Chul Young Lee, Eun-Yeong Lee, Tae-Whan Park, Yeon-Hae Jeong, Yu Min Son, Sang-Hyon Oh, Seon-Tea Joo, Jae-Cheol Jang
The present study aimed to find out the feasibility of increasing the meat quality of finishing gilts by increasing their slaughter weight (SW) to an extra-high (XH) level and also by using a low-lysine (lys) diet in XH-weight pig production. Twenty-four gilts and eights barrows were divided into four treatments (T) by gender, SW, and diet: T1 [barrow; 116-kg SW; Medium (Med)-lys (0.80%) diet], T2 [gilt; 116-kg SW; Med-lys], T3 [gilt; XH (150 kg) SW; Med-lys], and T4 [gilt; XH SW, Low-lys (0.60%)]. Growth performance from 85 kg of body weight to SW was measured only for T3 and T4. All animals were slaughtered at their target SW, followed by physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluation on the Longissimus lumborum muscle (LL). Average daily gain did not differ between T3 and T4. Dressing percentage was greater for T3 vs. T2. Backfat thickness was greater for T1 vs. T2 and T3 vs. T2, not being different between T3 and T4. The LL pH was lower and Warner-Bratzler Shear force value was greater for T3 vs. T2. Other physicochemical measurements including the intramuscular fat content were not different or different narrowly if different at all (p < 0.05) between T3 and T2 or T4, but not between T1 and T2. The percentages of major fatty acids including 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2 in LL, which did not differ between T2 and T3, differed between T3 and T4 apparently resulting from a difference in composition of the ingredients of the two diets. The sensory texture score was greater for T3 vs. T2 in fresh LL; in cooked LL, juiciness and umami scores were greater for T3 vs. T2, flavor score being less for T4 vs. T3. The gender effects on physicochemical and sensory pork quality were small, if any. Overall, the meat quality of finishing gilts could be improved by increasing the SW to the XH level, but not by using the Low-lys diet, suggesting that it will be feasible to produce XH-weight market gilts if the increased meat quality can make up for the expected decrease in production efficiency accompanying the increased SW.
{"title":"Effects of an extra-high slaughter weight and a low-lysine diet on growth and meat quality of finishing gilts","authors":"Chul Young Lee, Eun-Yeong Lee, Tae-Whan Park, Yeon-Hae Jeong, Yu Min Son, Sang-Hyon Oh, Seon-Tea Joo, Jae-Cheol Jang","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e108","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to find out the feasibility of increasing the meat quality of finishing gilts by increasing their slaughter weight (SW) to an extra-high (XH) level and also by using a low-lysine (lys) diet in XH-weight pig production. Twenty-four gilts and eights barrows were divided into four treatments (T) by gender, SW, and diet: T1 [barrow; 116-kg SW; Medium (Med)-lys (0.80%) diet], T2 [gilt; 116-kg SW; Med-lys], T3 [gilt; XH (150 kg) SW; Med-lys], and T4 [gilt; XH SW, Low-lys (0.60%)]. Growth performance from 85 kg of body weight to SW was measured only for T3 and T4. All animals were slaughtered at their target SW, followed by physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluation on the <italic>Longissimus </italic><italic>lumborum</italic> muscle (LL). Average daily gain did not differ between T3 and T4. Dressing percentage was greater for T3 vs. T2. Backfat thickness was greater for T1 vs. T2 and T3 vs. T2, not being different between T3 and T4. The LL pH was lower and Warner-Bratzler Shear force value was greater for T3 vs. T2. Other physicochemical measurements including the intramuscular fat content were not different or different narrowly if different at all (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) between T3 and T2 or T4, but not between T1 and T2. The percentages of major fatty acids including 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2 in LL, which did not differ between T2 and T3, differed between T3 and T4 apparently resulting from a difference in composition of the ingredients of the two diets. The sensory texture score was greater for T3 vs. T2 in fresh LL; in cooked LL, juiciness and umami scores were greater for T3 vs. T2, flavor score being less for T4 vs. T3. The gender effects on physicochemical and sensory pork quality were small, if any. Overall, the meat quality of finishing gilts could be improved by increasing the SW to the XH level, but not by using the Low-lys diet, suggesting that it will be feasible to produce XH-weight market gilts if the increased meat quality can make up for the expected decrease in production efficiency accompanying the increased SW.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136360318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryukseok Kang, Huseong Lee, Hyeonsu Seon, Cheolju Park, Jaeyong Song, Joong Kook Park, Yong Kwan Kim, Minseok Kim, Tansol Park
