Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00426-4
Seungsoon Choi, Keewook Yi, Haemyeong Jung, Albert Chang-sik Cheong
The intricate textural patterns commonly observed in metamorphosed and recrystallized zircon (ZrSiO4) underscore the crucial necessity of understanding the underlying mechanisms governing their formation to ensure accurate interpretation of the chemical and isotope data they contain. This study employed a combination of microanalytical techniques, including electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, electron microprobe (EMP) mapping, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging, to investigate the processes of formation and modification of zircon in a late Pleistocene (~ 35 ka) syenite enclosed within the Nari Tephra Formation on Ulleung Island in South Korea. Under cathodoluminescence (CL), zircons within the syenite reveal dark, featureless, or oscillatory-zoned cores containing numerous inclusions of britholite. These cores are partially or entirely replaced by inward-penetrating bright-CL domains that exhibit minimal inclusion presence. Despite these changes, the external morphologies of the zircons remain largely unchanged, and the faded oscillatory zoning is preserved in the replaced regions. EMP mapping discloses amoebiform micro-domains with high Y, U, and Th concentrations within the dark-CL cores, while the bright-CL domains are relatively deficient in these trace elements. Microstructural analysis of the zircons using EBSD mapping indicates no significant misorientation between the dark-CL cores and the bright-CL rims. Deformation-related low-angle boundaries by lattice distortion are clearly observed in certain grains, cutting across the discrete SEM and EMP domains, and often aligned along submicron pore trails. Microstructural and microchemical analyses carried out in this study establish that the zircons within the Ulleung syenite have undergone subsolidus recrystallization, a process likely influenced by the presence of fresh melts or fluids. This recrystallization process could be attributed to either coupled dissolution and reprecipitation or thermoactivated particle and defect volume diffusion due to inherent lattice strain. The subsequent deformation observed in the zircons might be a result of increased stress within the magma system after the recrystallization.
{"title":"Microstructural and microchemical analysis of zircon in a syenite lithic fragment from Ulleung Island volcano, South Korea","authors":"Seungsoon Choi, Keewook Yi, Haemyeong Jung, Albert Chang-sik Cheong","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00426-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00426-4","url":null,"abstract":"The intricate textural patterns commonly observed in metamorphosed and recrystallized zircon (ZrSiO4) underscore the crucial necessity of understanding the underlying mechanisms governing their formation to ensure accurate interpretation of the chemical and isotope data they contain. This study employed a combination of microanalytical techniques, including electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, electron microprobe (EMP) mapping, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging, to investigate the processes of formation and modification of zircon in a late Pleistocene (~ 35 ka) syenite enclosed within the Nari Tephra Formation on Ulleung Island in South Korea. Under cathodoluminescence (CL), zircons within the syenite reveal dark, featureless, or oscillatory-zoned cores containing numerous inclusions of britholite. These cores are partially or entirely replaced by inward-penetrating bright-CL domains that exhibit minimal inclusion presence. Despite these changes, the external morphologies of the zircons remain largely unchanged, and the faded oscillatory zoning is preserved in the replaced regions. EMP mapping discloses amoebiform micro-domains with high Y, U, and Th concentrations within the dark-CL cores, while the bright-CL domains are relatively deficient in these trace elements. Microstructural analysis of the zircons using EBSD mapping indicates no significant misorientation between the dark-CL cores and the bright-CL rims. Deformation-related low-angle boundaries by lattice distortion are clearly observed in certain grains, cutting across the discrete SEM and EMP domains, and often aligned along submicron pore trails. Microstructural and microchemical analyses carried out in this study establish that the zircons within the Ulleung syenite have undergone subsolidus recrystallization, a process likely influenced by the presence of fresh melts or fluids. This recrystallization process could be attributed to either coupled dissolution and reprecipitation or thermoactivated particle and defect volume diffusion due to inherent lattice strain. The subsequent deformation observed in the zircons might be a result of increased stress within the magma system after the recrystallization.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140171759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00425-5
Gi Young Jeong
Mineral dust is transported over long distances from desert sources, interacting with Earth environments. The mineralogy and microstructures of individual dust particles are required to understand the interactions. Here, I summarize recent findings from electron microscopy of dust particles, focusing on Asian and Saharan dust. Dust particles are heterogeneous mixtures of clay and nonclay minerals. Clay minerals account for more than half of the mass of mineral dust. Fine grains of clay minerals form their own aggregates, coat coarse nonclay minerals, or become a matrix of composite particles. The most abundant clay minerals are illite‒smectite series clay minerals (ISCMs) dominated by illite and interstratified illite‒smectite. Saharan dust is distinct from Asian dust by the high contents of palygorskite and hexagonal kaolinite. Common nonclay silicates are quartz, K-feldspar, and Na-rich plagioclase. Amorphous silica is associated with clays in Saharan dust. Calcite occurs as nanofibers as well as coarse grains, reacting with atmospheric acids to precipitate gypsum. The submicron grains of iron oxides and titanium oxides are scattered through the fine matrix of dust particles. ISCMs, chlorite, biotite, and iron oxides are iron carriers to remote ecosystems. The shapes of dust particles approximate ellipsoids whose aspect ratios increase with clay contents. The mineralogical classification of dust particles has led to the determination of the bulk mineral composition of a very small quantity of samples. The constituent mineralogy of dust particles is discussed in an environmental context with a brief introduction of the geological backgrounds of the minerals in their source areas.
