Pub Date : 2020-06-13DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.117882
H. Nourani, Seyed Mohammad Ali Taghavi, Farzaneh Latifi, Jamal Rashidyani
Nowadays, social media is involved in various aspects of knowledge and science. Social scientists, IT experts, biologists, and businesses widely analyze social media data to learn about human behavior. Biotechnology is a leading scientific field that has opened new horizons to the study of the natural and social aspects of human life. Biotechnologists need to use novel communication tools such as social media for education, research and marketing. Biotechnology education has been significantly affected by the Internet and social media because students and instructors increasingly tend to acquire and share scientific knowledge online. Moreover, the dynamic development of online social networks has paved the way for marketing innovations in the biotechnology industry. This study, on one hand, aims to explain the use of social media in biotechnology research, education, and industry, and on the other hand, investigates how social media contributes to the improvement this scientific field.
{"title":"Biotech’s Growing Activity in the World of Social Media Networking","authors":"H. Nourani, Seyed Mohammad Ali Taghavi, Farzaneh Latifi, Jamal Rashidyani","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.117882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.117882","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, social media is involved in various aspects of knowledge and science. Social scientists, IT experts, biologists, and businesses widely analyze social media data to learn about human behavior. Biotechnology is a leading scientific field that has opened new horizons to the study of the natural and social aspects of human life. Biotechnologists need to use novel communication tools such as social media for education, research and marketing. Biotechnology education has been significantly affected by the Internet and social media because students and instructors increasingly tend to acquire and share scientific knowledge online. Moreover, the dynamic development of online social networks has paved the way for marketing innovations in the biotechnology industry. This study, on one hand, aims to explain the use of social media in biotechnology research, education, and industry, and on the other hand, investigates how social media contributes to the improvement this scientific field.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"135-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48801125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-13DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.108287
R. Satpathy
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with hormone receptors and are associated with a variety of adverse health effects. Therefore, there is a rising global concern about these substances. Numerous xenobiotic substances released into the environment are classified into EDCs that adversely affect the developmental and reproductive functions of living species. The mode of the action of these substances are directly or indirectly binding to the hormone receptors and abnormally controls the hormonal activity. However, major challenges exist in order to analyse the effect of these substances experimentally as it is associated with experimental costs and performance time. Therefore, the bioinformatics basis of the study is used as an alternative to experimental approaches by many researchers. Popular computational methods such as molecular docking is currently used to predict the effect of the EDCs on the endocrine receptor. Molecular docking method uses the EDCs as ligand and hormonal receptor proteins as the target and computationally evaluates the binding affinity, conformational changes and stability. Also, this is the ultimate leads to understand the structural and functional aspects. In this review, specifically the bioinformatics resources and implementation of molecular docking methods towards the evaluation of toxicity, binding affinity, classification of the potential endocrine disrupting substances have been discussed by narrating the literature.
{"title":"Application of Molecular Docking Methods on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: A Review","authors":"R. Satpathy","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.108287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.108287","url":null,"abstract":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with hormone receptors and are associated with a variety of adverse health effects. Therefore, there is a rising global concern about these substances. Numerous xenobiotic substances released into the environment are classified into EDCs that adversely affect the developmental and reproductive functions of living species. The mode of the action of these substances are directly or indirectly binding to the hormone receptors and abnormally controls the hormonal activity. However, major challenges exist in order to analyse the effect of these substances experimentally as it is associated with experimental costs and performance time. Therefore, the bioinformatics basis of the study is used as an alternative to experimental approaches by many researchers. Popular computational methods such as molecular docking is currently used to predict the effect of the EDCs on the endocrine receptor. Molecular docking method uses the EDCs as ligand and hormonal receptor proteins as the target and computationally evaluates the binding affinity, conformational changes and stability. Also, this is the ultimate leads to understand the structural and functional aspects. In this review, specifically the bioinformatics resources and implementation of molecular docking methods towards the evaluation of toxicity, binding affinity, classification of the potential endocrine disrupting substances have been discussed by narrating the literature.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"74-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46272045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-20DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.107582
Nazanin Ahadi, H. Hosseini, R. Halabian, H. Fahimi
Introduction: Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have novel therapeutic potential to treat a wide variety of diseases but they have poor survival in oxidative stress conditions. Probiotics are one of the most effective antioxidant substances in the improvement of cell resistance to oxidative environments. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on MSCs viability in stressful conditions. Materials and Methods: The MSCs were exposed to live or killed L. rhamnosus in oxidative-stress conditions to evaluate the expression of antioxidant genes; heme oxygenase (HO1), metallothionein 1 (MT1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and 2 (SOD2). Also, the antioxidant activity was assessed. Results: In harmful conditions (H2O2) and serum deprivation, killed L. rhamnosus not only increased the expression of HO-1, MT1, SOD1 and SOD2 genes of the MSCs (P ≤ 0.001) but also enhanced the antioxidant activity of MSCs (P ≤ 0.001), leading to a better survival under oxidative stress conditions. The synergism effect of killed L. rhamnosus increased the antioxidant potential of MSCs to resist oxidative stress conditions. Conclusions: The killed L. rhamnosus has protective effects on the survival of MSCs in stress conditions.
