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Synergistic effects of quorum-sensing molecules and antimicrobials against Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: in vitro and in vivo studies. 法定人数感应分子和抗菌剂对白色念珠菌和铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的协同作用:体外和体内研究。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae293
Mayram Hacioglu, Fatima Nur Yilmaz, Hande Ipek Yetke, Ebru Haciosmanoglu-Aldogan

Background: Candida albicans can form polymicrobial biofilms with other microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, at infection sites.

Objectives: As biofilms are highly resistant to antibiotics there is a need for new antibiofilm agents that have unique targets and modes of action.

Methods: In this study the antibiofilm effects of two quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs), farnesol and tyrosol, were investigated alone and in combination with antibiotics (aztreonam, colistin, tobramycin) and antifungals (fluconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin), against single- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and P. aeruginosa in in vitro and in vivo systems.

Results: It was observed that QSMs alone, especially farnesol, showed at least a 1-log reduction against preformed single- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and P. aeruginosa. Combination of QSMs with colistin or fluconazole was found to be effective against both single- and dual-species biofilms in vitro. Increased survival was observed in C. elegans when treated with colistin or fluconazole in combination with QSMs, compared with no treatment. Additionally, the QSMs and colistin and farnesol combinations effectively inhibited biofilm formation by C. albicans and P. aeruginosa on bronchial epithelial cells, and reduced IL-1β expression in lung bronchial epithelial cells.

Conclusions: There is a need for effective treatments for bacterial-fungal biofilm infections and, to our knowledge, there have been no studies of QSMs and antimicrobial combinations against dual-species biofilms involving C. albicans and P. aeruginosa. Hence these findings will make a significant contribution to the literature.

背景:白色念珠菌可在感染部位与铜绿假单胞菌等其他微生物形成多微生物生物膜:由于生物膜对抗生素具有高度耐药性,因此需要具有独特靶点和作用模式的新型抗生物膜药物:方法:本研究在体外和体内系统中研究了两种法定量感应分子(QSMs)--法呢醇和酪醇--单独或与抗生素(阿曲南、可乐定、妥布霉素)和抗真菌药(氟康唑、两性霉素B、卡泊芬净)联用对白僵菌和铜绿假单胞菌单种和双种生物膜的抗生物膜作用:结果:观察发现,单独使用 QSMs,尤其是法尼醇,对预先形成的白僵菌和铜绿假单胞菌单种和双种生物膜的抑制作用至少降低 1 个菌落。在体外将 QSMs 与可乐定或氟康唑结合使用,对单种和双种生物膜均有效。与不使用 QSMs 的情况相比,在使用可乐定或氟康唑与 QSMs 联合治疗时,可乐菌的存活率有所提高。此外,QSMs 和可乐定与法尼醇的组合能有效抑制支气管上皮细胞上白僵菌和铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的形成,并减少肺支气管上皮细胞中 IL-1β 的表达:据我们所知,目前还没有针对涉及白僵菌和铜绿假单胞菌的双种生物膜的 QSMs 和抗菌药组合研究。因此,这些研究结果将为相关文献做出重大贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Probing fosfomycin's potential: a study on susceptibility testing and resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis from prosthetic joint infections. 探索磷霉素的潜力:假体关节感染中表皮葡萄球菌的药敏试验和耐药性研究。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae312
Rebecka Widerström, Mia Aarris, Susanne Jacobsson, Marc Stegger, Bo Söderquist, Emeli Månsson

Background: There are limited treatment options for prosthetic joint infections (PJI) due to multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MDRSE). Fosfomycin (FOF) has gained attention as a potential therapy, but there is a paucity of information on the phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility amongst S. epidermidis, including MDRSE.

Objectives: To investigate phenotypical and genotypical susceptibility to FOF in S. epidermidis isolates prospectively collected from PJIs in Sweden.

Methods: MIC determination was performed using in-house agar dilution (AD) and a commercial AD panel. Genes and gene variants associated with FOF resistance were analysed.

Results: Multidrug resistance was common [74/89 (83%) isolates were MDRSE].FOF inhibited all isolates except one, which had an MIC > 256 mg/L. The commercial AD panel demonstrated good overall performance but tended to overestimate the MIC, resulting in 84% essential agreement with the gold standard. Genomic analysis with publically available tools for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data suggested genotypic FOF resistance in all isolates, but in-depth analysis revealed that fosB, associated with FOF resistance, was only present in the phenotypically resistant isolate. No other genes or gene variants associated with FOF resistance were detected.

