Pier Giorgio Cojutti, Manjunath P Pai, Milo Gatti, Matteo Rinaldi, Simone Ambretti, Pierluigi Viale, Federico Pea
Objectives: Ceftazidime/avibactam is a key antibiotic for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) Gram-negative infections, but current dosing may be suboptimal to grant activity. This study explores the population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of continuous infusion (CI) ceftazidime/avibactam for maximizing treatment efficacy in critically ill patients.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of adult patients receiving CI ceftazidime/avibactam and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of both compounds was performed. Population PK/PD modelling identified the most accurate method for estimating ceftazidime/avibactam clearance based on kidney function and Monte Carlo simulations investigated the relationship between various CI dosing regimens and aggressive joint PK/PD target attainment of ceftazidime/avibactam.
Results: The European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equation best described kidney function for ceftazidime/avibactam clearance. The findings challenge the current approach of only reducing the ceftazidime/avibactam dose based on kidney function by identifying dose adjustments in patients with augmented kidney function. Our CI ceftazidime/avibactam dosing strategies, adjusted by TDM, showed promise for achieving optimal aggressive joint PK/PD targets and potentially improving clinical/microbiological outcomes against KPC- and OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales. The risk of neurotoxicity associated with these strategies appears acceptable.
Conclusions: This study suggests that adjusting ceftazidime/avibactam dosing regimen based solely on eCLcr might be suboptimal for critically ill patients. Higher daily doses delivered by CI and adjusted based on TDM have the potential to improve aggressive joint PK/PD target attainment and potentially clinical/microbiological outcomes. Further investigations are warranted to confirm these findings and establish optimal TDM-guided dosing strategies for ceftazidime/avibactam in clinical practice.
目的:头孢他啶/阿维巴坦是治疗产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌属(CPE)革兰氏阴性菌感染的主要抗生素,但目前的剂量可能不足以发挥其活性。本研究探讨了连续输注(CI)头孢他啶/阿维菌素的群体药代动力学/药效学(PK/PD),以最大限度地提高重症患者的治疗效果:对接受CI头孢他啶/阿维巴坦治疗的成年患者进行了回顾性分析,并对两种化合物进行了治疗药物监测(TDM)。人群 PK/PD 模型确定了根据肾功能估算头孢他啶/阿维巴坦清除率的最准确方法,蒙特卡罗模拟研究了各种 CI 给药方案与头孢他啶/阿维巴坦积极的联合 PK/PD 目标实现之间的关系:结果:欧洲肾功能联盟(EKFC)方程对头孢他啶/阿维菌素清除率的肾功能描述最为准确。研究结果对目前仅根据肾功能减少头孢他啶/阿维巴坦剂量的方法提出了质疑,因为它确定了肾功能增强患者的剂量调整。我们通过TDM调整的CI头孢他啶/阿维巴坦剂量策略有望实现最佳的积极联合PK/PD目标,并有可能改善针对产KPC和产OXA-48肠杆菌的临床/微生物治疗效果。与这些策略相关的神经毒性风险似乎是可以接受的:本研究表明,仅根据 eCLcr 调整头孢他啶/阿维菌素给药方案可能不是重症患者的最佳选择。通过 CI 给药并根据 TDM 调整较高的日剂量,有可能改善侵袭性联合 PK/PD 目标的实现,并有可能改善临床/微生物学结果。为了证实这些发现并在临床实践中确立头孢他啶/阿维菌素在 TDM 指导下的最佳剂量策略,有必要开展进一步的研究。
{"title":"An innovative population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic strategy for attaining aggressive joint PK/PD target of continuous infusion ceftazidime/avibactam against KPC- and OXA-48- producing Enterobacterales and preventing resistance development in critically ill patients.","authors":"Pier Giorgio Cojutti, Manjunath P Pai, Milo Gatti, Matteo Rinaldi, Simone Ambretti, Pierluigi Viale, Federico Pea","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae290","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Ceftazidime/avibactam is a key antibiotic for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) Gram-negative infections, but current dosing may be suboptimal to grant activity. This study explores the population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of continuous infusion (CI) ceftazidime/avibactam for maximizing treatment efficacy in critically ill patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of adult patients receiving CI ceftazidime/avibactam and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of both compounds was performed. Population PK/PD modelling identified the most accurate method for estimating ceftazidime/avibactam clearance based on kidney function and Monte Carlo simulations investigated the relationship between various CI dosing regimens and aggressive joint PK/PD target attainment of ceftazidime/avibactam.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equation best described kidney function for ceftazidime/avibactam clearance. The findings challenge the current approach of only reducing the ceftazidime/avibactam dose based on kidney function by identifying dose adjustments in patients with augmented kidney function. Our CI ceftazidime/avibactam dosing strategies, adjusted by TDM, showed promise for achieving optimal aggressive joint PK/PD targets and potentially improving clinical/microbiological outcomes against KPC- and OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales. The risk of neurotoxicity associated with these strategies appears acceptable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that adjusting ceftazidime/avibactam dosing regimen based solely on eCLcr might be suboptimal for critically ill patients. Higher daily doses delivered by CI and adjusted based on TDM have the potential to improve aggressive joint PK/PD target attainment and potentially clinical/microbiological outcomes. Further investigations are warranted to confirm these findings and establish optimal TDM-guided dosing strategies for ceftazidime/avibactam in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angelique E Boutzoukas, Natalie Mackow, Abhigya Giri, Lauren Komarow, Carol Hill, Liang Chen, Yohei Doi, Michael J Satlin, Cesar Arias, Minggui Wang, Laura Mora Moreo, Erica Herc, Eric Cober, Gregory Weston, Robin Patel, Robert A Bonomo, Vance Fowler, David van Duin
