Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.04.032
Background
Months after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, at least 10% of patients still experience complaints. Long-COVID (coronavirus disease 2019) is a heterogeneous disease, and clustering efforts revealed multiple phenotypes on a clinical level. However, the molecular pathways underlying long-COVID phenotypes are still poorly understood.
Objectives
We sought to cluster patients according to their blood transcriptomes and uncover the pathways underlying their disease.
Methods
Blood was collected from 77 patients with long-COVID from the Precision Medicine for more Oxygen (P4O2) COVID-19 study. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed on the whole blood transcriptome. These clusters were analyzed for differences in clinical features, pulmonary function tests, and gene ontology term enrichment.
Results
Clustering revealed 2 distinct clusters on a transcriptome level. Compared with cluster 2 (n = 65), patients in cluster 1 (n = 12) showed a higher rate of preexisting cardiovascular disease (58% vs 22%), higher prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms (58% vs 29%), shorter hospital duration during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (median, 3 vs 8 days), lower FEV1/forced vital capacity (72% vs 81%), and lower diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (68% vs 85% predicted). Gene ontology term enrichment analysis revealed upregulation of genes involved in the antiviral innate immune response in cluster 1, whereas genes involved with the adaptive immune response were upregulated in cluster 2.
Conclusions
This study provides a start in uncovering the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying long-COVID. Further research is required to unravel why the immune response is different in these clusters, and to identify potential therapeutic targets to create an optimized treatment or monitoring strategy for the individual long-COVID patient.
背景在感染严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2数月后,至少有10%的患者仍有不适症状。长COVID(冠状病毒病2019)是一种异质性疾病,聚类工作揭示了临床上的多种表型。目标我们试图根据患者的血液转录组对其进行聚类,并揭示其疾病的基础通路。方法我们从更多氧气的精准医学(P4O2)COVID-19研究中收集了77名长COVID患者的血液。对全血转录组进行了无监督分层聚类。结果聚类在转录组水平上发现了两个不同的群组。与第2群组(n = 65)相比,第1群组(n = 12)的患者患有心血管疾病的比例更高(58% vs 22%),胃肠道症状发生率更高(58% vs 29%),感染严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2的住院时间更短(中位数为3天 vs 8天),FEV1/肺活量更低(72% vs 81%),肺对一氧化碳的弥散能力更低(68% vs 85%预测值)。基因本体术语富集分析显示,群组 1 中参与抗病毒先天免疫反应的基因上调,而群组 2 中参与适应性免疫反应的基因上调。还需要进一步的研究来揭示这些群组中免疫反应不同的原因,并确定潜在的治疗靶点,从而为长程COVID患者制定优化的治疗或监测策略。
{"title":"Whole blood transcriptome in long-COVID patients reveals association with lung function and immune response","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.04.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.04.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Months after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, at least 10% of patients still experience complaints. Long-COVID (coronavirus disease 2019) is a heterogeneous disease, and clustering efforts revealed multiple phenotypes on a clinical level. However, the molecular pathways underlying long-COVID phenotypes are still poorly understood.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We sought to cluster patients according to their blood transcriptomes and uncover the pathways underlying their disease.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Blood was collected from 77 patients with long-COVID from the Precision Medicine for more Oxygen (P4O2) COVID-19 study. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed on the whole blood transcriptome. These clusters were analyzed for differences in clinical features, pulmonary function tests, and gene ontology term enrichment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Clustering revealed 2 distinct clusters on a transcriptome level. Compared with cluster 2 (n = 65), patients in cluster 1 (n = 12) showed a higher rate of preexisting cardiovascular disease (58% vs 22%), higher prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms (58% vs 29%), shorter hospital duration during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (median, 3 vs 8 days), lower FEV<sub>1</sub>/forced vital capacity (72% vs 81%), and lower diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (68% vs 85% predicted). Gene ontology term enrichment analysis revealed upregulation of genes involved in the antiviral innate immune response in cluster 1, whereas genes involved with the adaptive immune response were upregulated in cluster 2.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study provides a start in uncovering the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying long-COVID. Further research is required to unravel why the immune response is different in these clusters, and to identify potential therapeutic targets to create an optimized treatment or monitoring strategy for the individual long-COVID patient.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674924005669/pdfft?md5=f62b92f847558969da05210d4b002b95&pid=1-s2.0-S0091674924005669-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141232477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.04.018
Background
Autoimmune cytopenias (AICs) regularly occur in profoundly IgG-deficient patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). The isotypes, antigenic targets, and origin(s) of their disease-causing autoantibodies are unclear.
Objective
We sought to determine reactivity, clonality, and provenance of AIC-associated IgM autoantibodies in patients with CVID.
Methods
We used glycan arrays, patient erythrocytes, and platelets to determine targets of CVID IgM autoantibodies. Glycan-binding profiles were used to identify autoreactive clones across B-cell subsets, specifically circulating marginal zone (MZ) B cells, for sorting and IGH sequencing. The locations, transcriptomes, and responses of tonsillar MZ B cells to different TH- cell subsets were determined by confocal microscopy, RNA-sequencing, and cocultures, respectively.
