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An innovative population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic strategy for attaining aggressive joint PK/PD target of continuous infusion ceftazidime/avibactam against KPC- and OXA-48- producing Enterobacterales and preventing resistance development in critically ill patients. 一种创新的群体药代动力学/药效学策略,用于实现连续输注头孢他啶/阿维菌素对 KPC 和 OXA-48 产肠杆菌的积极联合 PK/PD 目标,并防止重症患者产生耐药性。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae290
Pier Giorgio Cojutti, Manjunath P Pai, Milo Gatti, Matteo Rinaldi, Simone Ambretti, Pierluigi Viale, Federico Pea

Objectives: Ceftazidime/avibactam is a key antibiotic for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) Gram-negative infections, but current dosing may be suboptimal to grant activity. This study explores the population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of continuous infusion (CI) ceftazidime/avibactam for maximizing treatment efficacy in critically ill patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of adult patients receiving CI ceftazidime/avibactam and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of both compounds was performed. Population PK/PD modelling identified the most accurate method for estimating ceftazidime/avibactam clearance based on kidney function and Monte Carlo simulations investigated the relationship between various CI dosing regimens and aggressive joint PK/PD target attainment of ceftazidime/avibactam.

Results: The European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equation best described kidney function for ceftazidime/avibactam clearance. The findings challenge the current approach of only reducing the ceftazidime/avibactam dose based on kidney function by identifying dose adjustments in patients with augmented kidney function. Our CI ceftazidime/avibactam dosing strategies, adjusted by TDM, showed promise for achieving optimal aggressive joint PK/PD targets and potentially improving clinical/microbiological outcomes against KPC- and OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales. The risk of neurotoxicity associated with these strategies appears acceptable.

Conclusions: This study suggests that adjusting ceftazidime/avibactam dosing regimen based solely on eCLcr might be suboptimal for critically ill patients. Higher daily doses delivered by CI and adjusted based on TDM have the potential to improve aggressive joint PK/PD target attainment and potentially clinical/microbiological outcomes. Further investigations are warranted to confirm these findings and establish optimal TDM-guided dosing strategies for ceftazidime/avibactam in clinical practice.

目的:头孢他啶/阿维巴坦是治疗产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌属(CPE)革兰氏阴性菌感染的主要抗生素,但目前的剂量可能不足以发挥其活性。本研究探讨了连续输注(CI)头孢他啶/阿维菌素的群体药代动力学/药效学(PK/PD),以最大限度地提高重症患者的治疗效果:对接受CI头孢他啶/阿维巴坦治疗的成年患者进行了回顾性分析,并对两种化合物进行了治疗药物监测(TDM)。人群 PK/PD 模型确定了根据肾功能估算头孢他啶/阿维巴坦清除率的最准确方法,蒙特卡罗模拟研究了各种 CI 给药方案与头孢他啶/阿维巴坦积极的联合 PK/PD 目标实现之间的关系:结果:欧洲肾功能联盟(EKFC)方程对头孢他啶/阿维菌素清除率的肾功能描述最为准确。研究结果对目前仅根据肾功能减少头孢他啶/阿维巴坦剂量的方法提出了质疑,因为它确定了肾功能增强患者的剂量调整。我们通过TDM调整的CI头孢他啶/阿维巴坦剂量策略有望实现最佳的积极联合PK/PD目标,并有可能改善针对产KPC和产OXA-48肠杆菌的临床/微生物治疗效果。与这些策略相关的神经毒性风险似乎是可以接受的:本研究表明,仅根据 eCLcr 调整头孢他啶/阿维菌素给药方案可能不是重症患者的最佳选择。通过 CI 给药并根据 TDM 调整较高的日剂量,有可能改善侵袭性联合 PK/PD 目标的实现,并有可能改善临床/微生物学结果。为了证实这些发现并在临床实践中确立头孢他啶/阿维菌素在 TDM 指导下的最佳剂量策略,有必要开展进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Increased mortality in hospital- compared to community-onset carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales infections. 医院感染耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌的死亡率高于社区感染。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae306
Angelique E Boutzoukas, Natalie Mackow, Abhigya Giri, Lauren Komarow, Carol Hill, Liang Chen, Yohei Doi, Michael J Satlin, Cesar Arias, Minggui Wang, Laura Mora Moreo, Erica Herc, Eric Cober, Gregory Weston, Robin Patel, Robert A Bonomo, Vance Fowler, David van Duin

Background: The CDC reported a 35% increase in hospital-onset (HO) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated patient outcomes following HO and community-onset (CO) CRE bloodstream infections (BSI).