Background: The CDC reported a 35% increase in hospital-onset (HO) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated patient outcomes following HO and community-onset (CO) CRE bloodstream infections (BSI).
Methods: Patients prospectively enrolled in CRACKLE-2 from 56 hospitals in 10 countries between 30 April 2016 and 30 November 2019 with a CRE BSI were eligible. Infections were defined as CO or HO by CDC guidelines, and clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) 30 days after index culture. Difference in 30-day mortality was calculated with 95% CI.
Results: Among 891 patients with CRE BSI, 65% were HO (582/891). Compared to those with CO CRE, patients with HO CRE were younger [median 60 (Q1 42, Q3 70) years versus 65 (52, 74); P < 0.001], had fewer comorbidities [median Charlson comorbidity index 2 (1, 4) versus 3 (1, 5); P = 0.002] and were more acutely ill (Pitt bacteraemia score ≥4: 47% versus 32%; P < 0.001). The probability of a better DOOR outcome in a randomly selected patient with CO BSI compared to a patient with HO BSI was 60.6% (95% CI: 56.8%-64.3%). Mortality at 30-days was 12% higher in HO BSI (192/582; 33%) than CO BSI [66/309 (21%); P < 0.001].
Conclusion: We found a disproportionately greater impact on patient outcomes with HO compared to CO CRE BSIs; thus, the recently reported increases in HO CRE infections by CDC requires rigorous surveillance and infection prevention methods to prevent added mortality.
{"title":"Increased mortality in hospital- compared to community-onset carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales infections.","authors":"Angelique E Boutzoukas, Natalie Mackow, Abhigya Giri, Lauren Komarow, Carol Hill, Liang Chen, Yohei Doi, Michael J Satlin, Cesar Arias, Minggui Wang, Laura Mora Moreo, Erica Herc, Eric Cober, Gregory Weston, Robin Patel, Robert A Bonomo, Vance Fowler, David van Duin","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae306","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The CDC reported a 35% increase in hospital-onset (HO) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated patient outcomes following HO and community-onset (CO) CRE bloodstream infections (BSI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients prospectively enrolled in CRACKLE-2 from 56 hospitals in 10 countries between 30 April 2016 and 30 November 2019 with a CRE BSI were eligible. Infections were defined as CO or HO by CDC guidelines, and clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) 30 days after index culture. Difference in 30-day mortality was calculated with 95% CI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 891 patients with CRE BSI, 65% were HO (582/891). Compared to those with CO CRE, patients with HO CRE were younger [median 60 (Q1 42, Q3 70) years versus 65 (52, 74); P < 0.001], had fewer comorbidities [median Charlson comorbidity index 2 (1, 4) versus 3 (1, 5); P = 0.002] and were more acutely ill (Pitt bacteraemia score ≥4: 47% versus 32%; P < 0.001). The probability of a better DOOR outcome in a randomly selected patient with CO BSI compared to a patient with HO BSI was 60.6% (95% CI: 56.8%-64.3%). Mortality at 30-days was 12% higher in HO BSI (192/582; 33%) than CO BSI [66/309 (21%); P < 0.001].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found a disproportionately greater impact on patient outcomes with HO compared to CO CRE BSIs; thus, the recently reported increases in HO CRE infections by CDC requires rigorous surveillance and infection prevention methods to prevent added mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan A T Sandoe, Detelina Grozeva, Mahableshwar Albur, Stuart E Bond, Lucy Brookes-Howell, Paul Dark, Joanne Euden, Ryan Hamilton, Thomas P Hellyer, Josie Henley, Susan Hopkins, Philip Howard, Daniel Howdon, Chikezie Knox-Macaulay, Martin J Llewelyn, Wakunyambo Maboshe, Iain J McCullagh, Margaret Ogden, Helena K Parsons, David G Partridge, Neil Powell, Graham Prestwich, Dominick Shaw, Bethany Shinkins, Tamas Szakmany, Emma Thomas-Jones, Stacy Todd, Robert M West, Enitan D Carrol, Philip Pallmann
Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) is a blood marker used to help diagnose bacterial infections and guide antibiotic treatment. PCT testing was widely used/adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.