Conclusions: Phenotypic resistance to FOF and presence of fosB were rare in this collection, indicating FOF's potential as a treatment option for S. epidermidis. The commercial AD panel demonstrated high reproducibility, but EA with the reference method was less than optimal. Findings of genotypic FOF resistance using common tools for WGS data should be critically evaluated and appropriately verified with relevant fosB references for S. epidermidis.

背景:对于由耐多药表皮葡萄球菌(MDRSE)引起的人工关节感染(PJI),目前的治疗方案十分有限。磷霉素(FOF)作为一种潜在的治疗方法已受到关注,但有关表皮葡萄球菌(包括 MDRSE)的表型和基因型敏感性的信息却很少:调查瑞典前瞻性收集的表皮葡萄球菌分离株对 FOF 的表型和基因型敏感性:方法:使用内部琼脂稀释法(AD)和商业 AD 面板测定 MIC。分析了与 FOF 耐药性相关的基因和基因变异:FOF对所有分离株都有抑制作用,只有一种分离株除外,该分离株的MIC大于256 mg/L。商业 AD 检验小组的整体表现良好,但往往会高估 MIC,结果与金标准的基本一致率为 84%。利用全基因组测序(WGS)数据的公开工具进行的基因组分析表明,所有分离物都具有基因型 FOF 耐药性,但深入分析发现,与 FOF 耐药性相关的 fosB 只存在于表型耐药性分离物中。没有检测到与 FOF 抗性相关的其他基因或基因变异:结论:对 FOF 的表型耐药性和 fosB 的存在在该菌种中很少见,这表明 FOF 有可能成为治疗表皮葡萄球菌的一种选择。商品化的 AD 检测板具有很高的可重复性,但与参考方法相比,EA 的效果并不理想。使用 WGS 数据通用工具得出的 FOF 基因型耐药性结果应进行严格评估,并与表皮葡萄球菌的相关 fosB 参考文献进行适当验证。
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引用次数: 0
Establishment of a diverse pheno-genotypic challenge set of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa suitable for use in the murine pneumonia model. 建立适用于鼠肺炎模型的肺炎克雷伯氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌的多种表型挑战集。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae388
Andrew J Fratoni, Alissa M Padgett, Erin M Duffy, David P Nicolau

Background: Preclinical murine infection models lack inter-laboratory uniformity, complicating result comparisons and data reproducibility. The European Innovative Medicines initiative-funded consortium (COMBINE) has developed a standardized murine neutropenic pneumonia protocol to address these concerns. While model methods have been standardized, a major obstacle to consistent results is the lack of available bacteria with defined viability and variability. Herein, we establish a diverse challenge set of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa suitable for use in the COMBINE protocol to further minimize experimental inconsistency and improve the interpretability of data generated among differing laboratories.

Materials and methods: Sixty-six K. pneumoniae and 65 P. aeruginosa were phenotypically profiled against tigecycline (K. pneumoniae only), levofloxacin, meropenem, cefiderocol and tobramycin. Fifty-nine isolates were introduced into the COMBINE model to assess the sufficiency of the starting bacterial inoculation, resultant baseline bacterial burden, achievement of ≥1 log10cfu/lung growth at 24 h, time to and percentage mortality. Forty-five isolates displaying desirable minimum inhibitory concentration profiles were subjected to replicate in vivo testing to assess target parameters.

Results: 83% of K. pneumoniae reached the prerequisite growth at 24 h using a starting bacterial burden ≥7 log10cfu/lung. P. aeruginosa isolates grew well in the model: 90% achieved the growth target with a starting bacterial burden of 6 log10cfu/lung. Mortality was negligible for K. pneumoniae but high for P. aeruginosa. Poor or inconsistent achievement of the 24 h growth target was seen in 11/59 isolates.

Conclusions: With this diverse cache of viable isolates established in the COMBINE pneumonia model, future translational studies can be undertaken to set efficacy benchmarks among laboratories.

