Introduction: Estrogens are of the most dangerous micro/nanopollutants that have shown severe influences on the ecosystems and micro-organisms. There is an ever-increasing demand to reliably detect and practically remove these estrogens from effluents. In a recently proposed method, estrogens can be detected and removed from effluents using a sampler (lignin). In this study it has been shown that ionic liquids are a potential choice to separate the adsorbed estrogens from the surface of “dirty” lignin so that the sampler could be reused. Materials and Methods: More than 300 ionic liquids were screened for removing estrogens from the lignin surface by employing a quantum chemistry method, COnductor-like Screening MOdel (COSMO), to determine the interaction quality between the ionic liquid and eight estrogens of interest. Results: The results revealed that there are at least 24 solvents that can remove adsorbed estrogens from the surface of lignin. Conclusions: This prediction completes the cycle of reusing lignin as an efficient polymeric sampler to remove estrogens from effluents and provokes experimental justifications.
{"title":"Computational Prediction of Estrogenic Micropollutants Removal from Lignin Surface Using Ionic Liquids","authors":"R. Hafizi, M. Amani, R. Taheri","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.03.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.03.08","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Estrogens are of the most dangerous micro/nanopollutants that have shown severe influences on the ecosystems and micro-organisms. There is an ever-increasing demand to reliably detect and practically remove these estrogens from effluents. In a recently proposed method, estrogens can be detected and removed from effluents using a sampler (lignin). In this study it has been shown that ionic liquids are a potential choice to separate the adsorbed estrogens from the surface of “dirty” lignin so that the sampler could be reused. Materials and Methods: More than 300 ionic liquids were screened for removing estrogens from the lignin surface by employing a quantum chemistry method, COnductor-like Screening MOdel (COSMO), to determine the interaction quality between the ionic liquid and eight estrogens of interest. Results: The results revealed that there are at least 24 solvents that can remove adsorbed estrogens from the surface of lignin. Conclusions: This prediction completes the cycle of reusing lignin as an efficient polymeric sampler to remove estrogens from effluents and provokes experimental justifications.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44407058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sadegh Zarei, J. Z. Reza, H. Z. Jaliani, M. Hajizadeh, Saman Sargazi
Introduction: Resistance to selective small-molecule inhibitors has been a substantial factor for limiting the efficacy of ovarian cancer. Recent studies have revealed that proteasome inhibitors induce acquired drug resistance. The possible mechanisms underlying the resistance to carfilzomib (CFZ), a recently developed inhibitor of proteasome, has not been well studied. This experimental study has aimed to determine if CFZ induces drug resistance in A2780 ovarian cancer cells through p53- and caspase-3 dependent pathways. Materials and Methods: The A2780CFZ cells were generated by continuous culturing of A2780S cells in the presence of CFZ for 4 months. The MTT cytotoxic assay was applied to compare the survival rates in A2780CFZ and A2780S cells. Also, the relative expression of p53 and caspase-3 genes were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The nonparametric ANOVA and Friedman tests were used for data analysis. Results: A significant difference was observed between the viability of resistant- and sensitive-A2780 cells exposed to various concentrations of CFZ, indicating that A2780S cells have become resistant to this drug under long-term culture. Compared with A2780CFZ cells, the mRNA levels of p53 gene in A2780S cells were significantly increased after 12 (P = 0.008), and 24 hours (P = 0.034) . Also, no significant differences were observed regarding caspase-3 mRNA levels between both cell lines (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that regulation of p53 gene expression in A2780CFZ cells might be the possible primary mechanism for gaining resistance against CFZ, but this might be independent of caspase cascades activation. Further studies are required to find strategies for overcoming CFZ resistance.