Results
Autoreactive IgM coated erythrocytes and platelets from many CVID patients with AICs (CVID+AIC). On glycan arrays, CVID+AIC plasma IgM narrowly recognized erythrocytic i antigens and platelet i-related antigens and failed to bind hundreds of pathogen- and tumor-associated carbohydrates. Polyclonal i antigen–recognizing B-cell receptors were highly enriched among CVID+AIC circulating MZ B cells. Within tonsillar tissues, MZ B cells secreted copious IgM when activated by the combination of IL-10 and IL-21 or when cultured with IL-10/IL-21–secreting FOXP3−CD25hi T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. In lymph nodes from immunocompetent controls, MZ B cells, plentiful FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, and rare FOXP3−CD25+ cells that represented likely CD25hi Tfh cells all localized outside of germinal centers. In CVID+AIC lymph nodes, cellular positions were similar but CD25hi Tfh cells greatly outnumbered regulatory cells.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that glycan-reactive IgM autoantibodies produced outside of germinal centers may contribute to the autoimmune pathogenesis of CVID.
背景:自身抗体介导的细胞减少症(AICs)经常发生在严重IgG缺陷的常见可变免疫缺陷症(CVID)患者中。其致病自身抗体的异型、抗原靶点和来源尚不清楚:确定 CVID 患者与 AIC 相关的 IgM 自身抗体的反应性、克隆性和来源:我们利用聚糖阵列、患者红细胞和血小板来确定 CVID IgM 自身抗体的靶点。聚糖结合图谱被用于识别B细胞亚群的自身反应克隆,特别是循环边缘区样(MZ)B细胞,以便进行分选和IGH测序。通过共聚焦显微镜、RNA测序和共培养,分别确定了扁桃体MZ B细胞的位置、转录组以及对不同T辅助细胞亚群的反应:结果:自反应性 IgM 包被了许多 CVID 患者的红细胞和血小板,并伴有 AIC(CVID+AIC)。在糖类阵列上,CVID+AIC 血浆 IgM 能勉强识别红细胞 i 抗原和血小板 i 相关抗原,但不能与数百种病原体和肿瘤相关碳水化合物结合。在 CVID+AIC 循环边缘区(MZ)B 细胞中,多克隆 i 抗原识别 B 细胞受体高度富集。在扁桃体组织内,当IL-10和IL-21联合激活或与分泌FOXP3-CD25hiTfh的IL-10/IL-21细胞一起培养时,MZ B细胞会分泌大量的IgM。在免疫功能正常对照组的淋巴结中,MZ B 细胞、大量 FOXP3+ 调节性 T 细胞和罕见的 FOXP3-CD25+ 细胞(可能代表 CD25hiTfh 细胞)都定位在 GCs 外。在CVID+AIC淋巴结中,细胞位置相似,但CD25hiTfh细胞的数量大大超过调节性细胞:我们的研究结果表明,在GCs外产生的糖反应性IgM自身抗体可能是CVID自身免疫发病机制的一部分。
{"title":"The common variable immunodeficiency IgM repertoire narrowly recognizes erythrocyte and platelet glycans","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.04.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.04.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Autoimmune cytopenias (AICs) regularly occur in profoundly IgG-deficient patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). The isotypes, antigenic targets, and origin(s) of their disease-causing autoantibodies are unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We sought to determine reactivity, clonality, and provenance of AIC-associated IgM autoantibodies in patients with CVID.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used glycan arrays, patient erythrocytes, and platelets to determine targets of CVID IgM autoantibodies. Glycan-binding profiles were used to identify autoreactive clones across B-cell subsets, specifically circulating marginal zone (MZ) B cells, for sorting and <em>IGH</em> sequencing. The locations, transcriptomes, and responses of tonsillar MZ B cells to different T<sub>H</sub>- cell subsets were determined by confocal microscopy, RNA-sequencing, and cocultures, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Autoreactive IgM coated erythrocytes and platelets from many CVID patients with AICs (CVID+AIC). On glycan arrays, CVID+AIC plasma IgM narrowly recognized erythrocytic i antigens and platelet i-related antigens and failed to bind hundreds of pathogen- and tumor-associated carbohydrates. Polyclonal i antigen–recognizing B-cell receptors were highly enriched among CVID+AIC circulating MZ B cells. Within tonsillar tissues, MZ B cells secreted copious IgM when activated by the combination of IL-10 and IL-21 or when cultured with IL-10/IL-21–secreting FOXP3<sup>−</sup>CD25<sup>hi</sup> T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. In lymph nodes from immunocompetent controls, MZ B cells, plentiful FOXP3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells, and rare FOXP3<sup>−</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> cells that represented likely CD25<sup>hi</sup> Tfh cells all localized outside of germinal centers. In CVID+AIC lymph nodes, cellular positions were similar but CD25<sup>hi</sup> Tfh cells greatly outnumbered regulatory cells.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings indicate that glycan-reactive IgM autoantibodies produced outside of germinal centers may contribute to the autoimmune pathogenesis of CVID.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140851676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.04.027
Background
Rhinovirus (RV) infections trigger wheeze episodes in children. Thus, understanding of the lung inflammatory response to RV in children with wheeze is important.