Methods: Patients prospectively enrolled in CRACKLE-2 from 56 hospitals in 10 countries between 30 April 2016 and 30 November 2019 with a CRE BSI were eligible. Infections were defined as CO or HO by CDC guidelines, and clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) 30 days after index culture. Difference in 30-day mortality was calculated with 95% CI.

Results: Among 891 patients with CRE BSI, 65% were HO (582/891). Compared to those with CO CRE, patients with HO CRE were younger [median 60 (Q1 42, Q3 70) years versus 65 (52, 74); P < 0.001], had fewer comorbidities [median Charlson comorbidity index 2 (1, 4) versus 3 (1, 5); P = 0.002] and were more acutely ill (Pitt bacteraemia score ≥4: 47% versus 32%; P < 0.001). The probability of a better DOOR outcome in a randomly selected patient with CO BSI compared to a patient with HO BSI was 60.6% (95% CI: 56.8%-64.3%). Mortality at 30-days was 12% higher in HO BSI (192/582; 33%) than CO BSI [66/309 (21%); P < 0.001].

Conclusion: We found a disproportionately greater impact on patient outcomes with HO compared to CO CRE BSIs; thus, the recently reported increases in HO CRE infections by CDC requires rigorous surveillance and infection prevention methods to prevent added mortality.

背景:美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)报告称,在 COVID-19 大流行期间,耐碳青霉烯类(HO)肠杆菌(CRE)的医院发病率增加了 35%。我们评估了耐碳青霉烯类和社区型(CO)CRE血流感染(BSI)患者的治疗效果:2016年4月30日至2019年11月30日期间,来自10个国家56家医院的CRACKLE-2前瞻性登记的CRE BSI患者符合条件。根据美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)指南,感染被定义为CO或HO,并对临床特征和结局进行了比较。主要结果是指数培养后 30 天的结果可取性排名(DOOR)。计算30天死亡率的差异及95% CI:在 891 例 CRE BSI 患者中,65% 为 HO(582/891)。与CO CRE患者相比,HO CRE患者更年轻[中位数60(Q1 42,Q3 70)岁对65(52,74)岁;P 结论:我们发现CRE BSI对患者的影响更大:我们发现,与 CO CRE BSI 相比,HO CRE BSI 对患者预后的影响更大;因此,疾病预防控制中心最近报告的 HO CRE 感染增加需要严格的监控和感染预防方法,以防止增加死亡率。
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引用次数: 0
A retrospective propensity-score-matched cohort study of the impact of procalcitonin testing on antibiotic use in hospitalized patients during the first wave of COVID-19. 关于 COVID-19 第一波期间降钙素原检测对住院患者抗生素使用影响的倾向分数匹配队列回顾性研究。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae246
Jonathan A T Sandoe, Detelina Grozeva, Mahableshwar Albur, Stuart E Bond, Lucy Brookes-Howell, Paul Dark, Joanne Euden, Ryan Hamilton, Thomas P Hellyer, Josie Henley, Susan Hopkins, Philip Howard, Daniel Howdon, Chikezie Knox-Macaulay, Martin J Llewelyn, Wakunyambo Maboshe, Iain J McCullagh, Margaret Ogden, Helena K Parsons, David G Partridge, Neil Powell, Graham Prestwich, Dominick Shaw, Bethany Shinkins, Tamas Szakmany, Emma Thomas-Jones, Stacy Todd, Robert M West, Enitan D Carrol, Philip Pallmann

Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) is a blood marker used to help diagnose bacterial infections and guide antibiotic treatment. PCT testing was widely used/adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.

Objectives: Primary: to measure the difference in length of early (during first 7 days) antibiotic prescribing between patients with COVID-19 who did/did not have baseline PCT testing during the first wave of the pandemic. Secondary: to measure differences in length of hospital/ICU stay, mortality, total days of antibiotic prescribing and resistant bacterial infections between these groups.

Methods: Multi-centre, retrospective, observational, cohort study using patient-level clinical data from acute hospital Trusts/Health Boards in England/Wales. Inclusion: patients ≥16 years, admitted to participating Trusts/Health Boards and with a confirmed positive COVID-19 test between 1 February 2020 and 30 June 2020.

Results: Data from 5960 patients were analysed: 1548 (26.0%) had a baseline PCT test and 4412 (74.0%) did not. Using propensity-score matching, baseline PCT testing was associated with an average reduction in early antibiotic prescribing of 0.43 days [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22-0.64 days, P < 0.001) and of 0.72 days (95% CI: 0.06-1.38 days, P = 0.03] in total antibiotic prescribing. Baseline PCT testing was not associated with increased mortality or hospital/ICU length of stay or with the rate of antimicrobial-resistant secondary bacterial infections.