{"title":"Carfilzomib Induces Drug Resistance in A2780 Ovarian Cancer Cells Through p53-Dependent and Caspase-3 Independent Pathways","authors":"Sadegh Zarei, J. Z. Reza, H. Z. Jaliani, M. Hajizadeh, Saman Sargazi","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Resistance to selective small-molecule inhibitors has been a substantial factor for limiting the efficacy of ovarian cancer. Recent studies have revealed that proteasome inhibitors induce acquired drug resistance. The possible mechanisms underlying the resistance to carfilzomib (CFZ), a recently developed inhibitor of proteasome, has not been well studied. This experimental study has aimed to determine if CFZ induces drug resistance in A2780 ovarian cancer cells through p53- and caspase-3 dependent pathways. Materials and Methods: The A2780CFZ cells were generated by continuous culturing of A2780S cells in the presence of CFZ for 4 months. The MTT cytotoxic assay was applied to compare the survival rates in A2780CFZ and A2780S cells. Also, the relative expression of p53 and caspase-3 genes were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The nonparametric ANOVA and Friedman tests were used for data analysis. Results: A significant difference was observed between the viability of resistant- and sensitive-A2780 cells exposed to various concentrations of CFZ, indicating that A2780S cells have become resistant to this drug under long-term culture. Compared with A2780CFZ cells, the mRNA levels of p53 gene in A2780S cells were significantly increased after 12 (P = 0.008), and 24 hours (P = 0.034) . Also, no significant differences were observed regarding caspase-3 mRNA levels between both cell lines (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that regulation of p53 gene expression in A2780CFZ cells might be the possible primary mechanism for gaining resistance against CFZ, but this might be independent of caspase cascades activation. Further studies are required to find strategies for overcoming CFZ resistance.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44438975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Jalili, Shiva Roshankhah, M. Mohammadi, M. Salahshoor
Introduction: Royal jelly (RJ) is a honey bee secretion with numerous medicinal properties and antioxidant activities. Morphine is a major risk factor in the development of functional disorders in several organ systems. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of RJ against morphine-induced damage to the prefrontal cortex of rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups: sham group, morphine group, RJ groups (100, and 200 mg/kg), and morphine + RJ groups. Treatments were administered intraperitoneally and orally for 20 days on a daily basis. Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) method was applied to determine the total antioxidant capacity. The number of neurons and, dendritic spines were investigated by Golgi technique, and Griess technique was employed to determine the serum nitrite oxide level. Results: Morphine administration significantly increased the nitrite oxide level and total antioxidant capacity, and reduced neuronal dendritic spines and neurons compared to the sham group (P < 0.05). In all RJ and Morphine + RJ groups, the number of neurons and neuronal dendritic spines were elevated significantly, while nitrite oxide level and total antioxidant capacity were reduced compared to the morphine group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: RJ administration protected animals against oxidative stress and nitrite oxide. It also improves some prefrontal cortex parameters including number of neurons and dendritic spines because of the morphine.
{"title":"Effects of Royal Jelly on the Prefrontal Cortex in a Rat - Morphine Toxicity Model","authors":"C. Jalili, Shiva Roshankhah, M. Mohammadi, M. Salahshoor","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Royal jelly (RJ) is a honey bee secretion with numerous medicinal properties and antioxidant activities. Morphine is a major risk factor in the development of functional disorders in several organ systems. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of RJ against morphine-induced damage to the prefrontal cortex of rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups: sham group, morphine group, RJ groups (100, and 200 mg/kg), and morphine + RJ groups. Treatments were administered intraperitoneally and orally for 20 days on a daily basis. Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) method was applied to determine the total antioxidant capacity. The number of neurons and, dendritic spines were investigated by Golgi technique, and Griess technique was employed to determine the serum nitrite oxide level. Results: Morphine administration significantly increased the nitrite oxide level and total antioxidant capacity, and reduced neuronal dendritic spines and neurons compared to the sham group (P < 0.05). In all RJ and Morphine + RJ groups, the number of neurons and neuronal dendritic spines were elevated significantly, while nitrite oxide level and total antioxidant capacity were reduced compared to the morphine group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: RJ administration protected animals against oxidative stress and nitrite oxide. It also improves some prefrontal cortex parameters including number of neurons and dendritic spines because of the morphine.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48626701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Jafari, B. J. Khanabadi, N. Nejadi, B. Farhadihosseinabadi
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to determine the susceptibility of lipids to Cu-induced peroxidation in diluted plasma and its relation with plasma lipids and lipoproteins in a group of healthy men. Materials and Methods: In 100 healthy men volunteers (age range 20-55 years with a mean of 36.8±10.3 years), fasting plasma levels of lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)], total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were assayed. The Cu2+-induced lipid peroxidation was evaluated. Lipid oxidation was estimated by monitoring the change of conjugated dienes in the diluted plasma following the addition of Cu2+. The kinetic curves of the accumulation of lipid peroxide products were prepared, and a number of quantitative parameters including lag time, time of maximal oxidation rate (T-max), and maximal accumulation of absorbing products (OD-max) were evaluated. Results: The TG concentrations were positively correlated with lag time and T-max (r=0.33, P < 0.01 and r=0.24, P < 0.05) respectively. Also, TC and LDL-C were positively correlated with OD-max (r=0.28, P < 0.01 and r=0.26, P < 0.05 respectively), and HDL-C was negatively correlated (r=-0.23, P < 0.05) with T-max. No significant correlation was observed between other variables and lipid oxidizability parameters. Conclusions: Results of this research indicate that TG increased the resistance of LDL and VLDL against initiation of lipid oxidation. In addition, HDL-C induced the susceptibility of lipid oxidizability.