Objectives
This study sought to examine the associations of RV on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) granulocyte patterns and biomarkers of inflammation with age in children with treatment-refractory, recurrent wheeze (n = 616).
Methods
Children underwent BAL to examine viral nucleic acid sequences, bacterial cultures, granulocyte counts, and phlebotomy for both general and type-2 inflammatory markers.
Results
Despite the absence of cold symptoms, RV was the most common pathogen detected (30%), and when present, was accompanied by BAL granulocytosis in 75% of children. Compared to children with no BAL pathogens (n = 341), those with RV alone (n = 127) had greater (P < .05) isolated neutrophilia (43% vs 16%), mixed eosinophils and neutrophils (26% vs 11%), and less pauci-granulocytic (27% vs 61%) BAL. Children with RV alone furthermore had biomarkers of active infection with higher total blood neutrophils and serum C-reactive protein, but no differences in blood eosinophils or total IgE. With advancing age, the log odds of BAL RV alone were lower, 0.82 (5th-95th percentile CI: 0.76-0.88; P < .001), but higher, 1.58 (5th-95th percentile CI: 1.01-2.51; P = .04), with high-dose daily corticosteroid treatment.
Conclusions
Children with severe recurrent wheeze often (22%) have a silent syndrome of lung RV infection with granulocytic bronchoalveolitis and elevated systemic markers of inflammation. The syndrome is less prevalent by school age and is not informed by markers of type-2 inflammation. The investigators speculate that dysregulated mucosal innate antiviral immunity is a responsible mechanism.
背景:鼻病毒(RV)感染会诱发儿童喘息发作。因此,了解喘息患儿肺部对 RV 的炎症反应非常重要:目的:研究治疗难治性反复喘息儿童(616 人)肺灌洗(BAL)粒细胞形态和炎症生物标志物与年龄的关系:方法:对患儿进行BAL检查,以检测病毒核酸序列、细菌培养、粒细胞计数以及一般和2型炎症标志物的抽血检查:结果:尽管没有感冒症状,但 RV 是最常见的病原体(30%),75% 的儿童在出现 RV 时伴有 BAL 粒细胞增多。与 BAL 中未检出病原体的儿童(341 人)相比,仅有 RV 的儿童(127 人)的 BAL 中分离出的中性粒细胞增多(43% 对 16%)、嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞混合增多(26% 对 11%),粒细胞减少(27% 对 61%)(P<0.05)。此外,单纯 RV 患儿还具有活动性感染的生物标志物,血液中性粒细胞总数和血清 c 反应蛋白(CRP)较高,但血液嗜酸性粒细胞和总 IgE 没有差异。随着年龄的增长,单纯 BAL RV 的对数几率较低,为 0.82 [0.76-0.88,p < 0.001],但每日大剂量皮质类固醇治疗的对数几率较高,为 1.58 [1.01-2.51,p = 0.04]:结论:患有严重反复喘息的儿童通常(22%)有肺RV感染的无声综合征,伴有粒细胞性支气管肺泡炎和全身炎症指标升高。该综合征在学龄前发病率较低,且不以 2 型炎症指标为依据。我们推测,粘膜先天性抗病毒免疫功能失调是其发病机制之一。
{"title":"A novel syndrome of silent rhinovirus-associated bronchoalveolitis in children with recurrent wheeze","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.04.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.04.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Rhinovirus (RV) infections trigger </span>wheeze<span> episodes in children. Thus, understanding of the lung inflammatory response<span> to RV in children with wheeze is important.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><span><span>This study sought to examine the associations of RV on </span>bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) </span>granulocyte patterns and biomarkers of inflammation with age in children with treatment-refractory, recurrent wheeze (n = 616).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Children underwent BAL to examine viral nucleic acid sequences, </span>bacterial cultures<span>, granulocyte counts, and phlebotomy for both general and type-2 inflammatory markers.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Despite the absence<span><span><span> of cold symptoms, RV was the most common </span>pathogen detected (30%), and when present, was accompanied by BAL </span>granulocytosis in 75% of children. Compared to children with no BAL pathogens (n = 341), those with RV alone (n = 127) had greater (</span></span><em>P</em><span><span> < .05) isolated neutrophilia (43% vs 16%), mixed </span>eosinophils<span><span> and neutrophils<span> (26% vs 11%), and less pauci-granulocytic (27% vs 61%) BAL. Children with RV alone furthermore had biomarkers of active infection with higher total blood neutrophils and serum C-reactive protein, but no differences in blood </span></span>eosinophils or total IgE. With advancing age, the log odds of BAL RV alone were lower, 0.82 (5th-95th percentile CI: 0.76-0.88; </span></span><em>P</em> < .001), but higher, 1.58 (5th-95th percentile CI: 1.01-2.51; <em>P</em><span> = .04), with high-dose daily corticosteroid treatment.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><span>Children with severe recurrent wheeze often (22%) have a silent syndrome of lung RV infection with granulocytic bronchoalveolitis and elevated systemic markers of inflammation. The syndrome is less prevalent by school age and is not informed by markers of type-2 inflammation. The investigators speculate that dysregulated mucosal innate </span>antiviral immunity is a responsible mechanism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140956021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.05.009
Background
Mast cell–derived mediators induce vasodilatation and fluid extravasation, leading to cardiovascular failure in severe anaphylaxis. We previously revealed a synergistic interaction between the cytokine IL-4 and the mast cell–derived mediator histamine in modulating vascular endothelial (VE) dysfunction and severe anaphylaxis. The mechanism by which IL-4 exacerbates histamine-induced VE dysfunction and severe anaphylaxis is unknown.