背景:临床前小鼠感染模型缺乏实验室间的统一性,导致结果比较和数据可重复性变得复杂。欧洲创新药物倡议资助的联盟(COMBINE)制定了标准化的小鼠中性肺炎方案,以解决这些问题。虽然模型方法已经标准化,但结果一致性的一个主要障碍是缺乏具有明确活力和变异性的可用细菌。在此,我们建立了一套适用于 COMBINE 方案的肺炎克雷伯氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌的多样化挑战集,以进一步减少实验的不一致性,并提高不同实验室生成的数据的可解释性:对 66 株肺炎克雷伯菌和 65 株铜绿假单胞菌进行了表型分析,分析了它们对替加环素(仅肺炎克雷伯菌)、左氧氟沙星、美罗培南、头孢克肟和妥布霉素的耐药性。将 59 个分离株引入 COMBINE 模型,以评估起始细菌接种的充分性、由此产生的基线细菌负荷、24 小时内达到≥1 log10cfu/lung 的生长量、死亡时间和死亡率百分比。对 45 个显示出理想最低抑菌浓度曲线的分离物进行了重复体内试验,以评估目标参数:结果:在起始细菌负荷≥7 log10cfu/肺时,83%的肺炎克氏菌在 24 小时内达到了生长要求。铜绿假单胞菌在模型中生长良好:在起始细菌量为 6 log10cfu/肺时,90% 的分离物达到了生长目标。肺炎克氏菌的死亡率可以忽略不计,但铜绿假单胞菌的死亡率很高。有 11/59 个分离株的 24 小时生长目标达标率较低或不一致:结论:通过在 COMBINE 肺炎模型中建立的可存活分离株的多样性,未来的转化研究可以在实验室之间建立疗效基准。
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引用次数: 0
Crushed posaconazole delayed-release tablets for antifungal prophylaxis and treatment in children. 用于儿童抗真菌预防和治疗的泊沙康唑缓释碎片。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae373
Heather Weerdenburg, Amanda Gwee, Gabrielle M Haeusler, Joshua Osowicki, Alison Boast

Objectives: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended for posaconazole to achieve target concentrations of ≥0.7 mg/L and ≥1.0 mg/L for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infection (IFI), respectively. However, target attainment is challenging with the oral suspension, particularly in children. Here, we describe our experience using crushed delayed-release tablet (DRT) in a paediatric cohort, with a focus on TDM.

Methods: We undertook a retrospective audit of crushed posaconazole DRT administration via enteral feeding tubes (EFTs) for patients aged ≤18 years over 18 months at The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne who had at least one trough concentration measured at steady state. Details of patient demographics, posaconazole dosing, monitoring and adverse effects were recorded.

Results: Twelve patients with a median age of 9 years (range 2 to 14) received posaconazole DRT via EFT for prophylaxis (n = 8) or treatment (n = 4). All children achieved target concentration, with a median dose of 7 mg/kg/day (range 5 to 11) for prophylaxis and 13 mg/kg/day (range 9 to 20) for treatment. The median time to reach therapeutic levels was 7 days (range 5 to 14) for prophylaxis and 20 days (range 15 to 35) for treatment. One child had blockage of their EFT, which was attributed to posaconazole. No other adverse effects were observed.

Conclusions: Crushed posaconazole DRT administered via EFT may be used as a method of attaining therapeutic posaconazole concentrations in children for antifungal prophylaxis and treatment.

