the maturity groups. This result indicates that biomass reductions of late-maturity corn were more sensitive to the departures of STP or GDD than the early-maturity corn. Therefore, early maturing cultivars are more stable in biomass production in a silage corn–winter annual forage crop production system to enhance forage-based livestock production efficiency.
一年生饲料作物生产体系，包括青贮玉米(<italic>Zea may </italic>L.)和后续冷季一年生牧草，可以在草场生产用地有限的地区提高牧草生产效率。在这一饲料生产体系中，青贮玉米的成功栽培具有重要的价值，因为青贮玉米的高消化率饲料产量很大。然而，由于天气变化，一些玉米的不及时种植或收获往往会减少生物量和饲料价值。因此，本研究通过最佳种植土壤温度和最佳生长度数的偏差来量化玉米青贮生物量的减少。根据1978年至2018年对早熟、中熟和晚熟玉米组进行的田间试验数据，估计了玉米最大产量的近似值。根据气象数据，将记录的种植日期和收获日期转换为相应试验的种植时土壤温度(STP)和生长度日(GDD)。青贮玉米生物量数据采用二次函数对STP和GDD进行回归。最大生物量点以凸向上的二次型产量曲线建模，最佳STP和GDD定义为各成熟度组最大生物量处的值。早熟、中熟和晚熟玉米组最佳STP温度分别为16.6、16.2和15.6°C，收获时最佳GDD温度分别为1424、1363和1542°C。随着STP和GDD的偏离，生物量的减少表现为二次函数。当早熟、中熟和晚熟玉米的STP分别偏离最适温度2.2、2.4和1.4°C时，预计会降低5%;当GDD以相同的成熟度组顺序偏离200、180和130°C时，估计的减少程度相同。结果表明，与早熟玉米相比，晚熟玉米生物量减少对STP和GDD的偏离更为敏感。因此，在青贮玉米-冬季一年生饲料作物生产体系中，早熟品种的生物量产量更稳定，可提高饲料型牲畜的生产效率。
{"title":"Assessment of planting soil temperature and GDD impacts on silage corn (Zea mays L.) biomass","authors":"Moonju Kim, Jiyung Kim, Mu-Hwan Jo, Kyungil Sung, Kun-Jun Han","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e100","url":null,"abstract":"The annual forage crop production system, enclosing silage corn (<italic>Zea mays</italic> L.) and following cool-season annual forage, can enhance forage production efficiency where available land is limited for pasture production. In this forage production system, successful silage corn cultivation has a significant value due to the great yield of highly digestible forage. However, some untimely planting or harvesting of corn due to changing weather often reduces biomass and feeding values. Therefore, a study was conducted to quantify the corn silage biomass reductions by the deviations from optimum planting soil temperature and optimum growing degree day. The approximations of maximum corn production were estimated based on field trial data conducted between 1978 and 2018 with early, medium, and late-maturity corn groups. Based on weather data, the recorded planting dates and harvest dates were converted into the corresponding trials’ soil temperatures at planting (STP) and the growing degree days (GDD). The silage corn biomass data were regressed against STP and GDD using a quadratic function. The maximum biomass point was modeled in a convex upward quadratic yield curve and the optimum STP and GDD were defined as those values at the maximum biomass for each maturity group. Optimized STP was at 16.6, 16.2, and 15.6°C for early, medium, and late maturity corn groups, respectively, while optimized GDD at harvest was at 1424, 1363, and 1542 °C. The biomass reductions demonstrated quadratic functions by the departures of STP or GDD. The 5% reductions were anticipated when STP departed from the optimum temperature by 2.2, 2.4, and 1.4°C for early, medium, and late maturity corns, respectively; the same degree of reductions were estimated when the GDD departed by 200, 180, and 130°C in the same order of the maturity groups. This result indicates that biomass reductions of late-maturity corn were more sensitive to the departures of STP or GDD than the early-maturity corn. Therefore, early maturing cultivars are more stable in biomass production in a silage corn–winter annual forage crop production system to enhance forage-based livestock production efficiency.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyunwoong Jo, Geongoo Han, Eun Bae Kim, Changsu Kong, Beob Gyun Kim
This study measured the potential changes of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract and energy and nutrient digestibility by supplemental bacteriophages in pigs. Twelve castrated male pigs (initial mean body weight = 29.5 ± 2.3 kg) were surgically cannulated using T-cannula. The animals were housed individually in pens equipped with a feeder and a nipple waterer. The pigs were allotted to 1 of 3 experimental diets in a quadruplicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with 3 experimental diets, 2 periods, and 12 pigs resulting in 8 replicates per diet. The 3 diets were a control mainly based on corn and soybean meal with no antibiotics