Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2268136
Duygu Budak
This study was conducted to determine the influence of nano zinc oxide (N-ZnO) on metabolic parameters in transition periods of the Lacaune ewes. The animals were allocated into two equal groups: the control group (n = 10) and the experimental group (n = 10) supplemented with 20 mg/kg of N-ZnO. Blood samples were collected from all ewes on days −30, −15, 0 (parturition), + 15 and +30. A time effect was observed on aspartate aminotransferase which decreased in both groups from day −30 to day 0 (P ≤ 0.05). All ewes on day 0 had lower alanine aminotransferase than on day −30 (P ≤ 0.001) and day −15 (P ≤ 0.05). In both groups, albumin and total protein levels on day −30, blood urea nitrogen level on day +30 (P ≤ 0.001), β-hydroxybutyric acid and non-esterified fatty acid levels on day +15 (P ≤ 0.05) were higher. Triglycerides on day +30, glucose on days −15, 0, + 30 were lower (P ≤ 0.001). Blood calcium was lower (P ≤ 0.05) and zinc was higher on day +30 (P ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, there was no significant effect of N-ZnO/kg supplementation during the transition period, but changes in metabolic parameters due to a time effect were observed.
{"title":"Effects of nano zinc oxide supplementation on metabolic parameters during the transition period in Lacaune ewes","authors":"Duygu Budak","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2268136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2268136","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the influence of nano zinc oxide (N-ZnO) on metabolic parameters in transition periods of the Lacaune ewes. The animals were allocated into two equal groups: the control group (n = 10) and the experimental group (n = 10) supplemented with 20 mg/kg of N-ZnO. Blood samples were collected from all ewes on days −30, −15, 0 (parturition), + 15 and +30. A time effect was observed on aspartate aminotransferase which decreased in both groups from day −30 to day 0 (P ≤ 0.05). All ewes on day 0 had lower alanine aminotransferase than on day −30 (P ≤ 0.001) and day −15 (P ≤ 0.05). In both groups, albumin and total protein levels on day −30, blood urea nitrogen level on day +30 (P ≤ 0.001), β-hydroxybutyric acid and non-esterified fatty acid levels on day +15 (P ≤ 0.05) were higher. Triglycerides on day +30, glucose on days −15, 0, + 30 were lower (P ≤ 0.001). Blood calcium was lower (P ≤ 0.05) and zinc was higher on day +30 (P ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, there was no significant effect of N-ZnO/kg supplementation during the transition period, but changes in metabolic parameters due to a time effect were observed.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136063906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2264912
Gabriela A. Marquette, Stephanie Ronan, Bernadette Earley
Disbudding, removal of the horn buds, is performed for economic and practical reasons: to prevent bullying and injury to other animals (with implications for productivity and carcass damage, respectively) and human safety during handling. Mitigation of pain associated with the disbudding of calves is necessary to limit the pain-stress response that induces altered behavioural and physiologic states. The most common recommendation in Animal Welfare Guidelines is to disbud calves before they attain 2 months of age. From birth to 2 months of age the horn bud is not attached to the skull, which makes the removal of the horn bud and adjacent cells easier. The objectives of this review are to describe (1) the different methods of disbudding, (2) the pain responses associated with each of those methods and (3) how age and pain mitigation strategies affect those responses.
{"title":"Calf disbudding – animal welfare considerations","authors":"Gabriela A. Marquette, Stephanie Ronan, Bernadette Earley","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2264912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2264912","url":null,"abstract":"Disbudding, removal of the horn buds, is performed for economic and practical reasons: to prevent bullying and injury to other animals (with implications for productivity and carcass damage, respectively) and human safety during handling. Mitigation of pain associated with the disbudding of calves is necessary to limit the pain-stress response that induces altered behavioural and physiologic states. The most common recommendation in Animal Welfare Guidelines is to disbud calves before they attain 2 months of age. From birth to 2 months of age the horn bud is not attached to the skull, which makes the removal of the horn bud and adjacent cells easier. The objectives of this review are to describe (1) the different methods of disbudding, (2) the pain responses associated with each of those methods and (3) how age and pain mitigation strategies affect those responses.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2258976
Lubabalo Bila, Dikeledi Petunia Malatji, Thobela Louis Tyasi
The use of multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and classification and regression tree (CART) to estimate the live body weight at weaning age of the Sussex cattle breed remain poorly understood in South Africa. This study was conducted to examine the effect of linear body measurements on body weight at weaning using MARS and CART algorithms. The body weight and linear body measurements included sternum height, withers height, heart girth, hip height, body length, rump length and rump width were collected from 101 Sussex cattle (female = 57 and male = 44) at weaning. Goodness of fit criterions was used to select the best data mining algorithms. The results showed that MARS showed higher predictive performance in the criteria as compared to CART algorithm. The findings of the study suggest that MARS algorithm can be used to estimate the BW at weaning age in Sussex cattle breed. These findings might be helpful to cattle farmers in the selection criterions of breeding stock at weaning age.
