Pub Date : 2021-01-31DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2021.125323
F. M. A. Boojar, Yaghuob Firoozivand, M. Boojar
Introduction: Imperialine (Imp) is a steroidal alkaloid present as the main active constituent of medicinal herb, Fritillaria imperialis with many biological and therapeutic effects. However, it has not been investigated in vitro for hypoglycemic effects. Herein, the effects of Imp on cell survival, carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes (alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase), glucose uptake ability, insulin secretion levels, advanced glycation end product (AGEs) include pentosidine, methylglyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone levels and the activity of glyoxalase I as the main factor for degradation of AGEs are examined. Materials and Methods: C2C12 skeletal muscle and beta-TC6 pancreatic cells incubated with Imp at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 10 µg/ml, and the cells evaluated separately. The biological evaluations were based on ultraviolet-visible (UV/VIS) spectrophotometric and/or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Results: Imperialine had considerable and dose-dependent effects on glucose uptake and insulin secretion (p <0.05). The highest levels of glucose uptake were achieved at a concentration of 100 µg/ml of Imp. Increased glycation index, cytotoxicity, and decreased glyoxalase I activity appeared mostly at the concentrations of 75 microgram/ml and higher. The studied alkaloid demonstrated a remarkable hypoglycemic effect by inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Conclusions: Consequently, the results of the present study revealed possible hypoglycemic effects of Imp and it could be suggested for future studies in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Investigation of the Anti-Diabetic Effects of Imperialine on Beta-TC6 Pancreatic and C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cell Lines; A In Vitro Study","authors":"F. M. A. Boojar, Yaghuob Firoozivand, M. Boojar","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2021.125323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2021.125323","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Imperialine (Imp) is a steroidal alkaloid present as the main active constituent of medicinal herb, Fritillaria imperialis with many biological and therapeutic effects. However, it has not been investigated in vitro for hypoglycemic effects. Herein, the effects of Imp on cell survival, carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes (alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase), glucose uptake ability, insulin secretion levels, advanced glycation end product (AGEs) include pentosidine, methylglyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone levels and the activity of glyoxalase I as the main factor for degradation of AGEs are examined. Materials and Methods: C2C12 skeletal muscle and beta-TC6 pancreatic cells incubated with Imp at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 10 µg/ml, and the cells evaluated separately. The biological evaluations were based on ultraviolet-visible (UV/VIS) spectrophotometric and/or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Results: Imperialine had considerable and dose-dependent effects on glucose uptake and insulin secretion (p <0.05). The highest levels of glucose uptake were achieved at a concentration of 100 µg/ml of Imp. Increased glycation index, cytotoxicity, and decreased glyoxalase I activity appeared mostly at the concentrations of 75 microgram/ml and higher. The studied alkaloid demonstrated a remarkable hypoglycemic effect by inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Conclusions: Consequently, the results of the present study revealed possible hypoglycemic effects of Imp and it could be suggested for future studies in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43723280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.121479
Rachida Benguiar, Benaraba Rachida, H. Hemida, Sarah Bouamar, A. Riazi
Introduction: Colon cancer is a real public health problem. Pomegranate peel and probiotics are thought to be important therapeutic nutritional strategies for colon cancer prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulation effect of pomegranate peel alone or in combination with probiotics against the oxidative disorders and intestinal dysbiosis associated with chemically-induced precancerous lesions in rat colon. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Groups1and 2 were negative DMH-untreated control rats receiving Standard Diet (SD) for G1 and high-fat diet (HFD) for G2; while Groups 3 and 4 were positive DMH-treated control receiving SD for G3 and HFD for G4; Groups 5 and 6 were DMH-treated and fed with 2.5% pomegranate peel-supplemented HFD diet in the presence of probiotics (4×109 CFU/kg diet) for G6. After 16 weeks of experimentation, biochemical analysis, oxidative parameters, histopathological examination of the colon, and microbial analysis were performed. Results: Findings showed that pomegranate peels and probiotics induced a significant increase in ferric reducing the ability of plasma levels by 67% and reduction in the malonaldehyde content by 66%. In addition, this treatment helped to improve the histological architecture of the colon in the rats of groups G5 and G6, in comparison with the HFD positive DMH-treated control group (G4). Furthermore, this treatment was also the most effective in decreasing the pathogenic bacteria amount involved in the intestinal dysbiosis (7 to 43%) and increasing in beneficial bacteria (60%). Conclusions: These results suggest that pomegranate peel and probiotics act as a chemopreventive agent against preneoplastic lesions.
