The Doppler effect is one of the most important and most elementary phenomenon in nature. If we accept that fact, then there is no need to use any other theories to understand its essence. There is only one Doppler effect, regardless of whether the signal between the sender and the receiver travels directly or through a medium. Therefore, there is only one formula that is valid in all cases. The goal of this paper is to determine that formula. Using the obtained results, we will show that the one-way speed of light can be measured by physical experiment.
{"title":"Doppler effect and one-way speed of light","authors":"Miloš Čojanović","doi":"10.24297/jap.v20i.9278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v20i.9278","url":null,"abstract":"The Doppler effect is one of the most important and most elementary phenomenon in nature. If we accept that fact, then there is no need to use any other theories to understand its essence. There is only one Doppler effect, regardless of whether the signal between the sender and the receiver travels directly or through a medium. Therefore, there is only one formula that is valid in all cases. The goal of this paper is to determine that formula. Using the obtained results, we will show that the one-way speed of light can be measured by physical experiment.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72989430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Big Bang idea is referred in the glorious Quran. As a matter of fact, there is no single integrated model describing the formation of all type of the galaxies. This work proposes a new theory and equations describing the controlling conditions and parameters of stars and galaxies formation. The derived equation called, Sayed`s galaxy formation formula (SGFF), shows that the formation of the major disk (spiral) and elliptical galaxies is correlated to the 2π and 4π geometry of the initial cloud. Sayed`s temperature (Ts) , pressure (Ps) and radius (Rs) are among the effective parameters of galaxies formation. The mass of galaxy (Sayed`s galaxy mass formula- SGME) was also deduced based on acceleration and expansion and given as a new formula. The formulas were validated and verified by check of the units and comparison with the declared values. The minimum mass (0.0774Mʘ) for star formation was calculated and found to be fully matched with the reference range; 0.075 – 0.08 solar mass, for 4π geometry. The gas halo mass of the Milky Way was calculated with ~2 % discrepancy. Our previous article; Dark matter-energy to Hydrogen-helium ratio should be considered in galaxy formation mechanism and calculation.
{"title":"A Theory for Galaxy Formation: Innovative Model for Evolution of Galaxies as a Function in the Initial Cloud 2π and 4π Geometry and Acceleration","authors":"S. El-Mongy","doi":"10.24297/jap.v20i.9280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v20i.9280","url":null,"abstract":"The Big Bang idea is referred in the glorious Quran. As a matter of fact, there is no single integrated model describing the formation of all type of the galaxies. This work proposes a new theory and equations describing the controlling conditions and parameters of stars and galaxies formation. The derived equation called, Sayed`s galaxy formation formula (SGFF), shows that the formation of the major disk (spiral) and elliptical galaxies is correlated to the 2π and 4π geometry of the initial cloud. Sayed`s temperature (Ts) , pressure (Ps) and radius (Rs) are among the effective parameters of galaxies formation. The mass of galaxy (Sayed`s galaxy mass formula- SGME) was also deduced based on acceleration and expansion and given as a new formula. The formulas were validated and verified by check of the units and comparison with the declared values. The minimum mass (0.0774Mʘ) for star formation was calculated and found to be fully matched with the reference range; 0.075 – 0.08 solar mass, for 4π geometry. The gas halo mass of the Milky Way was calculated with ~2 % discrepancy. Our previous article; Dark matter-energy to Hydrogen-helium ratio should be considered in galaxy formation mechanism and calculation.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76795133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The quantum world is allegedly strange. But is it? What if there’s a simple mathematical explanation, and a simple solution? The success of quantum mechanics (QM) arises from the accuracy of its probability predictions, which are obtained by squaring amplitudes (the Born rule). Suppose for a moment that nature uses the negative of QM’s equations. When squared they would yield the same probabilities, confirmed by the same experiments and technological triumphs. If that were true, if nature uses the negative of QM’s equations, then the quantum world would become transparent, easy to understand. No more Schrödinger’s-cat. No quantum-eraser. No backwards-in-time cause-and-effect. No paradoxes nor enigmas. But, what’s a negative quantum equation? It could mean that particles follow zero-energy waves backwards, instead of forwards. That’s still an eccentric idea, a residual strangeness. Overall, it’s a bargain. We could swap one odd idea for another, because wave-particle duality is odd. We are accustomed to wave-particle duality. But we’ll show that experiments support the other arrangement: quantum particles follow zero-energy waves backwards. How could that possibly be true? We present substantial experimental evidence, new mathematics, and six dozen colorful illustrations. This is the Theory of Elementary Waves (TEW).