Hanwoo and Jeju Black cattle (Jeju Black) are native breeds of Korean cattle. Jeju Black cattle are recognized as natural monuments and are known to exhibit slower growth rates compared to Hanwoo. While several studies have analyzed the genetic characteristics of these cattle, there has been limited research on the differences in their microbiome. In this study, rumen fluid was obtained from three Hanwoo steers and three Jeju Black steers, and three different diets (total mixed rations [TMRs] for growing, early fattening, and late fattening periods) were used as substrates for in vitro fermentation. The in vitro incubation was conducted for 3 h and 24 h following a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. After both incubation periods, fermentation characteristics were analyzed, and ruminal microbiome analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, employing both QIIME2 and PICRUSt2. The results revealed significant differences in the ruminal microbiota due to the inoculum effect. At the phylum level, Patescibacteria and Synergistota were found to be enriched in the Jeju Black inoculum-treated group. Additionally, using different inocula also affected the relative abundance of major taxa, including Ruminococcus, Pseudoramibacter, Ruminococcaceae CAG-352, and the [Eubacterium] ruminantium group. These microbial differences induced by the inoculum may have originated from varying levels of domestication between the two subspecies of donor animals, which mainly influenced the fermentation and microbiome features in the early incubation stages, although this was only partially offset afterward. Furthermore, predicted commission numbers of microbial enzymes, some of which are involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, fatty acids, and alpha amylase, differed based on the inoculum effect. However, these differences may account for only a small proportion of the overall metabolic pathway. Conversely, diets were found to affect protein biosynthesis and its related metabolism, which showed differential abundance in the growing diet and were potentially linked to the growth-promoting effects in beef cattle during the growing period. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that using different inocula significantly affected in vitro fermentation characteristics and microbiome features, mainly in the early stages of incubation, with some effects persisting up to 24 h of incubation.
{"title":"Effects of diets for three growing stages by rumen inocula donors on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbiome","authors":"Ryukseok Kang, Huseong Lee, Hyeonsu Seon, Cheolju Park, Jaeyong Song, Joong Kook Park, Yong Kwan Kim, Minseok Kim, Tansol Park","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e109","url":null,"abstract":"Hanwoo and Jeju Black cattle (Jeju Black) are native breeds of Korean cattle. Jeju Black cattle are recognized as natural monuments and are known to exhibit slower growth rates compared to Hanwoo. While several studies have analyzed the genetic characteristics of these cattle, there has been limited research on the differences in their microbiome. In this study, rumen fluid was obtained from three Hanwoo steers and three Jeju Black steers, and three different diets (total mixed rations [TMRs] for growing, early fattening, and late fattening periods) were used as substrates for <italic>in vitro</italic> fermentation. The <italic>in vitro</italic> incubation was conducted for 3 h and 24 h following a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. After both incubation periods, fermentation characteristics were analyzed, and ruminal microbiome analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, employing both QIIME2 and PICRUSt2. The results revealed significant differences in the ruminal microbiota due to the inoculum effect. At the phylum level, Patescibacteria and Synergistota were found to be enriched in the Jeju Black inoculum-treated group. Additionally, using different inocula also affected the relative abundance of major taxa, including Ruminococcus, Pseudoramibacter, Ruminococcaceae CAG-352, and the [Eubacterium] ruminantium group. These microbial differences induced by the inoculum may have originated from varying levels of domestication between the two subspecies of donor animals, which mainly influenced the fermentation and microbiome features in the early incubation stages, although this was only partially offset afterward. Furthermore, predicted commission numbers of microbial enzymes, some of which are involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, fatty acids, and alpha amylase, differed based on the inoculum effect. However, these differences may account for only a small proportion of the overall metabolic pathway. Conversely, diets were found to affect protein biosynthesis and its related metabolism, which showed differential abundance in the growing diet and were potentially linked to the growth-promoting effects in beef cattle during the growing period. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that using different inocula significantly affected <italic>in vitro</italic> fermentation characteristics and microbiome features, mainly in the early stages of incubation, with some effects persisting up to 24 h of incubation.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"265 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136360320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions and candidate genes associated with productive traits using a total of 37,099 productive records and 6,683 SNP data obtained from five Great-Grand-Parents (GGP) farms in Landrace. The estimated of heritabilities for days to 105kg (AGE), average daily gain (ADG), backfat thickness (BF), and eye muscle area (EMA) were 0.49, 0.49, 0.56, and 0.23, respectively. We identified a genetic window that explained 2.05-2.34% for each trait of the total genetic variance. We observed a clear partitioning of the four traits into two groups, and the most significant genomic region for AGE and ADG were located on the SSC 1, while BF and EMA were located on SSC 2. We conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), which revealed results in three biological processes, four cellular component, three molecular function, and six KEGG pathway. Significant SNPs can be used as markers for quantitative trait loci (QTL) investigation and genomic selection (GS) for productive traits in Landrace pig.