{"title":"Evaluation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Antioxidant Effects on Survival of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells","authors":"Nazanin Ahadi, H. Hosseini, R. Halabian, H. Fahimi","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.107582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.107582","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have novel therapeutic potential to treat a wide variety of diseases but they have poor survival in oxidative stress conditions. Probiotics are one of the most effective antioxidant substances in the improvement of cell resistance to oxidative environments. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on MSCs viability in stressful conditions. Materials and Methods: The MSCs were exposed to live or killed L. rhamnosus in oxidative-stress conditions to evaluate the expression of antioxidant genes; heme oxygenase (HO1), metallothionein 1 (MT1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and 2 (SOD2). Also, the antioxidant activity was assessed. Results: In harmful conditions (H2O2) and serum deprivation, killed L. rhamnosus not only increased the expression of HO-1, MT1, SOD1 and SOD2 genes of the MSCs (P ≤ 0.001) but also enhanced the antioxidant activity of MSCs (P ≤ 0.001), leading to a better survival under oxidative stress conditions. The synergism effect of killed L. rhamnosus increased the antioxidant potential of MSCs to resist oxidative stress conditions. Conclusions: The killed L. rhamnosus has protective effects on the survival of MSCs in stress conditions.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"104-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44318139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-20DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.107583
Tabti Leila, M. A. Dib, B. Tabti, C. Jean, A. Muselli
Introduction: Since ancient times, the therapeutic virtues of plants have been a part of the traditional pharmacopoeia of several Mediterranean countries, with various uses depending on the country. Among the plants with a great therapeutic potential, Pistacia lentiscus L. and P. atlantica Desf. (Anacardiaceae), are found in the Mediterranean circum-country. The present study was conducted in order to identify and compare the chemical compositions of the essential oils of P. atlantica and P. lentiscus as well as to determine their efficiency as a fumigant toxicity for the control of pest insect Tribolium confusum. Materials and Methods: In this study, the aerial parts of the plants were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The isolated essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The fumigation toxicity of essential oils was evaluated against the adults of T. confusum. Results: The essential oils of both plants showed qualitative differences in their chemical compositions. The major compounds identified from P. lentiscus were (E)-β-caryophyllene (16.3%) and γ-cadinene (15.6%), while from P. atlantica was terpinen-4-ol (35.6%). Results of the fumigant tests of the essential oils revealed that the essential oil of P. lentiscus was the most toxic. The estimated concentration to kill 50 % of the treated insects (LC50) was 7.5 μL/L air. Conclusions: The results showed that P. lentiscus essential oil presented an interesting fumigant property and that could be proposed as new potential sources of natural bioinsecticides.