{"title":"Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel and Probiotics Modulate Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Microbiota Associated with Chemically Induced Colon Cancer in High-Fat-Diet Fed Rats","authors":"Rachida Benguiar, Benaraba Rachida, H. Hemida, Sarah Bouamar, A. Riazi","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.121479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.121479","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Colon cancer is a real public health problem. Pomegranate peel and probiotics are thought to be important therapeutic nutritional strategies for colon cancer prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulation effect of pomegranate peel alone or in combination with probiotics against the oxidative disorders and intestinal dysbiosis associated with chemically-induced precancerous lesions in rat colon. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Groups1and 2 were negative DMH-untreated control rats receiving Standard Diet (SD) for G1 and high-fat diet (HFD) for G2; while Groups 3 and 4 were positive DMH-treated control receiving SD for G3 and HFD for G4; Groups 5 and 6 were DMH-treated and fed with 2.5% pomegranate peel-supplemented HFD diet in the presence of probiotics (4×109 CFU/kg diet) for G6. After 16 weeks of experimentation, biochemical analysis, oxidative parameters, histopathological examination of the colon, and microbial analysis were performed. Results: Findings showed that pomegranate peels and probiotics induced a significant increase in ferric reducing the ability of plasma levels by 67% and reduction in the malonaldehyde content by 66%. In addition, this treatment helped to improve the histological architecture of the colon in the rats of groups G5 and G6, in comparison with the HFD positive DMH-treated control group (G4). Furthermore, this treatment was also the most effective in decreasing the pathogenic bacteria amount involved in the intestinal dysbiosis (7 to 43%) and increasing in beneficial bacteria (60%). Conclusions: These results suggest that pomegranate peel and probiotics act as a chemopreventive agent against preneoplastic lesions.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47344038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.237056.1245
S. Roy, Sruthi Hari, A. Banerjee, R. Kannan, Ganesan Jothimani, V. Raghavan, S. Pathak
Introduction: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a term used to denote concurrently the two chronic inflammatory conditions of Gastrointestinal (GI) tract viz: Chron’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). This study has aimed to focus on Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) which is an active phytochemical derivate from the gum resin of the Boswellia serrata in order to investigate its anti-inflammatory potential against dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: The 3% of Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) polymer in drinking water was fed to different mice groups with distinct timeline for both acute (7days) and chronic colitis induction (3 cycles of 5 days feeding with 15 days gap method). The anti-inflammatory activity of AKBA (50 mg/kg) was evaluated by performing various anti-oxidant assays on tissue homogenate samples (colon, liver, and kidney) and further histological studies. Result: The oral administration of AKBA (50 mg/kg) had managing effects in IBD mice. Results showed that AKBA lowered the inflammation and soreness compared to the DSS administered mice groups. The histopathology of the intestinal wall was performed and clear morphological changes were observed under light microscopy of both acute and chronic colitis groups of mice. Furthermore, various anti-oxidant assays were performed on tissue sections of chronic colitis mice. Results from histological studies indicated that the chemo-preventive effect of AKBA was attributed to a collection of activities including anti-proliferation, apoptosis induction, and anti-inflammation. Conclusions: In accordance with the findings, the AKBA active derivative showed anti-inflammatory activity against the DSS induced acute and chronic colitis in mice. However, further clinical studies need to be done to bring AKBA as a potential anti-inflammatory drug candidate for treating IBD.
