Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00429-1
Ken-ichi Bajo, Hisayoshi Yurimoto
Noble gases are useful tracers for geochemistry, used to elucidate the origin and evolution of the solar system and planets. Noble gas analyses have been limited to bulk and spot analyses of solids and have yet to be developed for two- and three-dimensional imaging analysis. Recent developments in He isotope imaging using secondary neutral mass spectrometry are reviewed. The images have been fully quantified, and the spatial resolution has reached the nanoscale. The detection limit has been reduced to the level of ~ 10–3 cm3 STP g−1 (~ 1017 cm−3, ~ 1 ppma) for helium at lateral micrometer resolution. With this development, the concentration distribution of He in solids has been visualized as a map for the first time.
{"title":"Nanoscale analysis of noble gas in solids","authors":"Ken-ichi Bajo, Hisayoshi Yurimoto","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00429-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00429-1","url":null,"abstract":"Noble gases are useful tracers for geochemistry, used to elucidate the origin and evolution of the solar system and planets. Noble gas analyses have been limited to bulk and spot analyses of solids and have yet to be developed for two- and three-dimensional imaging analysis. Recent developments in He isotope imaging using secondary neutral mass spectrometry are reviewed. The images have been fully quantified, and the spatial resolution has reached the nanoscale. The detection limit has been reduced to the level of ~ 10–3 cm3 STP g−1 (~ 1017 cm−3, ~ 1 ppma) for helium at lateral micrometer resolution. With this development, the concentration distribution of He in solids has been visualized as a map for the first time.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140589741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00431-7
Changkun Park, Hwayoung Kim
Zirconolite is an accessary mineral occurred in the lunar basaltic and granitic rocks and contains relatively high contents of U, Th, and Pb, which is attractive for age dating. However, very few studies have reported the crystallization ages of lunar zirconolites because of the challenge of dating lunar zirconolites due to their fine-grained size and irregular shape. In this study, we analyzed zirconolites in a granitic clast of the lunar meteorite DEW 12007 using an electron microprobe. MAN (mean atomic number) background, peak interference, and blank corrections were applied to 31 elements including U, Th, and Pb, and REEs, to obtain high-precision and high-accuracy chemical data of the zirconolites. The electron microprobe age of the zirconolites is determined to be 4332 ± 14 Ma (2σ, n = 20), which is consistent with the U–Pb age (4340.9 ± 7.5 Ma; 2σ) of zircon grains from the same clast measured by an ion microprobe. The precision and accuracy achieved in this study represents a notable advance compared to previously reported electron microprobe ages of lunar zirconolites. This suggests that electron microprobe dating may be applicable to extraterrestrial materials, especially for microscopic U-Th-Pb-containing minerals in the samples returned from the Moon and Mars.
{"title":"Electron microprobe dating of lunar zirconolite","authors":"Changkun Park, Hwayoung Kim","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00431-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00431-7","url":null,"abstract":"Zirconolite is an accessary mineral occurred in the lunar basaltic and granitic rocks and contains relatively high contents of U, Th, and Pb, which is attractive for age dating. However, very few studies have reported the crystallization ages of lunar zirconolites because of the challenge of dating lunar zirconolites due to their fine-grained size and irregular shape. In this study, we analyzed zirconolites in a granitic clast of the lunar meteorite DEW 12007 using an electron microprobe. MAN (mean atomic number) background, peak interference, and blank corrections were applied to 31 elements including U, Th, and Pb, and REEs, to obtain high-precision and high-accuracy chemical data of the zirconolites. The electron microprobe age of the zirconolites is determined to be 4332 ± 14 Ma (2σ, n = 20), which is consistent with the U–Pb age (4340.9 ± 7.5 Ma; 2σ) of zircon grains from the same clast measured by an ion microprobe. The precision and accuracy achieved in this study represents a notable advance compared to previously reported electron microprobe ages of lunar zirconolites. This suggests that electron microprobe dating may be applicable to extraterrestrial materials, especially for microscopic U-Th-Pb-containing minerals in the samples returned from the Moon and Mars.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140323263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00428-2
Dorina Casoni, Simona Codruța Aurora Cobzac, Ileana Maria Simion
The correct identification and authentication of medicinal plants material is a crucial task that ensures quality and prevent adulteration. The use of UV–Vis spectroscopy with principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) was proposed for identification/authentication of plant material form different genus and different geographical areas provenience. Hydroalcoholic extracts of samples from twelve genus collected from seven countries (Romania, North Macedonia, Germany, Italy, Serbia, Russia and Kazakhstan) were used. The UV–Vis spectra of the extracts were acquired in the 200–800 nm spectral range, and signal smoothing was used for pre-processing the spectral data. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) with 1-Pearson r distance measurement was used to classify the samples based on the original spectra and different-order derivative spectra, respectively. Data from original spectra and from different-order derivative spectra were evaluated by PCA method. Using the PCA with varimax rotation approach, the spectral ranges with significant contribution for samples classification were revealed for the first time. When the PCA method coupled with DA was applied to the data obtained from the original spectra and the fourth-order derivative spectra, the samples were correctly classified to the respective groups with a 98.04% accuracy. The proposed method can be a useful tool for rapid authentication of plant material derived from different countries.
