Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.2.0034
M. Usman, Q. Zaman, B. Fatima, F. S. Awan, I. A. Rana
Different elite strains of Guava cultivars ‘Round’ and ‘Pyriform’ collected from a single locality were evaluated for phenotypic, physico-chemical and genetic variation. Phenotypic variability was observed in strains of ‘Round’ and ‘Pyriform’ cultivars in leaf and fruit physical traits. In ‘Round’ strains, variation in leaf shape and other traits were less compared to ‘Pyriform’ strains. Strains Gola No. 1 ‘G1’, Surahi ‘S’ and Large Surahi ‘LS’, had less seeds compared with other strains. Among ‘Round’ strain ‘G1’ and ‘Pyriform’ strain ‘LS’ were better for most of the physical traits. In chemical traits, TSS:TA and total sugars showed variation among strains and ‘Round’ strain Small Gola ‘SG’ and ‘Pyriform’ strain ‘S’ were better for TSS:TA and TS. Overall, non-reducing sugars were higher in ‘Round’ while other fruit physico-chemical traits were similar in both varieties. Five out of fifteen randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers produced 37 bands. Molecular variance was higher (74%) among strains compared with varieties (26%). Different strains of ‘Round’ and ‘Pyriform’ shaped cultivars were clustered as two distinct groups in the dendrogram generated by UPGMA method. The primers K1, K4 and K7 were highly polymorphic for selected guava genotypes. This base line study could be helpful in germplasm characterization, varietal identification and development of sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) marker associated to different traits.
{"title":"MORPHO-CHEMICAL DIVERSITY AND RAPD FINGERPRINTING IN WHITE FLESH GUAVA CULTIVARS","authors":"M. Usman, Q. Zaman, B. Fatima, F. S. Awan, I. A. Rana","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.2.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.2.0034","url":null,"abstract":"Different elite strains of Guava cultivars ‘Round’ and ‘Pyriform’ collected from a single locality were evaluated for phenotypic, physico-chemical and genetic variation. Phenotypic variability was observed in strains of ‘Round’ and ‘Pyriform’ cultivars in leaf and fruit physical traits. In ‘Round’ strains, variation in leaf shape and other traits were less compared to ‘Pyriform’ strains. Strains Gola No. 1 ‘G1’, Surahi ‘S’ and Large Surahi ‘LS’, had less seeds compared with other strains. Among ‘Round’ strain ‘G1’ and ‘Pyriform’ strain ‘LS’ were better for most of the physical traits. In chemical traits, TSS:TA and total sugars showed variation among strains and ‘Round’ strain Small Gola ‘SG’ and ‘Pyriform’ strain ‘S’ were better for TSS:TA and TS. Overall, non-reducing sugars were higher in ‘Round’ while other fruit physico-chemical traits were similar in both varieties. Five out of fifteen randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers produced 37 bands. Molecular variance was higher (74%) among strains compared with varieties (26%). Different strains of ‘Round’ and ‘Pyriform’ shaped cultivars were clustered as two distinct groups in the dendrogram generated by UPGMA method. The primers K1, K4 and K7 were highly polymorphic for selected guava genotypes. This base line study could be helpful in germplasm characterization, varietal identification and development of sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) marker associated to different traits.","PeriodicalId":14924,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87451095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.2.0055
M. M. Uddin, M. F. Ahsan, H. Lingfeng
Human-primates conflict is an important issue for the conservation of primate biodiversity globally. We reviewed research papers that have been published over the last 20 years on Bangladesh regarding the human-primates conflicts. We also identified primate species are involved in conflict, crop damage preference by primates and local peoples' perceptions towards primates. Our study suggests that three species (Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta, Capped langur Trachypithecus pileatus, and Common langur Semnopithecus entellus) are mostly involved in the conflict with humans. Crop damage is the main cause of human-primates conflict in Bangladesh. Decreasing of forest covers and increasing of human settlements in and around the forests are responsible for enhancing conflict with the non-human primates. Moreover, people’s aggressive behaviors are responsible to cause primates to conflict with humans. People perception mostly towards the non forested primate species are more aggressive than forested primate, this is due to economic damages to the local people by primates. The progress of research regarding human-primates conflict indicates that after 2011, researchers are more concerned with human-primates conflict research than in or before 2001. This concerned attention of researchers about human-primates conflicts indicates that in Bangladesh these types of conflict may increase