{"title":"A Study on the Effects of Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid Against Dextran Sodium Sulfate Induced Acute and Chronic Colitis in Swiss Albino Mice","authors":"S. Roy, Sruthi Hari, A. Banerjee, R. Kannan, Ganesan Jothimani, V. Raghavan, S. Pathak","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.237056.1245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.237056.1245","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a term used to denote concurrently the two chronic inflammatory conditions of Gastrointestinal (GI) tract viz: Chron’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). This study has aimed to focus on Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) which is an active phytochemical derivate from the gum resin of the Boswellia serrata in order to investigate its anti-inflammatory potential against dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: The 3% of Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) polymer in drinking water was fed to different mice groups with distinct timeline for both acute (7days) and chronic colitis induction (3 cycles of 5 days feeding with 15 days gap method). The anti-inflammatory activity of AKBA (50 mg/kg) was evaluated by performing various anti-oxidant assays on tissue homogenate samples (colon, liver, and kidney) and further histological studies. Result: The oral administration of AKBA (50 mg/kg) had managing effects in IBD mice. Results showed that AKBA lowered the inflammation and soreness compared to the DSS administered mice groups. The histopathology of the intestinal wall was performed and clear morphological changes were observed under light microscopy of both acute and chronic colitis groups of mice. Furthermore, various anti-oxidant assays were performed on tissue sections of chronic colitis mice. Results from histological studies indicated that the chemo-preventive effect of AKBA was attributed to a collection of activities including anti-proliferation, apoptosis induction, and anti-inflammation. Conclusions: In accordance with the findings, the AKBA active derivative showed anti-inflammatory activity against the DSS induced acute and chronic colitis in mice. However, further clinical studies need to be done to bring AKBA as a potential anti-inflammatory drug candidate for treating IBD.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"224-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43912762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.238996.1254
A. Karbasi, M. Abyazi, Mohammadreza Hashemi Aghdam, M. Bahardoust, F. Heiat, Atefeh Yaali Jahromi, Erfaneh Yaali Jahromi, A. Sadeh, Ramin Hosseinzadeh, M. Heiat
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.120187
M. Nourozi, S. Mirkalantari, Sajad Omidi
Introduction: Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) is a growing clinical concern throughout the world. The purpose of this study was to detect qnr-encoding genes and to evaluate the clonal relatedness of qnr-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Materials and Methods: A total of 88 K. pneumoniae isolates assessed to quinolone which were obtained from Tehran hospital in Tehran, Iran. Bacterial identification was administrated using standard laboratory methods. Quinolone resistance was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The PCR was employed to detect qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes. Results: The results of disk diffusion showed that 39.3%, 32.1%, 27.4%, 27.1%, 22.6% of strains were fully resistant to nalidixic, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively. The qnrB (43% isolates) was the most commonly detected gene, followed by qnrS (34% isolates) and qnrA (23 % isolates) either alone or in combination with other genes. Conclusions: This study describes the high prevalence of the qnrB, qnrS, and qnrA genes among K. pneumoniae isolates in Iran. The detection of qnr genes accentuate the need for organizing tactful policies associated with infection control measures in hospital settings in Iran.