Conclusions: Baseline PCT testing appears to have been an effective antimicrobial stewardship tool early in the pandemic: it reduced antibiotic prescribing without evidence of harm. Our study highlights the need for embedded, rapid evaluations of infection diagnostics in the National Health Service so that even in challenging circumstances, introduction into clinical practice is supported by evidence for clinical utility.

Study registration number: ISRCTN66682918.

背景:降钙素原(PCT)是一种血液标记物,用于帮助诊断细菌感染和指导抗生素治疗。在英国 COVID-19 大流行期间,PCT 检测被广泛使用/采纳:主要目的:测量在第一波大流行期间进行/未进行基线 PCT 检测的 COVID-19 患者的早期(前 7 天)抗生素处方时间差异。次要目的:测量这两组患者的住院时间/重症监护室停留时间、死亡率、抗生素处方总天数和耐药菌感染的差异:多中心、回顾性、观察性、队列研究,使用英格兰/威尔士急症医院信托基金/卫生局提供的患者临床数据。纳入对象:2020 年 2 月 1 日至 2020 年 6 月 30 日期间,在参与研究的托管医院/卫生局住院且 COVID-19 检测呈阳性的≥16 岁患者:对5960名患者的数据进行了分析:1548人(26.0%)进行了基线PCT检测,4412人(74.0%)未进行检测。通过倾向分数匹配,基线 PCT 检测与早期抗生素处方平均减少 0.43 天相关[95% 置信区间 (CI):0.22-0.64 天,P 结论:基线 PCT 检测似乎与早期抗生素处方平均减少 0.43 天相关:在大流行早期,基线 PCT 检测似乎是一种有效的抗菌药物管理工具:它减少了抗生素处方的开具,但没有证据表明会造成伤害。我们的研究强调了在国民健康服务中对感染诊断进行嵌入式快速评估的必要性,这样即使在具有挑战性的情况下,将其引入临床实践也能得到临床实用性证据的支持。
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引用次数: 0
Potential community acquisition of NMC-A-producing Enterobacter ludwigii, an underestimated environmental threat? 产生 NMC-A 的鲁德韦希氏肠杆菌的潜在社区感染--被低估的环境威胁?
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae284
Guilhem Conquet, Lokman Galal, Nicolas Martel, Chrislène Laurens, Christian Carrière, Sylvain Godreuil, Chloé Dupont
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引用次数: 0
Effect of a bundle intervention on adherence to quality-of-care indicators and on clinical outcomes in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia hospitalized in non-referral community hospitals. 捆绑式干预对非转诊社区医院住院的金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症患者遵守护理质量指标和临床疗效的影响。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae298
Francesc Escrihuela-Vidal, Cristina Chico, Beatriz Borjabad González, Daniel Vázquez Sánchez, Ana Lérida, Elisa De Blas Escudero, Montserrat Sanmartí, Laura Linares González, Antonella F Simonetti, Ana Coloma Conde, Magdalena Muelas-Fernandez, Vicens Diaz-Brito, Sara Gertrudis Horna Quintana, Isabel Oriol, Damaris Berbel, Jordi Càmara, Sara Grillo, Miquel Pujol, Guillermo Cuervo, Jordi Carratalà

Background: Although a significant number of cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) are managed at non-referral community hospitals, the impact of a bundle-of-care intervention in this setting has not yet been explored.

Methods: We performed a quasi-experimental before-after study with the implementation of a bundle of care for the management of SAB at five non-referral community hospitals and a tertiary care university hospital. Structured recommendations for the five indicators selected to assess quality of care were provided to investigators before the implementation of the bundle and monthly thereafter. Primary endpoints were adherence to the bundle intervention and treatment failure, defined as death or relapse at 90 days of follow-up.

Results: One hundred and seventy patients were included in the pre-intervention period and 103 in the intervention period. Patient characteristics were similar in both periods. Multivariate analysis controlling for potential confounders showed that performance of echocardiography was the only factor associated with improved adherence to the bundle in the intervention period (adjusted OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.13-4.02). Adherence to the bundle, performance of follow-up blood cultures, and adequate duration of antibiotic therapy for complicated SAB presented non-significant improvements. The intervention was not associated with a lower rate of 90 day treatment failure (OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.70-1.77).

Conclusions: A bundle-of-care intervention for the management of SAB at non-referral community hospitals increased adherence to quality indicators, but did not significantly reduce rates of 90 day mortality or relapse.