{"title":"Predicting body weight of South African Sussex cattle at weaning using multivariate adaptive regression splines and classification and regression tree data mining algorithms","authors":"Lubabalo Bila, Dikeledi Petunia Malatji, Thobela Louis Tyasi","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2258976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2258976","url":null,"abstract":"The use of multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and classification and regression tree (CART) to estimate the live body weight at weaning age of the Sussex cattle breed remain poorly understood in South Africa. This study was conducted to examine the effect of linear body measurements on body weight at weaning using MARS and CART algorithms. The body weight and linear body measurements included sternum height, withers height, heart girth, hip height, body length, rump length and rump width were collected from 101 Sussex cattle (female = 57 and male = 44) at weaning. Goodness of fit criterions was used to select the best data mining algorithms. The results showed that MARS showed higher predictive performance in the criteria as compared to CART algorithm. The findings of the study suggest that MARS algorithm can be used to estimate the BW at weaning age in Sussex cattle breed. These findings might be helpful to cattle farmers in the selection criterions of breeding stock at weaning age.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135482851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2256829
Arcesio Salamanca-Carreño, Mauricio Vélez-Terranova, Rita Tamasaukas, Raúl Jáuregui-Jiménez, Pere M. Parés-Casanova, José N. Arias-Landazábal
The assessment of the prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis (SCM) in dairy farms is essential to evaluate the health status of mammary gland. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of SCM in dual-purpose livestock systems in Arauca, Colombia, through the analysis the values found on-farm diagnostic California Mastitis Test (CMT) and Electric Conductivity (EC) test. Milk samples were taken from the individual mammary quarters of 481 cows. The cow level prevalence, per affected individual mammary quarters prevalence and the mammary quarter level prevalence were determined according to the values obtained for each test using two methods of analysis. An ANOVA was performed to determine the difference between prevalences. Cohen’s kappa coefficient was used for intertest agreement, and an analysis of sensitivity and specificity. The cow level prevalence was similar between the tests (CMT = 31.4%; EC = 29.7%). The quarter-level prevalence was lower with EC (11.4% vs 14.3%) (p < 0.05). The agreement test between CMT (0) and EC ranged between 0.20 and 0.25. Despite the low agreement found between the tests, they can be useful in determining the health status of the mammary gland in the dual-purpose livestock systems of the Colombian Orinoquia.