or bacteriophages, a diet containing 0.1% antibiotics, and a diet containing 0.2% bacteriophages. On day 5 of the experimental period, feces were collected and on days 6 and 7, ileal digesta were collected. Genomic DNA for bacteria were extracted from the ileal digesta and feces and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified. The ileal and fecal digestibility of energy, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and fiber was unaffected by dietary antibiotics or bacteriophages. At the phylum level, the supplemental antibiotic or bacteriophage tended to result in a higher proportion of Firmicutes (p = 0.059) and a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes (p = 0.099) in the ileal digesta samples compared with the control group with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. At the genus level, the supplemental antibiotic or bacteriophage tended to result in a higher proportion of Lactobacillus (p = 0.062) and a lower proportion of Bacteroides (p = 0.074) and Streptococcus (p = 0.088) in the ileal digesta compared with the control group with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. In the feces, supplemental antibiotics or bacteriophages reduced the proportion of Bifidobacterium compared with the control group (p = 0.029) with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. Overall, supplemental antibiotics and bacteriophages showed positive effect on the microbiota of in the ileal digesta without largely affecting energy or nutrient digestibility, with no differences between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups in growing pigs.
{"title":"Effects of supplemental bacteriophage on the gut microbiota and nutrient digestibility of ileal-cannulated pigs","authors":"Hyunwoong Jo, Geongoo Han, Eun Bae Kim, Changsu Kong, Beob Gyun Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e96","url":null,"abstract":"This study measured the potential changes of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract and energy and nutrient digestibility by supplemental bacteriophages in pigs. Twelve castrated male pigs (initial mean body weight = 29.5 ± 2.3 kg) were surgically cannulated using T-cannula. The animals were housed individually in pens equipped with a feeder and a nipple waterer. The pigs were allotted to 1 of 3 experimental diets in a quadruplicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with 3 experimental diets, 2 periods, and 12 pigs resulting in 8 replicates per diet. The 3 diets were a control mainly based on corn and soybean meal with no antibiotics or bacteriophages, a diet containing 0.1% antibiotics, and a diet containing 0.2% bacteriophages. On day 5 of the experimental period, feces were collected and on days 6 and 7, ileal digesta were collected. Genomic DNA for bacteria were extracted from the ileal digesta and feces and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified. The ileal and fecal digestibility of energy, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and fiber was unaffected by dietary antibiotics or bacteriophages. At the phylum level, the supplemental antibiotic or bacteriophage tended to result in a higher proportion of <italic>Firmicutes</italic> (<italic>p</italic> = 0.059) and a lower proportion of <italic>Bacteroidetes</italic> (<italic>p</italic> = 0.099) in the ileal digesta samples compared with the control group with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. At the genus level, the supplemental antibiotic or bacteriophage tended to result in a higher proportion of <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> (<italic>p</italic> = 0.062) and a lower proportion of <italic>Bacteroides</italic> (<italic>p</italic> = 0.074) and <italic>Streptococcus</italic> (<italic>p</italic> = 0.088) in the ileal digesta compared with the control group with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. In the feces, supplemental antibiotics or bacteriophages reduced the proportion of <italic>Bifidobacterium</italic> compared with the control group (<italic>p</italic> = 0.029) with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. Overall, supplemental antibiotics and bacteriophages showed positive effect on the microbiota of in the ileal digesta without largely affecting energy or nutrient digestibility, with no differences between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups in growing pigs.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"365 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136023137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuyi Zhong, Bin Zuo, Jiaqi Li, Yafeng Zhai, Richard Mudarra
