Journal of agricultural science & technology A最新文献

{"title":"Research Priorities and the Future of Alfalfa in Latin America","authors":"D. Vilela, D. Basigalup, R. D. P. Ferreira","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2020.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2020.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"Agro-food and agro-industrial systems in Latin America must anticipate future trends and ensure permanent adjustment of research priorities to the evolving global needs. Innovations should follow the logic of productive chains, which are highly dependent upon knowledge and technology. Agribusiness sector needs to reinvent itself for efficiently providing new products based on stricter quality controls, traceability, and greater diversification. In the region, alfalfa has an enormous potential to be cultivated for multiple purposes other than just animal products, going from pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry to human consumption. No single organization or isolated group of scientists hold alone the capacity to deal with increasingly complex and dynamic production systems in order to efficiently compete in a globalized market. These challenges require an interdisciplinary approach, not only to a domestic level but also to an international one. The present paper proposed the constitution of a virtual alfalfa network platform for articulating and guiding alfalfa research efforts in Latin America. The network will focus on identifying the most important needs for Latin America, promoting an active interaction among educational and scientific institutions through collaborative research projects. The platform comprises four main research axes: (1) efficient production (agronomy); (2) animal production (diversified feeds); (3) quality and innocuousness applied (human feeding); (4) novel products (pharmaceutical and cosmetics). During the initial phase, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA, Brazil) and National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA, Argentina) will jointly coordinate the network.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75333612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Aspects of Orius similis Zheng Reared on Two Preys at Three Constant Temperatures","authors":"M. Amer, Yueguan Fu, L. Niu","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"Mass-rearing of Orius similis Zheng on two preys, Aphis craccivora Koch and eggs of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton at three constant temperatures (22, 26 and 30 °C) and 60% ± 10% RH and 16:8 L/D photoperiod under laboratory conditions was investigated to study the effect of different temperatures and different preys on the biology of O. similis. The highest survival rate (%) of nymphal stages was 81.14% and the longest oviposition period for females (20.6 d) was recorded at 26 °C. Also, the highest fecundity of female also recorded at 26 °C. The highest rate of nymphal feeding consumption was (122.5 individuals of A. cracivora) also, recorded at 26 °C. As well as, the two preys had significant effects on the biological characteristics of O. similis. The highest survival rate for nymphal stage was recorded when O. similis nymphs fed on A. cracivora. Therefore, the longest survival rate was founded in the nymphs which fed on the individuals of A. cracivora. During the nymphal period of O. similis which consumed more individuals of A. cracivora than the eggs of C. cephalonica. These results on the effect of three constant temperatures and two preys on the biology of O. similis will share to improve the rearing of O. similis in biological control agents in China and share to suppress the population of pests in field and greenhouse.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84893707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavior of Watermelon Cultivars after Inoculation with Watermelon mosaic virus in Saudi Arabia","authors":"I. Al-Shahwan, A. I. Santosa, O. Abdalla, M. A. Al-Saleh","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"All seven watermelon cultivars that were screened for their reactions to a severe Saudi Arabian isolate of Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV-SA) that was found inducing a severe disease in watermelon in Riyadh region, were found to be susceptible and showed different virus-like symptoms upon mechanical inoculation. Sugar Baby, Crimson Sweet 1 and Crimson Sweet 2 cultivars showed milder symptoms and, therefore, got lower grand mean of weekly symptom ratings than Charleston Gray No. 502, Jubilee, Black Diamond and Charleston Gray No. 133 in both first and second experiments. Artificial inoculation with this isolate significantly reduced the plant height, fresh and dry weights of the tested cultivars. The reduction percentages in plant height of Sugar Baby and Crimson Sweet 2 were significantly lower than those of Crimson Sweet 1, Charleston Gray No. 502 and Charleston Gray No. 133 in both experiments. Also the reduction in percentages of fresh weights of Sugar Baby, Crimson Sweet 2 and Jubilee were significantly lower than reduction percentages of Crimson Sweet 1, Black Diamond and Charleston Gray No. 133. The dry weight reduction percentages of Jubilee, Sugar Baby and Crimson Sweet 2 were lower than those of Charleston Gray No. 502, Charleston Gray No. 133, Black Diamond and Crimson Sweet 1 in both experiments. No correlation existed between the virus titer in the infected cultivars and their performances. In general, Sugar Baby and Crimson Sweet 2 performed better than the other cultivars as they had the lowest symptom severity ratings, the lowest percentages of plant height, fresh and dry weight reductions compared to the other tested cultivars.