{"title":"Insecticidal Activity of Essential Oils of Pistacia atlantica Desf. and Pistacia lentiscus L. Against Tribolium confusum Dul.","authors":"Tabti Leila, M. A. Dib, B. Tabti, C. Jean, A. Muselli","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.107583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.107583","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Since ancient times, the therapeutic virtues of plants have been a part of the traditional pharmacopoeia of several Mediterranean countries, with various uses depending on the country. Among the plants with a great therapeutic potential, Pistacia lentiscus L. and P. atlantica Desf. (Anacardiaceae), are found in the Mediterranean circum-country. The present study was conducted in order to identify and compare the chemical compositions of the essential oils of P. atlantica and P. lentiscus as well as to determine their efficiency as a fumigant toxicity for the control of pest insect Tribolium confusum. Materials and Methods: In this study, the aerial parts of the plants were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The isolated essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The fumigation toxicity of essential oils was evaluated against the adults of T. confusum. Results: The essential oils of both plants showed qualitative differences in their chemical compositions. The major compounds identified from P. lentiscus were (E)-β-caryophyllene (16.3%) and γ-cadinene (15.6%), while from P. atlantica was terpinen-4-ol (35.6%). Results of the fumigant tests of the essential oils revealed that the essential oil of P. lentiscus was the most toxic. The estimated concentration to kill 50 % of the treated insects (LC50) was 7.5 μL/L air. Conclusions: The results showed that P. lentiscus essential oil presented an interesting fumigant property and that could be proposed as new potential sources of natural bioinsecticides.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"111-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41813628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-19DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.107556
Mohammad Rahmati, Yousef Nikmanesh, N. Abshorshori, Behrooz Johari
Introduction: Trastuzumab is a common treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer. Trastuzumab exerts its effect through inhibiting the intracellular signaling pathway induced by HER2. This study aimed to specifically investigate the cytotoxic effect of trastuzumab against two different breast cell lines, MDA-MB-453 (HER2-high) and MDA-MB-468 (HER2-low). Materials and Methods: The breast cancer cell lines were subjected to various concentrations of trastuzumab (1-1000 ng/mL). The trastuzumab’s effects were regularly monitored via direct observation by inverted microscopy. Effects of trastuzumab were determined on cytotoxicity, cell proliferation and apoptosis at 24 and 72 hours post-treatment via MTT colorimetric, cell cycle and apoptosis assays. Results: Microscopic observation demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in cell death at treated ones. The MTT assay showed that trastuzumab (1-1000 ng/mL) inhibited the growth of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The findings of the present study revealed that trastuzumab induces a statistically higher cytotoxicity at all concentrations in MDA-MB-453 compared to MDA-MB-468 cells. It has been actually revealed that trastuzumab suppresses cell proliferation through inducing G1 phase arrest and triggers apoptosis in both cell lines. However, the effect of trastuzumab was found to be higher in MDA-MB-453, compared to MDA-MB-468. Conclusions: Trastuzumab could inhibit cell proliferation and trigger apoptosis in HER2-positive cells. Although Trastuzumab affected both cell lines, it significantly inhibited the cell growth of HER2-high cells.
{"title":"Investigating the Cytotoxic and Anti-proliferative Effects of Trastuzumab on MDA-MB-453 and MDA-MB-468 Breast Cell Lines With Different Levels of HER2 Expression","authors":"Mohammad Rahmati, Yousef Nikmanesh, N. Abshorshori, Behrooz Johari","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.107556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.107556","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Trastuzumab is a common treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer. Trastuzumab exerts its effect through inhibiting the intracellular signaling pathway induced by HER2. This study aimed to specifically investigate the cytotoxic effect of trastuzumab against two different breast cell lines, MDA-MB-453 (HER2-high) and MDA-MB-468 (HER2-low). Materials and Methods: The breast cancer cell lines were subjected to various concentrations of trastuzumab (1-1000 ng/mL). The trastuzumab’s effects were regularly monitored via direct observation by inverted microscopy. Effects of trastuzumab were determined on cytotoxicity, cell proliferation and apoptosis at 24 and 72 hours post-treatment via MTT colorimetric, cell cycle and apoptosis assays. Results: Microscopic observation demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in cell death at treated ones. The MTT assay showed that trastuzumab (1-1000 ng/mL) inhibited the growth of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The findings of the present study revealed that trastuzumab induces a statistically higher cytotoxicity at all concentrations in MDA-MB-453 compared to MDA-MB-468 cells. It has been actually revealed that trastuzumab suppresses cell proliferation through inducing G1 phase arrest and triggers apoptosis in both cell lines. However, the effect of trastuzumab was found to be higher in MDA-MB-453, compared to MDA-MB-468. Conclusions: Trastuzumab could inhibit cell proliferation and trigger apoptosis in HER2-positive cells. Although Trastuzumab affected both cell lines, it significantly inhibited the cell growth of HER2-high cells.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46004373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-19DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.107559
A. Mohammadi, Abomohammad Asgarkhani, Seyed Bagher Mirabbasi
The role of different sciences in the development of each other is quite clear and undeniable. Today, the application of scientific and laboratory facilities for discovering the truth and collecting evidence has increasingly extended and almost dominated the old methods. Hence, the era of probative evidence has been introduced as the age of scientific and legal evidence convergence. Meanwhile, applying the evidence provided through biotechnological methods has become commonplace among judges for achieving the certainty and getting persuaded. On the other hand, the right to life is on the top of the list of fundamental rights inherited to the human beings which accurse the action of physically removing any person or a group of persons for any specific and non-specific reason. Self-determination is another basic human right which knows people possessing the fundamental right to determine their own destiny by birth. In a legal biological system, scientific experiments providing physical, chemical, and mechanical evidence from laboratory and biological examinations will be taken as the basis of criminal evidence, known as forensic biotechnology. In the present paper, the role of forensic biotechnology in establishing the above-mentioned human rights is summarized.