正确识别和鉴定药用植物材料是确保质量和防止掺假的关键任务。建议使用紫外可见光谱与主成分分析（PCA）和判别分析（DA）对不同属和不同产地的植物材料进行鉴定/认证。研究使用了从 7 个国家（罗马尼亚、北马其顿、德国、意大利、塞尔维亚、俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦）采集的 12 种属植物样品的水醇提取物。提取物的紫外可见光谱在 200-800 纳米光谱范围内采集，并使用信号平滑法对光谱数据进行预处理。利用 1-Pearson r 距离测量法进行层次聚类分析（HCA），分别根据原始光谱和不同阶导数光谱对样品进行分类。用 PCA 方法对原始光谱和不同阶导数光谱的数据进行评估。利用带有方差旋转的 PCA 方法，首次发现了对样品分类有重要贡献的光谱范围。将 PCA 方法与 DA 结合应用于从原始光谱和四阶导数光谱中获得的数据时，样品被正确归入相应组别的准确率为 98.04%。所提出的方法可作为一种有用的工具，用于快速鉴定来自不同国家的植物材料。
{"title":"Feasibility of UV–Vis spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition techniques to authenticate the medicinal plant material from different geographical areas","authors":"Dorina Casoni, Simona Codruța Aurora Cobzac, Ileana Maria Simion","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00428-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00428-2","url":null,"abstract":"The correct identification and authentication of medicinal plants material is a crucial task that ensures quality and prevent adulteration. The use of UV–Vis spectroscopy with principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) was proposed for identification/authentication of plant material form different genus and different geographical areas provenience. Hydroalcoholic extracts of samples from twelve genus collected from seven countries (Romania, North Macedonia, Germany, Italy, Serbia, Russia and Kazakhstan) were used. The UV–Vis spectra of the extracts were acquired in the 200–800 nm spectral range, and signal smoothing was used for pre-processing the spectral data. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) with 1-Pearson r distance measurement was used to classify the samples based on the original spectra and different-order derivative spectra, respectively. Data from original spectra and from different-order derivative spectra were evaluated by PCA method. Using the PCA with varimax rotation approach, the spectral ranges with significant contribution for samples classification were revealed for the first time. When the PCA method coupled with DA was applied to the data obtained from the original spectra and the fourth-order derivative spectra, the samples were correctly classified to the respective groups with a 98.04% accuracy. The proposed method can be a useful tool for rapid authentication of plant material derived from different countries.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140300567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00430-8
Xiaoqing Yang, Jie Gao
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a category of small molecules that possess significant regulatory capabilities, have been extensively employed as biomarkers in the domain of biosensing to facilitate the early detection of diverse ailments. However, sensitive and accurate miRNA detection remains a huge challenge due to the high similarity between the homologous sequences and low abundance. Therefore, it is essential to develop methods with high sensitivity and specificity for miRNA detection. In this study, we present the development of a signal cycle-based platform that utilizes cyclic reverse transcription (CRT) and CRISPR-Cas12a to enable the precise and sensitive detection of microRNAs. The CRT mechanism facilitates precise target recognition in the presence of target miRNA, thereby converting miRNA signals to DNA signals. The trans-cleavage activity of the Cas12a protein is triggered by the formation of complete hairpin-shaped CRT products; this results in the cleavage of the DNA section contained in the H probe, while the RNA section (“4”@MBs) remains loaded onto the surface of magnetic beads (MB). By binding with the “reporter” sensor, the “4” sequences create an RNA/DNA duplex that the duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) can recognize. The “reporter” probe is thus metabolized, leading to the reappearance of the fluorescence signal. By capitalizing on the exceptional fidelity and selectivity of CRISPR/Cas12a, as well as the substantial impact of triggered enzymatic cycle amplification, this approach demonstrated remarkable sensitivity and specificity in miRNA detection, even in a complex environment containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and a serum sample. In contrast, a detection limit of 3.2 fM is conceivable. Furthermore, this approach maintained a notable degree of stability, which was anticipated to result in the detection of miRNAs in an effective and sensitive manner.