目标:建议对泊沙康唑进行治疗药物监测(TDM),使其目标浓度分别达到≥0.7 mg/L和≥1.0 mg/L,以预防和治疗侵袭性真菌感染(IFI)。然而,口服混悬液很难达到目标,尤其是儿童。在此,我们介绍了在儿科人群中使用压片型缓释片(DRT)的经验,重点是 TDM:我们对墨尔本皇家儿童医院 18 个月来通过肠饲管(EFT)给药的粉碎型泊沙康唑 DRT 进行了回顾性审核,这些患者的年龄均小于 18 岁,且至少在稳态时测得过一次谷浓度。记录了患者人口统计学、泊沙康唑用药、监测和不良反应的详细信息:12名中位数年龄为9岁(2至14岁)的患者通过EFT接受了泊沙康唑DRT预防(8人)或治疗(4人)。所有儿童都达到了目标浓度,预防用药的中位剂量为 7 毫克/千克/天(5 至 11 毫克/千克/天),治疗用药的中位剂量为 13 毫克/千克/天(9 至 20 毫克/千克/天)。预防用药达到治疗水平的中位时间为 7 天(5 到 14 天不等),治疗用药为 20 天(15 到 35 天不等)。有一名患儿的 EFT 出现阻塞,这应归咎于泊沙康唑。未观察到其他不良反应:通过 EFT 给药粉碎的泊沙康唑 DRT 可作为一种达到治疗浓度的方法,用于儿童的抗真菌预防和治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing the long-term effectiveness and safety of dolutegravir/lamivudine versus bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate as first-line regimens: a real life multicentre cohort. 比较多鲁曲韦/拉米夫定与比特拉韦/恩曲他滨/富马酸替诺福韦阿拉非酰胺作为一线治疗方案的长期有效性和安全性:一个真实的多中心队列。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae392
Arturo Ciccullo, Gianmaria Baldin, Adriana Cervo, Davide Moschese, Filippo Lagi, Maria Vittoria Cossu, Alessandro Grimaldi, Andrea Giacomelli, Stefano Rusconi, Gaetana Sterrantino, Alberto Borghetti, Spinello Antinori, Cristina Mussini, Simona Di Giambenedetto

Objectives: We compared the effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (BIC/FTC/TAF) and dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG + 3TC) in our cohort of treatment-naive people with HIV (PWH).

Methods: In a multicentre cohort of treatment-naive PWH starting a first-line regimen with either dolutegravir plus lamivudine or BIC/FTC/TAF, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate time to virological failure (VF) and time to treatment discontinuation (TD), whereas Cox regression was used to evaluate predictors of VF and TD. Changes in CD4+ cell count were assessed via non-parametric tests, and linear regression analyses were performed to explore predictors of CD4+ cell count changes.

Results: One hundred and seventy individuals were included: 66 started dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG group) and 104 started BIC/FTC/TAF (BIC group). During follow-up, we observed two VFs in the DTG group [1.7 per 100 person-years of follow-up (PYFU)] and two in the BIC group (1.7 per 100 PYFU). Estimated probability of remaining free from VF at Week 144 was 95.9% in the DTG group and 95.2% in the BIC group (log-rank P = 0.955). Four TDs were observed in the DTG group (3.4 per 100 PYFU) and 21 in the BIC group (17.6 per 100 PYFU). Estimated probability of maintaining the study regimen at Week 144 was 90.3% in the DTG group and 70.0% in the BIC group; individuals in the BIC group had a higher probability of TD (log-rank P = 0.003). In both groups, the CD4+ count improved significantly during follow-up.

Conclusions: Our study shows that both strategies are effective and safe, with few VFs and TDs due to tolerability issues.

研究目的我们比较了富马酸比特拉韦/恩曲他滨/替诺福韦阿拉非酰胺(BIC/FTC/TAF)和多替拉韦加拉米夫定(DTG + 3TC)在我们的艾滋病病毒感染者(PWH)队列中的有效性和安全性:在开始使用多罗替拉韦+拉米夫定或BIC/FTC/TAF一线治疗方案的多中心队列中,采用卡普兰-米尔生存分析法估算病毒学失败(VF)时间和终止治疗(TD)时间,并采用Cox回归法评估VF和TD的预测因素。CD4+细胞计数的变化通过非参数检验进行评估,并进行线性回归分析以探索CD4+细胞计数变化的预测因素:结果:共纳入 170 人:66人开始接受多鲁特韦加拉米夫定治疗(DTG组),104人开始接受BIC/FTC/TAF治疗(BIC组)。在随访期间,我们在 DTG 组观察到 2 例 VF [每 100 人随访年(PYFU)1.7 例],在 BIC 组观察到 2 例 VF [每 100 人随访年(PYFU)1.7 例]。在第 144 周时,DTG 组和 BIC 组保持无 VF 的估计概率分别为 95.9% 和 95.2%(对数秩 P = 0.955)。在 DTG 组观察到 4 例 TD(每 100 个 PYFU 3.4 例),在 BIC 组观察到 21 例 TD(每 100 个 PYFU 17.6 例)。在第 144 周时,DTG 组维持研究方案的估计概率为 90.3%,BIC 组为 70.0%;BIC 组的 TD 概率更高(对数秩 P = 0.003)。两组患者的 CD4+ 细胞数在随访期间均有明显改善:我们的研究表明,这两种策略都是有效和安全的,由于耐受性问题导致的VF和TD都很少。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical outcomes and the impact of treatment modalities in children with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections: a retrospective cohort study from a tertiary university hospital. 耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌血流感染患儿的临床疗效和治疗方法的影响:来自一家三级大学医院的回顾性队列研究。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae387
Gulhadiye Avcu, Ece Erci, Nimet Melis Bilen, Irem Ersayoglu, Gulcihan Ozek, Ulgen Celtik, Demet Terek, Feriha Cilli, Zumrut Sahbudak Bal