{"title":"Frequency of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS among Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"M. Nourozi, S. Mirkalantari, Sajad Omidi","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.120187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.120187","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) is a growing clinical concern throughout the world. The purpose of this study was to detect qnr-encoding genes and to evaluate the clonal relatedness of qnr-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Materials and Methods: A total of 88 K. pneumoniae isolates assessed to quinolone which were obtained from Tehran hospital in Tehran, Iran. Bacterial identification was administrated using standard laboratory methods. Quinolone resistance was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The PCR was employed to detect qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes. Results: The results of disk diffusion showed that 39.3%, 32.1%, 27.4%, 27.1%, 22.6% of strains were fully resistant to nalidixic, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively. The qnrB (43% isolates) was the most commonly detected gene, followed by qnrS (34% isolates) and qnrA (23 % isolates) either alone or in combination with other genes. Conclusions: This study describes the high prevalence of the qnrB, qnrS, and qnrA genes among K. pneumoniae isolates in Iran. The detection of qnr genes accentuate the need for organizing tactful policies associated with infection control measures in hospital settings in Iran.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"203-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47123453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.120185
P. Heidari, Samaneh Sanaeizade, Faezeh Mazloomi
Introduction: Bioremediation as an eco-friendly technique has a high potential to clean-up the toxicity of heavy metals from contaminated soil and water. In this study, the bioremediation potential of E8 and WW28 strains which had high similarity to Sphingomonas melonis and Enterobacter hormaechei, respectively have been evaluated under contaminated mediums with lead, cadmium, copper, and nickel. Materials and Methods: The growth rate and metal removal percentage of isolated strains were investigated at different ranges of pH 4-8, and temperature (25, 30, 35, and 40 ˚C). Also, the bioremediation potential of isolated strains was studied under a mixture of metals (50 mg/L of each metal). Results: The highest cell mass of strain E8 was observed after 48h at 30 ˚C and pH 5 while strains WW28 showed a high growth rate after 72h at 25 ˚C and pH 5. Strains E8 and WW28 preferred to more uptake nickel and copper than lead and cadmium. In addition, cadmium appears to show the highest toxicity towards the isolated bacteria. Strain E8 as multi metals-resistance strain could remove 78, 62, and 56% of nickel, copper, and cadmium, respectively from polluted mediums at pH 6 after 48h. Conclusions: Overall results revealed that isolated strains as bio-tools have a high potential to be used in the bioremediation process of nickel and multi-metals contaminated sites.
{"title":"Removal of Nickel, Copper, Lead and Cadmium by New Strains of Sphingomonas melonis E8 and Enterobacter hormaechei WW28","authors":"P. Heidari, Samaneh Sanaeizade, Faezeh Mazloomi","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.120185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.120185","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bioremediation as an eco-friendly technique has a high potential to clean-up the toxicity of heavy metals from contaminated soil and water. In this study, the bioremediation potential of E8 and WW28 strains which had high similarity to Sphingomonas melonis and Enterobacter hormaechei, respectively have been evaluated under contaminated mediums with lead, cadmium, copper, and nickel. Materials and Methods: The growth rate and metal removal percentage of isolated strains were investigated at different ranges of pH 4-8, and temperature (25, 30, 35, and 40 ˚C). Also, the bioremediation potential of isolated strains was studied under a mixture of metals (50 mg/L of each metal). Results: The highest cell mass of strain E8 was observed after 48h at 30 ˚C and pH 5 while strains WW28 showed a high growth rate after 72h at 25 ˚C and pH 5. Strains E8 and WW28 preferred to more uptake nickel and copper than lead and cadmium. In addition, cadmium appears to show the highest toxicity towards the isolated bacteria. Strain E8 as multi metals-resistance strain could remove 78, 62, and 56% of nickel, copper, and cadmium, respectively from polluted mediums at pH 6 after 48h. Conclusions: Overall results revealed that isolated strains as bio-tools have a high potential to be used in the bioremediation process of nickel and multi-metals contaminated sites.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"208-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48260954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.230682.1223
M. Arabi, H. Alek, E. Al-shehadah, M. Jawhar
Introduction: Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, is most effectively managed using fungicide applications, including triadimefon (TDM) a triazole compound. C. sativus posses a great concern as it might develop resistance against fungicides like TDM due to its high genetic variability, short life cycle, and abundant inoculum production. Therefore, to better understand the mechanisms of TDM resistance initiated by C. sativus, changes in cytochrome b (cytb) gene in virulent and avirulent pathotypes were evaluated at early time points of TDM treatments. Materials and Methods: C. sativus sensitivity to TDM was determined by measuring the radial growth of each pathotype on PDA plates. Additionally, RNA was isolated from mycelia of each pathotype at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post fungicide treatments and used for cDNA synthesis. Cytb was verified using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: Data showed that the maximum mycelial growth inhibition by 50% (EC50) for both pathotypes was recorded 48h at 0.25 µg/ml TDM treatment. The qRT-PCR revealed that cytb expression increased in both virulent and avirulent pathotypes at 24h post TDM treatments in comparison with non-treated controls. The most outstanding differences in cytb expression were7.69 and 2.88-fold in the virulent and avirulent pathotypes, respectively, 48h of 0.25 µg/ml TDM treatment. Conclusions: According to findings, it is possible to propose that cytb gene might play a role in signaling events during C. sativus exposure to commercial triazole fungicide.