Objective
We sought to identify the IL-4–induced molecular processes regulating the amplification of histamine-induced VE barrier dysfunction and the severity of IgE-mediated anaphylactic reactions.
Methods
RNA sequencing, Western blot, Ca2+ imaging, and barrier functional analyses were performed on the VE cell line (EA.hy926). Pharmacologic degraders (selective proteolysis-targeting chimera) and genetic (lentiviral short hairpin RNA) inhibitors were used to determine the roles of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and STAT6 in conjunction with in vivo model systems of histamine-induced hypovolemic shock.
Results
IL-4 enhancement of histamine-induced VE barrier dysfunction was associated with increased VE-cadherin degradation, intracellular calcium flux, and phosphorylated Src levels and required transcription and de novo protein synthesis. RNA sequencing analyses of IL-4–stimulated VE cells identified dysregulation of genes involved in cell proliferation, cell development, and cell growth, and transcription factor motif analyses revealed a significant enrichment of differential expressed genes with putative STAT3 and STAT6 motif. IL-4 stimulation in EA.hy926 cells induced both serine residue 727 and tyrosine residue 705 phosphorylation of STAT3. Genetic and pharmacologic ablation of VE STAT3 activity revealed a role for STAT3 in basal VE barrier function; however, IL-4 enhancement and histamine-induced VE barrier dysfunction was predominantly STAT3 independent. In contrast, IL-4 enhancement and histamine-induced VE barrier dysfunction was STAT6 dependent. Consistent with this finding, pharmacologic knockdown of STAT6 abrogated IL-4–mediated amplification of histamine-induced hypovolemia.
Conclusions
These studies unveil a novel role of the IL-4/STAT6 signaling axis in the priming of VE cells predisposing to exacerbation of histamine-induced anaphylaxis.
{"title":"IL-4–STAT6 axis amplifies histamine-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and hypovolemic shock","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Mast cell–derived mediators induce vasodilatation<span> and fluid extravasation, leading to cardiovascular failure in severe anaphylaxis<span>. We previously revealed a synergistic interaction between the cytokine IL-4 and the mast cell–derived mediator histamine in modulating vascular endothelial (VE) dysfunction and severe anaphylaxis. The mechanism by which IL-4 exacerbates histamine-induced VE dysfunction and severe anaphylaxis is unknown.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We sought to identify the IL-4–induced molecular processes regulating the amplification of histamine-induced VE barrier dysfunction and the severity of IgE-mediated anaphylactic reactions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>RNA sequencing, </span>Western blot, Ca</span><sup>2+</sup><span><span> imaging, and barrier functional analyses were performed on the VE cell line (EA.hy926). Pharmacologic degraders (selective proteolysis-targeting chimera) and </span>genetic<span><span> (lentiviral short hairpin RNA) inhibitors were used to determine the roles of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and </span>STAT6 in conjunction with </span></span><em>in vivo</em><span> model systems of histamine-induced hypovolemic shock.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>IL-4 enhancement of histamine-induced VE barrier dysfunction was associated with increased VE-cadherin degradation, intracellular calcium flux, and phosphorylated Src levels and required transcription and </span><em>de novo</em><span><span> protein synthesis<span><span>. RNA sequencing analyses of IL-4–stimulated VE cells identified dysregulation of genes involved in </span>cell proliferation<span>, cell development, and cell growth, and transcription factor motif analyses revealed a significant enrichment of differential expressed genes with putative STAT3 and STAT6 motif. IL-4 stimulation in EA.hy926 cells induced both </span></span></span>serine<span> residue 727 and tyrosine residue<span><span> 705 phosphorylation of STAT3. Genetic and pharmacologic ablation of VE STAT3 activity revealed a role for STAT3 in basal VE barrier function; however, IL-4 enhancement and histamine-induced VE barrier dysfunction was predominantly STAT3 independent. In contrast, IL-4 enhancement and histamine-induced VE barrier dysfunction was STAT6 dependent. Consistent with this finding, pharmacologic knockdown of STAT6 abrogated IL-4–mediated amplification of histamine-induced </span>hypovolemia.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These studies unveil a novel role of the IL-4/STAT6 signaling axis in the priming of VE cells predisposing to exacerbation of histamine-induced anaphylaxis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.07.008
{"title":"News beyond our pages - September 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142136942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.08.019
Craig I McKenzie, Simone Reinwald, Brett Averso, Brett Spurrier, Andrew Satz, Anouk von Borstel, Sabina Masinovic, Nirupama Varese, Pei Mun Aui, Bruce D Wines, P Mark Hogarth, Mark Hew, Jennifer M Rolland, Robyn E O'Hehir, Menno C van Zelm
Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment for allergic disorders. We have recently discovered that allergen-specific memory B-cells (Bmem) are phenotypically altered after 4 months sublingual AIT for ryegrass pollen allergy. Whether these effects are shared with subcutaneous AIT (SCIT) and affect the epitope-specificity of Bmem remain unknown.