Background: The increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections among children represents a significant global concern, leading to elevated mortality rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors, outcomes, 30-day mortality rates and contributing factors in children with CRE bloodstream infections (CRE-BSIs).

Methods: Data regarding demographic characteristics, treatment approaches and outcomes of hospitalized children aged 0-18 years diagnosed with CRE-BSIs between January 2018 and December 2022 were extracted from medical records. Mortality within 30 days of diagnosis and the predictive factors were analysed.

Results: A total of 114 children, with a median age of 11 months (range: 6-69.5), were included. All cases of CRE-BSIs were either healthcare associated or hospital acquired and presented with at least one underlying comorbidity. A previous history of CRE colonization or infection rate was 48.2% (55/114). Klebsiella pneumoniae 87.7% (100/114) was the most frequently isolated microorganism, with a 30-day mortality rate of 14% (16/114). Multivariate analysis identified paediatric intensive care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, inotropic support and thrombocytopenia due to CRE-BSIs as the most discriminative predictors for 30-day mortality (P < 0.001). Central venous catheter (CVC) removal was associated with a reduced mortality rate (P = 0.012). High-dose prolonged infusion of MEM-based or polymyxin-based antibiotic combinations did not impact survival. Lower MEM MIC values were associated with improved survival.

Conclusions: The mortality rate of CRE-BSI is notably high in childhood. The use of antibiotic combination strategies did not demonstrate a significant impact on 30-day survival; however, the removal of CVCs was found to lower mortality rates.

背景:耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌(CRE)感染在儿童中的流行率不断上升,导致死亡率升高,是全球关注的一个重要问题。本研究旨在评估儿童CRE血流感染(CRE-BSIs)的风险因素、结果、30天死亡率和诱因:从病历中提取了2018年1月至2022年12月期间确诊为CRE-BSIs的0-18岁住院儿童的人口统计学特征、治疗方法和结果数据。分析了确诊后 30 天内的死亡率和预测因素:共纳入 114 名儿童,中位年龄为 11 个月(范围:6-69.5)。所有CRE-BSI病例均为医疗相关或医院获得性病例,并至少伴有一种潜在并发症。既往有 CRE 定植或感染史的病例占 48.2%(55/114)。肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)是最常见的分离微生物,占 87.7%(100/114),30 天死亡率为 14%(16/114)。多变量分析表明,儿科重症监护病房入院、有创机械通气、肌力支持和 CRE-BSIs 引起的血小板减少症是 30 天死亡率的最有鉴别力的预测因素(P 结论:CRE-BSI 的死亡率与儿科重症监护病房入院、有创机械通气、肌力支持和血小板减少症有关:儿童 CRE-BSI 的死亡率非常高。抗生素组合策略的使用对 30 天存活率没有显著影响;但移除 CVC 可降低死亡率。
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引用次数: 0
Global emergence of Escherichia coli with PBP3 insertions. 全球出现插入 PBP3 的大肠杆菌。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae393
Haiyan Long, Feifei Zhao, Yu Feng, Zhiyong Zong

Objectives: Escherichia coli producing metallo-β-lactamases with penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3) insertions have reduced susceptibility to aztreonam-avibactam and cefiderocol. Here, we analysed high-quality E. coli genomes for PBP3 insertions.

Methods: E. coli genomes (n = 167 518) were retrieved from EnteroBase with CheckM2 for quality control, fastANI for species confirmation, multi-locus sequencing typing for sequence type (ST) determination and AMRFinderPlus for resistance gene identification. For PBP3 insertion analysis, we used Prokka for predicting coding sequences, BLAST+ for comparing resulted protein sequences and SnpEff for annotating variants.