{"title":"Assessment of the prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis through two on-farm tests in dual-purpose livestock system of Colombian Orinoquia","authors":"Arcesio Salamanca-Carreño, Mauricio Vélez-Terranova, Rita Tamasaukas, Raúl Jáuregui-Jiménez, Pere M. Parés-Casanova, José N. Arias-Landazábal","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2256829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2256829","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of the prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis (SCM) in dairy farms is essential to evaluate the health status of mammary gland. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of SCM in dual-purpose livestock systems in Arauca, Colombia, through the analysis the values found on-farm diagnostic California Mastitis Test (CMT) and Electric Conductivity (EC) test. Milk samples were taken from the individual mammary quarters of 481 cows. The cow level prevalence, per affected individual mammary quarters prevalence and the mammary quarter level prevalence were determined according to the values obtained for each test using two methods of analysis. An ANOVA was performed to determine the difference between prevalences. Cohen’s kappa coefficient was used for intertest agreement, and an analysis of sensitivity and specificity. The cow level prevalence was similar between the tests (CMT = 31.4%; EC = 29.7%). The quarter-level prevalence was lower with EC (11.4% vs 14.3%) (p < 0.05). The agreement test between CMT (0) and EC ranged between 0.20 and 0.25. Despite the low agreement found between the tests, they can be useful in determining the health status of the mammary gland in the dual-purpose livestock systems of the Colombian Orinoquia.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135734488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This study aimed to provide a better understanding of the type, function, and production potential of Central Highland goats. Morphometric measurements were collected from 510 heads of goats. About 17 biologically important structural indices were computed using morphological trait measurements. The data were analyzed using SAS’s general linear model, principal component analysis, and stepwise multiple regression techniques. Body index value indicate that the Central Highland goat’s shape is rectangular, which is good conformation for meat production. The dactyl thorax, transverse pelvic, longitudinal pelvic, relative depth of thorax, and width indices suggest their suitability for meat production. However, proportionality and length indices showed an aptitude for milk production. Besides, the body ratio and depth indices indicate less susceptibility of this goat breed to dust infestation and arthritis, good walking ability, good foraging capability, and move easily in sloppy areas. In conclusion, structural indices showed that Central Highland goats could be classified as having a dual purpose and better aptitude for meat production. The results of this study could be an input for designing genetic improvement and conservation programmes for the sustainable utilization of indigenous goats.
{"title":"Towards understanding the type and function of indigenous goats: input for genetic improvement and conservation programme","authors":"Tesfamichael Assefa, Kefyalew Alemayehu, Zeleke Tesema","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2254368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2254368","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to provide a better understanding of the type, function, and production potential of Central Highland goats. Morphometric measurements were collected from 510 heads of goats. About 17 biologically important structural indices were computed using morphological trait measurements. The data were analyzed using SAS’s general linear model, principal component analysis, and stepwise multiple regression techniques. Body index value indicate that the Central Highland goat’s shape is rectangular, which is good conformation for meat production. The dactyl thorax, transverse pelvic, longitudinal pelvic, relative depth of thorax, and width indices suggest their suitability for meat production. However, proportionality and length indices showed an aptitude for milk production. Besides, the body ratio and depth indices indicate less susceptibility of this goat breed to dust infestation and arthritis, good walking ability, good foraging capability, and move easily in sloppy areas. In conclusion, structural indices showed that Central Highland goats could be classified as having a dual purpose and better aptitude for meat production. The results of this study could be an input for designing genetic improvement and conservation programmes for the sustainable utilization of indigenous goats.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48154587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2255071
M. Civiero, C. Ferris, H. Ribeiro-Filho
ABSTRACT Studies with dairy cows receiving mixed ration and grazing annual pastures, which have low tiller density, are scarce. This study examined the effect of partial replacement of a total mixed ration (TMR) with annual temperate pasture. Treatments were ad libitum TMR (TMR100), 75% ad libitum TMR + ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ‘Maximus’) (pTMR75), and 50% ad libitum TMR + ryegrass (pTMR50). Twelve multiparous Holstein and F1 Jersey × Holstein cows were divided into six groups (experimental units), taking account of milk production (26.6 ± 4.55 kg/day), days-in-milk (129 ± 50.8) and body weight (546 ± 30.6 kg). Treatments were compared using two 3 × 3 Latin square arangements, comprising three 21-day periods (measurements during final 5 days). Herbage DM intake increased from 4.8 kg/day with pTMR75 to 6.7 kg/day with pTMR50. Total DM intake decreased from 19.4 kg/day (TMR100), to 18.1 and 15.8 kg/day (pTMR75 and pTMR50, respectively). Milk production, energy corrected milk production (ECM), and milk fat content were similar between treatments, averaging 25.6, 28.4 kg/day and 44.6 g/kg, respectively. Ryegrass pastures were able to replace up to 50% of TMR offered to mid lactation dairy cows with no adverse effects on ECM production.