{"title":"The Position of Modern Biotechnology in Proving the Violation of the Living Right as a Right to Determine the Destiny","authors":"A. Mohammadi, Abomohammad Asgarkhani, Seyed Bagher Mirabbasi","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.107559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.107559","url":null,"abstract":"The role of different sciences in the development of each other is quite clear and undeniable. Today, the application of scientific and laboratory facilities for discovering the truth and collecting evidence has increasingly extended and almost dominated the old methods. Hence, the era of probative evidence has been introduced as the age of scientific and legal evidence convergence. Meanwhile, applying the evidence provided through biotechnological methods has become commonplace among judges for achieving the certainty and getting persuaded. On the other hand, the right to life is on the top of the list of fundamental rights inherited to the human beings which accurse the action of physically removing any person or a group of persons for any specific and non-specific reason. Self-determination is another basic human right which knows people possessing the fundamental right to determine their own destiny by birth. In a legal biological system, scientific experiments providing physical, chemical, and mechanical evidence from laboratory and biological examinations will be taken as the basis of criminal evidence, known as forensic biotechnology. In the present paper, the role of forensic biotechnology in establishing the above-mentioned human rights is summarized.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"59-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49646021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-14DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.106075
Nayereh Azimijou, H. Keshvari, S. Tabaei, M. Rahimi, M. Imanzadeh
Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the infectious diseases and health problems in tropical regions. Glucantime is commonly used to treat CL and it, not only has some side effects but also observation shows the drug resistance of some of the various Leishmania species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and bioresonance waves on Leishmania, in vitro. Materials and Methods: In the present experimental study, Leishmania major promastigotes were cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin and streptomycin at 23°C. After 6 days, the parasites achieved stationary phases of promastigotes, Then the effects of different concentrations of AgNPs (1, 3, 5, 10 and 25 μg/mL) and different radiation times of bioresonance wave (5 and 20 minutes) were investigated. Herein, the effects of various treatment on parasites proliferation were evaluated with live promastigotes counting after 24, 48 and 72 hours treatment. Results: The parasite count showed that the various concentrations of AgNPs, radiation of bioresonance wave and combination significantly decreased the numbers of live promastigotes over time compared with the control group after 72 hours. The highest antileishmanial activity was seen for AgNPs at concentration of 1 μg/mL when combined with 20 minutes radiation of bioresonance wave (proliferation inhibition: 79.92%). Conclusions: Based on our result, AgNPs and bioresonance waves are potent antileishmanial agents. The authors declare that the more studies should be done.
{"title":"Investigation the Effect of Silver Nanoparticles and Bioresonance Wave Radiation on Leishmania major: An In Vitro Study","authors":"Nayereh Azimijou, H. Keshvari, S. Tabaei, M. Rahimi, M. Imanzadeh","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.106075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.106075","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the infectious diseases and health problems in tropical regions. Glucantime is commonly used to treat CL and it, not only has some side effects but also observation shows the drug resistance of some of the various Leishmania species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and bioresonance waves on Leishmania, in vitro. Materials and Methods: In the present experimental study, Leishmania major promastigotes were cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin and streptomycin at 23°C. After 6 days, the parasites achieved stationary phases of promastigotes, Then the effects of different concentrations of AgNPs (1, 3, 5, 10 and 25 μg/mL) and different radiation times of bioresonance wave (5 and 20 minutes) were investigated. Herein, the effects of various treatment on parasites proliferation were evaluated with live promastigotes counting after 24, 48 and 72 hours treatment. Results: The parasite count showed that the various concentrations of AgNPs, radiation of bioresonance wave and combination significantly decreased the numbers of live promastigotes over time compared with the control group after 72 hours. The highest antileishmanial activity was seen for AgNPs at concentration of 1 μg/mL when combined with 20 minutes radiation of bioresonance wave (proliferation inhibition: 79.92%). Conclusions: Based on our result, AgNPs and bioresonance waves are potent antileishmanial agents. The authors declare that the more studies should be done.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44561754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-11DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.105914
Souhila Bensmail, K. Boudjema, Fethia Naimi-Fazouane