微小核糖核酸（miRNA）是一类具有重要调控能力的小分子，已被广泛用作生物传感领域的生物标志物，以促进对各种疾病的早期检测。然而，由于同源序列之间的高度相似性和低丰度，灵敏而准确的 miRNA 检测仍然是一个巨大的挑战。因此，开发具有高灵敏度和特异性的 miRNA 检测方法至关重要。在本研究中，我们利用循环反转录（CRT）和CRISPR-Cas12a开发了一种基于信号循环的平台，实现了对microRNA的精确、灵敏检测。CRT 机制有助于在目标 miRNA 存在的情况下精确识别目标，从而将 miRNA 信号转换为 DNA 信号。Cas12a 蛋白的反式裂解活性是通过形成完整的发夹形 CRT 产物触发的；这会导致 H 探针所含的 DNA 部分被裂解，而 RNA 部分（"4"@MBs）仍被载入磁珠（MB）表面。通过与 "报告 "传感器结合，"4 "序列产生了一个 RNA/DNA 双链，双链特异性核酸酶（DSN）可以识别该双链。这样，"报告 "探针就会被代谢掉，从而重新出现荧光信号。通过利用 CRISPR/Cas12a 的优异保真度和选择性，以及触发酶循环扩增的重大影响，这种方法在 miRNA 检测方面表现出了显著的灵敏度和特异性，即使在含有 10% 胎牛血清（FBS）和血清样本的复杂环境中也是如此。相比之下，3.2 fM 的检测限是可以想象的。此外，这种方法还保持了显著的稳定性，预计能以有效、灵敏的方式检测 miRNA。
{"title":"Sensitive and reliable miRNA analysis based on cyclic reverse transcription and CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted signal cycle","authors":"Xiaoqing Yang, Jie Gao","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00430-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00430-8","url":null,"abstract":"MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a category of small molecules that possess significant regulatory capabilities, have been extensively employed as biomarkers in the domain of biosensing to facilitate the early detection of diverse ailments. However, sensitive and accurate miRNA detection remains a huge challenge due to the high similarity between the homologous sequences and low abundance. Therefore, it is essential to develop methods with high sensitivity and specificity for miRNA detection. In this study, we present the development of a signal cycle-based platform that utilizes cyclic reverse transcription (CRT) and CRISPR-Cas12a to enable the precise and sensitive detection of microRNAs. The CRT mechanism facilitates precise target recognition in the presence of target miRNA, thereby converting miRNA signals to DNA signals. The trans-cleavage activity of the Cas12a protein is triggered by the formation of complete hairpin-shaped CRT products; this results in the cleavage of the DNA section contained in the H probe, while the RNA section (“4”@MBs) remains loaded onto the surface of magnetic beads (MB). By binding with the “reporter” sensor, the “4” sequences create an RNA/DNA duplex that the duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) can recognize. The “reporter” probe is thus metabolized, leading to the reappearance of the fluorescence signal. By capitalizing on the exceptional fidelity and selectivity of CRISPR/Cas12a, as well as the substantial impact of triggered enzymatic cycle amplification, this approach demonstrated remarkable sensitivity and specificity in miRNA detection, even in a complex environment containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and a serum sample. In contrast, a detection limit of 3.2 fM is conceivable. Furthermore, this approach maintained a notable degree of stability, which was anticipated to result in the detection of miRNAs in an effective and sensitive manner.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00427-3
Youn-Joong Jeong, Min-Ji Jung, Ung-San Ahn, Albert Chang-sik Cheong
Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) emerged in the mid-1980s and rapidly became a crucial dating tool. The advent of femtosecond LA systems has substantially reduced volatility-dependent mass fractionation. This study showcases U-Th and U-Th-Pb dating results of Quaternary zircons collected from Jeju Island, Korea, utilizing an advanced femtosecond laser-connected multi-collector (MC)-ICPMS. Zircon grains from trachyte samples near the Baeknokdam lake (JJ616-1), Yeongsil (JJ08-1), Chunwangsa (JJ09-1), and Oraidong (JJ09-3) provided weighted mean 238U-230Th ages of 28.7 ± 1.6 ka (n = 56/64, MSWD = 3.8), 81.8 ± 10.9 ka (n = 11/12, MSWD = 1.6), 92.6 ± 4.6 ka (n = 49/51, MSWD = 2.2), and 117.6 ± 8.2 ka (n = 48/50, MSWD = 3.2), respectively. The age determination for JJ08-1 zircon aligned well with the recommended value (82 ± 6 ka). Zircons from Sanbangsan (JJ615-1) and Wonmansa (JJ08-2) trachytes yielded common Pb and radioactive