Objectives: Primary: to measure the difference in length of early (during first 7 days) antibiotic prescribing between patients with COVID-19 who did/did not have baseline PCT testing during the first wave of the pandemic. Secondary: to measure differences in length of hospital/ICU stay, mortality, total days of antibiotic prescribing and resistant bacterial infections between these groups.
Methods: Multi-centre, retrospective, observational, cohort study using patient-level clinical data from acute hospital Trusts/Health Boards in England/Wales. Inclusion: patients ≥16 years, admitted to participating Trusts/Health Boards and with a confirmed positive COVID-19 test between 1 February 2020 and 30 June 2020.
Results: Data from 5960 patients were analysed: 1548 (26.0%) had a baseline PCT test and 4412 (74.0%) did not. Using propensity-score matching, baseline PCT testing was associated with an average reduction in early antibiotic prescribing of 0.43 days [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22-0.64 days, P < 0.001) and of 0.72 days (95% CI: 0.06-1.38 days, P = 0.03] in total antibiotic prescribing. Baseline PCT testing was not associated with increased mortality or hospital/ICU length of stay or with the rate of antimicrobial-resistant secondary bacterial infections.
Conclusions: Baseline PCT testing appears to have been an effective antimicrobial stewardship tool early in the pandemic: it reduced antibiotic prescribing without evidence of harm. Our study highlights the need for embedded, rapid evaluations of infection diagnostics in the National Health Service so that even in challenging circumstances, introduction into clinical practice is supported by evidence for clinical utility.
{"title":"A retrospective propensity-score-matched cohort study of the impact of procalcitonin testing on antibiotic use in hospitalized patients during the first wave of COVID-19.","authors":"Jonathan A T Sandoe, Detelina Grozeva, Mahableshwar Albur, Stuart E Bond, Lucy Brookes-Howell, Paul Dark, Joanne Euden, Ryan Hamilton, Thomas P Hellyer, Josie Henley, Susan Hopkins, Philip Howard, Daniel Howdon, Chikezie Knox-Macaulay, Martin J Llewelyn, Wakunyambo Maboshe, Iain J McCullagh, Margaret Ogden, Helena K Parsons, David G Partridge, Neil Powell, Graham Prestwich, Dominick Shaw, Bethany Shinkins, Tamas Szakmany, Emma Thomas-Jones, Stacy Todd, Robert M West, Enitan D Carrol, Philip Pallmann","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae246","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Procalcitonin (PCT) is a blood marker used to help diagnose bacterial infections and guide antibiotic treatment. PCT testing was widely used/adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Primary: to measure the difference in length of early (during first 7 days) antibiotic prescribing between patients with COVID-19 who did/did not have baseline PCT testing during the first wave of the pandemic. Secondary: to measure differences in length of hospital/ICU stay, mortality, total days of antibiotic prescribing and resistant bacterial infections between these groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multi-centre, retrospective, observational, cohort study using patient-level clinical data from acute hospital Trusts/Health Boards in England/Wales. Inclusion: patients ≥16 years, admitted to participating Trusts/Health Boards and with a confirmed positive COVID-19 test between 1 February 2020 and 30 June 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 5960 patients were analysed: 1548 (26.0%) had a baseline PCT test and 4412 (74.0%) did not. Using propensity-score matching, baseline PCT testing was associated with an average reduction in early antibiotic prescribing of 0.43 days [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22-0.64 days, P < 0.001) and of 0.72 days (95% CI: 0.06-1.38 days, P = 0.03] in total antibiotic prescribing. Baseline PCT testing was not associated with increased mortality or hospital/ICU length of stay or with the rate of antimicrobial-resistant secondary bacterial infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Baseline PCT testing appears to have been an effective antimicrobial stewardship tool early in the pandemic: it reduced antibiotic prescribing without evidence of harm. Our study highlights the need for embedded, rapid evaluations of infection diagnostics in the National Health Service so that even in challenging circumstances, introduction into clinical practice is supported by evidence for clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Study registration number: </strong>ISRCTN66682918.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guilhem Conquet, Lokman Galal, Nicolas Martel, Chrislène Laurens, Christian Carrière, Sylvain Godreuil, Chloé Dupont