{"title":"HUMAN – PRIMATES CONFLICT IN BANGLADESH: A REVIEW","authors":"M. M. Uddin, M. F. Ahsan, H. Lingfeng","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.2.0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.2.0055","url":null,"abstract":"Human-primates conflict is an important issue for the conservation of primate biodiversity globally. We reviewed research papers that have been published over the last 20 years on Bangladesh regarding the human-primates conflicts. We also identified primate species are involved in conflict, crop damage preference by primates and local peoples' perceptions towards primates. Our study suggests that three species (Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta, Capped langur Trachypithecus pileatus, and Common langur Semnopithecus entellus) are mostly involved in the conflict with humans. Crop damage is the main cause of human-primates conflict in Bangladesh. Decreasing of forest covers and increasing of human settlements in and around the forests are responsible for enhancing conflict with the non-human primates. Moreover, people’s aggressive behaviors are responsible to cause primates to conflict with humans. People perception mostly towards the non forested primate species are more aggressive than forested primate, this is due to economic damages to the local people by primates. The progress of research regarding human-primates conflict indicates that after 2011, researchers are more concerned with human-primates conflict research than in or before 2001. This concerned attention of researchers about human-primates conflicts indicates that in Bangladesh these types of conflict may increase","PeriodicalId":14924,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74992605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.1.0005
S. Murtaza, A. Sattar, N. Ahmad, M. Ijaz, T. Omer, M. Akhtar, M. Shahzad
It is a common perception among dairy farmers in Pakistan that oxytocin (OT) injection negatively effects on buffalo reproduction parameters. Therefore, current study was conducted to investigate the outcomes of OT on numbers of AI per conception, pregnancy rate, embryonic and fetal losses (EFL). For this purpose, Nili-Ravi buffaloes (n=23) were randomly divided into three groups, G1; n=7 (control), G2; n=8 (low dose 10 i.u.) and G3; n=8 (high dose 30 i.u.). The OT injection was given twice daily at morning and evening milking until 154 days post calving. At heat, AI was performed. Ultrasonography and blood sampling were done on days 30, 45 and 60 post AI to monitor pregnancy and progesterone, respectively. Results showed significant (P≤0.05) increase of AI services per conception in G2 & G3 as compared to G1. Furthermore, results revealed that chances of the animals to become pregnant were 0.227 and 0.094 times in low (G2) and high doses (G3) in comparison to control (G1), respectively, and was lower significantly (P≤0.05). Similarly, pregnancy rate was remained unaffected and was non-significant (P>0.05) on day 45 vs day 30. However, it was significantly (P≤0.05) lower on day 60 vs day 30. Overall, pregnancy rate was decreased (P≤0.05) in oxytocin treatments comparable to control. Parity and days in milk had no significant effect on pregnancy rate among treatments (G1, G2 and G3), respectively. Moreover, EFL losses were non-significant (P>0.05) among treatments but losses trend was more in G2 & G3 parallel to G1. Result also showed non-significant (P>0.05) decrease in P4 on days 30 and 45 while significant (P≤0.05) on day 60 in G2 & G3 as compared to G1 among treatment groups. It may be concluded that long term OT injections of both low and high doses cause significant losses in terms of increase in AI services per conception and decrease pregnancy rate with higher EFL in Nili-Ravi buffaloes.