背景:尽管大量的金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症(SAB)病例是在非转诊社区医院处理的,但捆绑式护理干预在这种情况下的影响尚未得到探讨:我们在五家非转诊社区医院和一家三级护理大学医院开展了一项关于 SAB 管理捆绑护理实施前后的准实验性研究。在实施捆绑式护理之前和之后的每个月,调查人员都会收到为评估护理质量而选择的五项指标的结构化建议。主要终点是坚持捆绑干预和治疗失败,治疗失败的定义是随访90天后死亡或复发:结果:170 名患者被纳入干预前阶段,103 名被纳入干预阶段。两个时期的患者特征相似。控制潜在混杂因素的多变量分析表明,超声心动图检查结果是唯一与干预期更好地坚持捆绑治疗相关的因素(调整后 OR 2.13;95% CI 1.13-4.02)。干预期间,在坚持捆绑治疗、进行随访血培养以及对并发症 SAB 进行充分的抗生素治疗等方面均无明显改善。干预措施与降低90天治疗失败率无关(OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.70-1.77):在非转诊社区医院对SAB进行捆绑式护理干预可提高对质量指标的依从性,但并不能显著降低90天死亡率或复发率。
{"title":"Effect of a bundle intervention on adherence to quality-of-care indicators and on clinical outcomes in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia hospitalized in non-referral community hospitals.","authors":"Francesc Escrihuela-Vidal, Cristina Chico, Beatriz Borjabad González, Daniel Vázquez Sánchez, Ana Lérida, Elisa De Blas Escudero, Montserrat Sanmartí, Laura Linares González, Antonella F Simonetti, Ana Coloma Conde, Magdalena Muelas-Fernandez, Vicens Diaz-Brito, Sara Gertrudis Horna Quintana, Isabel Oriol, Damaris Berbel, Jordi Càmara, Sara Grillo, Miquel Pujol, Guillermo Cuervo, Jordi Carratalà","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae298","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although a significant number of cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) are managed at non-referral community hospitals, the impact of a bundle-of-care intervention in this setting has not yet been explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a quasi-experimental before-after study with the implementation of a bundle of care for the management of SAB at five non-referral community hospitals and a tertiary care university hospital. Structured recommendations for the five indicators selected to assess quality of care were provided to investigators before the implementation of the bundle and monthly thereafter. Primary endpoints were adherence to the bundle intervention and treatment failure, defined as death or relapse at 90 days of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and seventy patients were included in the pre-intervention period and 103 in the intervention period. Patient characteristics were similar in both periods. Multivariate analysis controlling for potential confounders showed that performance of echocardiography was the only factor associated with improved adherence to the bundle in the intervention period (adjusted OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.13-4.02). Adherence to the bundle, performance of follow-up blood cultures, and adequate duration of antibiotic therapy for complicated SAB presented non-significant improvements. The intervention was not associated with a lower rate of 90 day treatment failure (OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.70-1.77).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A bundle-of-care intervention for the management of SAB at non-referral community hospitals increased adherence to quality indicators, but did not significantly reduce rates of 90 day mortality or relapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synergistic effects of quorum-sensing molecules and antimicrobials against Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: in vitro and in vivo studies. 法定人数感应分子和抗菌剂对白色念珠菌和铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的协同作用:体外和体内研究。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae293
Mayram Hacioglu, Fatima Nur Yilmaz, Hande Ipek Yetke, Ebru Haciosmanoglu-Aldogan

Background: Candida albicans can form polymicrobial biofilms with other microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, at infection sites.

Objectives: As biofilms are highly resistant to antibiotics there is a need for new antibiofilm agents that have unique targets and modes of action.

Methods: In this study the antibiofilm effects of two quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs), farnesol and tyrosol, were investigated alone and in combination with antibiotics (aztreonam, colistin, tobramycin) and antifungals (fluconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin), against single- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and P. aeruginosa in in vitro and in vivo systems.

Results: It was observed that QSMs alone, especially farnesol, showed at least a 1-log reduction against preformed single- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and P. aeruginosa. Combination of QSMs with colistin or fluconazole was found to be effective against both single- and dual-species biofilms in vitro. Increased survival was observed in C. elegans when treated with colistin or fluconazole in combination with QSMs, compared with no treatment. Additionally, the QSMs and colistin and farnesol combinations effectively inhibited biofilm formation by C. albicans and P. aeruginosa on bronchial epithelial cells, and reduced IL-1β expression in lung bronchial epithelial cells.

Conclusions: There is a need for effective treatments for bacterial-fungal biofilm infections and, to our knowledge, there have been no studies of QSMs and antimicrobial combinations against dual-species biofilms involving C. albicans and P. aeruginosa. Hence these findings will make a significant contribution to the literature.