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83967667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Profile of Umalad Watershed in Roxas, Palawan","authors":"F. Mojica, F. N. Ferrer","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"The access in fresh water supply in Roxas is mostly from Umalad watershed. Majority of the households’ water consumption in Poblacion is supplied by the shed. This study used the descriptive qualitative method in determining water quality and quantity, watershed ecosystem, management activities, conservation and restoration, monitoring, and sustainability. The findings were the water from Umalad watershed is safe to drink; 7 plants/tree recommended for watershed are found in the area; management is concentrated on extensive annual tree planting; sustainability of the watershed depends primarily on the presence of adequate vegetation; stressors found in the area charcoal making, slash and burn activities, presence of residents and logging. It could be concluded that the Umalad watershed has quality control as to the safety of water; stressors in the area affects the sustainability of the water quantity along the minimal government intervention in the management of the watershed. It is recommended that vegetation in the area should be properly monitored and maintained; plans and strategies should be implemented effectively; legislations against charcoal making slash and burn activities and logging in the area should be strictly implemented; residents present in the area can be considered as co-managers of the watershed; analysis of the water coming from the household faucets as distributed by the Roxas Water District (RWD) is recommended.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76979654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plowshares Wear Investigation of the Plows Working in Mountainous Conditions Using Statistical Probabilistic Modeling","authors":"J. Katsitadze, T. Pawlowski, Zaur Phutkaradze","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"A general technique for modeling of the wear of machine parts using the theory of probability and mathematical statistics is developed, which is implemented through the example of plows of agricultural plows. Regularities of their wear during working under mountainous conditions are established, an adequate probabilistic-statistic mathematical model is obtained, general characteristics of the distribution of wear are determined using statistical moments and their most common (modal) values are determined which allow to substantiate the method of restoring worn parts for the purpose of increasing their life. This technique can also be utilized to study the regularity of wear of parts of other machines.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86349124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship of the Population Density of Larvae Spodoptera litura with the Leaf Damage and Decrease of Seed Yield for Soybean, Indonesia","authors":"A. Fattah, S. Sjam, I. D. Daud, V. S. Dewi","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to illuminate the relationship of population density of larvae on the level of leaf damage and declining seed yields in some varieties of soybeans that have been implemented in Maros Experimental Garden from April to August, 2016. The experiment consisted of four population densities, i.e., 0, 2, 4 and 6 larvae instar-3 per plant and three soybean varieties, i.e., Anjasmoro, Argomulyo and Grobogan. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with varieties as main plot and population densities of larvae as subplot treatment with five replications. The results showed that the damage attack highest for Anjasmoro from 20.19% to 28.61%, Argomulyo from 14.68% to 21.18% and Grobogan from 13.28% to 18.00%. So the seed yields, the highest for Argomulyo 14.50 g/plant and lowest was for Grobogan 12.55 g/plant. The relation between population density of larvae and leaf damage intensity of Spodoptera litura in three days after investation (DAI) follows an equation, Anjasmoro, Y = 8.587x and r = 0.9583, Argomulyo, Y = 6.251x and r = 0.9558, and Grobogan, Y = 5.45x and r = 0.9459. The relationship between larval density population and the level of leaf damage in 6 DAI follows a regression equation, Anjasmoro, Y = 8.174x and r = 0.96107, Argomulyo, Y = 6.392x and r = 0.9609, and Grobogan, Y = 5.977x and r = 0.9626. The relationship between larvae population density and the level of leaf damage in 9 DAI follows a regression equation, Anjasmoro, Y = 5.8879x and r = 0.9358, Argomulyo, Y = 4.3671x and r = 0.954685, and Grobogan, Y = 3.917x and r = 0.9467. The declining seed yield caused by addition one larvae of S. litura, the highest on Anjasmoro variety (0.80 g/plant or 6.04%) and the lowest on Argomulyo (0.65 g/plant or 4.48%).","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72843720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of Clinical Cases of Infectious Bursal Disease Using a Modified Rapid Taq Man-MGB Real-Time RT-PCR Assay","authors":"Maryame Cheggag, K. Zro, G. Sebbar, Naoufal Rahmatallah, M. Mouahid, M. E. Houadfi, F. Kichou","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an important contagious viral infection of immune system of poultry. This infection possesses a permanent threat to the profitability of poultry industry worldwide. The aim of this work was to modify the Taq Man-MGB real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) in one step involving two fluorogenic Taq Man labeled probe and using this protocol for detection of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) collected from suspected cases distributed in different regions of the country during the period 2013-2016. The intralaboratory validation of modified method was realized for specificity, linearity, repeatability, sensitivity and reproducibility. It allowed reducing the test running time by six folds. This method was applied on 102 pools of bursa of fabricius (BF) samples collected from affected broiler farms suspected to be infected by IBDV. Birds showing macroscopic lesions including muscle petechial hemorrhages, hypertrophy and hemorrhage of BF, were subjected to molecular analysis using modified protocol “Taq Man-MGB rRT-PCR”. The validation satisfied all criteria and the assay developed could be a useful tool for a very rapid diagnosis of IBDV and permit to detect and to discriminate in one-step very virulent (vv) from non-vv (classic and variant) IBDV strains. Out of 84 IBDV positive samples, a prevalence of 39% for vv strains and 61% for classical strains was noted. These results indicate that despite the vaccination against IBDV, the vv form of this pathologie continues to cause serious problems for Moroccan broiler chickens. The obtained results indicate the successfully detection of IBDV and differentiated all vvIBDV strains from non-vvIBDV strains; Avian infectious agent RNA viruses tested are negative, demonstrating great specificity of the assay. The results obtained indicate that this method is suitable as a routine laboratory test for the rapid detection and differentiation of IBDV strains in samples of avian origin.