Objective: To evaluate the phenotype and antigen-receptor sequences of Bmem specific to the major bee venom (BV) allergen Api m 1 before and after ultra-rush SCIT for BV allergy.
Methods: Recombinant Api m 1 protein tetramers were generated to evaluate basophil activation in a cohort of BV allergic individuals before and after BV SCIT. Comprehensive flow cytometry was performed to evaluate and purify Api m 1-specific Bmem. Ig genes from single Api m 1-specific Bmem were sequenced and structurally modeled onto Api m 1.
Results: SCIT promoted class-switching of Api m 1-specific Bmem to IgG2 and IgG4 with increased expression of CD23 and CD29. Furthermore, modeling of Api m 1-specific Ig from Bmem identified a suite of possible new and diverse allergen epitopes on Api m 1 and highlights epitopes that may preferentially be bound by Ig after SCIT.
Conclusion: AIT induces shifting of epitope specificity and phenotypic changes in allergen-specific Bmem.
背景:过敏原免疫疗法(AIT过敏原免疫疗法(AIT)是治疗过敏性疾病的唯一疾病改变疗法。我们最近发现,经过 4 个月的舌下 AIT 治疗黑麦草花粉过敏后,过敏原特异性记忆 B 细胞(Bmem)的表型发生了改变。这些影响是否与皮下注射 AIT(SCIT)相同并影响 Bmem 的表位特异性仍是未知数:目的:评估 Bmem 在超急速 SCIT 治疗 BV 过敏症前后对主要蜂毒(BV)过敏原 Api m 1 特异性的表型和抗原受体序列:方法:生成重组 Api m 1 蛋白四聚体,以评估 BV SCIT 前后一组 BV 过敏个体的嗜碱性粒细胞活化情况。采用综合流式细胞术评估和纯化 Api m 1 特异性 Bmem。对单个 Api m 1 特异性 Bmem 的 Ig 基因进行了测序,并对 Api m 1 进行了结构建模:结果:SCIT促进了Api m 1特异性Bmem向IgG2和IgG4的类别转换,并增加了CD23和CD29的表达。此外,通过对 Bmem 的 Api m 1 特异性 Ig 建模,发现了 Api m 1 上可能存在的一系列新的、多样的过敏原表位,并强调了 SCIT 后 Ig 可能优先结合的表位:结论:AIT 会诱导过敏原特异性 Bmem 表位特异性的转变和表型的改变。
{"title":"Subcutaneous immunotherapy for bee venom allergy induces epitope spreading and immunophenotypic changes in allergen-specific memory B cells.","authors":"Craig I McKenzie, Simone Reinwald, Brett Averso, Brett Spurrier, Andrew Satz, Anouk von Borstel, Sabina Masinovic, Nirupama Varese, Pei Mun Aui, Bruce D Wines, P Mark Hogarth, Mark Hew, Jennifer M Rolland, Robyn E O'Hehir, Menno C van Zelm","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.08.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2024.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment for allergic disorders. We have recently discovered that allergen-specific memory B-cells (Bmem) are phenotypically altered after 4 months sublingual AIT for ryegrass pollen allergy. Whether these effects are shared with subcutaneous AIT (SCIT) and affect the epitope-specificity of Bmem remain unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the phenotype and antigen-receptor sequences of Bmem specific to the major bee venom (BV) allergen Api m 1 before and after ultra-rush SCIT for BV allergy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Recombinant Api m 1 protein tetramers were generated to evaluate basophil activation in a cohort of BV allergic individuals before and after BV SCIT. Comprehensive flow cytometry was performed to evaluate and purify Api m 1-specific Bmem. Ig genes from single Api m 1-specific Bmem were sequenced and structurally modeled onto Api m 1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SCIT promoted class-switching of Api m 1-specific Bmem to IgG<sub>2</sub> and IgG<sub>4</sub> with increased expression of CD23 and CD29. Furthermore, modeling of Api m 1-specific Ig from Bmem identified a suite of possible new and diverse allergen epitopes on Api m 1 and highlights epitopes that may preferentially be bound by Ig after SCIT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AIT induces shifting of epitope specificity and phenotypic changes in allergen-specific Bmem.</p>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.08.020
Christo Tsilifis, Carsten Speckmann, Su Han Lum, Thomas A Fox, Adriana Margarit Soler, Yasmina Mozo, Dolores Corral, Anna-Maria Ewins, Rosie Hague, Christina Oikonomopoulou, Krzysztof Kałwak, Katarzyna Drabko, Robert Wynn, Emma C Morris, Suzanne Elcombe, Venetia Bigley, Vassilios Lougaris, Michele Malagola, Fabian Hauck, Petr Sedlacek, Alexandra Laberko, Jennifer M L Tjon, Emilie P Buddingh, Claudia Wehr, Bodo Grimbacher, Andrew R Gennery, Arjan C Lankester, Michael H Albert, Bénédicte Neven, Mary A Slatter
Background: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) insufficiency causes a primary immune regulatory disorder characterised by lymphoproliferation, dysgammaglobulinaemia, and multi-organ autoimmunity including cytopenias and colitis.