{"title":"A Unifying Theory for Quantum Physics, Part 2:","authors":"Jeffrey H. Boyd","doi":"10.24297/jap.v20i.9268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v20i.9268","url":null,"abstract":"The quantum world is allegedly strange. But is it? What if there’s a simple mathematical explanation, and a simple solution? The success of quantum mechanics (QM) arises from the accuracy of its probability predictions, which are obtained by squaring amplitudes (the Born rule). Suppose for a moment that nature uses the negative of QM’s equations. When squared they would yield the same probabilities, confirmed by the same experiments and technological triumphs. If that were true, if nature uses the negative of QM’s equations, then the quantum world would become transparent, easy to understand. No more Schrödinger’s-cat. No quantum-eraser. No backwards-in-time cause-and-effect. No paradoxes nor enigmas. But, what’s a negative quantum equation? It could mean that particles follow zero-energy waves backwards, instead of forwards. That’s still an eccentric idea, a residual strangeness. Overall, it’s a bargain. We could swap one odd idea for another, because wave-particle duality is odd. We are accustomed to wave-particle duality. But we’ll show that experiments support the other arrangement: quantum particles follow zero-energy waves backwards. How could that possibly be true? We present substantial experimental evidence, new mathematics, and six dozen colorful illustrations. This is the Theory of Elementary Waves (TEW).","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89141316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering a class of (2,0) super-Yang-Mills multiplets characterised by the appearance of a pair of independentgauge potentials, we present here their coupling to non-linear σ-models in (2,0)-superspace. Contrary to thecase of the coupling to (2,0) matter superfields, the extra gauge potential present in the Yang-Mills sector doesnot decouple from the theory in the case one gauges isometry groups of σ-models.Considering a class of (2,0)super-Yang-Mills multiplets characterized by the appearance of a pair of independent gauge potentials, wepresent here their coupling to non-linear σ-models in (2,0)-superspace. Contrary to the case of the coupling to(2,0) matter superfields, the extra gauge potential present in the Yang-Mills sector does not decouple from thetheory in the case one gauges isometry groups of σ-models.
{"title":"A LESS-CONSTRAINED (2,0) SUPER-YANG-MILLS MODEL THE COUPLING TO NON-LINEAR σ-MODELS","authors":"C.A.S. Almeida Almeida, J. Chauca, R. Doria","doi":"10.24297/jap.v20i.9134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v20i.9134","url":null,"abstract":"Considering a class of (2,0) super-Yang-Mills multiplets characterised by the appearance of a pair of independentgauge potentials, we present here their coupling to non-linear σ-models in (2,0)-superspace. Contrary to thecase of the coupling to (2,0) matter superfields, the extra gauge potential present in the Yang-Mills sector doesnot decouple from the theory in the case one gauges isometry groups of σ-models.Considering a class of (2,0)super-Yang-Mills multiplets characterized by the appearance of a pair of independent gauge potentials, wepresent here their coupling to non-linear σ-models in (2,0)-superspace. Contrary to the case of the coupling to(2,0) matter superfields, the extra gauge potential present in the Yang-Mills sector does not decouple from thetheory in the case one gauges isometry groups of σ-models.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83496069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The calculation of the redshift on base of wavelength leads to the conclusion that the regression speed of some body showing a shift >1 can greatly exceed that of light. This research, taking as model the most far from us galaxy GN-z11, discovered in 2016, shows that results given on base of decreasing of frequency as consequence of slowed light-speed, could concretely solve the complex question of the redshift of bodies very distant from us. The results related to this model could be further substantially confirmed by performing an experiment briefly described here.