{"title":"LONG TERM ADMINISTRATION OF EXOGENOUS OXYTOCIN: EFFECTS ON PREGNANCY RATE, AND EMBRYONIC AND FETAL LOSSES IN NILI-RAVI BUFFALOES","authors":"S. Murtaza, A. Sattar, N. Ahmad, M. Ijaz, T. Omer, M. Akhtar, M. Shahzad","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.1.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.1.0005","url":null,"abstract":"It is a common perception among dairy farmers in Pakistan that oxytocin (OT) injection negatively effects on buffalo reproduction parameters. Therefore, current study was conducted to investigate the outcomes of OT on numbers of AI per conception, pregnancy rate, embryonic and fetal losses (EFL). For this purpose, Nili-Ravi buffaloes (n=23) were randomly divided into three groups, G1; n=7 (control), G2; n=8 (low dose 10 i.u.) and G3; n=8 (high dose 30 i.u.). The OT injection was given twice daily at morning and evening milking until 154 days post calving. At heat, AI was performed. Ultrasonography and blood sampling were done on days 30, 45 and 60 post AI to monitor pregnancy and progesterone, respectively. Results showed significant (P≤0.05) increase of AI services per conception in G2 & G3 as compared to G1. Furthermore, results revealed that chances of the animals to become pregnant were 0.227 and 0.094 times in low (G2) and high doses (G3) in comparison to control (G1), respectively, and was lower significantly (P≤0.05). Similarly, pregnancy rate was remained unaffected and was non-significant (P>0.05) on day 45 vs day 30. However, it was significantly (P≤0.05) lower on day 60 vs day 30. Overall, pregnancy rate was decreased (P≤0.05) in oxytocin treatments comparable to control. Parity and days in milk had no significant effect on pregnancy rate among treatments (G1, G2 and G3), respectively. Moreover, EFL losses were non-significant (P>0.05) among treatments but losses trend was more in G2 & G3 parallel to G1. Result also showed non-significant (P>0.05) decrease in P4 on days 30 and 45 while significant (P≤0.05) on day 60 in G2 & G3 as compared to G1 among treatment groups. It may be concluded that long term OT injections of both low and high doses cause significant losses in terms of increase in AI services per conception and decrease pregnancy rate with higher EFL in Nili-Ravi buffaloes.","PeriodicalId":14924,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78825362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.1.0024
N. Gulzar, A. Sameen, S. Rafiq, N. Huma, M. Murtaza
Various blends of Mozzarella with 2 and 4 months semi-ripened Cheddar cheese were mixed at levels of 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 respectively. Effect of different blends of cheeses on baking performance, viscosity and microstructure of pizza cheese were studied. The results showed that L* (whiteness) and -ve a*-values (green color) before and after cooking were significantly (P<0.05) decreased with increasing level and age of Cheddar cheese. The whiteness L* before and after cooking at 75:25 Mozzarella and 2 months semi-ripened Cheddar cheese was (79.45, 83.30) respectively. The values of whiteness before and after cooking at 25:75 Mozzarella and 4 months semi-ripened Cheddar cheese was reduced to 62.41, 79.68 respectively. Viscoelastic behavior showed that “Hot Apparent Viscosity” (HAV) decreased (971.67cP, 655.33cP) while time at 5000 cP viscosity (T5) increased (8.09S, 10.34S) significantly (P<0.05) with increasing proportion and ripening of Cheddar cheese. Microstructure indicated that size of serum channels reduced with higher level and ripening of cheddar cheese. In conclusion baking performance, viscosity and microstructure of Pizza cheese blends are affected by the ripening and blending of fresh and aged cheeses.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF MOZZARELLA AND CHEDDAR CHEESE BLENDING ON BAKING PERFORMANCE, VISCOSITY AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF PIZZA CHEESE BLENDS","authors":"N. Gulzar, A. Sameen, S. Rafiq, N. Huma, M. Murtaza","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.1.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.1.