{"title":"Changes in Cytochrome b Gene Expression in Cochliobolus sativus Induced by Triadimefon, a Triazole Fungicide","authors":"M. Arabi, H. Alek, E. Al-shehadah, M. Jawhar","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.230682.1223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.230682.1223","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, is most effectively managed using fungicide applications, including triadimefon (TDM) a triazole compound. C. sativus posses a great concern as it might develop resistance against fungicides like TDM due to its high genetic variability, short life cycle, and abundant inoculum production. Therefore, to better understand the mechanisms of TDM resistance initiated by C. sativus, changes in cytochrome b (cytb) gene in virulent and avirulent pathotypes were evaluated at early time points of TDM treatments. Materials and Methods: C. sativus sensitivity to TDM was determined by measuring the radial growth of each pathotype on PDA plates. Additionally, RNA was isolated from mycelia of each pathotype at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post fungicide treatments and used for cDNA synthesis. Cytb was verified using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: Data showed that the maximum mycelial growth inhibition by 50% (EC50) for both pathotypes was recorded 48h at 0.25 µg/ml TDM treatment. The qRT-PCR revealed that cytb expression increased in both virulent and avirulent pathotypes at 24h post TDM treatments in comparison with non-treated controls. The most outstanding differences in cytb expression were7.69 and 2.88-fold in the virulent and avirulent pathotypes, respectively, 48h of 0.25 µg/ml TDM treatment. Conclusions: According to findings, it is possible to propose that cytb gene might play a role in signaling events during C. sativus exposure to commercial triazole fungicide.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"198-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44892694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.120179
S. Razavi, R. Mirnejad, Ebrahim Babapour
Introduction: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia characterize a major warning throughout the world owing to enhanced mortality and treatment limitations. Efflux pumps have an important role as a mechanism of antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae. In the current study, the role of AcrAB and OqxAB efflux pumps to antibiotic resistance was investigated in clinical isolates of K. pneumonia. Materials and Methods: During August 2017-October 2018, 110 clinical strains of K. pneumoniae were obtained from patients referred to the hospitals in Tehran. After microbiological/biochemical identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the disc diffusion method. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin-resistant K. pneumoniae strains was measured by the broth microdilution method. For investigating the efflux pump mediated drug resistance in K. pneumoniae, the presence, and prevalence of efflux genes (acrA/acrB and oqxA/oqxB) were examined by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Results: The results showed that resistance to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, cefotaxime, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and colistin was 19.09%, 21.81%, 10.0%, 9.09%, 44.54%, 25.45%, 11.81%, and 61.81%, respectively, in K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. The PCR technique demonstrated that the prevalence of acrA/acrB and oqxA/oqxB genes are 58 (52.72%) and 52 (47.27%), respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that the AcrAB and OqxAB efflux pumps have a major role in the antibiotic resistance of multidrug resistance K. pneumoniae isolates. Therefore, due to the easy transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes, the accurate detection of resistance genes by molecular methods is essential to control the spread of resistant strains.