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78136636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a Watermelon mosaic virus Isolate Inducing a Severe Disease in Watermelon in Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. I. Santosa, I. Al-Shahwan, O. Abdalla, M. A. Al-Saleh, M. Amer","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"In one of the field visits to cucurbits-growing areas in vicinity of Riyadh city during 2013-2015, severe virus disease-like symptoms were observed on watermelon in Al-Ammariyah area. Mechanical inoculation of the different plant species used in the host range study, from the collected symptomatic watermelon samples, produced mosaic symptoms on Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, C. melo, C. melo subsp. melo and Nicotiana benthamiana, but chlorotic local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor. No symptoms were observed on the rest of the other inoculated plant species. The virus was transmitted by Aphis gossypii and A. craccivora in a non-persistent manner. Transmission electron microscopic examination of watermelon samples using the leaf dip method revealed only microscopic filamentous shaped virus particles measuring 750 nm in length and 12 nm in diameter in average. ELISA revealed positive results only to Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and negative to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Squash mosaic virus (SqMV). Specific bands of approximately 825 bp were formed on agarose gel following electrophoresis of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products of each of the naturally infected C. lanatus, and artificially infected C. lanatus, C. pepo, C. sativus, and N. benthamiana. The homology tree that was constructed from multiple sequence alignments of the detected Saudi Arabian isolate of WMV (WMV-SA) with 18 other isolates of WMV from nine different countries indicated close relationships between them. Two isolates from Spain and two other isolates from Iran were more closely related to the WMV-SA whereas the isolate from Poland was the least.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75395238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Ruminants on Environmental Pollution and Possible Solution to Reduce Global Warming","authors":"L. Zicarelli","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.04.007","url":null,"abstract":": The aim of the work was to shed light on the responsibility of ruminants to inject methane (CH 4 ) into the atmosphere and to highlight how about 70% of livestock and almost all small ruminants live in areas of the planet, usually the poorest, where it is not possible to produce food for the man. According to many authors, ruminant breeding is one of the main causes of deforestation and global warming observed in recent years and 11%-12% of world population’s malnutrition depends mainly on the increase in ruminant rearing that is also responsible for the poor efficiency in producing nutrients. A further objective is to highlight those factors that, for various reasons, are ignored. Ruminants have contributed both to the work, still used in many areas (just think of the hilly fields of rice in Asia), both with the supply of noble proteins to be one of the main factors that allowed the evolution of human species. Just think that where (Europe, Asia minor, Indian sub-continent) milk was used for feeding children, the numerical increase in human population was faster than the areas where its use was unknown (Americas and Australia). The most fertile soils, like the Great Plains of the United States, are those that in the past were populated by ruminants like the bison. Some scientists argue that humans are a species that is supposed to eat fruit physiologically. They ignore that Homo habilis has evolved since he became omnivorous. Many primates complement their diet with small mammals, crabs, crustaceans, molluscs, amphibians, worms and even fish trapped in some ponds during the low tide period. They ignore or want to ignore that primitive man chose the flesh driven by instinct because they needed vitamin B12. Regarding deforestation, many of the areas currently used as pastures have been obtained by burning forests, but it is not sufficiently stressed that all areas used today by man come from forest areas and that every year millions of hectares of forests are destroyed due to accidental fires or are caused by pyromaniacs. As for the production of CH 4 , although the ruminants produce physiologically CH 4 , it is also true that the increase in CH 4 in the atmosphere is preceded by the increase in heat, the main cause of which is the increase in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The presence of this gas in the atmosphere is due to the use of fossil fuels, namely oil, coal and natural gas, whose emissions are due to the multinational companies that manage the production of energy. It is likely that the demonization of ruminants serves to focus attention on a problem that is solvable by improving cattle rearing techniques and the rational use of manure. The purpose of this demonization is also to allocate the breeding areas to the seed multinationals. It is likely that the objective is to minimize the real problem of global warming, which derives from the misuse of the energy resources of the subsoil that derive from the accumulation over the millennia of dif","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83142927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current State and Development Prospects of Microbial Biotechnologies in the Republic of Belarus","authors":"N. Sverchkova, E. Kalamiyets, A. Sidarenka","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88195721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}