Results: Among the included 159 341 genomes, PBP3 insertions with 11 variants were found in 2.01% (n = 3198). The predominant variant is a duplication of 334-337 amino acids (aa) (94.75%, n = 3030), comprising YRIN (65.92%, n = 2108) and its single-aa-variant YRIK (28.83%, n = 922), followed by a similar PYRI duplication of 333-336 (4.16%, n = 133). The less common ones are a TIPY duplication of 331-334 (n = 24) and its single-aa-variant TVPY's duplication: TVVPY (n = 1), TVPYTVPY (n = 1) and TVPYPVPY (n = 1). Rare duplications include VGDR of 106-109 (n = 3), ANALNIPL of 114-121 (n = 3), AL of 567-568 (n = 1) and TG of 584-585 (n = 1). Insertion variants were detected across 62 countries on six continents, primarily in human samples, and associated with 85 STs, concentrated in high-risk clones ST410 (29.18%, n = 1923), ST167 (23.40%, n = 1740) and ST405 (10.56%, n = 1334), with 83.32% (n = 2218) encoding metallo-β-lactamase NDM.

Conclusions: Global spread of E. coli harbouring PBP3 insertion, often with NDM β-lactamase, high-risk ST410, ST167 and ST405 clones and various hosts, underscores the escalating antimicrobial resistance crisis and the urgency for a 'One Health' strategy.

目的:产生青霉素结合蛋白 3(PBP3)插入金属-β-内酰胺酶的大肠埃希菌对阿曲南-阿维菌素和头孢克肟的敏感性降低。在此,我们分析了高质量大肠杆菌基因组中的 PBP3 插入物:从 EnteroBase 中检索大肠杆菌基因组(n = 167 518),使用 CheckM2 进行质量控制,使用 fastANI 进行物种确认,使用多焦点测序分型进行序列类型 (ST) 测定,使用 AMRFinderPlus 进行耐药基因鉴定。对于 PBP3 插入分析,我们使用 Prokka 预测编码序列,使用 BLAST+ 比较结果蛋白质序列,使用 SnpEff 注释变异:在所纳入的 159 341 个基因组中,2.01%(n = 3198)的基因组发现了 11 个变体的 PBP3 插入。最主要的变异是 334-337 氨基酸(aa)的重复(94.75%,n = 3030),包括 YRIN(65.92%,n = 2108)及其单 aa 变异 YRIK(28.83%,n = 922),其次是类似的 333-336 的PYRI 重复(4.16%,n = 133)。较少见的是 331-334 的 TIPY 重复序列(n = 24)及其单 aa 变异的 TVPY 重复序列:TVVPY(n = 1)、TVPYTVPY(n = 1)和 TVPYPVPY(n = 1)。罕见的重复包括 106-109 的 VGDR(n = 3)、114-121 的 ANALNIPL(n = 3)、567-568 的 AL(n = 1)和 584-585 的 TG(n = 1)。在六大洲 62 个国家检测到插入变体,主要是在人类样本中,与 85 个 ST 相关,集中在高风险克隆 ST410(29.18%,n = 1923)、ST167(23.40%,n = 1740)和 ST405(10.56%,n = 1334),其中 83.32%(n = 2218)编码金属-β-内酰胺酶 NDM:结论:携带 PBP3 插入物的大肠杆菌在全球蔓延,通常带有 NDM β-内酰胺酶、高风险 ST410、ST167 和 ST405 克隆以及各种宿主,这凸显了抗菌药耐药性危机的升级和 "同一健康 "战略的紧迫性。
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引用次数: 0
A difficult-to-treat septic arthritis by Scedosporium apiospermum successfully treated with olorofim. 用奥罗芬成功治疗了一例难以治愈的由杏孢子虫引起的化脓性关节炎。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae386
Stephany Febles Leyva, Miriam Sierra Yuste, Nuria Bujaldón Querejeta, Carlos De La Pinta Zazo, Ana Belso Candela, Philip Wikman-Jorgensen
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引用次数: 0
Over-the-counter antibiotics compromising aminoglycoside activity. 影响氨基糖苷类药物活性的非处方抗生素。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae376
A Robertson, G Coutinho, E Mantzourani, B Szomolay, T Pillay, A Shephard, J Y Maillard

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue that needs addressing. While antibiotic stewardship has improved often by restricting antibiotic use, some antibiotics that are still sold legally over the counter (OTC), notably in sore throat medications. Recent findings suggest OTC antibiotics could trigger cross-resistance to antibiotics used in clinical treatments, whether systemic or topical. Here we investigated the impact of three antibiotics contained in OTC sore throat medicines on emerging AMR in vitro.