背景:白色念珠菌可在感染部位与铜绿假单胞菌等其他微生物形成多微生物生物膜:由于生物膜对抗生素具有高度耐药性,因此需要具有独特靶点和作用模式的新型抗生物膜药物:方法:本研究在体外和体内系统中研究了两种法定量感应分子(QSMs)--法呢醇和酪醇--单独或与抗生素(阿曲南、可乐定、妥布霉素)和抗真菌药(氟康唑、两性霉素B、卡泊芬净)联用对白僵菌和铜绿假单胞菌单种和双种生物膜的抗生物膜作用:结果:观察发现,单独使用 QSMs,尤其是法尼醇,对预先形成的白僵菌和铜绿假单胞菌单种和双种生物膜的抑制作用至少降低 1 个菌落。在体外将 QSMs 与可乐定或氟康唑结合使用,对单种和双种生物膜均有效。与不使用 QSMs 的情况相比,在使用可乐定或氟康唑与 QSMs 联合治疗时,可乐菌的存活率有所提高。此外,QSMs 和可乐定与法尼醇的组合能有效抑制支气管上皮细胞上白僵菌和铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的形成,并减少肺支气管上皮细胞中 IL-1β 的表达:据我们所知,目前还没有针对涉及白僵菌和铜绿假单胞菌的双种生物膜的 QSMs 和抗菌药组合研究。因此,这些研究结果将为相关文献做出重大贡献。
{"title":"Synergistic effects of quorum-sensing molecules and antimicrobials against Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: in vitro and in vivo studies.","authors":"Mayram Hacioglu, Fatima Nur Yilmaz, Hande Ipek Yetke, Ebru Haciosmanoglu-Aldogan","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae293","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Candida albicans can form polymicrobial biofilms with other microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, at infection sites.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>As biofilms are highly resistant to antibiotics there is a need for new antibiofilm agents that have unique targets and modes of action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study the antibiofilm effects of two quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs), farnesol and tyrosol, were investigated alone and in combination with antibiotics (aztreonam, colistin, tobramycin) and antifungals (fluconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin), against single- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and P. aeruginosa in in vitro and in vivo systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was observed that QSMs alone, especially farnesol, showed at least a 1-log reduction against preformed single- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and P. aeruginosa. Combination of QSMs with colistin or fluconazole was found to be effective against both single- and dual-species biofilms in vitro. Increased survival was observed in C. elegans when treated with colistin or fluconazole in combination with QSMs, compared with no treatment. Additionally, the QSMs and colistin and farnesol combinations effectively inhibited biofilm formation by C. albicans and P. aeruginosa on bronchial epithelial cells, and reduced IL-1β expression in lung bronchial epithelial cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a need for effective treatments for bacterial-fungal biofilm infections and, to our knowledge, there have been no studies of QSMs and antimicrobial combinations against dual-species biofilms involving C. albicans and P. aeruginosa. Hence these findings will make a significant contribution to the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Probing fosfomycin's potential: a study on susceptibility testing and resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis from prosthetic joint infections. 探索磷霉素的潜力:假体关节感染中表皮葡萄球菌的药敏试验和耐药性研究。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae312
Rebecka Widerström, Mia Aarris, Susanne Jacobsson, Marc Stegger, Bo Söderquist, Emeli Månsson

Background: There are limited treatment options for prosthetic joint infections (PJI) due to multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MDRSE). Fosfomycin (FOF) has gained attention as a potential therapy, but there is a paucity of information on the phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility amongst S. epidermidis, including MDRSE.

Objectives: To investigate phenotypical and genotypical susceptibility to FOF in S. epidermidis isolates prospectively collected from PJIs in Sweden.

Methods: MIC determination was performed using in-house agar dilution (AD) and a commercial AD panel. Genes and gene variants associated with FOF resistance were analysed.

Results: Multidrug resistance was common [74/89 (83%) isolates were MDRSE].FOF inhibited all isolates except one, which had an MIC > 256 mg/L. The commercial AD panel demonstrated good overall performance but tended to overestimate the MIC, resulting in 84% essential agreement with the gold standard. Genomic analysis with publically available tools for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data suggested genotypic FOF resistance in all isolates, but in-depth analysis revealed that fosB, associated with FOF resistance, was only present in the phenotypically resistant isolate. No other genes or gene variants associated with FOF resistance were detected.

Conclusions: Phenotypic resistance to FOF and presence of fosB were rare in this collection, indicating FOF's potential as a treatment option for S. epidermidis. The commercial AD panel demonstrated high reproducibility, but EA with the reference method was less than optimal. Findings of genotypic FOF resistance using common tools for WGS data should be critically evaluated and appropriately verified with relevant fosB references for S. epidermidis.