disequilibrium-corrected weighted mean 238U-206Pb ages of 785 ± 5 ka (n = 27/28, MSWD = 0.90) and 743 ± 8 ka (n = 28/30, MSWD = 0.79), respectively. The weighted mean 238U-206Pb ages of Penglai and 61.308 reference zircons were determined to be 4226 ± 21 ka (n = 22/25, MSWD = 3.8) and 2488 ± 20 ka (n = 19/20, MSWD = 1.8), respectively. These ages are concordant with the recommended values. Our data provides additional evidence of trachyte magmatism occurring in Jeju Island during the transitional period between the Early and Middle Pleistocene and the Late Pleistocene. The zircon samples analyzed in this study could serve as reference age data for Quaternary geochronology research.
{"title":"Laser ablation MC-ICPMS U-Th and U-Th-Pb dating of Quaternary zircons from Jeju Island, Korea","authors":"Youn-Joong Jeong, Min-Ji Jung, Ung-San Ahn, Albert Chang-sik Cheong","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00427-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00427-3","url":null,"abstract":"Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) emerged in the mid-1980s and rapidly became a crucial dating tool. The advent of femtosecond LA systems has substantially reduced volatility-dependent mass fractionation. This study showcases U-Th and U-Th-Pb dating results of Quaternary zircons collected from Jeju Island, Korea, utilizing an advanced femtosecond laser-connected multi-collector (MC)-ICPMS. Zircon grains from trachyte samples near the Baeknokdam lake (JJ616-1), Yeongsil (JJ08-1), Chunwangsa (JJ09-1), and Oraidong (JJ09-3) provided weighted mean 238U-230Th ages of 28.7 ± 1.6 ka (n = 56/64, MSWD = 3.8), 81.8 ± 10.9 ka (n = 11/12, MSWD = 1.6), 92.6 ± 4.6 ka (n = 49/51, MSWD = 2.2), and 117.6 ± 8.2 ka (n = 48/50, MSWD = 3.2), respectively. The age determination for JJ08-1 zircon aligned well with the recommended value (82 ± 6 ka). Zircons from Sanbangsan (JJ615-1) and Wonmansa (JJ08-2) trachytes yielded common Pb and radioactive disequilibrium-corrected weighted mean 238U-206Pb ages of 785 ± 5 ka (n = 27/28, MSWD = 0.90) and 743 ± 8 ka (n = 28/30, MSWD = 0.79), respectively. The weighted mean 238U-206Pb ages of Penglai and 61.308 reference zircons were determined to be 4226 ± 21 ka (n = 22/25, MSWD = 3.8) and 2488 ± 20 ka (n = 19/20, MSWD = 1.8), respectively. These ages are concordant with the recommended values. Our data provides additional evidence of trachyte magmatism occurring in Jeju Island during the transitional period between the Early and Middle Pleistocene and the Late Pleistocene. The zircon samples analyzed in this study could serve as reference age data for Quaternary geochronology research.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140171909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00424-6
Hiroshi Hidaka
The isotopic shifts of 149Sm–150Sm and 157Gd–158Gd have often been observed in meteorites and lunar surface materials, because they result from the neutron-capture reactions associated with secondary neutrons produced by cosmic-ray irradiation. While the Sm and Gd isotopic shifts can mainly be used for the estimation of thermal neutron fluences that of 167Er–168Er has recently been applied in the estimation of epithermal neutron fluences. The systematic isotopic dataset of Sm, Gd and Er helps us to consider the details of planetary materials’ cosmic-ray exposure conditions using the balance of the fluences between thermal and epithermal neutrons. This paper reviews a series of isotopic variations of Sm, Gd, and Er in association with neutron-capture reactions for the application of planetary sciences. As a new attempt and possibility for better understanding the neutron fluence and its energy distribution, the use of Yb isotopic variation is then discussed using two different data sources, namely lunar regolith and the Oklo natural reactors. Finally, the preliminary result for the precise isotopic measurement of Yb is presented from the viewpoint of chemical separation and instrumental improvement.