{"title":"Potential community acquisition of NMC-A-producing Enterobacter ludwigii, an underestimated environmental threat?","authors":"Guilhem Conquet, Lokman Galal, Nicolas Martel, Chrislène Laurens, Christian Carrière, Sylvain Godreuil, Chloé Dupont","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae284","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae284","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesc Escrihuela-Vidal, Cristina Chico, Beatriz Borjabad González, Daniel Vázquez Sánchez, Ana Lérida, Elisa De Blas Escudero, Montserrat Sanmartí, Laura Linares González, Antonella F Simonetti, Ana Coloma Conde, Magdalena Muelas-Fernandez, Vicens Diaz-Brito, Sara Gertrudis Horna Quintana, Isabel Oriol, Damaris Berbel, Jordi Càmara, Sara Grillo, Miquel Pujol, Guillermo Cuervo, Jordi Carratalà
Background: Although a significant number of cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) are managed at non-referral community hospitals, the impact of a bundle-of-care intervention in this setting has not yet been explored.
Methods: We performed a quasi-experimental before-after study with the implementation of a bundle of care for the management of SAB at five non-referral community hospitals and a tertiary care university hospital. Structured recommendations for the five indicators selected to assess quality of care were provided to investigators before the implementation of the bundle and monthly thereafter. Primary endpoints were adherence to the bundle intervention and treatment failure, defined as death or relapse at 90 days of follow-up.
Results: One hundred and seventy patients were included in the pre-intervention period and 103 in the intervention period. Patient characteristics were similar in both periods. Multivariate analysis controlling for potential confounders showed that performance of echocardiography was the only factor associated with improved adherence to the bundle in the intervention period (adjusted OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.13-4.02). Adherence to the bundle, performance of follow-up blood cultures, and adequate duration of antibiotic therapy for complicated SAB presented non-significant improvements. The intervention was not associated with a lower rate of 90 day treatment failure (OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.70-1.77).
Conclusions: A bundle-of-care intervention for the management of SAB at non-referral community hospitals increased adherence to quality indicators, but did not significantly reduce rates of 90 day mortality or relapse.
背景:尽管大量的金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症(SAB)病例是在非转诊社区医院处理的,但捆绑式护理干预在这种情况下的影响尚未得到探讨:我们在五家非转诊社区医院和一家三级护理大学医院开展了一项关于 SAB 管理捆绑护理实施前后的准实验性研究。在实施捆绑式护理之前和之后的每个月,调查人员都会收到为评估护理质量而选择的五项指标的结构化建议。主要终点是坚持捆绑干预和治疗失败,治疗失败的定义是随访90天后死亡或复发:结果:170 名患者被纳入干预前阶段,103 名被纳入干预阶段。两个时期的患者特征相似。控制潜在混杂因素的多变量分析表明,超声心动图检查结果是唯一与干预期更好地坚持捆绑治疗相关的因素(调整后 OR 2.13;95% CI 1.13-4.02)。干预期间,在坚持捆绑治疗、进行随访血培养以及对并发症 SAB 进行充分的抗生素治疗等方面均无明显改善。干预措施与降低90天治疗失败率无关(OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.70-1.77):在非转诊社区医院对SAB进行捆绑式护理干预可提高对质量指标的依从性,但并不能显著降低90天死亡率或复发率。
{"title":"Effect of a bundle intervention on adherence to quality-of-care indicators and on clinical outcomes in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia hospitalized in non-referral community hospitals.","authors":"Francesc Escrihuela-Vidal, Cristina Chico, Beatriz Borjabad González, Daniel Vázquez Sánchez, Ana Lérida, Elisa De Blas Escudero, Montserrat Sanmartí, Laura Linares González, Antonella F Simonetti, Ana Coloma Conde, Magdalena Muelas-Fernandez, Vicens Diaz-Brito, Sara Gertrudis Horna Quintana, Isabel Oriol, Damaris Berbel, Jordi Càmara, Sara Grillo, Miquel Pujol, Guillermo Cuervo, Jordi Carratalà","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae298","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although a significant number of cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) are managed at non-referral community hospitals, the impact of a bundle-of-care intervention in this setting has not yet been explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a quasi-experimental before-after study with the implementation of a bundle of care for the management of SAB at five non-referral community hospitals and a tertiary care university hospital. Structured recommendations for the five indicators selected to assess quality of care were provided to investigators before the implementation of the bundle and monthly thereafter. Primary endpoints were adherence to the bundle intervention and treatment failure, defined as death or relapse at 90 days of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and seventy patients were included in the pre-intervention period and 103 in the intervention period. Patient characteristics were similar in both periods. Multivariate analysis controlling for potential confounders showed that performance of echocardiography was the only factor associated with improved adherence to the bundle in the intervention period (adjusted OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.13-4.02). Adherence to the bundle, performance of follow-up blood cultures, and adequate duration of antibiotic therapy for complicated SAB presented non-significant improvements. The intervention was not associated with a lower rate of 90 day treatment failure (OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.70-1.77).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A bundle-of-care intervention for the management of SAB at non-referral community hospitals increased adherence to quality indicators, but did not significantly reduce rates of 90 day mortality or relapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mayram Hacioglu, Fatima Nur Yilmaz, Hande Ipek Yetke, Ebru Haciosmanoglu-Aldogan