{"title":"Partial replacement of a total mixed ration with annual ryegrass herbage: effects on dairy cow dry matter intake and milk production","authors":"M. Civiero, C. Ferris, H. Ribeiro-Filho","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2255071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2255071","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies with dairy cows receiving mixed ration and grazing annual pastures, which have low tiller density, are scarce. This study examined the effect of partial replacement of a total mixed ration (TMR) with annual temperate pasture. Treatments were ad libitum TMR (TMR100), 75% ad libitum TMR + ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ‘Maximus’) (pTMR75), and 50% ad libitum TMR + ryegrass (pTMR50). Twelve multiparous Holstein and F1 Jersey × Holstein cows were divided into six groups (experimental units), taking account of milk production (26.6 ± 4.55 kg/day), days-in-milk (129 ± 50.8) and body weight (546 ± 30.6 kg). Treatments were compared using two 3 × 3 Latin square arangements, comprising three 21-day periods (measurements during final 5 days). Herbage DM intake increased from 4.8 kg/day with pTMR75 to 6.7 kg/day with pTMR50. Total DM intake decreased from 19.4 kg/day (TMR100), to 18.1 and 15.8 kg/day (pTMR75 and pTMR50, respectively). Milk production, energy corrected milk production (ECM), and milk fat content were similar between treatments, averaging 25.6, 28.4 kg/day and 44.6 g/kg, respectively. Ryegrass pastures were able to replace up to 50% of TMR offered to mid lactation dairy cows with no adverse effects on ECM production.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45064680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2250409
Sylvenus Aguree, Samson Abah Abagale, Isaac Sackey
ABSTRACT This study evaluated the proximate and mineral composition of various parts of Balanites aegyptiaca, Mitragyna inermis, Cassia sieberiena, Kigelia africana, Detarium microcarpum, Terminalia laxiflora, Ficus platyphylla and Climber plant (Liana) as feeds of elephants in the savannah ecological zone of Ghana. The proximate composition was carried out using the methods of the Association of official analytical chemists (AOAC) and the mineral profiles were determined by atomic absorption and flame photometric methods. The highest content of Crude Protein, Crude Fibre, Ash, Moisture and Nitrogen free extract were 12.0% ± 0.01, 15.3% ± 0.01, 14.6% ± 0.0, 7.5% ± 0.01, 76.6% ± 0.01 for Ficus platyphylla, Tamarindus indica, Balanites aegyptiaca and Detarium microcarpum, respectively. The mineral profiling also found appreciable levels of Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Zn, Cu, Fe, Se and Mn at concentrations (mg/kg) of 4.6 ± 0.00, 0.4 ± 0.01, 0.4 ± 0.01, 5.1 ± 0.01, 0.11 ± 0.01, 1.07 ± 0.008, 0.25 ± 0.005, 0.063 ± 0.0005, 37.48 ± 0.001 for Ficus platyphylla bark, Liana, Terminalia laxiflora bark and leaves, Mitragyna inermis bark, Terminalia laxiflora leaves and Mitragyna inermis leaves, respectively. Presentation of the presence of these important nutrients would be a guide to zoo managers and wildlife practitioners on the best quality of feeds to select for wild elephants.
{"title":"Proximate composition and mineral profile of elephants forages in the Savannah ecological zone of Ghana","authors":"Sylvenus Aguree, Samson Abah Abagale, Isaac Sackey","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2250409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2250409","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 This study evaluated the proximate and mineral composition of various parts of Balanites aegyptiaca, Mitragyna inermis, Cassia sieberiena, Kigelia africana, Detarium microcarpum, Terminalia laxiflora, Ficus platyphylla and Climber plant (Liana) as feeds of elephants in the savannah ecological zone of Ghana. The proximate composition was carried out using the methods of the Association of official analytical chemists (AOAC) and the mineral profiles were determined by atomic absorption and flame photometric methods. The highest content of Crude Protein, Crude Fibre, Ash, Moisture and Nitrogen free extract were 12.0% ± 0.01, 15.3% ± 0.01, 14.6% ± 0.0, 7.5% ± 0.01, 76.6% ± 0.01 for Ficus platyphylla, Tamarindus indica, Balanites aegyptiaca and Detarium microcarpum, respectively. The mineral profiling also found appreciable levels of Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Zn, Cu, Fe, Se and Mn at concentrations (mg/kg) of 4.6 ± 0.00, 0.4 ± 0.01, 0.4 ± 0.01, 5.1 ± 0.01, 0.11 ± 0.01, 1.07 ± 0.008, 0.25 ± 0.005, 0.063 ± 0.0005, 37.48 ± 0.001 for Ficus platyphylla bark, Liana, Terminalia laxiflora bark and leaves, Mitragyna inermis bark, Terminalia laxiflora leaves and Mitragyna inermis leaves, respectively. Presentation of the presence of these important nutrients would be a guide to zoo managers and wildlife practitioners on the best quality of feeds to select for wild elephants.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46473550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2249545