{"title":"Isotopic variations of Sm, Gd, Er and Yb found in planetary materials caused by neutron-capture reactions in nature","authors":"Hiroshi Hidaka","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00424-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00424-6","url":null,"abstract":"The isotopic shifts of 149Sm–150Sm and 157Gd–158Gd have often been observed in meteorites and lunar surface materials, because they result from the neutron-capture reactions associated with secondary neutrons produced by cosmic-ray irradiation. While the Sm and Gd isotopic shifts can mainly be used for the estimation of thermal neutron fluences that of 167Er–168Er has recently been applied in the estimation of epithermal neutron fluences. The systematic isotopic dataset of Sm, Gd and Er helps us to consider the details of planetary materials’ cosmic-ray exposure conditions using the balance of the fluences between thermal and epithermal neutrons. This paper reviews a series of isotopic variations of Sm, Gd, and Er in association with neutron-capture reactions for the application of planetary sciences. As a new attempt and possibility for better understanding the neutron fluence and its energy distribution, the use of Yb isotopic variation is then discussed using two different data sources, namely lunar regolith and the Oklo natural reactors. Finally, the preliminary result for the precise isotopic measurement of Yb is presented from the viewpoint of chemical separation and instrumental improvement.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140171763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00418-4
Thabiso Xolo, Precious Mahlambi
The antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) have been reported to be among the emerging water pollutants as a results attention is being paid on their analysis. This work therefore explored for the first time the multi-template MIP for the selective removal of selected ARVDs (abacavir, efavirenz and nevirapine) in wastewater, river water and tap water. The adsorption studies of a multi-template MIP were conducted by determining the effect of an increase in ARVDs concentration in solution and the effect of an increase in contact time between the sorbent and the ARVDs. High adsorption efficiencies were observed for abacavir, efavirenz and nevirapine analytes within 5 min and the maximum adsorption efficiency was observed at 60 min ranging from 94.76 to 96.93%. Adsorption kinetics showed that pseudo-second rate order was the best fitting model, while adsorption isotherms indicated that the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.94–0.98) best described the adsorption mechanism of ARVDs onto the MIPs. These results indicated that the electrostatic attractions influenced the multilayer coverage and chemisorption process. Selectivity studies conducted in the presence of competitors gave the recoveries between 92 and 98% for the target analytes, while they were 63–79% for competitors indicating good selectivity and strong affinity of the polymer towards the target analytes. Reusability studies showed that the MIP can be reused for up to 8 cycles with recoveries above 92% for all target ARVDs. The application of the MIP-DSPE method to wastewater, river and tap water samples gave concentrations of 28.75–178.02, 1.95–13.15 and 2.17–6.27 µg L−1, respectively. These results indicate the potential unplanned consumption of ARVDs upon drinking contaminated water which could result to their resistance by the human body. Therefore, their continuous monitoring as well as investigation of their removal strategies is of paramount importance.