背景:对于由耐多药表皮葡萄球菌(MDRSE)引起的人工关节感染(PJI),目前的治疗方案十分有限。磷霉素(FOF)作为一种潜在的治疗方法已受到关注,但有关表皮葡萄球菌(包括 MDRSE)的表型和基因型敏感性的信息却很少:调查瑞典前瞻性收集的表皮葡萄球菌分离株对 FOF 的表型和基因型敏感性:方法:使用内部琼脂稀释法(AD)和商业 AD 面板测定 MIC。分析了与 FOF 耐药性相关的基因和基因变异:FOF对所有分离株都有抑制作用,只有一种分离株除外,该分离株的MIC大于256 mg/L。商业 AD 检验小组的整体表现良好,但往往会高估 MIC,结果与金标准的基本一致率为 84%。利用全基因组测序(WGS)数据的公开工具进行的基因组分析表明,所有分离物都具有基因型 FOF 耐药性,但深入分析发现,与 FOF 耐药性相关的 fosB 只存在于表型耐药性分离物中。没有检测到与 FOF 抗性相关的其他基因或基因变异:结论:对 FOF 的表型耐药性和 fosB 的存在在该菌种中很少见,这表明 FOF 有可能成为治疗表皮葡萄球菌的一种选择。商品化的 AD 检测板具有很高的可重复性,但与参考方法相比,EA 的效果并不理想。使用 WGS 数据通用工具得出的 FOF 基因型耐药性结果应进行严格评估,并与表皮葡萄球菌的相关 fosB 参考文献进行适当验证。
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引用次数: 0
Establishment of a diverse pheno-genotypic challenge set of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa suitable for use in the murine pneumonia model. 建立适用于鼠肺炎模型的肺炎克雷伯氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌的多种表型挑战集。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae388
Andrew J Fratoni, Alissa M Padgett, Erin M Duffy, David P Nicolau

Background: Preclinical murine infection models lack inter-laboratory uniformity, complicating result comparisons and data reproducibility. The European Innovative Medicines initiative-funded consortium (COMBINE) has developed a standardized murine neutropenic pneumonia protocol to address these concerns. While model methods have been standardized, a major obstacle to consistent results is the lack of available bacteria with defined viability and variability. Herein, we establish a diverse challenge set of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa suitable for use in the COMBINE protocol to further minimize experimental inconsistency and improve the interpretability of data generated among differing laboratories.

Materials and methods: Sixty-six K. pneumoniae and 65 P. aeruginosa were phenotypically profiled against tigecycline (K. pneumoniae only), levofloxacin, meropenem, cefiderocol and tobramycin. Fifty-nine isolates were introduced into the COMBINE model to assess the sufficiency of the starting bacterial inoculation, resultant baseline bacterial burden, achievement of ≥1 log10cfu/lung growth at 24 h, time to and percentage mortality. Forty-five isolates displaying desirable minimum inhibitory concentration profiles were subjected to replicate in vivo testing to assess target parameters.

Results: 83% of K. pneumoniae reached the prerequisite growth at 24 h using a starting bacterial burden ≥7 log10cfu/lung. P. aeruginosa isolates grew well in the model: 90% achieved the growth target with a starting bacterial burden of 6 log10cfu/lung. Mortality was negligible for K. pneumoniae but high for P. aeruginosa. Poor or inconsistent achievement of the 24 h growth target was seen in 11/59 isolates.

Conclusions: With this diverse cache of viable isolates established in the COMBINE pneumonia model, future translational studies can be undertaken to set efficacy benchmarks among laboratories.

背景:临床前小鼠感染模型缺乏实验室间的统一性,导致结果比较和数据可重复性变得复杂。欧洲创新药物倡议资助的联盟(COMBINE)制定了标准化的小鼠中性肺炎方案,以解决这些问题。虽然模型方法已经标准化,但结果一致性的一个主要障碍是缺乏具有明确活力和变异性的可用细菌。在此,我们建立了一套适用于 COMBINE 方案的肺炎克雷伯氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌的多样化挑战集,以进一步减少实验的不一致性,并提高不同实验室生成的数据的可解释性:对 66 株肺炎克雷伯菌和 65 株铜绿假单胞菌进行了表型分析,分析了它们对替加环素(仅肺炎克雷伯菌)、左氧氟沙星、美罗培南、头孢克肟和妥布霉素的耐药性。将 59 个分离株引入 COMBINE 模型,以评估起始细菌接种的充分性、由此产生的基线细菌负荷、24 小时内达到≥1 log10cfu/lung 的生长量、死亡时间和死亡率百分比。对 45 个显示出理想最低抑菌浓度曲线的分离物进行了重复体内试验,以评估目标参数:结果:在起始细菌负荷≥7 log10cfu/肺时,83%的肺炎克氏菌在 24 小时内达到了生长要求。铜绿假单胞菌在模型中生长良好:在起始细菌量为 6 log10cfu/肺时,90% 的分离物达到了生长目标。肺炎克氏菌的死亡率可以忽略不计,但铜绿假单胞菌的死亡率很高。有 11/59 个分离株的 24 小时生长目标达标率较低或不一致:结论:通过在 COMBINE 肺炎模型中建立的可存活分离株的多样性,未来的转化研究可以在实验室之间建立疗效基准。
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引用次数: 0
Crushed posaconazole delayed-release tablets for antifungal prophylaxis and treatment in children. 用于儿童抗真菌预防和治疗的泊沙康唑缓释碎片。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae373
Heather Weerdenburg, Amanda Gwee, Gabrielle M Haeusler, Joshua Osowicki, Alison Boast