Objective: To examine the outcome of HSCT for CTLA-4 insufficiency and study the impact of pre-HSCT CTLA-4-Ig therapy and pre-HSCT immune dysregulation on survival and immunological outcome.
Methods: Retrospective study of HSCT for CTLA-4 insufficiency and 2q33.2-3 deletion from the Inborn Errors Working Party of EBMT. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and disease- and chronic GvHD-free survival (DFS). Secondary endpoint was immunological outcome assessed by Immune Dysregulation Disease Activity (IDDA) score.
Results: Forty patients were included over a 25-year period. Pre-HSCT, 60% received CTLA-4-Ig and IDDA was 23.3 (3.9-84.0). Median age at HSCT was 14.2 (1.3-56.0) years. Patients received PBSC (58%) or marrow (43%) from MUD (75%), MMUD (12.5%) or MFD (12.5%). Median follow-up was 3 years (0.6-15 years) and 3-year OS was 76.7% (58-87%) and DFS was 74.4% (54.9-86.0%). At latest follow-up, 28/30 surviving patients are in disease-free remission with median IDDA reduction of 16. Probability of OS and DFS was greater in patients with lower disease activity pre-HSCT (IDDA<23, p=0.002 and p=0.006, respectively). CTLA-4-Ig receipt did not influence OS or DFS. Cause of death was transplant-related in 7/8 patients.
Conclusion: This is the largest retrospective study of HSCT for CTLA-4 insufficiency to date. HSCT is an effective therapy to prevent ongoing disease progression and morbidity, with improving survival rates over time and in patients with lower pre-HSCT disease activity.
{"title":"Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for CTLA-4 insufficiency across Europe: an EBMT Inborn Errors Working Party study.","authors":"Christo Tsilifis, Carsten Speckmann, Su Han Lum, Thomas A Fox, Adriana Margarit Soler, Yasmina Mozo, Dolores Corral, Anna-Maria Ewins, Rosie Hague, Christina Oikonomopoulou, Krzysztof Kałwak, Katarzyna Drabko, Robert Wynn, Emma C Morris, Suzanne Elcombe, Venetia Bigley, Vassilios Lougaris, Michele Malagola, Fabian Hauck, Petr Sedlacek, Alexandra Laberko, Jennifer M L Tjon, Emilie P Buddingh, Claudia Wehr, Bodo Grimbacher, Andrew R Gennery, Arjan C Lankester, Michael H Albert, Bénédicte Neven, Mary A Slatter","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.08.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2024.08.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) insufficiency causes a primary immune regulatory disorder characterised by lymphoproliferation, dysgammaglobulinaemia, and multi-organ autoimmunity including cytopenias and colitis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the outcome of HSCT for CTLA-4 insufficiency and study the impact of pre-HSCT CTLA-4-Ig therapy and pre-HSCT immune dysregulation on survival and immunological outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective study of HSCT for CTLA-4 insufficiency and 2q33.2-3 deletion from the Inborn Errors Working Party of EBMT. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and disease- and chronic GvHD-free survival (DFS). Secondary endpoint was immunological outcome assessed by Immune Dysregulation Disease Activity (IDDA) score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty patients were included over a 25-year period. Pre-HSCT, 60% received CTLA-4-Ig and IDDA was 23.3 (3.9-84.0). Median age at HSCT was 14.2 (1.3-56.0) years. Patients received PBSC (58%) or marrow (43%) from MUD (75%), MMUD (12.5%) or MFD (12.5%). Median follow-up was 3 years (0.6-15 years) and 3-year OS was 76.7% (58-87%) and DFS was 74.4% (54.9-86.0%). At latest follow-up, 28/30 surviving patients are in disease-free remission with median IDDA reduction of 16. Probability of OS and DFS was greater in patients with lower disease activity pre-HSCT (IDDA<23, p=0.002 and p=0.006, respectively). CTLA-4-Ig receipt did not influence OS or DFS. Cause of death was transplant-related in 7/8 patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the largest retrospective study of HSCT for CTLA-4 insufficiency to date. HSCT is an effective therapy to prevent ongoing disease progression and morbidity, with improving survival rates over time and in patients with lower pre-HSCT disease activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.08.017
Matthew Macowan, Céline Pattaroni, Katie Bonner, Roxanne Chatzis, Carmel Daunt, Mindy Gore, Adnan Custovic, Michael D Shields, Ultan F Power, Jonathan Grigg, Graham Roberts, Peter Ghazal, Jürgen Schwarze, Steve Turner, Andrew Bush, Sejal Saglani, Clare M Lloyd, Benjamin J Marsland
Background: Wheezing in childhood is prevalent, with over half of all children experiencing at least one episode by age six. The pathophysiology of wheeze, especially why some children develop asthma while others do not, remains unclear.
Objective: This study addresses the knowledge gap by investigating the transition from preschool wheeze to asthma using multi-omic profiling.
Methods: Unsupervised, group-agnostic integrative multi-omic factor analysis was performed using host/bacterial (meta-)transcriptomic and bacterial shotgun metagenomic datasets from bronchial brush samples paired with metabolomic/lipidomic data from bronchoalveolar lavage samples acquired from children 1-17 years old.