{"title":"Molecularly imprinted polymers as solid-phase and dispersive solid-phase extraction sorbents in the extraction of antiretroviral drugs in water: adsorption, selectivity and reusability studies","authors":"Thabiso Xolo, Precious Mahlambi","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00418-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00418-4","url":null,"abstract":"The antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) have been reported to be among the emerging water pollutants as a results attention is being paid on their analysis. This work therefore explored for the first time the multi-template MIP for the selective removal of selected ARVDs (abacavir, efavirenz and nevirapine) in wastewater, river water and tap water. The adsorption studies of a multi-template MIP were conducted by determining the effect of an increase in ARVDs concentration in solution and the effect of an increase in contact time between the sorbent and the ARVDs. High adsorption efficiencies were observed for abacavir, efavirenz and nevirapine analytes within 5 min and the maximum adsorption efficiency was observed at 60 min ranging from 94.76 to 96.93%. Adsorption kinetics showed that pseudo-second rate order was the best fitting model, while adsorption isotherms indicated that the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.94–0.98) best described the adsorption mechanism of ARVDs onto the MIPs. These results indicated that the electrostatic attractions influenced the multilayer coverage and chemisorption process. Selectivity studies conducted in the presence of competitors gave the recoveries between 92 and 98% for the target analytes, while they were 63–79% for competitors indicating good selectivity and strong affinity of the polymer towards the target analytes. Reusability studies showed that the MIP can be reused for up to 8 cycles with recoveries above 92% for all target ARVDs. The application of the MIP-DSPE method to wastewater, river and tap water samples gave concentrations of 28.75–178.02, 1.95–13.15 and 2.17–6.27 µg L−1, respectively. These results indicate the potential unplanned consumption of ARVDs upon drinking contaminated water which could result to their resistance by the human body. Therefore, their continuous monitoring as well as investigation of their removal strategies is of paramount importance.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140156699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00423-7
So Jinnouchi, Chiaki Uyeda, Keiji Hisayoshi, Gen Takayama, Kentaro Terada
Magnetic separation has been recognized as a valuable technique for extracting or separating target materials from mixed heterogeneous particles. In conventional geological research, it has been used to separate ferro- and ferri-magnetic minerals such as Fe–Ni metal, magnetite and ilmenite. Recently, a mixture of diamagnetic and weak paramagnetic particles has been successfully separated into groups of different materials using a compact magnetic circuit; however, the resolution was not sufficiently high to analyze various heterogeneous particles studied in geological research. Here, we show that the resolution has remarkably improved by developing new magnetic separator. Accordingly, the separation efficiency of particles due to magnetic translation increased by a factor of ~ 2.5, and two different materials were definitely resolved when their variance of the magnetic susceptibility exceeded ~ 2 × 10−7 emu/g; previously, limit of the resolution was above 7 × 10–7 emu/g. We also established the orbit simulation program in magnetic and gravitational field, which accurately predicted the actual trajectory due to magnetic translation. The improved separation resolution of the new separator has significantly increased the range of solid materials that can be magnetically separated, and the range of applications has been considerably expanded to include the matrix of primitive meteorites, surface soils of solid planets and satellites, volcanic ash and sedimentary rocks. The newly developed device is compact and requires little electric power, allowing on-site material screening in various geological research.
{"title":"New development of compact magnetic separator for on-site material screening in various geological survey","authors":"So Jinnouchi, Chiaki Uyeda, Keiji Hisayoshi, Gen Takayama, Kentaro Terada","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00423-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00423-7","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic separation has been recognized as a valuable technique for extracting or separating target materials from mixed heterogeneous particles. In conventional geological research, it has been used to separate ferro- and ferri-magnetic minerals such as Fe–Ni metal, magnetite and ilmenite. Recently, a mixture of diamagnetic and weak paramagnetic particles has been successfully separated into groups of different materials using a compact magnetic circuit; however, the resolution was not sufficiently high to analyze various heterogeneous particles studied in geological research. Here, we show that the resolution has remarkably improved by developing new magnetic separator. Accordingly, the separation efficiency of particles due to magnetic translation increased by a factor of ~ 2.5, and two different materials were definitely resolved when their variance of the magnetic susceptibility exceeded ~ 2 × 10−7 emu/g; previously, limit of the resolution was above 7 × 10–7 emu/g. We also established the orbit simulation program in magnetic and gravitational field, which accurately predicted the actual trajectory due to magnetic translation. The improved separation resolution of the new separator has significantly increased the range of solid materials that can be magnetically separated, and the range of applications has been considerably expanded to include the matrix of primitive meteorites, surface soils of solid planets and satellites, volcanic ash and sedimentary rocks. The newly developed device is compact and requires little electric power, allowing on-site material screening in various geological research.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140146405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00426-4
Seungsoon Choi, Keewook Yi, Haemyeong Jung, Albert Chang-sik Cheong