{"title":"Redshift As Slow-Light on Base of Frequency on Model of Galaxy GN-Z11","authors":"Luciano Rota","doi":"10.24297/jap.v20i.9234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v20i.9234","url":null,"abstract":"The calculation of the redshift on base of wavelength leads to the conclusion that the regression speed of some body showing a shift >1 can greatly exceed that of light. This research, taking as model the most far from us galaxy GN-z11, discovered in 2016, shows that results given on base of decreasing of frequency as consequence of slowed light-speed, could concretely solve the complex question of the redshift of bodies very distant from us. The results related to this model could be further substantially confirmed by performing an experiment briefly described here.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77589709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Singularity and unity is the glorified Creator of the universe. This article went deeply through hydrogen and helium percentages in the universe to explain and correlate their existence with dark energy and matter. Our finding indicates that the hydrogen to helium (H/He) ratio in the universe should be and equal to π. Our previous work predicted that the dark energy to dark matter (DE/DM) ratio is also equal π. It was deduced that the ratio of hydrogen and helium to dark energy and matter {(H/He)/(DE/DM)} is correlated. This ratio, which is called S-ratio, was simply estimated and found to be unity. It was also observed that the iron of mass number 56 is also in correlation with hydrogen and helium content; the ratio is specifically equal √π. This work is uniquely correlated the estimated {(H/He)/(DE/DM)} ratio with the Golden ratio to produce a new global formula to be defined as Sayed Golden formula (SGF). The value of SGF is 1.71347. The results of H/He were compared with many of the other published works.
{"title":"Unity of the Universe: New and Global Theory Correlating the Ratio of Hydrogen - Helium to Dark Energy – Matter: Sayed`s Golden Formula (SGF)","authors":"S. El-Mongy","doi":"10.24297/jap.v20i.9246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v20i.9246","url":null,"abstract":"Singularity and unity is the glorified Creator of the universe. This article went deeply through hydrogen and helium percentages in the universe to explain and correlate their existence with dark energy and matter. Our finding indicates that the hydrogen to helium (H/He) ratio in the universe should be and equal to π. Our previous work predicted that the dark energy to dark matter (DE/DM) ratio is also equal π. It was deduced that the ratio of hydrogen and helium to dark energy and matter {(H/He)/(DE/DM)} is correlated. This ratio, which is called S-ratio, was simply estimated and found to be unity. It was also observed that the iron of mass number 56 is also in correlation with hydrogen and helium content; the ratio is specifically equal √π. This work is uniquely correlated the estimated {(H/He)/(DE/DM)} ratio with the Golden ratio to produce a new global formula to be defined as Sayed Golden formula (SGF). The value of SGF is 1.71347. The results of H/He were compared with many of the other published works.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72989138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Having observed that modern mathematical theories of matter have begun to experience difficulties, a visit to their origins is made. The so-called Hermes revealed theory of matter has been explored. A theory of matter made up of infinitely hard, extremely tiny classical particles moving at the speed of light is proposed, and preliminaries of such a theory are investigated. Elementary particles are proposed to be handled as ordered bundles in a random vacuum, oscillating either simultaneously, 180 degrees out of phase, or as a mixture. This is proposed to be done under the restriction that phase and basic incremental motion is supposed to be quantized. The coincidence between the teachings of Hermes and the holy books, especially the Quran, has been brought to surface. The necessity of further research, which is urgent under current conditions, performed with the help of supercomputers at hand has been proposed.