49 A total of 150 crossbred male pigs [21±1 days old; 8.85±0.15 Kg body weight (BW)] were randomly assigned to five 50 dietary treatments with five replicates per treatment and six pigs per pen to evaluate the effect of paraformic acid 51 (PFA), as a substitute to antibiotics, on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota of nursery 52 pigs. The treatments were: 1) NC: nutrient adequate control diet; 2) PFA1: similar to NC plus 0.30% PFA; 3) PFA2: 53 similar to NC plus 0.60% PFA; 4) PFA3: similar to NC plus 1.0% PFA; and 5) PC: similar to NC plus 0.15% of 54 chlortetracycline. Pigs were fed the same nutritional profile during the two-phase feeding regime [phase 1 (P1; d 0– 55 14), and phase 2 (P2; d 15–30)]. Initial BW, and BW and feed disappearance at the end of each phase were recorded 56 to calculate average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed to gain ratio (F: G). The Fecal score 57 was determined at the end of P1, while the intestinal morphology and microbiota analysis were performed at the end 58 of P2. Pigs fed PFA2 had higher ADG than those fed NC in P1. A quadratic response was found in the overall phase 59 1 and phase 2 (P1&2) with the highest ADG in pigs fed PFA2 ( p < 0.05). Pigs fed PC had the highest ADFI during 60 P2 and overall P1&2 ( p < 0.05). The PFA2 group had the lowest F:G ratio among treatments in P1 and P2, with a 61 quadratic response in the overall P1&2 ( p < 0.05). Pigs fed PFA1, PFA2, PFA3, and PC showed better fecal 62 consistency than NC ( p < 0.05). No differences were found in intestinal morphology among treatments. PFA groups 63 supplementation modulated the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus in the jejunum. In the cecum, 64 PFA2 had a higher relative abundance of Prevotella when compared to NC, but lower than PC. In addition, pigs fed 65 the NC diet had higher abundance of Treponema and Methanobrevibacter than other treatments. In conclusion, the 66 supplementation of 0.6% PFA improved growth performance and modulated gut microbiota in nursery pigs. 67
{"title":"Effects of paraformic acid supplementation, as an antibiotic replacement, on growth performance, intestinal morphology and gut microbiota of nursery pigs","authors":"Yuyi Zhong, Bin Zuo, Jiaqi Li, Yafeng Zhai, Richard Mudarra","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e95","url":null,"abstract":"49 A total of 150 crossbred male pigs [21±1 days old; 8.85±0.15 Kg body weight (BW)] were randomly assigned to five 50 dietary treatments with five replicates per treatment and six pigs per pen to evaluate the effect of paraformic acid 51 (PFA), as a substitute to antibiotics, on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota of nursery 52 pigs. The treatments were: 1) NC: nutrient adequate control diet; 2) PFA1: similar to NC plus 0.30% PFA; 3) PFA2: 53 similar to NC plus 0.60% PFA; 4) PFA3: similar to NC plus 1.0% PFA; and 5) PC: similar to NC plus 0.15% of 54 chlortetracycline. Pigs were fed the same nutritional profile during the two-phase feeding regime [phase 1 (P1; d 0– 55 14), and phase 2 (P2; d 15–30)]. Initial BW, and BW and feed disappearance at the end of each phase were recorded 56 to calculate average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed to gain ratio (F: G). The Fecal score 57 was determined at the end of P1, while the intestinal morphology and microbiota analysis were performed at the end 58 of P2. Pigs fed PFA2 had higher ADG than those fed NC in P1. A quadratic response was found in the overall phase 59 1 and phase 2 (P1&2) with the highest ADG in pigs fed PFA2 ( p < 0.05). Pigs fed PC had the highest ADFI during 60 P2 and overall P1&2 ( p < 0.05). The PFA2 group had the lowest F:G ratio among treatments in P1 and P2, with a 61 quadratic response in the overall P1&2 ( p < 0.05). Pigs fed