矿物尘埃从沙漠源头远距离飘移，与地球环境相互作用。要了解这种相互作用，就必须了解单个尘埃颗粒的矿物学和微观结构。在此，我总结了尘埃粒子电子显微镜的最新发现，重点是亚洲和撒哈拉尘埃。尘埃粒子是粘土和非粘土矿物的异质混合物。粘土矿物占矿物尘埃质量的一半以上。细小的粘土矿物颗粒形成自己的集合体，包裹在粗糙的非粘土矿物上，或成为复合颗粒的基质。最丰富的粘土矿物是伊利石-直闪石系列粘土矿物（ISCMs），以伊利石和层间伊利石-直闪石为主。撒哈拉尘埃有别于亚洲尘埃，因为它含有大量的白云石和六方高岭石。常见的非粘土硅酸盐有石英、钾长石和富含 Na 的斜长石。撒哈拉尘埃中的无定形二氧化硅与粘土有关。方解石既有纳米纤维，也有粗大颗粒，与大气中的酸反应沉淀出石膏。铁氧化物和钛氧化物的亚微粒散布在尘埃颗粒的细小基质中。ISCM、绿泥石、黑云母和铁氧化物是偏远生态系统的铁载体。尘埃粒子的形状近似椭圆体，其长宽比随着粘土含量的增加而增大。通过对尘埃颗粒进行矿物学分类，可以确定极少量样本的主要矿物成分。本文从环境角度讨论了尘埃粒子的组成矿物学，并简要介绍了尘埃粒子来源地区的矿物地质背景。
{"title":"Microanalysis and mineralogy of Asian and Saharan dust","authors":"Gi Young Jeong","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00425-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00425-5","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral dust is transported over long distances from desert sources, interacting with Earth environments. The mineralogy and microstructures of individual dust particles are required to understand the interactions. Here, I summarize recent findings from electron microscopy of dust particles, focusing on Asian and Saharan dust. Dust particles are heterogeneous mixtures of clay and nonclay minerals. Clay minerals account for more than half of the mass of mineral dust. Fine grains of clay minerals form their own aggregates, coat coarse nonclay minerals, or become a matrix of composite particles. The most abundant clay minerals are illite‒smectite series clay minerals (ISCMs) dominated by illite and interstratified illite‒smectite. Saharan dust is distinct from Asian dust by the high contents of palygorskite and hexagonal kaolinite. Common nonclay silicates are quartz, K-feldspar, and Na-rich plagioclase. Amorphous silica is associated with clays in Saharan dust. Calcite occurs as nanofibers as well as coarse grains, reacting with atmospheric acids to precipitate gypsum. The submicron grains of iron oxides and titanium oxides are scattered through the fine matrix of dust particles. ISCMs, chlorite, biotite, and iron oxides are iron carriers to remote ecosystems. The shapes of dust particles approximate ellipsoids whose aspect ratios increase with clay contents. The mineralogical classification of dust particles has led to the determination of the bulk mineral composition of a very small quantity of samples. The constituent mineralogy of dust particles is discussed in an environmental context with a brief introduction of the geological backgrounds of the minerals in their source areas.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140126070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00422-8
Yuri Amelin, Hiroshi Hidaka
<p>The Special Collection of papers presented in this volume features the proceedings of the Korea-Japan Joint Conference on the Geochemical and Cosmochemical Applications of Microanalysis that was hosted by the Korea Basic Science Institute, and was held in Ochang, South Korea, in June 2023.</p><p>Precision of chemical and isotopic analysis in geosciences is constrained by the number of atoms and molecules available for measurements and also by the inherent properties of the analytical techniques. The interplay between these factors determines the areas of micro- and macroanalyses. Here we define microanalysis in geochemistry and cosmochemistry as any chemical, isotopic or structural analysis that could have been carried out with higher precision or accuracy if the sample size (i.e., the number of atoms) available for analysis was larger. And conversely, the analyses with precision that is primarily limited by the techniques and instrumentation, and cannot be directly improved by increasing sample size, are defined as macroanalyses. The techniques of microanalyses and their advancement and application to earth and planetary sciences are the subject of this Special Collection.</p><p>More often than not, samples of geological and extraterrestrial materials are available only in limited quantities. Specimens of extraterrestrial rocks delivered by sample return space missions, mineral inclusions in other mineral grains, individual mineral grains, fluid inclusions, and components of rare meteorites are just a few examples among the innumerable materials that could have been analyzed more precisely if they were larger. Increasing sample sizes for these materials is either impossible due to limited availability, or is prevented by the need to resolve the internal heterogeneity of the samples. At the same time, the requirements to precision of isotope analysis are becoming more demanding because of the need to resolve smaller natural isotopic variations (in isotope geochemistry) and shorter time intervals (in geochronology). Improvement of sensitivity of analytical techniques without losing precision or resolution is thus of great importance for the progress of earth and planetary sciences.