{"title":"Association Between Plasma Lipids Profile and Lipids Oxidizability in Healthy Men","authors":"A. Jafari, B. J. Khanabadi, N. Nejadi, B. Farhadihosseinabadi","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of the present study was to determine the susceptibility of lipids to Cu-induced peroxidation in diluted plasma and its relation with plasma lipids and lipoproteins in a group of healthy men. Materials and Methods: In 100 healthy men volunteers (age range 20-55 years with a mean of 36.8±10.3 years), fasting plasma levels of lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)], total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were assayed. The Cu2+-induced lipid peroxidation was evaluated. Lipid oxidation was estimated by monitoring the change of conjugated dienes in the diluted plasma following the addition of Cu2+. The kinetic curves of the accumulation of lipid peroxide products were prepared, and a number of quantitative parameters including lag time, time of maximal oxidation rate (T-max), and maximal accumulation of absorbing products (OD-max) were evaluated. Results: The TG concentrations were positively correlated with lag time and T-max (r=0.33, P < 0.01 and r=0.24, P < 0.05) respectively. Also, TC and LDL-C were positively correlated with OD-max (r=0.28, P < 0.01 and r=0.26, P < 0.05 respectively), and HDL-C was negatively correlated (r=-0.23, P < 0.05) with T-max. No significant correlation was observed between other variables and lipid oxidizability parameters. Conclusions: Results of this research indicate that TG increased the resistance of LDL and VLDL against initiation of lipid oxidation. In addition, HDL-C induced the susceptibility of lipid oxidizability.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47603369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Murugesan, Yabsera Tesfaye, Afrah Mahmmud, Esetna Tsegaye, T. Getachew, Yikerta Argaw
Introduction: Fruit waste mediated biosurfactant (BS) embraces the considerable attention in this green chemistry era to provide an environment benign application. In this study, the impact of a shorter fermentation on the BS production was studied by employing selected fruit peels as a cheaper substrate. Materials and Methods: The avocado, banana, lemon and pineapple fruit peel wastes were collected and used for fermentation along with water and molasses. The setup was treated separately with and without yeast in order to study its effects in fermentation. Results: The effect of yeast as a catalyst in a shorter fermentation period has been found to be negative. The emulsification index (E24) values indicated that the fermented solutions of banana and lemon have better emulsification activity compared to the other fruit waste fermented solutions produced in this study. Foam formation, color removal, and seed germination values suggested that the BS production was very minimum and alcohol was found to be dominant in all the fermented solutions. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the fermentation periods of 30 days are not sufficient to produce the BS in higher quality and quantities by using fruit peels. This is while the fruit peels used in this study are capable to produce and can be used as renewable, eco-friendly, and economic substrates for producing BS in an appropriate fermentation period. Still, further studies are needed to elucidate the complete chemical reaction and the components involved in the experimental setup tested in this study.