Background: Candida albicans can form polymicrobial biofilms with other microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, at infection sites.
Objectives: As biofilms are highly resistant to antibiotics there is a need for new antibiofilm agents that have unique targets and modes of action.
Methods: In this study the antibiofilm effects of two quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs), farnesol and tyrosol, were investigated alone and in combination with antibiotics (aztreonam, colistin, tobramycin) and antifungals (fluconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin), against single- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and P. aeruginosa in in vitro and in vivo systems.
Results: It was observed that QSMs alone, especially farnesol, showed at least a 1-log reduction against preformed single- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and P. aeruginosa. Combination of QSMs with colistin or fluconazole was found to be effective against both single- and dual-species biofilms in vitro. Increased survival was observed in C. elegans when treated with colistin or fluconazole in combination with QSMs, compared with no treatment. Additionally, the QSMs and colistin and farnesol combinations effectively inhibited biofilm formation by C. albicans and P. aeruginosa on bronchial epithelial cells, and reduced IL-1β expression in lung bronchial epithelial cells.
Conclusions: There is a need for effective treatments for bacterial-fungal biofilm infections and, to our knowledge, there have been no studies of QSMs and antimicrobial combinations against dual-species biofilms involving C. albicans and P. aeruginosa. Hence these findings will make a significant contribution to the literature.
{"title":"Synergistic effects of quorum-sensing molecules and antimicrobials against Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: in vitro and in vivo studies.","authors":"Mayram Hacioglu, Fatima Nur Yilmaz, Hande Ipek Yetke, Ebru Haciosmanoglu-Aldogan","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae293","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Candida albicans can form polymicrobial biofilms with other microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, at infection sites.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>As biofilms are highly resistant to antibiotics there is a need for new antibiofilm agents that have unique targets and modes of action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study the antibiofilm effects of two quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs), farnesol and tyrosol, were investigated alone and in combination with antibiotics (aztreonam, colistin, tobramycin) and antifungals (fluconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin), against single- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and P. aeruginosa in in vitro and in vivo systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was observed that QSMs alone, especially farnesol, showed at least a 1-log reduction against preformed single- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and P. aeruginosa. Combination of QSMs with colistin or fluconazole was found to be effective against both single- and dual-species biofilms in vitro. Increased survival was observed in C. elegans when treated with colistin or fluconazole in combination with QSMs, compared with no treatment. Additionally, the QSMs and colistin and farnesol combinations effectively inhibited biofilm formation by C. albicans and P. aeruginosa on bronchial epithelial cells, and reduced IL-1β expression in lung bronchial epithelial cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a need for effective treatments for bacterial-fungal biofilm infections and, to our knowledge, there have been no studies of QSMs and antimicrobial combinations against dual-species biofilms involving C. albicans and P. aeruginosa. Hence these findings will make a significant contribution to the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecka Widerström, Mia Aarris, Susanne Jacobsson, Marc Stegger, Bo Söderquist, Emeli Månsson
Background: There are limited treatment options for prosthetic joint infections (PJI) due to multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MDRSE). Fosfomycin (FOF) has gained attention as a potential therapy, but there is a paucity of information on the phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility amongst S. epidermidis, including MDRSE.