</p><p>Many institutions and research groups in both Korea and Japan have long-standing traditions of developing novel microanalytical techniques for earth and planetary sciences. This collection of papers provides a glimpse of some of most recent of these developments and their applications.</p><p>Jeong et al. (2024) present the U–Th and U–Th–Pb dating of Quaternary zircons from Jeju Island, Korea, utilizing a femtosecond laser-connected multi-collector ICP-MS. They determined five <sup>238</sup>U–<sup>230</sup>Th ages from 28.7 to 117.6 ka and two <sup>238</sup>U–<sup>206</sup>Pb ages of 743 and 785 ka. The data in this study provide chronological evidence of trachyte magmatism occurring in Jeju Island during the transitional period between the Early and Middle Plei
{"title":"Geochemical and cosmochemical application of microanalysis","authors":"Yuri Amelin, Hiroshi Hidaka","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00422-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00422-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Special Collection of papers presented in this volume features the proceedings of the Korea-Japan Joint Conference on the Geochemical and Cosmochemical Applications of Microanalysis that was hosted by the Korea Basic Science Institute, and was held in Ochang, South Korea, in June 2023.</p><p>Precision of chemical and isotopic analysis in geosciences is constrained by the number of atoms and molecules available for measurements and also by the inherent properties of the analytical techniques. The interplay between these factors determines the areas of micro- and macroanalyses. Here we define microanalysis in geochemistry and cosmochemistry as any chemical, isotopic or structural analysis that could have been carried out with higher precision or accuracy if the sample size (i.e., the number of atoms) available for analysis was larger. And conversely, the analyses with precision that is primarily limited by the techniques and instrumentation, and cannot be directly improved by increasing sample size, are defined as macroanalyses. The techniques of microanalyses and their advancement and application to earth and planetary sciences are the subject of this Special Collection.</p><p>More often than not, samples of geological and extraterrestrial materials are available only in limited quantities. Specimens of extraterrestrial rocks delivered by sample return space missions, mineral inclusions in other mineral grains, individual mineral grains, fluid inclusions, and components of rare meteorites are just a few examples among the innumerable materials that could have been analyzed more precisely if they were larger. Increasing sample sizes for these materials is either impossible due to limited availability, or is prevented by the need to resolve the internal heterogeneity of the samples. At the same time, the requirements to precision of isotope analysis are becoming more demanding because of the need to resolve smaller natural isotopic variations (in isotope geochemistry) and shorter time intervals (in geochronology). Improvement of sensitivity of analytical techniques without losing precision or resolution is thus of great importance for the progress of earth and planetary sciences.</p><p>Many institutions and research groups in both Korea and Japan have long-standing traditions of developing novel microanalytical techniques for earth and planetary sciences. This collection of papers provides a glimpse of some of most recent of these developments and their applications.</p><p>Jeong et al. (2024) present the U–Th and U–Th–Pb dating of Quaternary zircons from Jeju Island, Korea, utilizing a femtosecond laser-connected multi-collector ICP-MS. They determined five <sup>238</sup>U–<sup>230</sup>Th ages from 28.7 to 117.6 ka and two <sup>238</sup>U–<sup>206</sup>Pb ages of 743 and 785 ka. The data in this study provide chronological evidence of trachyte magmatism occurring in Jeju Island during the transitional period between the Early and Middle Plei","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140072432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1186/s40543-023-00412-2
Dong Won Shin, Seon Yeong Kim, Sung Ill Suh, Jin Young Kim