{"title":"A Comparative Preliminary Analysis of Selected Fruit Peel Waste Fermented Solutions: Impact of Shorter Fermentation in Biosurfactant Production","authors":"K. Murugesan, Yabsera Tesfaye, Afrah Mahmmud, Esetna Tsegaye, T. Getachew, Yikerta Argaw","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fruit waste mediated biosurfactant (BS) embraces the considerable attention in this green chemistry era to provide an environment benign application. In this study, the impact of a shorter fermentation on the BS production was studied by employing selected fruit peels as a cheaper substrate. Materials and Methods: The avocado, banana, lemon and pineapple fruit peel wastes were collected and used for fermentation along with water and molasses. The setup was treated separately with and without yeast in order to study its effects in fermentation. Results: The effect of yeast as a catalyst in a shorter fermentation period has been found to be negative. The emulsification index (E24) values indicated that the fermented solutions of banana and lemon have better emulsification activity compared to the other fruit waste fermented solutions produced in this study. Foam formation, color removal, and seed germination values suggested that the BS production was very minimum and alcohol was found to be dominant in all the fermented solutions. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the fermentation periods of 30 days are not sufficient to produce the BS in higher quality and quantities by using fruit peels. This is while the fruit peels used in this study are capable to produce and can be used as renewable, eco-friendly, and economic substrates for producing BS in an appropriate fermentation period. Still, further studies are needed to elucidate the complete chemical reaction and the components involved in the experimental setup tested in this study.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47448461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Chikhi, F. Dergal, Djazia Meryem Gana, M. A. Dib, H. Chaker
Introduction: Solenostemma oleifolium is a species that grows in extremely dry conditions. It is widespread at the foot of cliffs and in rocky areas. It is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of diabetes, respiratory disorders, rheumatism, stomach pain, urinary tract infections and febrifuge. As a part of this research program on natural compounds with antioxidant properties, the main objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of essential oil of S. oleifolium. Material and Methods: In this study, the aerial parts of the plant were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The isolated essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing power (FRAP). Results: The essential oil of S. oleifolium was principally characterized by oxygenated monoterpenes (94.3%) represented by linalool (59.0%), α-terpineol (14.5%) and geraniol (12.4%), followed by small amounts of nerol (3.7%) and piperitone (3.6%). The results of the antioxidant activity of essential oil showed an interesting propriety in the quenching of DPPH radical, with an IC50 of 3.3 g/L. On the other hand, essential oil showed the presence of the reductive effect, which increased with an increase in concentration. Conclusions: The results of this research showed that the S. oleifolium essential oil presented an interesting antioxidant property. Actually, it could be proposed as a new potential source of natural additives for the food or pharmaceutical industries.
{"title":"Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Solenostemma oleifolium Essential Oil from Southern Algeria","authors":"I. Chikhi, F. Dergal, Djazia Meryem Gana, M. A. Dib, H. Chaker","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Solenostemma oleifolium is a species that grows in extremely dry conditions. It is widespread at the foot of cliffs and in rocky areas. It is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of diabetes, respiratory disorders, rheumatism, stomach pain, urinary tract infections and febrifuge. As a part of this research program on natural compounds with antioxidant properties, the main objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of essential oil of S. oleifolium. Material and Methods: In this study, the aerial parts of the plant were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The isolated essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing power (FRAP). Results: The essential oil of S. oleifolium was principally characterized by oxygenated monoterpenes (94.3%) represented by linalool (59.0%), α-terpineol (14.5%) and geraniol (12.4%), followed by small amounts of nerol (3.7%) and piperitone (3.6%). The results of the antioxidant activity of essential oil showed an interesting propriety in the quenching of DPPH radical, with an IC50 of 3.3 g/L. On the other hand, essential oil showed the presence of the reductive effect, which increased with an increase in concentration. Conclusions: The results of this research showed that the S. oleifolium essential oil presented an interesting antioxidant property. Actually, it could be proposed as a new potential source of natural additives for the food or pharmaceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48887888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Hashemibeni, M. Ansar, A. Kabiri, Maryam Goharian, Parto Nasiri, M. Aliakbari, M. Ghorbani
Introduction: Damages to cartilage are one of the most challenging issues of orthopedist in medicine as the healing of defects in the tissue has a very slow process and is extremely difficult. Tissue engineering (using scaffold), cells and growth factors can be used as alternatives to improve healing. Alginate is an ideal scaffold which has been also approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The transforming growth factor β3 (TGF β3) increases the viability of the chondrocytes and secretion of extra cellular matrix. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TGF β3 in the viability and production of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and aggrecan by rib chondrocytes. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, isolated costal chondrocytes were encapsulated in alginate and cultured for 3 weeks. Then, samples were divided into 2 groups: TGF-β3 treated and control groups. Finally, the viability of chondrocytes and production of GAG and aggrecan in both groups were evaluated by MTT, GAG and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: By 14 days, the results of the MTT showed that viability had significantly increased in the control group in compared to the TGF-β3 treated group. This is while by 21 days, the TGF-β3 treated group the viability had increased After 14 and 21 days, the GAG production in the TGF-β3 treated group had significantly increased in compared to the control group. The ELISA technique revealed that the production of aggrecan significantly increased in the TGF-β3 treated group at 14 days. Conclusions: Results indicate that TGF-β3 can increase the growth of costal cartilage and the production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Accordingly, TGF-β3 is necessary for the regeneration of cartilage.