{"title":"Weighted single-step genome-wide association study (WssGWAS) to reveal new candidate genes for productive traits of Landrace pig in Korea","authors":"Jun Park, Chong-Sam Na","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e104","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions and candidate genes associated with productive traits using a total of 37,099 productive records and 6,683 SNP data obtained from five Great-Grand-Parents (GGP) farms in Landrace. The estimated of heritabilities for days to 105kg (AGE), average daily gain (ADG), backfat thickness (BF), and eye muscle area (EMA) were 0.49, 0.49, 0.56, and 0.23, respectively. We identified a genetic window that explained 2.05-2.34% for each trait of the total genetic variance. We observed a clear partitioning of the four traits into two groups, and the most significant genomic region for AGE and ADG were located on the SSC 1, while BF and EMA were located on SSC 2. We conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), which revealed results in three biological processes, four cellular component, three molecular function, and six KEGG pathway. Significant SNPs can be used as markers for quantitative trait loci (QTL) investigation and genomic selection (GS) for productive traits in Landrace pig.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135592563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sang Hun Ha, Yo Han Choi, Jun Young Mun, Se Rin Park, Elick Kinara, Hyun Ju Park, Jun Seon Hong, Yong Min Kim, Jin Soo Kim
This study investigated the correlation between piglet performance and sow body weight change (BWC) during two gestational periods: 35-70, 70-105, and 35-105 days. A cohort of 70 sows was evaluated for body weight change (BWC), backfat thickness change (BFC), caliper score change (CALC), feed intake, and weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI). The collected data were then analyzed according to the two specified periods. Our findings highlighted that piglet birth weight, weaning weight, and average daily weight gain (ADG) correlated with sow body characteristics, including BFC and CALC. The strongest correlation was observed with BWC. Piglet mortality was intimately associated with BFC. Piglet birth weight, weaning weight, and ADG showed a positive correlation with sow BWC, particularly during the 35-70 day period. Furthermore, sows displaying a higher BWC during the 70-105 day period, and also exhibiting a higher BW gain from 35-70 days, registered greater piglet weight gains and higher weaning weights. These trends became more apparent as the sow
{"title":"Correlation between reproductive performance and sow body weight change during gestation","authors":"Sang Hun Ha, Yo Han Choi, Jun Young Mun, Se Rin Park, Elick Kinara, Hyun Ju Park, Jun Seon Hong, Yong Min Kim, Jin Soo Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e105","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the correlation between piglet performance and sow body weight change (BWC) during two gestational periods: 35-70, 70-105, and 35-105 days. A cohort of 70 sows was evaluated for body weight change (BWC), backfat thickness change (BFC), caliper score change (CALC), feed intake, and weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI). The collected data were then analyzed according to the two specified periods. Our findings highlighted that piglet birth weight, weaning weight, and average daily weight gain (ADG) correlated with sow body characteristics, including BFC and CALC. The strongest correlation was observed with BWC. Piglet mortality was intimately associated with BFC. Piglet birth weight, weaning weight, and ADG showed a positive correlation with sow BWC, particularly during the 35-70 day period. Furthermore, sows displaying a higher BWC during the 70-105 day period, and also exhibiting a higher BW gain from 35-70 days, registered greater piglet weight gains and higher weaning weights. These trends became more apparent as the sow","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Habeeb Tajudeen, SangHun Ha, JunYoung Mun, JinSoo Kim