{"title":"A Prologue to (Re)2naissance","authors":"Ismail German, A. O. Gezerman","doi":"10.24297/jap.v20i.9235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v20i.9235","url":null,"abstract":"Having observed that modern mathematical theories of matter have begun to experience difficulties, a visit to their origins is made. The so-called Hermes revealed theory of matter has been explored. A theory of matter made up of infinitely hard, extremely tiny classical particles moving at the speed of light is proposed, and preliminaries of such a theory are investigated. Elementary particles are proposed to be handled as ordered bundles in a random vacuum, oscillating either simultaneously, 180 degrees out of phase, or as a mixture. This is proposed to be done under the restriction that phase and basic incremental motion is supposed to be quantized. The coincidence between the teachings of Hermes and the holy books, especially the Quran, has been brought to surface. The necessity of further research, which is urgent under current conditions, performed with the help of supercomputers at hand has been proposed.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72964717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Kalonga, Rodrick S. Katete, J. Simfukwe, A. Habanyama
The effective mass, energy and momentum of photon in medium is described. The photon has both kinetic and potential energy and displays an effective mass when travelling through a medium. The photon is a type of elementary particle that serves as the quantum of the electromagnetic field and is explained through equations to have an elastic constant, volume, momentum, force, power and zero rest mass. The theory that photons a massless only applies to rest mass. A photon undergoes different dynamics such as strain and changes in effective mass under the influence of the refractive index that gives rise to a refractive force. This study synthesizes some properties of energy such as elastic constant, weight, and volume in order to explain the nature of photons and photon dynamics under refractive index. In this study, a helical spring model has been used to describe the behavior of a photon in the medium. The model connects together the exhibited properties such as energy, effective mass, spin, elastic constant and volume. Further explanation is given to the effect of gravitational force on wavelength and refractive index of air, and how gravitational force causes red and blue shifts in photon propagation. The quantization of energy has been extended to the quantization of space, time and matter. This study is consistent and consolidates the existing classical and quantum theories. There are further potential applications in optical communication, quantum cryptography, quantum optics, and medicine, especially in the use of two-photon excitation microscopy and photodynamic therapy.
{"title":"Photon Characteristics and Behavior under Refractive Index","authors":"G. Kalonga, Rodrick S. Katete, J. Simfukwe, A. Habanyama","doi":"10.24297/jap.v20i.9220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v20i.9220","url":null,"abstract":"The effective mass, energy and momentum of photon in medium is described. The photon has both kinetic and potential energy and displays an effective mass when travelling through a medium. The photon is a type of elementary particle that serves as the quantum of the electromagnetic field and is explained through equations to have an elastic constant, volume, momentum, force, power and zero rest mass. The theory that photons a massless only applies to rest mass. A photon undergoes different dynamics such as strain and changes in effective mass under the influence of the refractive index that gives rise to a refractive force. This study synthesizes some properties of energy such as elastic constant, weight, and volume in order to explain the nature of photons and photon dynamics under refractive index. In this study, a helical spring model has been used to describe the behavior of a photon in the medium. The model connects together the exhibited properties such as energy, effective mass, spin, elastic constant and volume. Further explanation is given to the effect of gravitational force on wavelength and refractive index of air, and how gravitational force causes red and blue shifts in photon propagation. The quantization of energy has been extended to the quantization of space, time and matter. This study is consistent and consolidates the existing classical and quantum theories. There are further potential applications in optical communication, quantum cryptography, quantum optics, and medicine, especially in the use of two-photon excitation microscopy and photodynamic therapy.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84988498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All “interpretations” of Quantum Mechanics (QM) are predicated on the assumption that quantum mathematics is correct. We disagree. The Born rule implies that nature may have a hidden symmetry: |+ψ|2 = |–ψ|2 = probability. If nature uses –ψ then physicists would not recognize that their math is 100% wrong. This hypothesis could explain the mystery that quantum math appears to be the most accurate and productive mathematics humans ever possessed, the source of our high-tech economy, yet scientists cannot agree on what the quantum world is like: does it exist, are there infinitely many worlds, etc. If we change our wave-function from +ψ to –ψ, that will mean that quantum particles follow zero-energy “Elementary Waves” backwards. This symmetry does not conform to Noether’s Theorem because it does not involve physical space, rather an error in the human imagination. Wave-function collapse no longer occurs when a quantum particle is observed. It occurs when a free particle is emitted: when the particle selects which in-coming Elementary Wave to follow backwards. This undermines the foundations of the many-worlds theory. A superposition of states collapses as a particle is emitted, becoming only one state, located in only one world, not many. Type (Method/Approach): No one previously recognized the Born rule could hide a “Born Symmetry”: |+ψ|2 ≡ |–ψ|2. If so, it would be so immense, pervasive, insidious, and invisible that it could explain all quantum “weirdness” even though quantum math is the most accurate and productive science ever.