{"title":"The Effects of TGF-β3 on the Proliferation and Function of Encapsulated Costal Cartilage Chondrocytes in Alginate Scaffold","authors":"B. Hashemibeni, M. Ansar, A. Kabiri, Maryam Goharian, Parto Nasiri, M. Aliakbari, M. Ghorbani","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Damages to cartilage are one of the most challenging issues of orthopedist in medicine as the healing of defects in the tissue has a very slow process and is extremely difficult. Tissue engineering (using scaffold), cells and growth factors can be used as alternatives to improve healing. Alginate is an ideal scaffold which has been also approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The transforming growth factor β3 (TGF β3) increases the viability of the chondrocytes and secretion of extra cellular matrix. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TGF β3 in the viability and production of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and aggrecan by rib chondrocytes. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, isolated costal chondrocytes were encapsulated in alginate and cultured for 3 weeks. Then, samples were divided into 2 groups: TGF-β3 treated and control groups. Finally, the viability of chondrocytes and production of GAG and aggrecan in both groups were evaluated by MTT, GAG and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: By 14 days, the results of the MTT showed that viability had significantly increased in the control group in compared to the TGF-β3 treated group. This is while by 21 days, the TGF-β3 treated group the viability had increased After 14 and 21 days, the GAG production in the TGF-β3 treated group had significantly increased in compared to the control group. The ELISA technique revealed that the production of aggrecan significantly increased in the TGF-β3 treated group at 14 days. Conclusions: Results indicate that TGF-β3 can increase the growth of costal cartilage and the production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Accordingly, TGF-β3 is necessary for the regeneration of cartilage.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49530452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: BIn the present study, a selective electrochemical sensor was developed to detect metronidazole (MTZ) through the modification of a screen-printed carbon electrode. Also, molecularly imprinted polyaniline (PANI) film layer/gold nanowire /reduced graphene oxide (GNW/rGO) was used to facilitate the charge transfer process and increase the specific surface area of the sensor. Materials and Methods: The molecularly imprinted PANI electropolymerization process and MTZ accumulation on the electrode were optimized using the response surface method. The modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results: The performance of the proposed electrochemical sensor was analyzed, and it proved to have a linear range of 0.03–980.0 nmolL-1 and a detection limit of 0.015 nmolL-1. The selectivity tests of the nanosensor showed its higher specificity for MTZ, as compared to other similar molecules. Furthermore, the developed sensor was successfully applied to detect MTZ in tablets and urine samples with a good recovery percentage. Conclusions: In comparison with other methods of MTZ detection, the proposed MIP-based electrochemical sensor offers a wider linear response and a lower detection limit.
{"title":"Developing a Novel Nanocomposite of Gold Nanowires/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Molecularly Imprinted Polyaniline for the Electrochemical Sensing of Metronidazole","authors":"M. Dehghani, N. Nasirizadeh, M. E. Yazdanshenas","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: BIn the present study, a selective electrochemical sensor was developed to detect metronidazole (MTZ) through the modification of a screen-printed carbon electrode. Also, molecularly imprinted polyaniline (PANI) film layer/gold nanowire /reduced graphene oxide (GNW/rGO) was used to facilitate the charge transfer process and increase the specific surface area of the sensor. Materials and Methods: The molecularly imprinted PANI electropolymerization process and MTZ accumulation on the electrode were optimized using the response surface method. The modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results: The performance of the proposed electrochemical sensor was analyzed, and it proved to have a linear range of 0.03–980.0 nmolL-1 and a detection limit of 0.015 nmolL-1. The selectivity tests of the nanosensor showed its higher specificity for MTZ, as compared to other similar molecules. Furthermore, the developed sensor was successfully applied to detect MTZ in tablets and urine samples with a good recovery percentage. Conclusions: In comparison with other methods of MTZ detection, the proposed MIP-based electrochemical sensor offers a wider linear response and a lower detection limit.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44481200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: White rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, has recently become a serious threat to tuber mustard cultivation in Hangzhou, China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and three different chitosans (A, B and C) against mustard white rot. The degree of N-deacetylation and the molecular weight of chitosans A, B and C were 85%-1129 kDa, 95%-521 kDa and 75%-607 kDa, respectively. Materials and Methods: The inhibitory effect of chitosans with different concentrations against the mycelia growth and sclerotia formation of 3 isolates of the pathogen was determined in vitro. In addition, the efficacy of chitosans and ASA against mustard white rot was assessed during in vivo tests. After protein extraction, effects of chitosans and ASA on resistance related enzymes including chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) were evaluated. Results: The chitosans reduced the mycelia growth and sclerotia formation of the pathogen. The chitosans showed significant antifungal effect against the disease in vivo. The chitosans and ASA markedly reduced the severity of the disease over time. Moreover, the chitosans and ASA markedly enhanced the level of most of the resistant related enzymes after 3 and 6 days. The chitosan B was found to have the best effect against tested pathogen isolates. Conclusions: The chitosan with the lowest molecular weight was found to be more effective against the disease. In addition, chitosans and ASA were able to significantly increase resistance-related enzymes over time indicating that they can be considered as resistant inducers against mustard white rot.