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the physiochemical characteristics of three tertiary hybrids (crossbreeds) of pigs, with and without coffee supplementation. A total of fifty pigs of different mixed breeds Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc (LYD), Yorkshire × Berkshire (YB), and Yorkshire × Woori (YW); 113.45 kg ±3.33 kg) at age 190 days old were employed to measure the effect of spent coffee grounds from Gangneung-Si area of South Korea on the meat quality of pigs in the pigsty at the Kangwon National University Teaching and Research Farm using the 2 × 2 factorial arrangements. Our result shows that the fat percentage was higher (P<0.05) in YB and YW. pH was higher (p<0.05) in the YB breed. Meat colour a* was higher (p<0.05) in the YB and YW breeds. Meat colour b* was higher (p<0.05) in YW. Water holding capacity was higher (p<0.05) in the YB and YW breeds. Drip loss 6 was lower (p<0.05) in YB and YW. Cooking loss was higher (p<0.05) in LYD and YW breeds. The fatty acid components such as linolenic (C18:2), myristic (C14:0), and palmitoleic (C16:1) were higher (p<0.05) in the YB. Palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), and arachidic (C20:0) was higher (p<0.05) in YW. Lignoceric (C24:0) was higher (p<0.05) in LYD and YW. Unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) was higher (p<0.05) in YB and YW, while Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was higher (p<0.05) in YB. Monosaturated fatty acid (MUFA) / PUFA was higher (p<0.05) in LYD. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) was higher (p<0.05) in YW. UFA and MUFA were higher (p<0.05) in the YB. MUFA / PUFA were higher (p=0.05) in YB. We concluded from our results that YW and YB had close meat qualities in terms of firmness and flavour compared to LYD as the physiochemical characteristics of meat were improved. SCG supplemented at 0.5% had no detrimental effect on the parameters measured.
{"title":"A comparison of the physiochemical features of three tertiary hybrid pigs with and without spent coffee ground supplementation","authors":"Habeeb Tajudeen, SangHun Ha, JunYoung Mun, JinSoo Kim","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e106","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the physiochemical characteristics of three tertiary hybrids (crossbreeds) of pigs, with and without coffee supplementation. A total of fifty pigs of different mixed breeds Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc (LYD), Yorkshire × Berkshire (YB), and Yorkshire × Woori (YW); 113.45 kg ±3.33 kg) at age 190 days old were employed to measure the effect of spent coffee grounds from Gangneung-Si area of South Korea on the meat quality of pigs in the pigsty at the Kangwon National University Teaching and Research Farm using the 2 × 2 factorial arrangements. Our result shows that the fat percentage was higher (P&lt;0.05) in YB and YW. pH was higher (p&lt;0.05) in the YB breed. Meat colour a* was higher (p&lt;0.05) in the YB and YW breeds. Meat colour b* was higher (p&lt;0.05) in YW. Water holding capacity was higher (p&lt;0.05) in the YB and YW breeds. Drip loss 6 was lower (p&lt;0.05) in YB and YW. Cooking loss was higher (p&lt;0.05) in LYD and YW breeds. The fatty acid components such as linolenic (C18:2), myristic (C14:0), and palmitoleic (C16:1) were higher (p&lt;0.05) in the YB. Palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), and arachidic (C20:0) was higher (p&lt;0.05) in YW. Lignoceric (C24:0) was higher (p&lt;0.05) in LYD and YW. Unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) was higher (p&lt;0.05) in YB and YW, while Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was higher (p&lt;0.05) in YB. Monosaturated fatty acid (MUFA) / PUFA was higher (p&lt;0.05) in LYD. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) was higher (p&lt;0.05) in YW. UFA and MUFA were higher (p&lt;0.05) in the YB. MUFA / PUFA were higher (p=0.05) in YB. We concluded from our results that YW and YB had close meat qualities in terms of firmness and flavour compared to LYD as the physiochemical characteristics of meat were improved. SCG supplemented at 0.5% had no detrimental effect on the parameters measured.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135592703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyunok Doo, Jin Ho Cho, Minho Song, Eun Sol Kim, Sheena Kim, Gi Beom Keum, Jinok Kwak, Sriniwas Pandey, Sumin Ryu, Yejin Choi, Juyoun Kang, Hyeun Bum Kim, Ju-Hoon Lee
The Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) strain AK_C_05 was isolated from cheonggukjang, the Korean traditional food, collected from a local market in South Korea. In this report, we presented the complete genome sequence of E. faecium strain AK_C_05. The genome of E. faecium strain AK_C_05 genome consisted of one circular chromosome (2,691,319 bp) with a guanine + cytosine (GC) content of 38.3% and one circular plasmid (177,732 bp) with a guanine + cytosine (GC) content of 35.48%. The Annotation results revealed 2,827 protein-coding sequences (CDSs), 18 rRNAs, and 68 tRNA genes. It possesses genes, which encodes enzymes such as alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22), beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55) enabling efficient utilization of carbohydrates. Based on Clusters of Orthologous Groups analysis, E. faecium strain AK_C_05 showed specialization in carbohydrate transport and metabolism indicating the ability to generate energy using a variety of carbohydrates.
{"title":"Complete genome sequence of Enterococcus faecium strain AK_C_05 with potential characteristics applicable in livestock industry","authors":"Hyunok Doo, Jin Ho Cho, Minho Song, Eun Sol Kim, Sheena Kim, Gi Beom Keum, Jinok Kwak, Sriniwas Pandey, Sumin Ryu, Yejin Choi, Juyoun Kang, Hyeun Bum Kim, Ju-Hoon Lee","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e103","url":null,"abstract":"The <italic>Enterococcus faecium</italic> (<italic>E. faecium</italic>) strain AK_C_05 was isolated from cheonggukjang, the Korean traditional food, collected from a local market in South Korea. In this report, we presented the complete genome sequence of <italic>E. faecium</italic> strain AK_C_05. The genome of <italic>E. faecium</italic> strain AK_C_05 genome consisted of one circular chromosome (2,691,319 bp) with a guanine + cytosine (GC) content of 38.3% and one circular plasmid (177,732 bp) with a guanine + cytosine (GC) content of 35.48%. The Annotation results revealed 2,827 protein-coding sequences (CDSs), 18 rRNAs, and 68 tRNA genes. It possesses genes, which encodes enzymes such as alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22), beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55) enabling efficient utilization of carbohydrates. Based on Clusters of Orthologous Groups analysis, <italic>E. faecium</italic> strain AK_C_05 showed specialization in carbohydrate transport and metabolism indicating the ability to generate energy using a variety of carbohydrates.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135720196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Incorporating organic acids into cattle feed should be carefully considered because dietary organic acids may affect voluntary feed intake and rumen fermentation. We conducted a feeding trial for the practical evaluation of grain vinegar. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 19) were divided into two groups, then were subjected to each of two treatments in a crossover design. The rumen fermentation parameters, blood urea nitrogen and NEFA, milk composition, and milk fatty acid content were analyzed. No notable changes were observed in rumen fermentation parameters or blood metabolites. Corn silage intake, milk production, and 4% FCM were not affected by vinegar supplementation. The proportions of fatty acids in milk originating from de novo synthesis in the mammary gland were 25.2% and 25.4% in control and vinegar-fed groups, respectively. The levels of branched-chain fatty acids iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, and iso-C16:0 were substantially decreased by vinegar supplementation, are known to be related to rumen environmental stress. This study showed that feeding grain vinegar to lactating dairy cows had no effect on feed intake, rumen fermentation, or milk production, although the proportion of some branched-chain fatty acids in the milk decreased.