Alcohol and cocaine (COC) are commonly co-used drugs that cause addiction and have harmful effects. Their abuse may threaten the health of the abuser and public safety by causing serious accidents or crimes. The recidivism rate of drug-related crimes closely correlates with alcoholism. Several incidences of alcohol consumption in combination with drug abuse have been reported. Here, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was developed to simultaneously analyze ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a metabolite of ethanol; COC; cocaethylene (CE), an alcohol-derived metabolite of COC; and benzoylecgonine (BZE), a major metabolite of COC, to determine the concurrent use of alcohol with COC. For pre-treatment, ultracentrifugation (5 min, 50,000 g) and mixed-mode anion exchange solid-phase extraction were used to increase the recovery of target compounds and minimize the matrix effect of hair. The lower limits of quantification were: 7 pg/mg (EtG), 2 pg/mg (COC), 10 pg/mg (CE), and 1 pg/mg (BZE). The correlation coefficient (r) of the calibration curve within the quantified range of target compounds was ≥ 0.9978. The intra- and inter-day accuracies were − 6.1–9.7% and − 9.3–8.3%, and intra- and inter-day precisions were 0.5–10.3% and 0.6–14.4%, respectively. The recovery, matrix effect, process efficiency, and autosampler stability were 89.2–104.8%, 81.6–105.4%, 81.5–107.1%, and 96.6–109.7%, respectively. The novel analytical method was validated with hair samples from individuals suspected of alcohol and COC use, and the method could distinguish between independent and concurrent use. Based on the findings, the analytical approach developed in this study is anticipated to be valuable in drug and alcohol dependence tests that require the simultaneous detection of alcohol and COC abuse.
{"title":"Simultaneous determination of ethyl glucuronide, cocaine, cocaethylene, and benzoylecgonine in hair by using LC–MS/MS","authors":"Dong Won Shin, Seon Yeong Kim, Sung Ill Suh, Jin Young Kim","doi":"10.1186/s40543-023-00412-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-023-00412-2","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol and cocaine (COC) are commonly co-used drugs that cause addiction and have harmful effects. Their abuse may threaten the health of the abuser and public safety by causing serious accidents or crimes. The recidivism rate of drug-related crimes closely correlates with alcoholism. Several incidences of alcohol consumption in combination with drug abuse have been reported. Here, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was developed to simultaneously analyze ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a metabolite of ethanol; COC; cocaethylene (CE), an alcohol-derived metabolite of COC; and benzoylecgonine (BZE), a major metabolite of COC, to determine the concurrent use of alcohol with COC. For pre-treatment, ultracentrifugation (5 min, 50,000 g) and mixed-mode anion exchange solid-phase extraction were used to increase the recovery of target compounds and minimize the matrix effect of hair. The lower limits of quantification were: 7 pg/mg (EtG), 2 pg/mg (COC), 10 pg/mg (CE), and 1 pg/mg (BZE). The correlation coefficient (r) of the calibration curve within the quantified range of target compounds was ≥ 0.9978. The intra- and inter-day accuracies were − 6.1–9.7% and − 9.3–8.3%, and intra- and inter-day precisions were 0.5–10.3% and 0.6–14.4%, respectively. The recovery, matrix effect, process efficiency, and autosampler stability were 89.2–104.8%, 81.6–105.4%, 81.5–107.1%, and 96.6–109.7%, respectively. The novel analytical method was validated with hair samples from individuals suspected of alcohol and COC use, and the method could distinguish between independent and concurrent use. Based on the findings, the analytical approach developed in this study is anticipated to be valuable in drug and alcohol dependence tests that require the simultaneous detection of alcohol and COC abuse.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140008268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00421-9
Donglin Li, Wenhui Zuo, Shuo Ma, Renjie Li, Zhenfeng Ye