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Various blends of Mozzarella with 2 and 4 months semi-ripened Cheddar cheese were mixed at levels of 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 respectively. Effect of different blends of cheeses on baking performance, viscosity and microstructure of pizza cheese were studied. The results showed that L* (whiteness) and -ve a*-values (green color) before and after cooking were significantly (P<0.05) decreased with increasing level and age of Cheddar cheese. The whiteness L* before and after cooking at 75:25 Mozzarella and 2 months semi-ripened Cheddar cheese was (79.45, 83.30) respectively. The values of whiteness before and after cooking at 25:75 Mozzarella and 4 months semi-ripened Cheddar cheese was reduced to 62.41, 79.68 respectively. Viscoelastic behavior showed that “Hot Apparent Viscosity” (HAV) decreased (971.67cP, 655.33cP) while time at 5000 cP viscosity (T5) increased (8.09S, 10.34S) significantly (P<0.05) with increasing proportion and ripening of Cheddar cheese. Microstructure indicated that size of serum channels reduced with higher level and ripening of cheddar cheese. In conclusion baking performance, viscosity and microstructure of Pizza cheese blends are affected by the ripening and blending of fresh and aged cheeses.","PeriodicalId":14924,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81958849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.2.0035
Seme, Kukuruza, Seme Kukuruza
Silage maize quality is crucial for yield parameter. However, there is little unknown regarding to GGE-biplot analysis for Genotype-Environment Interactions. For this purpose, experiments were conducted in 6 different environments in randomized blocks design with 3 replications. Effects of genotypes, environments and genotype x environment interactions (GEI) on dry hay yield (DHY) and 8 other quality traits of dry hay [crude protein content (CPC), crude protein yield (CPY), crude ash content (CAC), relative feed value (RFV), dry matter digestibility (DMD), dry matter intake (DMI), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF)] of 25 silage maize genotypes were investigated. GGE-biplot analysis was used for GEI analysis of 9 traits. Biplot graph axes of the traits were able to explain the least 40.08% of the total variation in CPC and the most 69.6% of the total variation in DHY. It was observed through assessing all traits together that the genotypes of SAFAK and BURAK were placed in ideal genotype section and the genotypes of WAYNE and 30B74 were placed in the stable portion of desirable genotype section for DHY, which is the most significant quality trait in silage maize culture. Besides them, the genotypes, SEME KUKURUZA 877, SEME KUKURUZA 873, DKC 6589 and DKC 7211 were identified as stable genotypes. Furthermore, the genotype 6 was identified as a stable genotype with the best adaptation for ADF, NDF and DMD, the genotype BURAK for crude ash content, the genotype ADV 2898 for crude protein content, the genotype SAFAK for crude protein yield and the genotypes DKC 6590 and DIAN for RFV.
{"title":"GGE-BIPLOT ANALYSIS FOR GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN SOME QUALITY TRAITS OF SILAGE MAIZE GENOTYPES","authors":"Seme, Kukuruza, Seme Kukuruza","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.2.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.2.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Silage maize quality is crucial for yield parameter. However, there is little unknown regarding to GGE-biplot analysis for Genotype-Environment Interactions. For this purpose, experiments were conducted in 6 different environments in randomized blocks design with 3 replications. Effects of genotypes, environments and genotype x environment interactions (GEI) on dry hay yield (DHY) and 8 other quality traits of dry hay [crude protein content (CPC), crude protein yield (CPY), crude ash content (CAC), relative feed value (RFV), dry matter digestibility (DMD), dry matter intake (DMI), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF)] of 25 silage maize genotypes were investigated. GGE-biplot analysis was used for GEI analysis of 9 traits. Biplot graph axes of the traits were able to explain the least 40.08% of the total variation in CPC and the most 69.6% of the total variation in DHY. It was observed through assessing all traits together that the genotypes of SAFAK and BURAK were placed in ideal genotype section and the genotypes of WAYNE and 30B74 were placed in the stable portion of desirable genotype section for DHY, which is the most significant quality trait in silage maize culture. Besides them, the genotypes, SEME KUKURUZA 877, SEME KUKURUZA 873, DKC 6589 and DKC 7211 were identified as stable genotypes. Furthermore, the genotype 6 was identified as a stable genotype with the best adaptation for ADF, NDF and DMD, the genotype BURAK for crude ash content, the genotype ADV 2898 for crude protein content, the genotype SAFAK for crude protein yield and the genotypes DKC 6590 and DIAN for RFV.","PeriodicalId":14924,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80952924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.3.0071
M. Saadullah, Z. Iqbal, M. Imran, M. N. Haque, Hifzulrahman, J. A. Bhatti, M. Abdullah