{"title":"Effect of grain vinegar feeding on milk production and fatty acid profile of Holstein cows","authors":"Seongjin Oh, Tomohiro Mitani, Masahito Kawai, Koichiro Ueda","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e102","url":null,"abstract":"Incorporating organic acids into cattle feed should be carefully considered because dietary organic acids may affect voluntary feed intake and rumen fermentation. We conducted a feeding trial for the practical evaluation of grain vinegar. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 19) were divided into two groups, then were subjected to each of two treatments in a crossover design. The rumen fermentation parameters, blood urea nitrogen and NEFA, milk composition, and milk fatty acid content were analyzed. No notable changes were observed in rumen fermentation parameters or blood metabolites. Corn silage intake, milk production, and 4% FCM were not affected by vinegar supplementation. The proportions of fatty acids in milk originating from de novo synthesis in the mammary gland were 25.2% and 25.4% in control and vinegar-fed groups, respectively. The levels of branched-chain fatty acids iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, and iso-C16:0 were substantially decreased by vinegar supplementation, are known to be related to rumen environmental stress. This study showed that feeding grain vinegar to lactating dairy cows had no effect on feed intake, rumen fermentation, or milk production, although the proportion of some branched-chain fatty acids in the milk decreased.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seung-Eun Lee, Han-Bi Lee, Jae-Wook Yoon, Hyo-Jin Park, So-Hee Kim, Dong-Hun Han, Eun-Seo Lim, Eun-Young Kim, Se-Pill Park
Porcine oocytes undergo in vitro maturation (IVM) for 42–44 h. During this period, most oocytes proceed to metaphase and then to pro-metaphase if the nucleus has sufficiently matured. Forty-four hours is sufficient for oocyte nuclear maturation but not for full maturation of the oocyte cytoplasm. This study investigated the influences of extension of the IVM duration with rapamycin treatment on molecular maturation factors. The phospho-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) level was enhanced in comparison with the total p44/42 MAPK level after 52 h of IVM. Oocytes were treated with and without 10 μM rapamycin (10 R and 0 R, respectively) and examined after 52 h of IVM, whereas control oocytes were examined after 44 h of IVM. Phospho-p44/42 MAPK activity was upregulated the 10 R and 0 R oocytes than in control oocytes. The expression levels of maternal genes were highest in 10 R oocytes and were higher in 0 R oocytes than in control oocytes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity was dramatically increased in 0 R oocytes but was similar in 10 R and control oocytes. The 10 R group exhibited an increased embryo development rate, a higher total cell number per blastocyst, and decreased DNA fragmentation. The mRNA level of development-related (POU5F1 and NANOG) mRNA, oocyte-apoptotic (BCL2L1) genes were highest in 10 R blastocysts. These results suggest that prolonged IVM duration with rapamycin treatment represses ROS production and increases expression of molecular maturation factors. Therefore, this is a good strategy to enhance the developmental capacity in porcine oocytes.
{"title":"Rapamycin Treatment During Prolonged In Vitro Maturation Enhances the Developmental Competence of Immature Porcine Oocytes","authors":"Seung-Eun Lee, Han-Bi Lee, Jae-Wook Yoon, Hyo-Jin Park, So-Hee Kim, Dong-Hun Han, Eun-Seo Lim, Eun-Young Kim, Se-Pill Park","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e101","url":null,"abstract":"Porcine oocytes undergo <italic>in vitro</italic> maturation (IVM) for 42–44 h. During this period, most oocytes proceed to metaphase and then to pro-metaphase if the nucleus has sufficiently matured. Forty-four hours is sufficient for oocyte nuclear maturation but not for full maturation of the oocyte cytoplasm. This study investigated the influences of extension of the IVM duration with rapamycin treatment on molecular maturation factors. The phospho-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) level was enhanced in comparison with the total p44/42 MAPK level after 52 h of IVM. Oocytes were treated with and without 10 μM rapamycin (10 R and 0 R, respectively) and examined after 52 h of IVM, whereas control oocytes were examined after 44 h of IVM. Phospho-p44/42 MAPK activity was upregulated the 10 R and 0 R oocytes than in control oocytes. The expression levels of maternal genes were highest in 10 R oocytes and were higher in 0 R oocytes than in control oocytes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity was dramatically increased in 0 R oocytes but was similar in 10 R and control oocytes. The 10 R group exhibited an increased embryo development rate, a higher total cell number per blastocyst, and decreased DNA fragmentation. The mRNA level of development-related (<italic>POU5F1 </italic>and<italic> NANOG) </italic>mRNA<italic>, </italic>oocyte-apoptotic (<italic>BCL2L1) </italic>genes were highest in 10 R blastocysts. These results suggest that prolonged IVM duration with rapamycin treatment represses ROS production and increases expression of molecular maturation factors. Therefore, this is a good strategy to enhance the developmental capacity in porcine oocytes.