O. Opoku, J. Hamidu, B. Adjei-Mensah, B. Quaye, Prince Sasu, V. Benante, M. A. Amankrah, A. Donkoh, C. C. Atuahene
ABSTRACT This study explored the growth parameters and nutritional composition of Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) reared on some selected alternative organic waste materials. The substrates comprised wheat bran (WB) as the control, millet waste (MW), restaurant leftovers (RL) and fruits waste (FW) and were replicated 8 times in a mini-insectary set-up. Proximate nutrient and mineral composition of the larvae were analyzed. RL had the highest (p < 0.0001) total weight of larvae, number of larvae, efficiency of conversion and substrate reduction index compared to the other substrates. Crude protein (%) content of the BSFL was superior (p < 0.000) in the WB and MW substrate groups at 41.1% and 41.4%, respectively. Crude protein and dry matter yield (g) of the BSFL was higher (p < 0.0001) in the RL than in the other substrates. Metabolizable energy and dry matter were superior (p < 0.0001) in MW and RL groups respectively to all the other substrate groups. RL recorded the lowest (p < 0.0001) phosphorus and calcium levels relative to the other substrates. Conclusively, the crude protein content of the BSFL irrespective of the substrates was adequate to be employed in the livestock feed industry.
{"title":"Alternative organic wastes as substrates and its impact on growth, proximate chemical and mineral composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae for subsistent animal feed","authors":"O. Opoku, J. Hamidu, B. Adjei-Mensah, B. Quaye, Prince Sasu, V. Benante, M. A. Amankrah, A. Donkoh, C. C. Atuahene","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2249545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2249545","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 This study explored the growth parameters and nutritional composition of Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) reared on some selected alternative organic waste materials. The substrates comprised wheat bran (WB) as the control, millet waste (MW), restaurant leftovers (RL) and fruits waste (FW) and were replicated 8 times in a mini-insectary set-up. Proximate nutrient and mineral composition of the larvae were analyzed. RL had the highest (p < 0.0001) total weight of larvae, number of larvae, efficiency of conversion and substrate reduction index compared to the other substrates. Crude protein (%) content of the BSFL was superior (p < 0.000) in the WB and MW substrate groups at 41.1% and 41.4%, respectively. Crude protein and dry matter yield (g) of the BSFL was higher (p < 0.0001) in the RL than in the other substrates. Metabolizable energy and dry matter were superior (p < 0.0001) in MW and RL groups respectively to all the other substrate groups. RL recorded the lowest (p < 0.0001) phosphorus and calcium levels relative to the other substrates. Conclusively, the crude protein content of the BSFL irrespective of the substrates was adequate to be employed in the livestock feed industry.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":"101 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41251125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2242447
Achiamaa Asafu-Adjaye Koranteng, Koffi Apeti Gbogbo, Benjamin Adjei-Mensah, Tchilabalou Bouassi, Richard Koblah Agbehadzi, Kokou Tona
Four hundred and fifty (450) 3-week-old male and female broiler chicks were randomly allocated to a control diet and four dietary treatments with six replicates in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 15 birds per replicate arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design to evaluate the effect of palm kernel cake (PKC) diet and multi-blend enzymes on the performance of Sasso broilers. The five dietary treatments were T0 = (control, standard diet), T1 = PKC1*0% (10% PKC with no enzyme), T2 = PKC1*0.05% (10% PKC with enzyme), T3 = PKC2*0% (20% PKC with no enzyme) and T4 = PKC2*0.05% (20% PKC with enzyme). The interactive effect of PKC and enzyme showed improved (p < 0.05) FCR in T1 and T2. Higher counts (p < 0.05) of Lactobacillus spp. were found in PKC2 than in PKC1 and lower Clostridium perfringens counts in T3 compared to T2 at 8 weeks. At week 12, the PKC-enzyme effect resulted in higher (p < 0.05) platelets in the T2 and T4 groups than in the other treatments. The incorporation of 10% PKC with enzyme into the diets of Sasso broilers could maintain bacteria balance in their gut and enhance growth performance.