Results: Two multi-omic factors were identified: one characterising preschool-aged recurrent wheeze and another capturing an inferred trajectory from health to wheeze and school-aged asthma. Recurrent wheeze was driven by Type 1-immune signatures, coupled with upregulation of immune-related and neutrophil-associated lipids and metabolites. Comparatively, progression towards asthma from ages 1-18 was dominated by changes related to airway epithelial cell gene expression, Type 2-immune responses, and constituents of the airway microbiome, such as increased Haemophilus influenzae.
Conclusion: These factors highlighted distinctions between an inflammation-related phenotype in preschool wheeze, and the predominance of airway epithelial-related changes linked with the inferred trajectory toward asthma. These findings provide insights into the differential mechanisms driving the progression from wheeze to asthma and may inform targeted therapeutic strategies.
{"title":"Deep Multi-Omic Profiling Reveals Molecular Signatures that Underpin Preschool Wheeze and Asthma.","authors":"Matthew Macowan, Céline Pattaroni, Katie Bonner, Roxanne Chatzis, Carmel Daunt, Mindy Gore, Adnan Custovic, Michael D Shields, Ultan F Power, Jonathan Grigg, Graham Roberts, Peter Ghazal, Jürgen Schwarze, Steve Turner, Andrew Bush, Sejal Saglani, Clare M Lloyd, Benjamin J Marsland","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.08.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2024.08.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wheezing in childhood is prevalent, with over half of all children experiencing at least one episode by age six. The pathophysiology of wheeze, especially why some children develop asthma while others do not, remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study addresses the knowledge gap by investigating the transition from preschool wheeze to asthma using multi-omic profiling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Unsupervised, group-agnostic integrative multi-omic factor analysis was performed using host/bacterial (meta-)transcriptomic and bacterial shotgun metagenomic datasets from bronchial brush samples paired with metabolomic/lipidomic data from bronchoalveolar lavage samples acquired from children 1-17 years old.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two multi-omic factors were identified: one characterising preschool-aged recurrent wheeze and another capturing an inferred trajectory from health to wheeze and school-aged asthma. Recurrent wheeze was driven by Type 1-immune signatures, coupled with upregulation of immune-related and neutrophil-associated lipids and metabolites. Comparatively, progression towards asthma from ages 1-18 was dominated by changes related to airway epithelial cell gene expression, Type 2-immune responses, and constituents of the airway microbiome, such as increased Haemophilus influenzae.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These factors highlighted distinctions between an inflammation-related phenotype in preschool wheeze, and the predominance of airway epithelial-related changes linked with the inferred trajectory toward asthma. These findings provide insights into the differential mechanisms driving the progression from wheeze to asthma and may inform targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.07.030
Sinéad Ryan, Louise Crowe, Sofía N Almeida Cruz, Matthew D Galbraith, Carol O'Brien, Juliet A Hammer, Ronan Bergin, Shauna K Kellett, Gary E Markey, Taylor M Benson, Olga Fagan, Joaquin M Espinosa, Niall Conlon, Claire L Donohoe, Susan McKiernan, Andrew E Hogan, Eóin N McNamee, Glenn T Furuta, Calies Menard-Katcher, Joanne C Masterson
Background: Investigating the contributory role that epithelial cell metabolism plays in allergic inflammation is a key factor to understanding what influences dysfunction and the pathogenesis of the allergic disease eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We previously highlighted the absence of hypoxia signaling through HIF-1α in EoE contributes to esophageal epithelial dysfunction. However, metabolic regulation by HIF-1α has not been explored in esophageal allergy.
Objectives: Herein, we sought to define the role of HIF-1α-mediated metabolic dysfunction in esophageal epithelial differentiation processes and barrier function in EoE.
Methods: In RNA-sequencing derived from EoE patient biopsies, we observed the expression pattern of key genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism/oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis. Bioenergetics analysis using Seahorse was performed on EPC2-hTERT cells to decipher the metabolic processes involved in epithelial differentiation processes. In addition, air-liquid interface cultures were employed to delineate metabolic dependency mechanisms required for epithelial differentiation.
Results: Transcriptomic analysis identified an increase in genes associated with OXPHOS in patients with EoE. Epithelial origin of this signature was confirmed by complex V immunofluorescence of patient biopsies. Bioenergetic analysis in vitro revealed that differentiated epithelium was less reliant on OXPHOS compared with undifferentiated epithelium. Increased OXPHOS potential and reduced glycolytic capacity was mirrored in HIF1A-knockdown EPC2-hTERT cells which portray a significant absence of terminal markers of epithelial differentiation, including involucrin. Pharmacological glucose transport inhibition phenocopied this, while rescue of the HIF-1α-deficient phenotype using the pan-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor DMOG resulted in restored expression of epithelial differentiation markers.
Conclusions: An OXPHOS-dominated metabolic pattern in EoE patients, brought about largely by the absence of HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis, is linked with the deficit in esophageal epithelial differentiation.