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135866357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subclinical ketosis (SCK) is a prevalent metabolic disorder that occurs during the transition to lactation period. It is defined as a high blood concentration of ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyric acid ≥ 1.2 mmol/L) within the first few weeks of lactation, and often presents without clinical signs. SCK is mainly caused by negative energy balance (NEB). The objective of this study is to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SCK using genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and to predict the biological functions of proximal genes using gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Blood samples were collected from 112 Holstein cows between 5 and 18 days postpartum to determine the incidence of SCK. Genomic DNA extracted from both SCK and healthy cows was examined using the Illumina Bovine SNP50K BeadChip for genotyping. GWAS revealed 194 putative SNPs and 163 genes associated with those SNPs. Additionally, GSEA showed that the genes retrieved by DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery) belonged to calcium signaling, starch and sucrose, immune network, and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the proximal genes were found to be related to germ cell and early embryo development. In summary, this study proposes several feasible SNPs and genes associated with SCK through GWAS and GSEA. These candidates can be utilized in selective breeding programs to reduce the genetic risk for SCK and subfertility in high-performance dairy cows.
亚临床酮症(SCK)是一种普遍的代谢紊乱，发生在过渡到哺乳期。定义为在哺乳期最初几周内出现高血酮体浓度(β -羟基丁酸≥1.2 mmol/L)，通常无临床体征。SCK主要由负能量平衡(NEB)引起。本研究的目的是利用全基因组关联研究(GWAS)鉴定与SCK相关的单核苷酸多态性(snp)，并利用基因集富集分析(GSEA)预测近端基因的生物学功能。收集112头产后5 ~ 18天的荷斯坦奶牛的血液样本，以确定SCK的发生率。使用Illumina牛SNP50K头芯片检测SCK和健康奶牛的基因组DNA进行基因分型。GWAS共发现194个假定的snp和163个与这些snp相关的基因。此外，GSEA显示，通过DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery)检索到的基因属于钙信号、淀粉和蔗糖、免疫网络和代谢途径。此外，发现近端基因与生殖细胞和早期胚胎发育有关。综上所述，本研究通过GWAS和GSEA提出了几个与SCK相关的可行snp和基因。这些候选品种可用于选择性育种计划，以降低高性能奶牛SCK和低育性的遗传风险。
{"title":"Identification of genomic regions and genes associated with subclinical ketosis in periparturient dairy cows","authors":"Jihwan Lee, KwangHyeon Cho, Kent Weigel, Heather White, ChangHee Do, Inchul Choi","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e97","url":null,"abstract":"Subclinical ketosis (SCK) is a prevalent metabolic disorder that occurs during the transition to lactation period. It is defined as a high blood concentration of ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyric acid ≥ 1.2 mmol/L) within the first few weeks of lactation, and often presents without clinical signs. SCK is mainly caused by negative energy balance (NEB). The objective of this study is to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SCK using genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and to predict the biological functions of proximal genes using gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Blood samples were collected from 112 Holstein cows between 5 and 18 days postpartum to determine the incidence of SCK. Genomic DNA extracted from both SCK and healthy cows was examined using the Illumina Bovine SNP50K BeadChip for genotyping. GWAS revealed 194 putative SNPs and 163 genes associated with those SNPs. Additionally, GSEA showed that the genes retrieved by DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery) belonged to calcium signaling, starch and sucrose, immune network, and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the proximal genes were found to be related to germ cell and early embryo development. In summary, this study proposes several feasible SNPs and genes associated with SCK through GWAS and GSEA. These candidates can be utilized in selective breeding programs to reduce the genetic risk for SCK and subfertility in high-performance dairy cows.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Al-Badwi, Emad Samara, Majdi Bahadi, Khalid Abdoun, Ayman Swelum, Abdullah Al-Owaimer, Ahmed Al-Haidary