Saffron is a medicinally important species of the Iridaceae family. Saffron’s quality depends on the concentration of secondary metabolites. In this study, GC–MS and LC–MS were utilized to dissect the different metabolites profile of two saffron produced in Iran and China. As a result, a total of 325 differential metabolites (237 from LC–MS, 88 from GC–MS) were identified. These differential metabolites were grouped into the following categories such as lipids, alkaloids, amino acids, terpenoids, organic acids, and flavonoids in saffron from the LC–MS analysis. The differential metabolites mainly concentrated on metabolic pathways, nucleotide metabolism, purine metabolism, and flavonoid biosynthesis. In Iran vs. China, the category of flavonoids includes Styrene, Apigenin-7-O-(6''-p-Coumaryl)glucoside, Houpulin F, Apigenin-5-O-glucoside, Tiglic acid; 2-Methyl-2-Butenoic Acid, p-Cymene, and 2,4-Nonadienal, (E,E)-. The terpenoids including downregulated Cafestol, rhodomollein XI, inumakiol G, D-Limonene, Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)- and upregulated rhodomollein XI were significantly different identified in Iran vs. China. In conclusion, the saffron from different cultivation areas possess many metabolites that are beneficial for health, including lipids, alkaloids, amino acids, terpenoids, organic acids, and flavonoids. Thus, compared with Iran, saffron from China have a higher medicinal value. This study provides a direction for the subsequent development and utilization of saffron.
{"title":"Metabolomics characterization of two saffron from Iran and China using GC–MS and LC–MS methods","authors":"Donglin Li, Wenhui Zuo, Shuo Ma, Renjie Li, Zhenfeng Ye","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00421-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00421-9","url":null,"abstract":"Saffron is a medicinally important species of the Iridaceae family. Saffron’s quality depends on the concentration of secondary metabolites. In this study, GC–MS and LC–MS were utilized to dissect the different metabolites profile of two saffron produced in Iran and China. As a result, a total of 325 differential metabolites (237 from LC–MS, 88 from GC–MS) were identified. These differential metabolites were grouped into the following categories such as lipids, alkaloids, amino acids, terpenoids, organic acids, and flavonoids in saffron from the LC–MS analysis. The differential metabolites mainly concentrated on metabolic pathways, nucleotide metabolism, purine metabolism, and flavonoid biosynthesis. In Iran vs. China, the category of flavonoids includes Styrene, Apigenin-7-O-(6''-p-Coumaryl)glucoside, Houpulin F, Apigenin-5-O-glucoside, Tiglic acid; 2-Methyl-2-Butenoic Acid, p-Cymene, and 2,4-Nonadienal, (E,E)-. The terpenoids including downregulated Cafestol, rhodomollein XI, inumakiol G, D-Limonene, Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)- and upregulated rhodomollein XI were significantly different identified in Iran vs. China. In conclusion, the saffron from different cultivation areas possess many metabolites that are beneficial for health, including lipids, alkaloids, amino acids, terpenoids, organic acids, and flavonoids. Thus, compared with Iran, saffron from China have a higher medicinal value. This study provides a direction for the subsequent development and utilization of saffron.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140008170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00420-w
Sooyoung Kim, Jae-Hwan Kwak, Jae-Kyung Jung, Soonsil Hyun
Carbon-14 (14C) labeling is a standard technology for tracing molecules and providing their pharmacokinetic profiles. However, its primary focus has been on small molecules, with limited application to biomacromolecules. Particularly in the development of new biological entities (NBE), the utilization of microdosing with a 14C-labeled biomacromolecule proves beneficial in the early stages of drug development, contributing to significant time and cost savings. This study investigates the 14C-labeling of antibody and explores the stability of 14C-labeled antibody under various storage conditions. In this study, the utilization of 14C-formaldehyde for labeling target antibodies at various molar ratios revealed a direct correlation between labeling efficiency and the quantity of 14C-formaldehyde applied: 1.5 mol/mol for 14C-labeled antibody with the use of 10 equivalents of 14C-formaldehyde, 3.8 mol/mol for 14C-labeled antibody with the use of 10 equivalents of 14C-formaldehyde, and 10.5 mol/mol for 14C-labeled antibody with the use of 60 equivalents of 14C-formaldehyde. All the reaction conditions exhibited no antibody degradation, as evidenced by the absence of a significant change in HPLC purity compared to the unlabeled antibody. Stability tests revealed that all groups maintained their purities over a 4-week period at both − 75 ± 10 °C and 5 ± 3 °C. Given safety concerns related to internal radiation exposure in potential human subjects during microdosing, this study established optimal conditions for employing 14C-labeled antibodies. Therefore, it is optimized that 10 equivalents of 14C-formaldehyde can be used for 14C-antibody labeling through reductive amination, storing the antibodies at 5 ± 3 °C, and assigning a storage period of 4 weeks. The findings from this study offer valuable insights into the effective application of 14C-labeling in microdosing studies, especially for larger molecules such as antibodies.