Objectives: To investigate phenotypical and genotypical susceptibility to FOF in S. epidermidis isolates prospectively collected from PJIs in Sweden.
Methods: MIC determination was performed using in-house agar dilution (AD) and a commercial AD panel. Genes and gene variants associated with FOF resistance were analysed.
Results: Multidrug resistance was common [74/89 (83%) isolates were MDRSE].FOF inhibited all isolates except one, which had an MIC > 256 mg/L. The commercial AD panel demonstrated good overall performance but tended to overestimate the MIC, resulting in 84% essential agreement with the gold standard. Genomic analysis with publically available tools for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data suggested genotypic FOF resistance in all isolates, but in-depth analysis revealed that fosB, associated with FOF resistance, was only present in the phenotypically resistant isolate. No other genes or gene variants associated with FOF resistance were detected.
Conclusions: Phenotypic resistance to FOF and presence of fosB were rare in this collection, indicating FOF's potential as a treatment option for S. epidermidis. The commercial AD panel demonstrated high reproducibility, but EA with the reference method was less than optimal. Findings of genotypic FOF resistance using common tools for WGS data should be critically evaluated and appropriately verified with relevant fosB references for S. epidermidis.
{"title":"Probing fosfomycin's potential: a study on susceptibility testing and resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis from prosthetic joint infections.","authors":"Rebecka Widerström, Mia Aarris, Susanne Jacobsson, Marc Stegger, Bo Söderquist, Emeli Månsson","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae312","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jac/dkae312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are limited treatment options for prosthetic joint infections (PJI) due to multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MDRSE). Fosfomycin (FOF) has gained attention as a potential therapy, but there is a paucity of information on the phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility amongst S. epidermidis, including MDRSE.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate phenotypical and genotypical susceptibility to FOF in S. epidermidis isolates prospectively collected from PJIs in Sweden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MIC determination was performed using in-house agar dilution (AD) and a commercial AD panel. Genes and gene variants associated with FOF resistance were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multidrug resistance was common [74/89 (83%) isolates were MDRSE].FOF inhibited all isolates except one, which had an MIC > 256 mg/L. The commercial AD panel demonstrated good overall performance but tended to overestimate the MIC, resulting in 84% essential agreement with the gold standard. Genomic analysis with publically available tools for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data suggested genotypic FOF resistance in all isolates, but in-depth analysis revealed that fosB, associated with FOF resistance, was only present in the phenotypically resistant isolate. No other genes or gene variants associated with FOF resistance were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Phenotypic resistance to FOF and presence of fosB were rare in this collection, indicating FOF's potential as a treatment option for S. epidermidis. The commercial AD panel demonstrated high reproducibility, but EA with the reference method was less than optimal. Findings of genotypic FOF resistance using common tools for WGS data should be critically evaluated and appropriately verified with relevant fosB references for S. epidermidis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew J Fratoni, Alissa M Padgett, Erin M Duffy, David P Nicolau
Background: Preclinical murine infection models lack inter-laboratory uniformity, complicating result comparisons and data reproducibility. The European Innovative Medicines initiative-funded consortium (COMBINE) has developed a standardized murine neutropenic pneumonia protocol to address these concerns. While model methods have been standardized, a major obstacle to consistent results is the lack of available bacteria with defined viability and variability. Herein, we establish a diverse challenge set of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa suitable for use in the COMBINE protocol to further minimize experimental inconsistency and improve the interpretability of data generated among differing laboratories.
Materials and methods: Sixty-six K. pneumoniae and 65 P. aeruginosa were phenotypically profiled against tigecycline (K. pneumoniae only), levofloxacin, meropenem, cefiderocol and tobramycin. Fifty-nine isolates were introduced into the COMBINE model to assess the sufficiency of the starting bacterial inoculation, resultant baseline bacterial burden, achievement of ≥1 log10cfu/lung growth at 24 h, time to and percentage mortality. Forty-five isolates displaying desirable minimum inhibitory concentration profiles were subjected to replicate in vivo testing to assess target parameters.