Improved feeding during pre-calving phase affects the Body Condition Score (BCS) that subsequently dictate the postcalving productive and reproductive performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of three levels of concentrate supplementation [0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of body weight (BW)] during pre-calving period on post-calving reproductive and lactation performance in Nili Ravi buffalo heifers. Twenty-six pregnant Nili-Ravi buffalo heifers at 150 ± 20 [Mean ± standard deviation (SD)] days in pregnancy with (BW=516± 57 KG, BCS (1-5) =3.98± 0.18) were selected and divided into three treatment groups; Low (n=8), Medium (n=9) and High (n=9) and allocated three dietary treatments. The treatments were basal diets composed of green fodder [dry matter (DM) = 2.0% of body weight (BW)] with three levels of Concentrates (CP=20.9 %, ME= 2.62 Mcal/kg) i.e. 0.5 (Low), 1.0 (Medium), and 1.5% (High) of the BW. The animals received same feed (forage DM at the rate of 2% of BW and concentrate at 0.5 kg per liter of milk produced on as fed basis) after calving. Increasing concentrate supplies from 0.5 to 1.5% of BW increased pre-calving dry matter intake (DMI), however, it didn’t affect BW and BCS at calving. Increased concentrate supply at 1.5% of BW resulted in decrease in post calving conception rate to 33% as compared to 75 and 77.8% at 0.5 and 1.0% of BW concentrate supply. The treatment High decreased lactation length (15%) and yield (17%) as compared to Low and Medium treatment. Pre-calving supplementation of concentrate beyond 0.5% of BW showed no improvement of postcalving productive and reproductive performance. In the given dietary situation, the Nili Ravi heifers didn’t require more than 0.5% of BW concentrate along with 2.0% of BW green fodder DM during post 150 days of pregnancy.
{"title":"EFFECT OF STEAMING-UP PRIMIPAROUS NILI RAVI BUFFALOES ON SUBSEQUENT PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE","authors":"M. Saadullah, Z. Iqbal, M. Imran, M. N. Haque, Hifzulrahman, J. A. Bhatti, M. Abdullah","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.3.0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.3.0071","url":null,"abstract":"Improved feeding during pre-calving phase affects the Body Condition Score (BCS) that subsequently dictate the postcalving productive and reproductive performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of three levels of concentrate supplementation [0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of body weight (BW)] during pre-calving period on post-calving reproductive and lactation performance in Nili Ravi buffalo heifers. Twenty-six pregnant Nili-Ravi buffalo heifers at 150 ± 20 [Mean ± standard deviation (SD)] days in pregnancy with (BW=516± 57 KG, BCS (1-5) =3.98± 0.18) were selected and divided into three treatment groups; Low (n=8), Medium (n=9) and High (n=9) and allocated three dietary treatments. The treatments were basal diets composed of green fodder [dry matter (DM) = 2.0% of body weight (BW)] with three levels of Concentrates (CP=20.9 %, ME= 2.62 Mcal/kg) i.e. 0.5 (Low), 1.0 (Medium), and 1.5% (High) of the BW. The animals received same feed (forage DM at the rate of 2% of BW and concentrate at 0.5 kg per liter of milk produced on as fed basis) after calving. Increasing concentrate supplies from 0.5 to 1.5% of BW increased pre-calving dry matter intake (DMI), however, it didn’t affect BW and BCS at calving. Increased concentrate supply at 1.5% of BW resulted in decrease in post calving conception rate to 33% as compared to 75 and 77.8% at 0.5 and 1.0% of BW concentrate supply. The treatment High decreased lactation length (15%) and yield (17%) as compared to Low and Medium treatment. Pre-calving supplementation of concentrate beyond 0.5% of BW showed no improvement of postcalving productive and reproductive performance. In the given dietary situation, the Nili Ravi heifers didn’t require more than 0.5% of BW concentrate along with 2.0% of BW green fodder DM during post 150 days of pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":14924,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73897931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.2.0059
M. A. Hassan, I. Bodlah, Mushtaq Ahmad, A. R. Kayani, K. Mahmood
The genus Graptomyza Wiedemann, 1820, is newly recorded from Pakistan. Two species of the genus are reported: Graptomyza flavonotata Brunetti, 1917 and Graptomyza brevirostris Wiedemann, 1820 for the first time from Pakistan. An identification key to these newly recorded species, their diagnostic characters, distribution, host plants and photographs are provided for the taxonomic study.