{"title":"The Max Born Symmetry Topples the Many-Worlds Theory","authors":"Jeffrey H. Boyd","doi":"10.24297/jap.v20i.9114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v20i.9114","url":null,"abstract":"All “interpretations” of Quantum Mechanics (QM) are predicated on the assumption that quantum mathematics is correct. We disagree. The Born rule implies that nature may have a hidden symmetry: |+ψ|2 = |–ψ|2 = probability. If nature uses –ψ then physicists would not recognize that their math is 100% wrong. This hypothesis could explain the mystery that quantum math appears to be the most accurate and productive mathematics humans ever possessed, the source of our high-tech economy, yet scientists cannot agree on what the quantum world is like: does it exist, are there infinitely many worlds, etc. If we change our wave-function from +ψ to –ψ, that will mean that quantum particles follow zero-energy “Elementary Waves” backwards. This symmetry does not conform to Noether’s Theorem because it does not involve physical space, rather an error in the human imagination. Wave-function collapse no longer occurs when a quantum particle is observed. It occurs when a free particle is emitted: when the particle selects which in-coming Elementary Wave to follow backwards. This undermines the foundations of the many-worlds theory. A superposition of states collapses as a particle is emitted, becoming only one state, located in only one world, not many.\u0000Type (Method/Approach): No one previously recognized the Born rule could hide a “Born Symmetry”: |+ψ|2 ≡ |–ψ|2. If so, it would be so immense, pervasive, insidious, and invisible that it could explain all quantum “weirdness” even though quantum math is the most accurate and productive science ever.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90054176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The search for a unification of the physical phenomena was the preoccupation of many physicists for long time. Starting from the seventeenth century with the unification of celestial mechanics and gravitation, then the unification of the electromagnetism in the nineteenth century. The early twentieth century brought about the unification of space and time and the unification of energy and mass while the advent of gauge theory enabled the unification of the weak interaction with the electromagnetism in the middle of the twentieth century. More recent theories are proposed as the answer to the unification question in physics include quantum gravity which unifies quantum mechanics and gravitation, and string theory. Unification effort should not only address the known fundamental forces but the space fabric interactions which till now remain unknown but their manifestations are described as the dark energy and dark matter. Here the concept of interacting space and time fields which constitute space time is discussed using classic method which has a certain advantage of bringing the physical meaning into visualization.
{"title":"Main Title: Quanton Based Model of Field Interactions,","authors":"Ayman kassem","doi":"10.24297/jap.v20i.9217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v20i.9217","url":null,"abstract":"The search for a unification of the physical phenomena was the preoccupation of many physicists for long time. Starting from the seventeenth century with the unification of celestial mechanics and gravitation, then the unification of the electromagnetism in the nineteenth century. The early twentieth century brought about the unification of space and time and the unification of energy and mass while the advent of gauge theory enabled the unification of the weak interaction with the electromagnetism in the middle of the twentieth century. More recent theories are proposed as the answer to the unification question in physics include quantum gravity which unifies quantum mechanics and gravitation, and string theory. Unification effort should not only address the known fundamental forces but the space fabric interactions which till now remain unknown but their manifestations are described as the dark energy and dark matter. Here the concept of interacting space and time fields which constitute space time is discussed using classic method which has a certain advantage of bringing the physical meaning into visualization.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85484874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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