Objectives: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended for posaconazole to achieve target concentrations of ≥0.7 mg/L and ≥1.0 mg/L for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infection (IFI), respectively. However, target attainment is challenging with the oral suspension, particularly in children. Here, we describe our experience using crushed delayed-release tablet (DRT) in a paediatric cohort, with a focus on TDM.

Methods: We undertook a retrospective audit of crushed posaconazole DRT administration via enteral feeding tubes (EFTs) for patients aged ≤18 years over 18 months at The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne who had at least one trough concentration measured at steady state. Details of patient demographics, posaconazole dosing, monitoring and adverse effects were recorded.

Results: Twelve patients with a median age of 9 years (range 2 to 14) received posaconazole DRT via EFT for prophylaxis (n = 8) or treatment (n = 4). All children achieved target concentration, with a median dose of 7 mg/kg/day (range 5 to 11) for prophylaxis and 13 mg/kg/day (range 9 to 20) for treatment. The median time to reach therapeutic levels was 7 days (range 5 to 14) for prophylaxis and 20 days (range 15 to 35) for treatment. One child had blockage of their EFT, which was attributed to posaconazole. No other adverse effects were observed.

Conclusions: Crushed posaconazole DRT administered via EFT may be used as a method of attaining therapeutic posaconazole concentrations in children for antifungal prophylaxis and treatment.

目标:建议对泊沙康唑进行治疗药物监测(TDM),使其目标浓度分别达到≥0.7 mg/L和≥1.0 mg/L,以预防和治疗侵袭性真菌感染(IFI)。然而,口服混悬液很难达到目标,尤其是儿童。在此,我们介绍了在儿科人群中使用压片型缓释片(DRT)的经验,重点是 TDM:我们对墨尔本皇家儿童医院 18 个月来通过肠饲管(EFT)给药的粉碎型泊沙康唑 DRT 进行了回顾性审核,这些患者的年龄均小于 18 岁,且至少在稳态时测得过一次谷浓度。记录了患者人口统计学、泊沙康唑用药、监测和不良反应的详细信息:12名中位数年龄为9岁(2至14岁)的患者通过EFT接受了泊沙康唑DRT预防(8人)或治疗(4人)。所有儿童都达到了目标浓度,预防用药的中位剂量为 7 毫克/千克/天(5 至 11 毫克/千克/天),治疗用药的中位剂量为 13 毫克/千克/天(9 至 20 毫克/千克/天)。预防用药达到治疗水平的中位时间为 7 天(5 到 14 天不等),治疗用药为 20 天(15 到 35 天不等)。有一名患儿的 EFT 出现阻塞,这应归咎于泊沙康唑。未观察到其他不良反应:通过 EFT 给药粉碎的泊沙康唑 DRT 可作为一种达到治疗浓度的方法,用于儿童的抗真菌预防和治疗。
{"title":"Crushed posaconazole delayed-release tablets for antifungal prophylaxis and treatment in children.","authors":"Heather Weerdenburg, Amanda Gwee, Gabrielle M Haeusler, Joshua Osowicki, Alison Boast","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkae373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended for posaconazole to achieve target concentrations of ≥0.7 mg/L and ≥1.0 mg/L for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infection (IFI), respectively. However, target attainment is challenging with the oral suspension, particularly in children. Here, we describe our experience using crushed delayed-release tablet (DRT) in a paediatric cohort, with a focus on TDM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We undertook a retrospective audit of crushed posaconazole DRT administration via enteral feeding tubes (EFTs) for patients aged ≤18 years over 18 months at The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne who had at least one trough concentration measured at steady state. Details of patient demographics, posaconazole dosing, monitoring and adverse effects were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve patients with a median age of 9 years (range 2 to 14) received posaconazole DRT via EFT for prophylaxis (n = 8) or treatment (n = 4). All children achieved target concentration, with a median dose of 7 mg/kg/day (range 5 to 11) for prophylaxis and 13 mg/kg/day (range 9 to 20) for treatment. The median time to reach therapeutic levels was 7 days (range 5 to 14) for prophylaxis and 20 days (range 15 to 35) for treatment. One child had blockage of their EFT, which was attributed to posaconazole. No other adverse effects were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Crushed posaconazole DRT administered via EFT may be used as a method of attaining therapeutic posaconazole concentrations in children for antifungal prophylaxis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparing the long-term effectiveness and safety of dolutegravir/lamivudine versus bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate as first-line regimens: a real life multicentre cohort. 比较多鲁曲韦/拉米夫定与比特拉韦/恩曲他滨/富马酸替诺福韦阿拉非酰胺作为一线治疗方案的长期有效性和安全性:一个真实的多中心队列。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae392
Arturo Ciccullo, Gianmaria Baldin, Adriana Cervo, Davide Moschese, Filippo Lagi, Maria Vittoria Cossu, Alessandro Grimaldi, Andrea Giacomelli, Stefano Rusconi, Gaetana Sterrantino, Alberto Borghetti, Spinello Antinori, Cristina Mussini, Simona Di Giambenedetto