{"title":"Involvement of AcrAB and OqxAB Efflux Pumps in Antimicrobial Resistance of Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia","authors":"S. Razavi, R. Mirnejad, Ebrahim Babapour","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.120179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.120179","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia characterize a major warning throughout the world owing to enhanced mortality and treatment limitations. Efflux pumps have an important role as a mechanism of antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae. In the current study, the role of AcrAB and OqxAB efflux pumps to antibiotic resistance was investigated in clinical isolates of K. pneumonia. Materials and Methods: During August 2017-October 2018, 110 clinical strains of K. pneumoniae were obtained from patients referred to the hospitals in Tehran. After microbiological/biochemical identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the disc diffusion method. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin-resistant K. pneumoniae strains was measured by the broth microdilution method. For investigating the efflux pump mediated drug resistance in K. pneumoniae, the presence, and prevalence of efflux genes (acrA/acrB and oqxA/oqxB) were examined by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Results: The results showed that resistance to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, cefotaxime, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and colistin was 19.09%, 21.81%, 10.0%, 9.09%, 44.54%, 25.45%, 11.81%, and 61.81%, respectively, in K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. The PCR technique demonstrated that the prevalence of acrA/acrB and oqxA/oqxB genes are 58 (52.72%) and 52 (47.27%), respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that the AcrAB and OqxAB efflux pumps have a major role in the antibiotic resistance of multidrug resistance K. pneumoniae isolates. Therefore, due to the easy transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes, the accurate detection of resistance genes by molecular methods is essential to control the spread of resistant strains.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"251-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44330894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.121704
Zahra Faraji, J. Shakarami, J. Varshosaz, S. Jafari
Introduction: Recent researches have shown that many plant Essential Oils (EOs) have a high potential for controlling agricultural pests and can be used as precursors for synthesis of new pesticides. The major limitations for the use of these compounds are rapid evaporation, poor water solubility, and aptitude for oxidation. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize nanoliposome containing EOs of Mentha pulegium and Ferula gummosa and fumigant toxicity of nanoliposome containing M. pulegium EOagainst T. castaneum. Materials and Methods: In this study, nanoliposome containing EOs of M. pulegium and F. gummosa were prepared using heating method and its physicochemical properties were evaluated. Also, the impact of fumigant toxicity of M. pulegium EONanoliposome on M. castaneum was investigated. Results: Results showed that mean (±SD) particles of nanoliposomecontaining M. pulegium and F. gummosa EOs were 345±3.2 and 309±1.67 nm and their encapsulation efficiency were 99.38±0.24% and 96.41±0.26, respectively. The kind of EOs had no significant effect on the physicochemical property of nanoparticles. At the end of 24 h, the release percentage of EOs of nanoliposomes of M. Pulegium and F. gummosa were 46% and 33 %, respectively. The estimated LC50 values for nanoliposome and crude Eos of M. Pulegium against T. castaneum were36.53 and 75.23 µI/I air, respectively. Conclusions: The results of the current research showed that release and stability of EOs were significantly affected when change to nanoliposome particles. Also, M. pleugium EO nanoliposome showed enhancing fumigant toxicity against T. castaneum in comparison with the crude EO of this plant.
{"title":"Encapsulation of Essential Oils of Mentha pulegium and Ferula gummosa Using Nanoliposome Technology as a Safe Botanical Pesticide","authors":"Zahra Faraji, J. Shakarami, J. Varshosaz, S. Jafari","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.121704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.121704","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Recent researches have shown that many plant Essential Oils (EOs) have a high potential for controlling agricultural pests and can be used as precursors for synthesis of new pesticides. The major limitations for the use of these compounds are rapid evaporation, poor water solubility, and aptitude for oxidation. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize nanoliposome containing EOs of Mentha pulegium and Ferula gummosa and fumigant toxicity of nanoliposome containing M. pulegium EOagainst T. castaneum. Materials and Methods: In this study, nanoliposome containing EOs of M. pulegium and F. gummosa were prepared using heating method and its physicochemical properties were evaluated. Also, the impact of fumigant toxicity of M. pulegium EONanoliposome on M. castaneum was investigated. Results: Results showed that mean (±SD) particles of nanoliposomecontaining M. pulegium and F. gummosa EOs were 345±3.2 and 309±1.67 nm and their encapsulation efficiency were 99.38±0.24% and 96.41±0.26, respectively. The kind of EOs had no significant effect on the physicochemical property of nanoparticles. At the end of 24 h, the release percentage of EOs of nanoliposomes of M. Pulegium and F. gummosa were 46% and 33 %, respectively. The estimated LC50 values for nanoliposome and crude Eos of M. Pulegium against T. castaneum were36.53 and 75.23 µI/I air, respectively. Conclusions: The results of the current research showed that release and stability of EOs were significantly affected when change to nanoliposome particles. Also, M. pleugium EO nanoliposome showed enhancing fumigant toxicity against T. castaneum in comparison with the crude EO of this plant.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"237-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46338826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：