The intricate textural patterns commonly observed in metamorphosed and recrystallized zircon (ZrSiO4) underscore the crucial necessity of understanding the underlying mechanisms governing their formation to ensure accurate interpretation of the chemical and isotope data they contain. This study employed a combination of microanalytical techniques, including electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, electron microprobe (EMP) mapping, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging, to investigate the processes of formation and modification of zircon in a late Pleistocene (~ 35 ka) syenite enclosed within the Nari Tephra Formation on Ulleung Island in South Korea. Under cathodoluminescence (CL), zircons within the syenite reveal dark, featureless, or oscillatory-zoned cores containing numerous inclusions of britholite. These cores are partially or entirely replaced by inward-penetrating bright-CL domains that exhibit minimal inclusion presence. Despite these changes, the external morphologies of the zircons remain largely unchanged, and the faded oscillatory zoning is preserved in the replaced regions. EMP mapping discloses amoebiform micro-domains with high Y, U, and Th concentrations within the dark-CL cores, while the bright-CL domains are relatively deficient in these trace elements. Microstructural analysis of the zircons using EBSD mapping indicates no significant misorientation between the dark-CL cores and the bright-CL rims. Deformation-related low-angle boundaries by lattice distortion are clearly observed in certain grains, cutting across the discrete SEM and EMP domains, and often aligned along submicron pore trails. Microstructural and microchemical analyses carried out in this study establish that the zircons within the Ulleung syenite have undergone subsolidus recrystallization, a process likely influenced by the presence of fresh melts or fluids. This recrystallization process could be attributed to either coupled dissolution and reprecipitation or thermoactivated particle and defect volume diffusion due to inherent lattice strain. The subsequent deformation observed in the zircons might be a result of increased stress within the magma system after the recrystallization.
{"title":"Microstructural and microchemical analysis of zircon in a syenite lithic fragment from Ulleung Island volcano, South Korea","authors":"Seungsoon Choi, Keewook Yi, Haemyeong Jung, Albert Chang-sik Cheong","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00426-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00426-4","url":null,"abstract":"The intricate textural patterns commonly observed in metamorphosed and recrystallized zircon (ZrSiO4) underscore the crucial necessity of understanding the underlying mechanisms governing their formation to ensure accurate interpretation of the chemical and isotope data they contain. This study employed a combination of microanalytical techniques, including electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, electron microprobe (EMP) mapping, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging, to investigate the processes of formation and modification of zircon in a late Pleistocene (~ 35 ka) syenite enclosed within the Nari Tephra Formation on Ulleung Island in South Korea. Under cathodoluminescence (CL), zircons within the syenite reveal dark, featureless, or oscillatory-zoned cores containing numerous inclusions of britholite. These cores are partially or entirely replaced by inward-penetrating bright-CL domains that exhibit minimal inclusion presence. Despite these changes, the external morphologies of the zircons remain largely unchanged, and the faded oscillatory zoning is preserved in the replaced regions. EMP mapping discloses amoebiform micro-domains with high Y, U, and Th concentrations within the dark-CL cores, while the bright-CL domains are relatively deficient in these trace elements. Microstructural analysis of the zircons using EBSD mapping indicates no significant misorientation between the dark-CL cores and the bright-CL rims. Deformation-related low-angle boundaries by lattice distortion are clearly observed in certain grains, cutting across the discrete SEM and EMP domains, and often aligned along submicron pore trails. Microstructural and microchemical analyses carried out in this study establish that the zircons within the Ulleung syenite have undergone subsolidus recrystallization, a process likely influenced by the presence of fresh melts or fluids. This recrystallization process could be attributed to either coupled dissolution and reprecipitation or thermoactivated particle and defect volume diffusion due to inherent lattice strain. The subsequent deformation observed in the zircons might be a result of increased stress within the magma system after the recrystallization.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140171759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1186/s40543-024-00425-5
Gi Young Jeong
Mineral dust is transported over long distances from desert sources, interacting with Earth environments. The mineralogy and microstructures of individual dust particles are required to understand the interactions. Here, I summarize recent findings from electron microscopy of dust particles, focusing on Asian and Saharan dust. Dust particles are heterogeneous mixtures of clay and nonclay minerals. Clay minerals account for more than half of the mass of mineral dust. Fine grains of clay minerals form their own aggregates, coat coarse nonclay minerals, or become a matrix of composite particles. The most abundant clay minerals are illite‒smectite series clay minerals (ISCMs) dominated by illite and interstratified illite‒smectite. Saharan dust is distinct from Asian dust by the high contents of palygorskite and hexagonal kaolinite. Common nonclay silicates are quartz, K-feldspar, and Na-rich plagioclase. Amorphous silica is associated with clays in Saharan dust. Calcite occurs as nanofibers as well as coarse grains, reacting with atmospheric acids to precipitate gypsum. The submicron grains of iron oxides and titanium oxides are scattered through the fine matrix of dust particles. ISCMs, chlorite, biotite, and iron oxides are iron carriers to remote ecosystems. The shapes of dust particles approximate ellipsoids whose aspect ratios increase with clay contents. The mineralogical classification of dust particles has led to the determination of the bulk mineral composition of a very small quantity of samples. The constituent mineralogy of dust particles is discussed in an environmental context with a brief introduction of the geological backgrounds of the minerals in their source areas.