Methods: Bacterial pathogens were exposed to a bactericidal concentration of an aminoglycoside in the presence or absence of a during-use concentration of bacitracin, gramicidin or tyrothricin in a time-kill assay. Damage to the bacterial membrane was also investigated by measuring potassium leakage and membrane potential alteration post-OTC antibiotic exposure.

Results: Gramicidin (15 µg/mL) significantly decreased the bactericidal activity of amikacin, tobramycin or gentamicin in Acinetobacter baumannii. It also decreased gentamicin bactericidal activity in Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, while tyrothricin decreased the aminoglycoside efficacy in E. cloacae and E. coli. Gramicidin significantly decreased bacterial membrane potential and caused significant potassium leakage.

Conclusion: Gramicidin and to some extent tyrothricin impacted aminoglycoside efficacy by affecting membrane potential, which is essential for aminoglycosides uptake. Thus, some OTC antibiotics can interfere with aminoglycoside activity, which could in turn affect treatment efficacy. Although the likelihood of OTC antibiotics and aminoglycosides being used at the same time might not be common, this research highlights one potential reason for OTC antibiotics' usage to result in treatment failure and their contribution to AMR development.

导言:抗菌药耐药性(AMR)是一个需要解决的全球性问题。虽然抗生素管理通常通过限制抗生素的使用而得到改善,但一些抗生素仍在非处方药(OTC)中合法销售,特别是喉咙痛药物。最近的研究结果表明,非处方药抗生素可能会引发临床治疗中使用的抗生素(无论是全身用药还是局部用药)产生交叉耐药性。在此,我们研究了咽喉痛非处方药中所含的三种抗生素对体外新出现的 AMR 的影响:方法:在时间致死试验中,细菌病原体暴露于杀菌浓度的氨基糖苷中,同时存在或不存在使用过程中浓度的杆菌肽、革兰氏阴性菌素或酪氨酸菌素。此外,还通过测量 OTC 抗生素暴露后的钾渗漏和膜电位变化,研究了细菌膜的损伤情况:结果:麸霉素(15 µg/mL)明显降低了阿米卡星、妥布霉素或庆大霉素对鲍曼不动杆菌的杀菌活性。它还能降低庆大霉素在泄殖腔肠杆菌、大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中的杀菌活性,而酪氨酸酪脂素则能降低氨基糖苷类药物在泄殖腔肠杆菌和大肠埃希菌中的药效。gramicidin能明显降低细菌的膜电位,并导致明显的钾渗漏:结论:氨糖苷类药物的吸收离不开膜电位,而膜电位对氨糖苷类药物的药效有影响,氨霉素和酪氨酸在一定程度上影响了氨糖苷类药物的药效。因此,一些非处方药抗生素会干扰氨基糖苷的活性,进而影响治疗效果。虽然非处方药抗生素和氨基糖苷类药物同时使用的情况可能并不常见,但这项研究强调了非处方药抗生素的使用导致治疗失败的一个潜在原因,以及它们对 AMR 发展的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Bactericidal versus bacteriostatic antibacterials: clinical significance, differences and synergistic potential in clinical practice. 杀菌抗菌药与抑菌抗菌药:临床实践中的临床意义、差异和协同潜力。
IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae380
Angela Ishak, Nikolaos Mazonakis, Nikolaos Spernovasilis, Karolina Akinosoglou, Constantinos Tsioutis