{"title":"Method development for 14C-labeling of IgG antibodies in preparation for clinical trials","authors":"Sooyoung Kim, Jae-Hwan Kwak, Jae-Kyung Jung, Soonsil Hyun","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00420-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00420-w","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon-14 (14C) labeling is a standard technology for tracing molecules and providing their pharmacokinetic profiles. However, its primary focus has been on small molecules, with limited application to biomacromolecules. Particularly in the development of new biological entities (NBE), the utilization of microdosing with a 14C-labeled biomacromolecule proves beneficial in the early stages of drug development, contributing to significant time and cost savings. This study investigates the 14C-labeling of antibody and explores the stability of 14C-labeled antibody under various storage conditions. In this study, the utilization of 14C-formaldehyde for labeling target antibodies at various molar ratios revealed a direct correlation between labeling efficiency and the quantity of 14C-formaldehyde applied: 1.5 mol/mol for 14C-labeled antibody with the use of 10 equivalents of 14C-formaldehyde, 3.8 mol/mol for 14C-labeled antibody with the use of 10 equivalents of 14C-formaldehyde, and 10.5 mol/mol for 14C-labeled antibody with the use of 60 equivalents of 14C-formaldehyde. All the reaction conditions exhibited no antibody degradation, as evidenced by the absence of a significant change in HPLC purity compared to the unlabeled antibody. Stability tests revealed that all groups maintained their purities over a 4-week period at both − 75 ± 10 °C and 5 ± 3 °C. Given safety concerns related to internal radiation exposure in potential human subjects during microdosing, this study established optimal conditions for employing 14C-labeled antibodies. Therefore, it is optimized that 10 equivalents of 14C-formaldehyde can be used for 14C-antibody labeling through reductive amination, storing the antibodies at 5 ± 3 °C, and assigning a storage period of 4 weeks. The findings from this study offer valuable insights into the effective application of 14C-labeling in microdosing studies, especially for larger molecules such as antibodies.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139979006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-16DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00419-3
Sujeong Jang, Namwuk Baek, Youngsik Seo, Hyuna Lim, Donggeun Jung, Heonyong Park
Beta-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) comprise a pore for accommodating resveratrol (Res), thereby boosting its bioavailability. Res-incorporated β -CD (Res/CD) may be cytotoxic against both normal and cancer cells. Herein, we examined whether Res/CD exhibits anticancer activity against tumor spheroids, similar to in vivo tumor mass. To prepare three-dimensional spheroids, 1,1,1,3,5,7,7,7 octamethyl-3,5-bis(trimethylsiloxyl) tetrasiloxane (OMBTSTS) was deposited to the surface of the culture dish via plasma polymerization. We observed that HeLa cells grew as spheroids on the OMBTSTS-deposited surface at 20 W plasma power. Res/CD was delivered to the hypoxic core of the spheroid, inducing necrosis, whereas Res was not. Consistently, 10 μM Res alone was not cytotoxic to two-dimensional HeLa cells grown on a culture dish and three-dimensional spheroids. However, Res/CD promoted the necroptosis of spheroids, which were split into small fragments, ultimately inducing cell spheroid death. Collectively, our data suggest that nontoxic levels of Res/CD were efficiently delivered to the hypoxic core of tumor spheroids, promoting cell death. Therefore, Res/CD can be used as an effective anticancer drug. Moreover, the plasma-polymerized OMBTSTS modification technique provides insights into the efficient formation of spheroids in various cancer cell lines.