Results: 83% of K. pneumoniae reached the prerequisite growth at 24 h using a starting bacterial burden ≥7 log10cfu/lung. P. aeruginosa isolates grew well in the model: 90% achieved the growth target with a starting bacterial burden of 6 log10cfu/lung. Mortality was negligible for K. pneumoniae but high for P. aeruginosa. Poor or inconsistent achievement of the 24 h growth target was seen in 11/59 isolates.
Conclusions: With this diverse cache of viable isolates established in the COMBINE pneumonia model, future translational studies can be undertaken to set efficacy benchmarks among laboratories.
{"title":"Establishment of a diverse pheno-genotypic challenge set of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa suitable for use in the murine pneumonia model.","authors":"Andrew J Fratoni, Alissa M Padgett, Erin M Duffy, David P Nicolau","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkae388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preclinical murine infection models lack inter-laboratory uniformity, complicating result comparisons and data reproducibility. The European Innovative Medicines initiative-funded consortium (COMBINE) has developed a standardized murine neutropenic pneumonia protocol to address these concerns. While model methods have been standardized, a major obstacle to consistent results is the lack of available bacteria with defined viability and variability. Herein, we establish a diverse challenge set of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa suitable for use in the COMBINE protocol to further minimize experimental inconsistency and improve the interpretability of data generated among differing laboratories.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty-six K. pneumoniae and 65 P. aeruginosa were phenotypically profiled against tigecycline (K. pneumoniae only), levofloxacin, meropenem, cefiderocol and tobramycin. Fifty-nine isolates were introduced into the COMBINE model to assess the sufficiency of the starting bacterial inoculation, resultant baseline bacterial burden, achievement of ≥1 log10cfu/lung growth at 24 h, time to and percentage mortality. Forty-five isolates displaying desirable minimum inhibitory concentration profiles were subjected to replicate in vivo testing to assess target parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>83% of K. pneumoniae reached the prerequisite growth at 24 h using a starting bacterial burden ≥7 log10cfu/lung. P. aeruginosa isolates grew well in the model: 90% achieved the growth target with a starting bacterial burden of 6 log10cfu/lung. Mortality was negligible for K. pneumoniae but high for P. aeruginosa. Poor or inconsistent achievement of the 24 h growth target was seen in 11/59 isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With this diverse cache of viable isolates established in the COMBINE pneumonia model, future translational studies can be undertaken to set efficacy benchmarks among laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended for posaconazole to achieve target concentrations of ≥0.7 mg/L and ≥1.0 mg/L for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infection (IFI), respectively. However, target attainment is challenging with the oral suspension, particularly in children. Here, we describe our experience using crushed delayed-release tablet (DRT) in a paediatric cohort, with a focus on TDM.
Methods: We undertook a retrospective audit of crushed posaconazole DRT administration via enteral feeding tubes (EFTs) for patients aged ≤18 years over 18 months at The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne who had at least one trough concentration measured at steady state. Details of patient demographics, posaconazole dosing, monitoring and adverse effects were recorded.
Results: Twelve patients with a median age of 9 years (range 2 to 14) received posaconazole DRT via EFT for prophylaxis (n = 8) or treatment (n = 4). All children achieved target concentration, with a median dose of 7 mg/kg/day (range 5 to 11) for prophylaxis and 13 mg/kg/day (range 9 to 20) for treatment. The median time to reach therapeutic levels was 7 days (range 5 to 14) for prophylaxis and 20 days (range 15 to 35) for treatment. One child had blockage of their EFT, which was attributed to posaconazole. No other adverse effects were observed.
Conclusions: Crushed posaconazole DRT administered via EFT may be used as a method of attaining therapeutic posaconazole concentrations in children for antifungal prophylaxis and treatment.