{"title":"Resistance Induction Against White Rot of Tuber Mustard Using Chitosans and Acetyl Salicylic Acid","authors":"Seyedmohammadreza Ojaghian, Ling Wang, Guan-lin Xie","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: White rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, has recently become a serious threat to tuber mustard cultivation in Hangzhou, China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and three different chitosans (A, B and C) against mustard white rot. The degree of N-deacetylation and the molecular weight of chitosans A, B and C were 85%-1129 kDa, 95%-521 kDa and 75%-607 kDa, respectively. Materials and Methods: The inhibitory effect of chitosans with different concentrations against the mycelia growth and sclerotia formation of 3 isolates of the pathogen was determined in vitro. In addition, the efficacy of chitosans and ASA against mustard white rot was assessed during in vivo tests. After protein extraction, effects of chitosans and ASA on resistance related enzymes including chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) were evaluated. Results: The chitosans reduced the mycelia growth and sclerotia formation of the pathogen. The chitosans showed significant antifungal effect against the disease in vivo. The chitosans and ASA markedly reduced the severity of the disease over time. Moreover, the chitosans and ASA markedly enhanced the level of most of the resistant related enzymes after 3 and 6 days. The chitosan B was found to have the best effect against tested pathogen isolates. Conclusions: The chitosan with the lowest molecular weight was found to be more effective against the disease. In addition, chitosans and ASA were able to significantly increase resistance-related enzymes over time indicating that they can be considered as resistant inducers against mustard white rot.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48205135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Arsenic toxicity has posed troublesome health concerns in the world and many of the toxic effects of arsenic are related to its effect on oxidative stress. The aim of the present study is to evaluate histopathological and antioxidant enzymes changes in oxidative stress status induced by sodium arsenite in rats. Materials and Methods: All experiments were carried out in male Wistar rats. Animal were divided into 2 groups of eight animals in each: Rats consumed distilled water (control group). Group 2: Rats consumed a solution of sodium arsenite (100 ppm) daily (arsenic group). At the end of day 28 arsenic exposure, the enzyme level in rat liver and kidney tissues was measured using the assay kits. The remaining liver, kidney, and heart tissue were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin and used for histological observation. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in values of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) in serum and tissue in kidney and liver rat (P < 0.05). But, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased significantly (P < 0.05). Arsenic caused severe degenerative changes in tubular cells and acute tubular necrosis, hepatocyte cell degeneration, severe hemorrhage, and infiltration and formation of Kupffer cells nodules, fragmentation, and degeneration of muscle fibers with pyknotic nuclei in heart tissue. Conclusions: The finding of the present study revealed that the administration of Sodium arsenite caused significant oxidative stress, decreased antioxidant enzymes activity and severe tissue damage.
{"title":"Histopathological Changes and Antioxidant Enzymes Status in Oxidative Stress Induction Using Sodium arsenite in Rats","authors":"Y. Nozohour, G. Jalilzadeh-Amin","doi":"10.29252/JABR.06.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JABR.06.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Arsenic toxicity has posed troublesome health concerns in the world and many of the toxic effects of arsenic are related to its effect on oxidative stress. The aim of the present study is to evaluate histopathological and antioxidant enzymes changes in oxidative stress status induced by sodium arsenite in rats. Materials and Methods: All experiments were carried out in male Wistar rats. Animal were divided into 2 groups of eight animals in each: Rats consumed distilled water (control group). Group 2: Rats consumed a solution of sodium arsenite (100 ppm) daily (arsenic group). At the end of day 28 arsenic exposure, the enzyme level in rat liver and kidney tissues was measured using the assay kits. The remaining liver, kidney, and heart tissue were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin and used for histological observation. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in values of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) in serum and tissue in kidney and liver rat (P < 0.05). But, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased significantly (P < 0.05). Arsenic caused severe degenerative changes in tubular cells and acute tubular necrosis, hepatocyte cell degeneration, severe hemorrhage, and infiltration and formation of Kupffer cells nodules, fragmentation, and degeneration of muscle fibers with pyknotic nuclei in heart tissue. Conclusions: The finding of the present study revealed that the administration of Sodium arsenite caused significant oxidative stress, decreased antioxidant enzymes activity and severe tissue damage.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43385480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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