β-环糊精（β-CD）具有容纳白藜芦醇（Res）的孔隙，从而提高了白藜芦醇的生物利用率。掺入白藜芦醇的β-CD（Res/CD）可能对正常细胞和癌细胞都具有细胞毒性。在此，我们研究了 Res/CD 是否对肿瘤球体（类似于体内肿瘤块）具有抗癌活性。为了制备三维球形体，我们通过等离子聚合将 1,1,1,3,5,7,7,7 八甲基-3,5-双（三甲基硅氧烷基）四硅氧烷（OMBTSTS）沉积到培养皿表面。我们观察到，在 20 W 等离子功率下，HeLa 细胞在 OMBTSTS 沉积表面生长成球形。Res/CD 被输送到球形细胞的缺氧核心，诱导细胞坏死，而 Res 则不会。同样，单用 10 μM Res 对在培养皿上生长的二维 HeLa 细胞和三维球形细胞没有细胞毒性。然而，Res/CD 可促进球形细胞的坏死，使其分裂成小片段，最终诱导细胞球形死亡。总之，我们的数据表明，无毒性水平的 Res/CD 能有效地输送到肿瘤球体的缺氧核心，促进细胞死亡。因此，Res/CD 可作为一种有效的抗癌药物。此外，等离子体聚合 OMBTSTS 修饰技术为在各种癌细胞系中有效形成球形细胞提供了启示。
{"title":"Novel plasma-polymerized coating facilitates HeLa cell spheroid formation, exerting necroptosis via β-cyclodextrin-encapsulated resveratrol","authors":"Sujeong Jang, Namwuk Baek, Youngsik Seo, Hyuna Lim, Donggeun Jung, Heonyong Park","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00419-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00419-3","url":null,"abstract":"Beta-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) comprise a pore for accommodating resveratrol (Res), thereby boosting its bioavailability. Res-incorporated β -CD (Res/CD) may be cytotoxic against both normal and cancer cells. Herein, we examined whether Res/CD exhibits anticancer activity against tumor spheroids, similar to in vivo tumor mass. To prepare three-dimensional spheroids, 1,1,1,3,5,7,7,7 octamethyl-3,5-bis(trimethylsiloxyl) tetrasiloxane (OMBTSTS) was deposited to the surface of the culture dish via plasma polymerization. We observed that HeLa cells grew as spheroids on the OMBTSTS-deposited surface at 20 W plasma power. Res/CD was delivered to the hypoxic core of the spheroid, inducing necrosis, whereas Res was not. Consistently, 10 μM Res alone was not cytotoxic to two-dimensional HeLa cells grown on a culture dish and three-dimensional spheroids. However, Res/CD promoted the necroptosis of spheroids, which were split into small fragments, ultimately inducing cell spheroid death. Collectively, our data suggest that nontoxic levels of Res/CD were efficiently delivered to the hypoxic core of tumor spheroids, promoting cell death. Therefore, Res/CD can be used as an effective anticancer drug. Moreover, the plasma-polymerized OMBTSTS modification technique provides insights into the efficient formation of spheroids in various cancer cell lines.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00416-6
Petar Radanliev
The technological advancements made in recent times, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum computing, have brought about significant changes in technology. These advancements have profoundly impacted quantum cryptography, a field where AI methodologies hold tremendous potential to enhance the efficiency and robustness of cryptographic systems. However, the emergence of quantum computers has created a new challenge for existing security algorithms, commonly called the ‘quantum threat’. Despite these challenges, there are promising avenues for integrating neural network-based AI in cryptography, which has significant implications for future digital security paradigms. This summary highlights the key themes in the intersection of AI and quantum cryptography, including the potential benefits of AI-driven cryptography, the challenges that need to be addressed, and the prospects of this interdisciplinary research area.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence and quantum cryptography","authors":"Petar Radanliev","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00416-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00416-6","url":null,"abstract":"The technological advancements made in recent times, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum computing, have brought about significant changes in technology. These advancements have profoundly impacted quantum cryptography, a field where AI methodologies hold tremendous potential to enhance the efficiency and robustness of cryptographic systems. However, the emergence of quantum computers has created a new challenge for existing security algorithms, commonly called the ‘quantum threat’. Despite these challenges, there are promising avenues for integrating neural network-based AI in cryptography, which has significant implications for future digital security paradigms. This summary highlights the key themes in the intersection of AI and quantum cryptography, including the potential benefits of AI-driven cryptography, the challenges that need to be addressed, and the prospects of this interdisciplinary research area.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00417-5