PFA1, PFA2, PFA3, and PC showed better fecal 62 consistency than NC ( p < 0.05). No differences were found in intestinal morphology among treatments. PFA groups 63 supplementation modulated the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus in the jejunum. In the cecum, 64 PFA2 had a higher relative abundance of Prevotella when compared to NC, but lower than PC. In addition, pigs fed 65 the NC diet had higher abundance of Treponema and Methanobrevibacter than other treatments. In conclusion, the 66 supplementation of 0.6% PFA improved growth performance and modulated gut microbiota in nursery pigs. 67","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135097011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin contaminant of food or feed worldwide and causes disease in animals. Lauric acid (LA) is a medium-chain fatty acid useful for barrier functions such as antimicrobial activity in the intestine of monogastric animals. However, the molecular mechanisms by which lauric acid exerts its effects on the deoxynivalenol-exposed small intestine have not been studied. We used an intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) as an in vitro model to explore the molecular mechanism of lauric acid in alleviating deoxynivalenol-induced damage. We found that lauric acid reversed deoxynivalenol-induced reduction in cell viability. Our qRT-PCR results indicated that lauric acid alleviated deoxynivalenol-induced apoptosis through Annexin-V. Additionally, immunofluorescence and Western blotting showed that lauric acid attenuated deoxynivalenol-induced Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) translocation. These results suggest that lauric acid attenuates Forkhead box O3 translocation in the small intestine damaged by deoxynivalenol, thereby reducing apoptosis. In conclusion, this study found that lauric acid alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced damage in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line through various molecular mechanisms.
{"title":"Lauric acid reduces apoptosis by inhibiting FOXO3a-signaling in Deoxynivalenol-treated IPEC-J2 cells","authors":"Na Yeon Kim, Sang In Lee","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e92","url":null,"abstract":"Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin contaminant of food or feed worldwide and causes disease in animals. Lauric acid (LA) is a medium-chain fatty acid useful for barrier functions such as antimicrobial activity in the intestine of monogastric animals. However, the molecular mechanisms by which lauric acid exerts its effects on the deoxynivalenol-exposed small intestine have not been studied. We used an intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) as an <italic>in vitro</italic> model to explore the molecular mechanism of lauric acid in alleviating deoxynivalenol-induced damage. We found that lauric acid reversed deoxynivalenol-induced reduction in cell viability. Our qRT-PCR results indicated that lauric acid alleviated deoxynivalenol-induced apoptosis through Annexin-V. Additionally, immunofluorescence and Western blotting showed that lauric acid attenuated deoxynivalenol-induced Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) translocation. These results suggest that lauric acid attenuates Forkhead box O3 translocation in the small intestine damaged by deoxynivalenol, thereby reducing apoptosis. In conclusion, this study found that lauric acid alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced damage in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line through various molecular mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Raza, Kim Eungyung, Muhammad Shakeel, Muhammad Fiaz, Lei Ma, Hyeonjin Kim, Chae Yeon Kim, Dongwook Kim, Kanghyun Park, Muhammad Tariq Javed, Myoungok Kim
{"title":"Evaluation of zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles as potential alternatives to antibiotics for managing fowl typhoid in broilers","authors":"Muhammad Raza, Kim Eungyung, Muhammad Shakeel, Muhammad Fiaz, Lei Ma, Hyeonjin Kim, Chae Yeon Kim, Dongwook Kim, Kanghyun Park, Muhammad Tariq Javed, Myoungok Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e91","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：