Introduction: Aspartic proteases produced by different non-pathogenic fungi belonging to mucorales, are commonly used as milk-coagulants. The present study aims to optimize conditions for milk-clotting protease production by a new strain of Mucor genus and to assess its ability in soft cheese making. Materials and Methods: About 20 fungal strains isolated from soil were investigated for their potential to produce milk-clotting proteases for further applications in cheese making. The hyper producer strain Mucor circinelloides 2095-2047 was selected for optimization of rennin-like enzyme production under solid-state fermentation (SSF) using the stepwise modifications of the selected parameters. The enzyme produced under the optimal conditions was partially purified and then applied in Camembert cheese making trials compared to the crude extract and commercial rennet. Results: The maximum milk-curdling activity achieved after optimization (571.43 SU/mL) was obtained using wheat bran (10 g) as the mainly source of carbon containing 1% galactose; moistened with the M-9 solution (pH 6.0) and incubated at 30°C for 96 hours. The enzyme of M. circinelloides was partially purified with a high recovery of 105% and 6.23-fold purity after (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and dialysis. The physicochemical properties of the three produced cheeses were very close. A low sensory quality of cheese was obtained with the crude extract which was getting better using the pre-purified enzyme. This extract was able to develop a very close or even a similar sensory quality to that obtained by the commercial rennet. Conclusions: According to findings, it is possible to propose the purified enzyme of M. circinelloides as a new alternative for rennet, but further optimization, purification and cheese production tests are required.
{"title":"Production of Extracellular Rennin-Like Enzyme by a Newly Isolate Mucor circinelloides (von Tieghem) and its Application in Camembert Cheese Making","authors":"Souhila Bensmail, K. Boudjema, Fethia Naimi-Fazouane","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.105914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.105914","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Aspartic proteases produced by different non-pathogenic fungi belonging to mucorales, are commonly used as milk-coagulants. The present study aims to optimize conditions for milk-clotting protease production by a new strain of Mucor genus and to assess its ability in soft cheese making. Materials and Methods: About 20 fungal strains isolated from soil were investigated for their potential to produce milk-clotting proteases for further applications in cheese making. The hyper producer strain Mucor circinelloides 2095-2047 was selected for optimization of rennin-like enzyme production under solid-state fermentation (SSF) using the stepwise modifications of the selected parameters. The enzyme produced under the optimal conditions was partially purified and then applied in Camembert cheese making trials compared to the crude extract and commercial rennet. Results: The maximum milk-curdling activity achieved after optimization (571.43 SU/mL) was obtained using wheat bran (10 g) as the mainly source of carbon containing 1% galactose; moistened with the M-9 solution (pH 6.0) and incubated at 30°C for 96 hours. The enzyme of M. circinelloides was partially purified with a high recovery of 105% and 6.23-fold purity after (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and dialysis. The physicochemical properties of the three produced cheeses were very close. A low sensory quality of cheese was obtained with the crude extract which was getting better using the pre-purified enzyme. This extract was able to develop a very close or even a similar sensory quality to that obtained by the commercial rennet. Conclusions: According to findings, it is possible to propose the purified enzyme of M. circinelloides as a new alternative for rennet, but further optimization, purification and cheese production tests are required.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"16-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45399685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-11DOI: 10.30491/JABR.2020.105919
Seyyed Behnam Abdollahi Boraei, Jhamak Nourmohammadi, B. Bakhshandeh, M. Dehghan, Z. Gonzalez, B. Ferrari
Introduction: Protelos (Pr) is a drug treatment for osteoporosis which reduces the risk of broken bones. The drug is unusual in that it both increases the deposition of new bone by osteoblasts and reduces the resorption of bone by osteoclasts. In this study, the effect of different amounts of Pr on the properties of gelatin-based scaffolds has been investigated. Materials and Methods: Halloysite nanotube (HNT) was used to control the release of Pr, while the HNT: Pr ratios changed. (2:1 (0.5-GHPr) and 1: 2 (2-GHPr)). For characterization of the scaffolds, the morphology, structure, mechanical behavior, and release behavior of this nanocomposite scaffold were studied. Also, cellular studies such as 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium deposition of the nanocomposite scaffolds were investigated. Results: As a result, it can be stated that the 2-GHPr nanocomposite scaffold showed the best osteogenesis and release behavior between prepared scaffolds. In the case of mechanical properties, also 2-GHPr scaffolds had the best mechanical strength and modulus. Conclusions: According to the results, it can be mentioned that 2-GHPr composite scaffolds are a good choice in bone tissue engineering (TE).
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