In a journey exploring the influence of two external zeitgebers and their interaction on the biophysiological and productive performance of goat kids exposed to heat stress, 15 healthy Aardi male kids (6 months of age and 22.56±1.13 kg) individually housed in climatic chambers were allocated into three groups (5 kids/group). Kids in the first group (the control group, C) were placed under a normal light:dark (12L:12D) cycle and fed in the morning. Kids in the second group (T1) were fed in the morning but placed under a reversed 12D:12L cycle. Kids in the third group (T2) were placed under a reversed 12D:12L cycle and fed in the evening. During the experimental period (~5 weeks), kids were exposed to a hot condition (as manifest by the temperature-humidity index) using a biometeorologically simulated environment with a daily ambient temperature cycle of 25°C to 45°C, and multiple data (i.e., meteorology, biophysiology, and performance) were obtained. Reversing the lighting cycle alone (T1) and/or the simultaneous shifting of both the lighting cycle and feeding time protocol (T2) under hot climatic conditions had no influence on body rectal and skin temperatures as well as plasma concentrations of albumin and glucose. Kids in both treatments showed (p< 0.05) higher coat temperature and respiratory rate as well as plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol compared to the C group kids. Moreover, it was clearly evident that kids in T2 had (p< 0.05) reduced kids DFI, increased (p< 0.05) their ADG, which subsequently had been reflected on having (p< 0.05) better FCR compared to kids in other groups. Collectively, this would suggest that using such chrono-physiological management protocol had desynchronized the heat load emerging from the combined effects of both thermal stress and post-prandial metabolism. Compared to other protocols, our findings point out that simultaneous shifting of both lighting cycle and feeding time protocol might be suitable in enhancing the production performance of growing heat-stressed goats.
{"title":"A chrono-physiological management protocol in form of simultaneous shifting of both lighting-cycle and feeding-time can enhance the production performance of heat-stressed goat kids","authors":"Mohammed Al-Badwi, Emad Samara, Majdi Bahadi, Khalid Abdoun, Ayman Swelum, Abdullah Al-Owaimer, Ahmed Al-Haidary","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2023.e99","url":null,"abstract":"In a journey exploring the influence of two external zeitgebers and their interaction on the biophysiological and productive performance of goat kids exposed to heat stress, 15 healthy Aardi male kids (6 months of age and 22.56±1.13 kg) individually housed in climatic chambers were allocated into three groups (5 kids/group). Kids in the first group (the control group, C) were placed under a normal light:dark (12L:12D) cycle and fed in the morning. Kids in the second group (T1) were fed in the morning but placed under a reversed 12D:12L cycle. Kids in the third group (T2) were placed under a reversed 12D:12L cycle and fed in the evening. During the experimental period (~5 weeks), kids were exposed to a hot condition (as manifest by the temperature-humidity index) using a biometeorologically simulated environment with a daily ambient temperature cycle of 25°C to 45°C, and multiple data (i.e., meteorology, biophysiology, and performance) were obtained. Reversing the lighting cycle alone (T1) and/or the simultaneous shifting of both the lighting cycle and feeding time protocol (T2) under hot climatic conditions had no influence on body rectal and skin temperatures as well as plasma concentrations of albumin and glucose. Kids in both treatments showed (<italic>p</italic> <italic>&lt;</italic> 0.05) higher coat temperature and respiratory rate as well as plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol compared to the C group kids. Moreover, it was clearly evident that kids in T2 had (<italic>p</italic> <italic>&lt;</italic> 0.05) reduced kids DFI, increased (<italic>p</italic> <italic>&lt;</italic> 0.05) their ADG, which subsequently had been reflected on having (<italic>p</italic> <italic>&lt;</italic> 0.05) better FCR compared to kids in other groups. Collectively, this would suggest that using such chrono-physiological management protocol had desynchronized the heat load emerging from the combined effects of both thermal stress and post-prandial metabolism. Compared to other protocols, our findings point out that simultaneous shifting of both lighting cycle and feeding time protocol might be suitable in enhancing the production performance of growing heat-stressed goats.","PeriodicalId":14923,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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