{"title":"Influence of palm kernel cake on the growth performance, gut health and hematochemical indices of slow-growing broilers","authors":"Achiamaa Asafu-Adjaye Koranteng, Koffi Apeti Gbogbo, Benjamin Adjei-Mensah, Tchilabalou Bouassi, Richard Koblah Agbehadzi, Kokou Tona","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2242447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2242447","url":null,"abstract":"Four hundred and fifty (450) 3-week-old male and female broiler chicks were randomly allocated to a control diet and four dietary treatments with six replicates in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 15 birds per replicate arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design to evaluate the effect of palm kernel cake (PKC) diet and multi-blend enzymes on the performance of Sasso broilers. The five dietary treatments were T0 = (control, standard diet), T1 = PKC1*0% (10% PKC with no enzyme), T2 = PKC1*0.05% (10% PKC with enzyme), T3 = PKC2*0% (20% PKC with no enzyme) and T4 = PKC2*0.05% (20% PKC with enzyme). The interactive effect of PKC and enzyme showed improved (p < 0.05) FCR in T1 and T2. Higher counts (p < 0.05) of Lactobacillus spp. were found in PKC2 than in PKC1 and lower Clostridium perfringens counts in T3 compared to T2 at 8 weeks. At week 12, the PKC-enzyme effect resulted in higher (p < 0.05) platelets in the T2 and T4 groups than in the other treatments. The incorporation of 10% PKC with enzyme into the diets of Sasso broilers could maintain bacteria balance in their gut and enhance growth performance.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135015331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2239319
Y. Shastak, Alvaro Gordillo, W. Pelletier
ABSTRACT Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of harmful oxygen molecules and the body's ability to repair their detrimental implications, leading to reduced growth rates, increased disease susceptibility, and decreased reproductive performance in animals. Vitamin A, comprising retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid, is crucial for normal growth, reproduction, and vision. Vitamin A possesses antioxidant properties by directly scavenging reactive oxygen species, boosting antioxidant enzyme activity, and promoting antioxidant defence mechanisms. Numerous studies have shown that livestock with adequate levels of vitamin A in their diet experience reduced oxidative stress compared to those with vitamin A deficiency. Moreover, vitamin A supplementation can mitigate oxidative stress in animals exposed to stressful conditions like heat stress. Adequate vitamin A status in livestock through dietary interventions and improved animal management practices can significantly benefit animal health and well-being. However, further research is still needed to optimize dosing strategies and fully understand the relationship between vitamin A and oxidative stress in different animal species and production systems. Therefore, continued research efforts are essential to fully harness the potential of vitamin A as an effective tool for mitigating oxidative stress and improving animal welfare.
{"title":"The relationship between vitamin A status and oxidative stress in animal production","authors":"Y. Shastak, Alvaro Gordillo, W. Pelletier","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2239319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2239319","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of harmful oxygen molecules and the body's ability to repair their detrimental implications, leading to reduced growth rates, increased disease susceptibility, and decreased reproductive performance in animals. Vitamin A, comprising retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid, is crucial for normal growth, reproduction, and vision. Vitamin A possesses antioxidant properties by directly scavenging reactive oxygen species, boosting antioxidant enzyme activity, and promoting antioxidant defence mechanisms. Numerous studies have shown that livestock with adequate levels of vitamin A in their diet experience reduced oxidative stress compared to those with vitamin A deficiency. Moreover, vitamin A supplementation can mitigate oxidative stress in animals exposed to stressful conditions like heat stress. Adequate vitamin A status in livestock through dietary interventions and improved animal management practices can significantly benefit animal health and well-being. However, further research is still needed to optimize dosing strategies and fully understand the relationship between vitamin A and oxidative stress in different animal species and production systems. Therefore, continued research efforts are essential to fully harness the potential of vitamin A as an effective tool for mitigating oxidative stress and improving animal welfare.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45850717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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