Objectives: We compared the effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (BIC/FTC/TAF) and dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG + 3TC) in our cohort of treatment-naive people with HIV (PWH).

Methods: In a multicentre cohort of treatment-naive PWH starting a first-line regimen with either dolutegravir plus lamivudine or BIC/FTC/TAF, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate time to virological failure (VF) and time to treatment discontinuation (TD), whereas Cox regression was used to evaluate predictors of VF and TD. Changes in CD4+ cell count were assessed via non-parametric tests, and linear regression analyses were performed to explore predictors of CD4+ cell count changes.

Results: One hundred and seventy individuals were included: 66 started dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG group) and 104 started BIC/FTC/TAF (BIC group). During follow-up, we observed two VFs in the DTG group [1.7 per 100 person-years of follow-up (PYFU)] and two in the BIC group (1.7 per 100 PYFU). Estimated probability of remaining free from VF at Week 144 was 95.9% in the DTG group and 95.2% in the BIC group (log-rank P = 0.955). Four TDs were observed in the DTG group (3.4 per 100 PYFU) and 21 in the BIC group (17.6 per 100 PYFU). Estimated probability of maintaining the study regimen at Week 144 was 90.3% in the DTG group and 70.0% in the BIC group; individuals in the BIC group had a higher probability of TD (log-rank P = 0.003). In both groups, the CD4+ count improved significantly during follow-up.

Conclusions: Our study shows that both strategies are effective and safe, with few VFs and TDs due to tolerability issues.

研究目的我们比较了富马酸比特拉韦/恩曲他滨/替诺福韦阿拉非酰胺(BIC/FTC/TAF)和多替拉韦加拉米夫定(DTG + 3TC)在我们的艾滋病病毒感染者(PWH)队列中的有效性和安全性:在开始使用多罗替拉韦+拉米夫定或BIC/FTC/TAF一线治疗方案的多中心队列中,采用卡普兰-米尔生存分析法估算病毒学失败(VF)时间和终止治疗(TD)时间,并采用Cox回归法评估VF和TD的预测因素。CD4+细胞计数的变化通过非参数检验进行评估,并进行线性回归分析以探索CD4+细胞计数变化的预测因素:结果:共纳入 170 人:66人开始接受多鲁特韦加拉米夫定治疗(DTG组),104人开始接受BIC/FTC/TAF治疗(BIC组)。在随访期间,我们在 DTG 组观察到 2 例 VF [每 100 人随访年(PYFU)1.7 例],在 BIC 组观察到 2 例 VF [每 100 人随访年(PYFU)1.7 例]。在第 144 周时,DTG 组和 BIC 组保持无 VF 的估计概率分别为 95.9% 和 95.2%(对数秩 P = 0.955)。在 DTG 组观察到 4 例 TD(每 100 个 PYFU 3.4 例),在 BIC 组观察到 21 例 TD(每 100 个 PYFU 17.6 例)。在第 144 周时,DTG 组维持研究方案的估计概率为 90.3%,BIC 组为 70.0%;BIC 组的 TD 概率更高(对数秩 P = 0.003)。两组患者的 CD4+ 细胞数在随访期间均有明显改善:我们的研究表明,这两种策略都是有效和安全的,由于耐受性问题导致的VF和TD都很少。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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