Youssra Aghoutane, Hakan Burhan, Fatih Sen, Benachir Bouchikhi, Nezha El Bari
Glyphosate (GLY) is a widely used herbicide with an important role in agriculture. It effectively controls weeds, enhancing agricultural yield and product quality. However, its use raises significant concerns such as potential risks to non-target ecosystems and human health. In response to these concerns, we develop an electrochemical sensor with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and gold nanoparticles for GLY detection. The sensor includes a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) functionalized with gold nanoparticles and a self-assembled polyvinyl carboxylic acid chloride (PVC-COOH) layer. GLY compounds interact with carboxylic groups and are encapsulated by a polymer of methacrylic acid (MAA) cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Electrochemical performance was assessed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Morphological characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The sensor exhibits impressive selectivity, detecting GLY within a range of 273–1200 pg/mL with minimal interference from other pesticides. It boasts a low detection limit of 0.8 pg/mL (signal-to-noise ratio S/N = 3) by DPV and 0.001 pg/mL by EIS. The sensor’s versatility extends to various sample types, including surface water, agricultural wastewater, soil, and cucumber, demonstrating high recovery rates (> 96.05%) and low relative standard deviation (RSD) (< 5.7%). The developed MIP sensor is proven to be a valuable tool for rapid and highly sensitive detection of GLY in diverse environmental and agri-food samples.
{"title":"Glyphosate detection via a nanomaterial-enhanced electrochemical molecularly imprinted polymer sensor","authors":"Youssra Aghoutane, Hakan Burhan, Fatih Sen, Benachir Bouchikhi, Nezha El Bari","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00417-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00417-5","url":null,"abstract":"Glyphosate (GLY) is a widely used herbicide with an important role in agriculture. It effectively controls weeds, enhancing agricultural yield and product quality. However, its use raises significant concerns such as potential risks to non-target ecosystems and human health. In response to these concerns, we develop an electrochemical sensor with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and gold nanoparticles for GLY detection. The sensor includes a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) functionalized with gold nanoparticles and a self-assembled polyvinyl carboxylic acid chloride (PVC-COOH) layer. GLY compounds interact with carboxylic groups and are encapsulated by a polymer of methacrylic acid (MAA) cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Electrochemical performance was assessed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Morphological characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The sensor exhibits impressive selectivity, detecting GLY within a range of 273–1200 pg/mL with minimal interference from other pesticides. It boasts a low detection limit of 0.8 pg/mL (signal-to-noise ratio S/N = 3) by DPV and 0.001 pg/mL by EIS. The sensor’s versatility extends to various sample types, including surface water, agricultural wastewater, soil, and cucumber, demonstrating high recovery rates (> 96.05%) and low relative standard deviation (RSD) (< 5.7%). The developed MIP sensor is proven to be a valuable tool for rapid and highly sensitive detection of GLY in diverse environmental and agri-food samples.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"297 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139665097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00415-7
Yanyan Pan, Yehong Xu
{"title":"A simple and label-free proximity-catalytic hairpin reaction-based method for sensitive and miRNA analysis","authors":"Yanyan Pan, Yehong Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00415-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00415-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"10 45","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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