{"title":"FIRST RECORD OF THE GENUS GRAPTOMYZA WIEDEMANN, 1830 (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE) FROM PAKISTAN","authors":"M. A. Hassan, I. Bodlah, Mushtaq Ahmad, A. R. Kayani, K. Mahmood","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.2.0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.2.0059","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Graptomyza Wiedemann, 1820, is newly recorded from Pakistan. Two species of the genus are reported: Graptomyza flavonotata Brunetti, 1917 and Graptomyza brevirostris Wiedemann, 1820 for the first time from Pakistan. An identification key to these newly recorded species, their diagnostic characters, distribution, host plants and photographs are provided for the taxonomic study.","PeriodicalId":14924,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77666480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.3.0073
K. Zahra, M. Imran, M. Zahoor, K. Ashraf, K. Jaffry, A. Nadeem, I. Rashid, M. Younas, M. Akhtar, W. Shehzad
Inherited disorders have serious implications for cattle production and breeding programs. Structural or physiological abnormalities and neonate lethality have negative impacts on breeding populations. Complex vertebral malformation (CVM) and bovine citrullinemia (BC) are heritable congenital syndromes having autosomal recessive basis among cattle breeds worldwide. CVM affected malformed foetuses either get aborted or have evident skeletal deformities upon birth and die during early postnatal period. CVM is caused by a missense substitution (G→T) in uridine diphosphate Nacetylglucosamine transporter encoded by SLC35A3 gene (at position 559). Citrullinemia is a heritable metabolic disorder of urea cycle enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency which occurs due to a transition (C→T) within exon 5 (codon 86) of ASS1 gene with neurological complications during first week after birth. Both of these fatal disorders have been reported from all over the world in Bos taurus but there is a lack of literature on buffaloes. The present study was carried out to detect CVM and BC carriers among the Pakistani indigenous trans-husbandry water buffalo breed, Nili-Ravi (Bubalus bubalis). In this study, the genetic screening for the target point mutations was carried out using healthy elite buffalo bulls (n=152). Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood and SLC35A3 gene target sequence (281 bp) and ASS1gene target sequence (505 bp) were amplified using PCR. Amplified PCR products were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing was performed. No carriers were detected among the study sample, however, a novel transversion (c.250C>A) was detected in amplified ASS1 gene fragment. Although, findings of this study confirmed absence of CVM and citrullinemia carriers among the Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls but the presence of carrier animals cannot be ruled out in studies involving larger sample sizes. This genetic screening was carried out for the first time in Pakistani buffaloes which can be used in genetic screening of CVM or BC carrier animals in the future. Further research is recommended in order to enhance the existing data regarding CVM and BC carriers among Bubalus bubalis.
{"title":"MOLECULAR SCREENING OF COMPLEX VERTEBRAL MALFORMATION AND CITRULLINEMIA CARRIERS IN PAKISTANI NILI-RAVI BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS) BREEDING BULLS","authors":"K. Zahra, M. Imran, M. Zahoor, K. Ashraf, K. Jaffry, A. Nadeem, I. Rashid, M. Younas, M. Akhtar, W. Shehzad","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.3.0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.3.0073","url":null,"abstract":"Inherited disorders have serious implications for cattle production and breeding programs. Structural or physiological abnormalities and neonate lethality have negative impacts on breeding populations. Complex vertebral malformation (CVM) and bovine citrullinemia (BC) are heritable congenital syndromes having autosomal recessive basis among cattle breeds worldwide. CVM affected malformed foetuses either get aborted or have evident skeletal deformities upon birth and die during early postnatal period. CVM is caused by a missense substitution (G→T) in uridine diphosphate Nacetylglucosamine transporter encoded by SLC35A3 gene (at position 559). Citrullinemia is a heritable metabolic disorder of urea cycle enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency which occurs due to a transition (C→T) within exon 5 (codon 86) of ASS1 gene with neurological complications during first week after birth. Both of these fatal disorders have been reported from all over the world in Bos taurus but there is a lack of literature on buffaloes. The present study was carried out to detect CVM and BC carriers among the Pakistani indigenous trans-husbandry water buffalo breed, Nili-Ravi (Bubalus bubalis). In this study, the genetic screening for the target point mutations was carried out using healthy elite buffalo bulls (n=152). Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood and SLC35A3 gene target sequence (281 bp) and ASS1gene target sequence (505 bp) were amplified using PCR. Amplified PCR products were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing was performed. No carriers were detected among the study sample, however, a novel transversion (c.250C>A) was detected in amplified ASS1 gene fragment. Although, findings of this study confirmed absence of CVM and citrullinemia carriers among the Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls but the presence of carrier animals cannot be ruled out in studies involving larger sample sizes. This genetic screening was carried out for the first time in Pakistani buffaloes which can be used in genetic screening of CVM or BC carrier animals in the future. Further research is recommended in order to enhance the existing data regarding CVM and BC carriers among Bubalus bubalis.","PeriodicalId":14924,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89250725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.1.0003
H. Waheed, M. Moaeen-ud-Din, M. Saif-ur-Rehman, M. S. Nawaz-ul-Rehman
The aim of the present study was to predict live body weight from several body measurements in Beetal goats at various ages. Data on live body weight and linear body measurements taken from Beetal goats were recorded from six private herds and two government farms of Punjab, Pakistan. Final data file contained 5011 observations of live body weight (LBW) and different body measurements i.e. whither height (WH), body length (BL), chest girth (CG), chest width (CW) and pin bone width (PW). The quantitative traits were recorded by hanging balance (for LBW) and tailor’s tape (for all others) from January 2016 to May 2017. The ages of animals were divided into thirty-seven classes with birth age class declared as 0, monthly age class 1 (1-30 days) and so on up to monthly age class 36 (1051-1080d). The overall birth and 36 month averages of LBW, WH, BL, CG, CW and PW were found 3.34 & 80.21(kg), 33.61 & 92.91, 25.11 & 84.86, 30.96 & 93.30, 8.88 & 26.21 and 4.69 & 14.00 (cm), respectively. All the body measurements showed highly significant effect on LBW of animals at 3 and 21 months of age (P ≤ 0.05). The CG was highly significantly related to LBW in all monthly age classes with the exception of 0, 1, 2 and 7 months (P ≤ 0.05). The PW had non-significant effect on LWB for all monthly age classes with the exception of 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 21, 32 and 35 months. The WH had highly significant effect on LBW of animals in monthly age classes of 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21 and 35. The BL in general showed significant effect on LBW up to 26 months of age. In agreement to regression results, CG had strong positive phenotypic correlation (0.921, P≤0.05) with LBW, followed by BL (0.875, P≤0.05), WH (0.864, P ≤ 0.05), CW (0.777, P ≤ 0.05) and PW (0.725 P ≤ 0.05). The value of R-squared of linear regression model is 0.85. In conclusion, CG, BL, WH, CW and PW may be used for predicting live body weight in Beetal goat in the order of priority. These body measurements may be combined in an index with appropriate weights to more accurately predict live body weight under field conditions. Considering precisely estimated genetic parameters for all these traits, the body measurement traits may also be used for indirect genetic selection for improved growth rate in Beetal goat.