{"title":"Metabolic dysfunction mediated by HIF-1α contributes to epithelial differentiation defects in eosinophilic esophagitis.","authors":"Sinéad Ryan, Louise Crowe, Sofía N Almeida Cruz, Matthew D Galbraith, Carol O'Brien, Juliet A Hammer, Ronan Bergin, Shauna K Kellett, Gary E Markey, Taylor M Benson, Olga Fagan, Joaquin M Espinosa, Niall Conlon, Claire L Donohoe, Susan McKiernan, Andrew E Hogan, Eóin N McNamee, Glenn T Furuta, Calies Menard-Katcher, Joanne C Masterson","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.07.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2024.07.030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Investigating the contributory role that epithelial cell metabolism plays in allergic inflammation is a key factor to understanding what influences dysfunction and the pathogenesis of the allergic disease eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We previously highlighted the absence of hypoxia signaling through HIF-1α in EoE contributes to esophageal epithelial dysfunction. However, metabolic regulation by HIF-1α has not been explored in esophageal allergy.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Herein, we sought to define the role of HIF-1α-mediated metabolic dysfunction in esophageal epithelial differentiation processes and barrier function in EoE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In RNA-sequencing derived from EoE patient biopsies, we observed the expression pattern of key genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism/oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis. Bioenergetics analysis using Seahorse was performed on EPC2-hTERT cells to decipher the metabolic processes involved in epithelial differentiation processes. In addition, air-liquid interface cultures were employed to delineate metabolic dependency mechanisms required for epithelial differentiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transcriptomic analysis identified an increase in genes associated with OXPHOS in patients with EoE. Epithelial origin of this signature was confirmed by complex V immunofluorescence of patient biopsies. Bioenergetic analysis in vitro revealed that differentiated epithelium was less reliant on OXPHOS compared with undifferentiated epithelium. Increased OXPHOS potential and reduced glycolytic capacity was mirrored in HIF1A-knockdown EPC2-hTERT cells which portray a significant absence of terminal markers of epithelial differentiation, including involucrin. Pharmacological glucose transport inhibition phenocopied this, while rescue of the HIF-1α-deficient phenotype using the pan-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor DMOG resulted in restored expression of epithelial differentiation markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An OXPHOS-dominated metabolic pattern in EoE patients, brought about largely by the absence of HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis, is linked with the deficit in esophageal epithelial differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.08.016
Jennifer G Chester, Benjamin Carcamo, David A Gudis, Daniel Bustamante, Sidney B Eisig, Michael J Ombrello, Wendy K Chung, Joshua D Milner
Background: Cherubism is most commonly caused by rare heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) missense variants in SH3BP2, which appear to signal through Phospholipase C Gamma 2 (PLCG2) to cause excessive osteoclast activity leading to expansile lesions in facial bones in childhood. GOF variants in PLCG2 lead to autoinflammatory PLCG2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (autoinflammatory PLAID, or PLAID-GOF), characterized by variably penetrant autoinflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and atopic manifestations. Cherubism has not been reported in PLAID to date.
Objective: To determine whether GOF PLCG2 variants may be associated with cherubism.
Methods: Clinical, laboratory, and genomic data from two patients with cherubism and other clinical symptoms observed in patients with PLCG2 variants were reviewed. Primary B-cell receptor (BCR)-induced calcium flux was assessed by flow cytometry.
Results: Two patients with lesions consistent with cherubism but no SH3BP2 variants were found to have rare PLCG2 variants previously shown to be GOF in vitro, leading to increased BCR-induced calcium flux in one patient's B cells. Variable humoral defects, autoinflammatory rash, and other clinical and laboratory findings consistent with PLAID were observed as well.
Conclusion: GOF PLCG2 variants likely represent a novel genetic driver of cherubism and should be assessed in SH3BP2-negative cases. Expansile bony lesions expand the phenotypic landscape of autoinflammatory PLAID, and bone imaging should be considered in PLAID patients.
{"title":"PLCG2 variants in cherubism.","authors":"Jennifer G Chester, Benjamin Carcamo, David A Gudis, Daniel Bustamante, Sidney B Eisig, Michael J Ombrello, Wendy K Chung, Joshua D Milner","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.08.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2024.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cherubism is most commonly caused by rare heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) missense variants in SH3BP2, which appear to signal through Phospholipase C Gamma 2 (PLCG2) to cause excessive osteoclast activity leading to expansile lesions in facial bones in childhood. GOF variants in PLCG2 lead to autoinflammatory PLCG2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (autoinflammatory PLAID, or PLAID-GOF), characterized by variably penetrant autoinflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and atopic manifestations. Cherubism has not been reported in PLAID to date.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether GOF PLCG2 variants may be associated with cherubism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical, laboratory, and genomic data from two patients with cherubism and other clinical symptoms observed in patients with PLCG2 variants were reviewed. Primary B-cell receptor (BCR)-induced calcium flux was assessed by flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two patients with lesions consistent with cherubism but no SH3BP2 variants were found to have rare PLCG2 variants previously shown to be GOF in vitro, leading to increased BCR-induced calcium flux in one patient's B cells. Variable humoral defects, autoinflammatory rash, and other clinical and laboratory findings consistent with PLAID were observed as well.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GOF PLCG2 variants likely represent a novel genetic driver of cherubism and should be assessed in SH3BP2-negative cases. Expansile bony lesions expand the phenotypic landscape of autoinflammatory PLAID, and bone imaging should be considered in PLAID patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}