Antibacterial activity can be classified as either bactericidal or bacteriostatic, using methods such as the MBC/MIC ratio and time-kill curves. However, such categorization has proven challenging in clinical practice, as these definitions only apply under specific laboratory conditions, which may differ from clinical settings. Several factors, such as the specific bacteria or infectious medium, can affect the action of antibiotics, with many antibacterials exerting both activities. These definitions have also led to the belief that bactericidal antibacterials are superior to bacteriostatic, especially in more severe cases, such as endocarditis, neutropenia and bacteraemia. Additionally, current dogma dictates against the combination of bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibacterials in clinical practice, due to potential antagonism. This review aimed to assess the differences in antibacterial activity of bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibacterials based on in vitro and in vivo studies and examine their antagonistic or synergistic effects. Our findings show that specific bacteriostatic agents, such as linezolid and tigecycline, are clinically non-inferior to bactericidals in multiple infections, including pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections, and skin and soft tissue infections. Studies also support using several bacteriostatic agents as salvage therapies in severe infections, such as neutropenic fever and endocarditis. Additionally, not all combinations of bacteriostatic and bactericidal agents appear to be antagonistic, with many combinations, such as linezolid and rifampicin, already being used. The findings should be interpreted with caution, as most evidence is from observational studies and there is a need for randomized controlled trials to assess their effectiveness and combinations, especially within the context of rising antimicrobial resistance.

使用 MBC/MIC 比率和时间杀伤曲线等方法,可将抗菌活性分为杀菌和抑菌两种。然而,临床实践证明这种分类具有挑战性,因为这些定义只适用于特定的实验室条件,而实验室条件可能与临床环境不同。特定细菌或感染介质等多种因素都会影响抗生素的作用,许多抗菌药同时具有这两种活性。这些定义也导致人们认为杀菌型抗菌药优于抑菌型抗菌药,尤其是在心内膜炎、中性粒细胞减少症和菌血症等较为严重的病例中。此外,由于潜在的拮抗作用,目前的教条规定在临床实践中不得同时使用杀菌型和抑菌型抗菌药物。本综述旨在根据体外和体内研究评估杀菌抗菌药和抑菌抗菌药在抗菌活性上的差异,并研究它们的拮抗或协同作用。我们的研究结果表明,在肺炎、腹腔内感染、皮肤和软组织感染等多种感染中,利奈唑胺和替加环素等特定抑菌剂的临床疗效并不优于杀菌剂。研究还支持在中性粒细胞减少性发热和心内膜炎等严重感染中使用多种抑菌剂作为挽救疗法。此外,并非所有抑菌剂和杀菌剂的组合都具有拮抗作用,许多组合,如利奈唑胺和利福平,已在使用中。由于大多数证据来自观察性研究,因此在解释这些发现时应谨慎,尤其是在抗菌药耐药性不断上升的背景下,有必要进行随机对照试验,以评估这些药物的有效性和组合。
{"title":"Bactericidal versus bacteriostatic antibacterials: clinical significance, differences and synergistic potential in clinical practice.","authors":"Angela Ishak, Nikolaos Mazonakis, Nikolaos Spernovasilis, Karolina Akinosoglou, Constantinos Tsioutis","doi":"10.1093/jac/dkae380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkae380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibacterial activity can be classified as either bactericidal or bacteriostatic, using methods such as the MBC/MIC ratio and time-kill curves. However, such categorization has proven challenging in clinical practice, as these definitions only apply under specific laboratory conditions, which may differ from clinical settings. Several factors, such as the specific bacteria or infectious medium, can affect the action of antibiotics, with many antibacterials exerting both activities. These definitions have also led to the belief that bactericidal antibacterials are superior to bacteriostatic, especially in more severe cases, such as endocarditis, neutropenia and bacteraemia. Additionally, current dogma dictates against the combination of bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibacterials in clinical practice, due to potential antagonism. This review aimed to assess the differences in antibacterial activity of bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibacterials based on in vitro and in vivo studies and examine their antagonistic or synergistic effects. Our findings show that specific bacteriostatic agents, such as linezolid and tigecycline, are clinically non-inferior to bactericidals in multiple infections, including pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections, and skin and soft tissue infections. Studies also support using several bacteriostatic agents as salvage therapies in severe infections, such as neutropenic fever and endocarditis. Additionally, not all combinations of bacteriostatic and bactericidal agents appear to be antagonistic, with many combinations, such as linezolid and rifampicin, already being used. The findings should be interpreted with caution, as most evidence is from observational studies and there is a need for randomized controlled trials to assess their effectiveness and combinations, especially within the context of rising antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14969,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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