{"title":"PREDICTION OF MONTHLY BODY WEIGHT FROM BODY MEASUREMENTS IN BEETAL GOATS REARED UNDER FIELD AND FARM CONDITIONS","authors":"H. Waheed, M. Moaeen-ud-Din, M. Saif-ur-Rehman, M. S. Nawaz-ul-Rehman","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.1.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.1.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to predict live body weight from several body measurements in Beetal goats at various ages. Data on live body weight and linear body measurements taken from Beetal goats were recorded from six private herds and two government farms of Punjab, Pakistan. Final data file contained 5011 observations of live body weight (LBW) and different body measurements i.e. whither height (WH), body length (BL), chest girth (CG), chest width (CW) and pin bone width (PW). The quantitative traits were recorded by hanging balance (for LBW) and tailor’s tape (for all others) from January 2016 to May 2017. The ages of animals were divided into thirty-seven classes with birth age class declared as 0, monthly age class 1 (1-30 days) and so on up to monthly age class 36 (1051-1080d). The overall birth and 36 month averages of LBW, WH, BL, CG, CW and PW were found 3.34 & 80.21(kg), 33.61 & 92.91, 25.11 & 84.86, 30.96 & 93.30, 8.88 & 26.21 and 4.69 & 14.00 (cm), respectively. All the body measurements showed highly significant effect on LBW of animals at 3 and 21 months of age (P ≤ 0.05). The CG was highly significantly related to LBW in all monthly age classes with the exception of 0, 1, 2 and 7 months (P ≤ 0.05). The PW had non-significant effect on LWB for all monthly age classes with the exception of 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 21, 32 and 35 months. The WH had highly significant effect on LBW of animals in monthly age classes of 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21 and 35. The BL in general showed significant effect on LBW up to 26 months of age. In agreement to regression results, CG had strong positive phenotypic correlation (0.921, P≤0.05) with LBW, followed by BL (0.875, P≤0.05), WH (0.864, P ≤ 0.05), CW (0.777, P ≤ 0.05) and PW (0.725 P ≤ 0.05). The value of R-squared of linear regression model is 0.85. In conclusion, CG, BL, WH, CW and PW may be used for predicting live body weight in Beetal goat in the order of priority. These body measurements may be combined in an index with appropriate weights to more accurately predict live body weight under field conditions. Considering precisely estimated genetic parameters for all these traits, the body measurement traits may also be used for indirect genetic selection for improved growth rate in Beetal goat.","PeriodicalId":14924,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80157663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.3.0061
H. A. Aguzey, Z. Gao, H. H. Wu, G. Cheng, Z. Wu, J. H. Chen, Z. Niu
Palm kernel cake is a very important agro-industrial by-product from the production of palm kernel oil. It contains a lot of nutrients needed by chicken for growth and productivity but this potential is hindered because of the presence of mannan and other anti-nutritional factors. Mannans are made up of simple sugar D-mannose. Mannans comprise of a linear backbone of mannose residues joined by β-1, 4-mannosidic linkages comprising glucomannan, galactomannan and galactoglucomannan depending on carbohydrates or acid substitutions in the backbone. Enzymes have the ability to degrade this mannan component in order to make the nutrients available to the animals. Mannanoligosaccharides improve the development of small intestine of chicks during preand post-hatch periods, increasing the villi height, crypt depth and number of goblet cells per villus on the day of hatch. The activities of these enzymes help in increasing the population of beneficial microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract of chicken. The surge in the beneficial microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal region of chicken helps in boosting their immune system. Feeding palm kernel cake promotes growth and prevents diseases by boosting the immune system of broilers.
{"title":"ENZYMATIC TREATMENT OF PALM KERNEL CAKE IMPROVES INTESTINAL HEALTH, GUT MICROBIOTA AND IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BROILERS","authors":"H. A. Aguzey, Z. Gao, H. H. Wu, G. Cheng, Z. Wu, J. H. Chen, Z. Niu","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.3.0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.3.0061","url":null,"abstract":"Palm kernel cake is a very important agro-industrial by-product from the production of palm kernel oil. It contains a lot of nutrients needed by chicken for growth and productivity but this potential is hindered because of the presence of mannan and other anti-nutritional factors. Mannans are made up of simple sugar D-mannose. Mannans comprise of a linear backbone of mannose residues joined by β-1, 4-mannosidic linkages comprising glucomannan, galactomannan and galactoglucomannan depending on carbohydrates or acid substitutions in the backbone. Enzymes have the ability to degrade this mannan component in order to make the nutrients available to the animals. Mannanoligosaccharides improve the development of small intestine of chicks during preand post-hatch periods, increasing the villi height, crypt depth and number of goblet cells per villus on the day of hatch. The activities of these enzymes help in increasing the population of beneficial microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract of chicken. The surge in the beneficial microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal region of chicken helps in boosting their immune system. Feeding palm kernel cake promotes growth and prevents diseases by boosting the immune system of broilers.","PeriodicalId":14924,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84537152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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