{"title":"Crushed posaconazole delayed-release tablets for antifungal prophylaxis and treatment in children.","authors":"Heather Weerdenburg, Amanda Gwee, Gabrielle M Haeusler, Joshua Osowicki, Alison Boast","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkae373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended for posaconazole to achieve target concentrations of ≥0.7 mg/L and ≥1.0 mg/L for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infection (IFI), respectively. However, target attainment is challenging with the oral suspension, particularly in children. Here, we describe our experience using crushed delayed-release tablet (DRT) in a paediatric cohort, with a focus on TDM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We undertook a retrospective audit of crushed posaconazole DRT administration via enteral feeding tubes (EFTs) for patients aged ≤18 years over 18 months at The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne who had at least one trough concentration measured at steady state. Details of patient demographics, posaconazole dosing, monitoring and adverse effects were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve patients with a median age of 9 years (range 2 to 14) received posaconazole DRT via EFT for prophylaxis (n = 8) or treatment (n = 4). All children achieved target concentration, with a median dose of 7 mg/kg/day (range 5 to 11) for prophylaxis and 13 mg/kg/day (range 9 to 20) for treatment. The median time to reach therapeutic levels was 7 days (range 5 to 14) for prophylaxis and 20 days (range 15 to 35) for treatment. One child had blockage of their EFT, which was attributed to posaconazole. No other adverse effects were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Crushed posaconazole DRT administered via EFT may be used as a method of attaining therapeutic posaconazole concentrations in children for antifungal prophylaxis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arturo Ciccullo, Gianmaria Baldin, Adriana Cervo, Davide Moschese, Filippo Lagi, Maria Vittoria Cossu, Alessandro Grimaldi, Andrea Giacomelli, Stefano Rusconi, Gaetana Sterrantino, Alberto Borghetti, Spinello Antinori, Cristina Mussini, Simona Di Giambenedetto
Objectives: We compared the effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (BIC/FTC/TAF) and dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG + 3TC) in our cohort of treatment-naive people with HIV (PWH).
Methods: In a multicentre cohort of treatment-naive PWH starting a first-line regimen with either dolutegravir plus lamivudine or BIC/FTC/TAF, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate time to virological failure (VF) and time to treatment discontinuation (TD), whereas Cox regression was used to evaluate predictors of VF and TD. Changes in CD4+ cell count were assessed via non-parametric tests, and linear regression analyses were performed to explore predictors of CD4+ cell count changes.
Results: One hundred and seventy individuals were included: 66 started dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG group) and 104 started BIC/FTC/TAF (BIC group). During follow-up, we observed two VFs in the DTG group [1.7 per 100 person-years of follow-up (PYFU)] and two in the BIC group (1.7 per 100 PYFU). Estimated probability of remaining free from VF at Week 144 was 95.9% in the DTG group and 95.2% in the BIC group (log-rank P = 0.955). Four TDs were observed in the DTG group (3.4 per 100 PYFU) and 21 in the BIC group (17.6 per 100 PYFU). Estimated probability of maintaining the study regimen at Week 144 was 90.3% in the DTG group and 70.0% in the BIC group; individuals in the BIC group had a higher probability of TD (log-rank P = 0.003). In both groups, the CD4+ count improved significantly during follow-up.
Conclusions: Our study shows that both strategies are effective and safe, with few VFs and TDs due to tolerability issues.
{"title":"Comparing the long-term effectiveness and safety of dolutegravir/lamivudine versus bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate as first-line regimens: a real life multicentre cohort.","authors":"Arturo Ciccullo, Gianmaria Baldin, Adriana Cervo, Davide Moschese, Filippo Lagi, Maria Vittoria Cossu, Alessandro Grimaldi, Andrea Giacomelli, Stefano Rusconi, Gaetana Sterrantino, Alberto Borghetti, Spinello Antinori, Cristina Mussini, Simona Di Giambenedetto","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkae392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We compared the effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (BIC/FTC/TAF) and dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG + 3TC) in our cohort of treatment-naive people with HIV (PWH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a multicentre cohort of treatment-naive PWH starting a first-line regimen with either dolutegravir plus lamivudine or BIC/FTC/TAF, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate time to virological failure (VF) and time to treatment discontinuation (TD), whereas Cox regression was used to evaluate predictors of VF and TD. Changes in CD4+ cell count were assessed via non-parametric tests, and linear regression analyses were performed to explore predictors of CD4+ cell count changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and seventy individuals were included: 66 started dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG group) and 104 started BIC/FTC/TAF (BIC group). During follow-up, we observed two VFs in the DTG group [1.7 per 100 person-years of follow-up (PYFU)] and two in the BIC group (1.7 per 100 PYFU). Estimated probability of remaining free from VF at Week 144 was 95.9% in the DTG group and 95.2% in the BIC group (log-rank P = 0.955). Four TDs were observed in the DTG group (3.4 per 100 PYFU) and 21 in the BIC group (17.6 per 100 PYFU). Estimated probability of maintaining the study regimen at Week 144 was 90.3% in the DTG group and 70.0% in the BIC group; individuals in the BIC group had a higher probability of TD (log-rank P = 0.003). In both groups, the CD4+ count improved significantly during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study shows that both strategies are effective and safe, with few VFs and TDs due to tolerability issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}