矿物尘埃从沙漠源头远距离飘移，与地球环境相互作用。要了解这种相互作用，就必须了解单个尘埃颗粒的矿物学和微观结构。在此，我总结了尘埃粒子电子显微镜的最新发现，重点是亚洲和撒哈拉尘埃。尘埃粒子是粘土和非粘土矿物的异质混合物。粘土矿物占矿物尘埃质量的一半以上。细小的粘土矿物颗粒形成自己的集合体，包裹在粗糙的非粘土矿物上，或成为复合颗粒的基质。最丰富的粘土矿物是伊利石-直闪石系列粘土矿物（ISCMs），以伊利石和层间伊利石-直闪石为主。撒哈拉尘埃有别于亚洲尘埃，因为它含有大量的白云石和六方高岭石。常见的非粘土硅酸盐有石英、钾长石和富含 Na 的斜长石。撒哈拉尘埃中的无定形二氧化硅与粘土有关。方解石既有纳米纤维，也有粗大颗粒，与大气中的酸反应沉淀出石膏。铁氧化物和钛氧化物的亚微粒散布在尘埃颗粒的细小基质中。ISCM、绿泥石、黑云母和铁氧化物是偏远生态系统的铁载体。尘埃粒子的形状近似椭圆体，其长宽比随着粘土含量的增加而增大。通过对尘埃颗粒进行矿物学分类，可以确定极少量样本的主要矿物成分。本文从环境角度讨论了尘埃粒子的组成矿物学，并简要介绍了尘埃粒子来源地区的矿物地质背景。
{"title":"Microanalysis and mineralogy of Asian and Saharan dust","authors":"Gi Young Jeong","doi":"10.1186/s40543-024-00425-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-024-00425-5","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral dust is transported over long distances from desert sources, interacting with Earth environments. The mineralogy and microstructures of individual dust particles are required to understand the interactions. Here, I summarize recent findings from electron microscopy of dust particles, focusing on Asian and Saharan dust. Dust particles are heterogeneous mixtures of clay and nonclay minerals. Clay minerals account for more than half of the mass of mineral dust. Fine grains of clay minerals form their own aggregates, coat coarse nonclay minerals, or become a matrix of composite particles. The most abundant clay minerals are illite‒smectite series clay minerals (ISCMs) dominated by illite and interstratified illite‒smectite. Saharan dust is distinct from Asian dust by the high contents of palygorskite and hexagonal kaolinite. Common nonclay silicates are quartz, K-feldspar, and Na-rich plagioclase. Amorphous silica is associated with clays in Saharan dust. Calcite occurs as nanofibers as well as coarse grains, reacting with atmospheric acids to precipitate gypsum. The submicron grains of iron oxides and titanium oxides are scattered through the fine matrix of dust particles. ISCMs, chlorite, biotite, and iron oxides are iron carriers to remote ecosystems. The shapes of dust particles approximate ellipsoids whose aspect ratios increase with clay contents. The mineralogical classification of dust particles has led to the determination of the bulk mineral composition of a very small quantity of samples. The constituent mineralogy of dust particles is discussed in an environmental context with a brief introduction of the geological backgrounds of the minerals in their source areas.","PeriodicalId":14967,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Science and Technology","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140126070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：