Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2203746
Daniel Prois Flores, Dirleise Pianesso, Eduardo Kelm Battisti, Suziane Ghedini Martinelli, Isadora Liberalesso de Freitas, J. Radünz Neto, Leila Picolli da Silva, Rafael Aldrighi Tavares, R. Lazzari
ABSTRACT A feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary L-threonine supplementation on growth and body composition of fingerlings Rhamdia quelen (initial weight: 4.47 ± 0.39 g). Five diets (370 g/kg crude protein and 14.23 MJ / kg of digestible energy) containing levels of L-threonine (16.0, 22.0, 28.0, 34.0, 40.0 g threonine/kg protein) were fed to quadruplicate groups of fishes for 10 weeks. The analysed variables were influenced by the threonine levels. Fish fed with diet containing 16.0 g threonine/kg of CP showed lower growth and body deposition of nutrients. In addition to unsatisfactory performance, the fish subjected to lower levels of threonine presented higher hepatosomatic index scores and changes in the concentrations of some plasmatic metabolites. To determine the ideal level of threonine in the diet, the weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were subjected to broken-line and quadratic regression. The results showed indicate that a diet containing inadequate levels of threonine causes insufficient growth. Dietary threonine requirement of R. quelen was estimated between 24.5 and 32.5 g threonine/ kg of crude dietary protein, corresponding to 9.1 and 12.0 g/ kg threonine in the diet for the initial growth of silver catfish.
{"title":"L-threonine requirement of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen): growth performance, body composition, plasma and liver metabolites","authors":"Daniel Prois Flores, Dirleise Pianesso, Eduardo Kelm Battisti, Suziane Ghedini Martinelli, Isadora Liberalesso de Freitas, J. Radünz Neto, Leila Picolli da Silva, Rafael Aldrighi Tavares, R. Lazzari","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2203746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2203746","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary L-threonine supplementation on growth and body composition of fingerlings Rhamdia quelen (initial weight: 4.47 ± 0.39 g). Five diets (370 g/kg crude protein and 14.23 MJ / kg of digestible energy) containing levels of L-threonine (16.0, 22.0, 28.0, 34.0, 40.0 g threonine/kg protein) were fed to quadruplicate groups of fishes for 10 weeks. The analysed variables were influenced by the threonine levels. Fish fed with diet containing 16.0 g threonine/kg of CP showed lower growth and body deposition of nutrients. In addition to unsatisfactory performance, the fish subjected to lower levels of threonine presented higher hepatosomatic index scores and changes in the concentrations of some plasmatic metabolites. To determine the ideal level of threonine in the diet, the weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were subjected to broken-line and quadratic regression. The results showed indicate that a diet containing inadequate levels of threonine causes insufficient growth. Dietary threonine requirement of R. quelen was estimated between 24.5 and 32.5 g threonine/ kg of crude dietary protein, corresponding to 9.1 and 12.0 g/ kg threonine in the diet for the initial growth of silver catfish.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47847374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2206457
Marco Antonio Passareli Finardi, A. R. Poveda-Parra, E. Pereira, O. P. Prado-Calixto, S. M. Simonelli, K. A. Pires, G. L. Guerra, Erica Regina Rodrigues, I. Y. Mizubuti
ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate different levels of crambe cake (CC) protein (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 g/kg DM) as a replacement for soybean meal protein in diets for lambs and their effect on performance, carcass traits and meat quality. Forty not castrated crossbred male lambs, weighing 20 ± 3.45 kg, were settled in a completely randomized design with eight replicates per treatment. Final body weight (BW), dry matter intake per kg BW (DMI), DMI over metabolic weight and average daily gain showed linear decreasing effect (p < 0.05), meanwhile, feed efficiency presented a quadratic effect for replacement levels. There was a quadratic effect with replacement levels of CC protein for hot carcass weight; cold carcass weight; cooling loss index; muscle fat thickness; leg perimeter; leg depth and carcass finishing. Hot carcass yield, carcass length; shoulder clods weight, rib weight and the leg weight showed a linear decrease within BW. Bones and muscle weight of shoulder clods showed a decreasing linear effect. Replacing up to 500 g/kg DM of protein of soybean meal protein for CC protein does not affect performance, carcass traits and meat quality.
{"title":"Crambe cake protein replacing soybean meal protein and its effects on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of lambs","authors":"Marco Antonio Passareli Finardi, A. R. Poveda-Parra, E. Pereira, O. P. Prado-Calixto, S. M. Simonelli, K. A. Pires, G. L. Guerra, Erica Regina Rodrigues, I. Y. Mizubuti","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2206457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2206457","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate different levels of crambe cake (CC) protein (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 g/kg DM) as a replacement for soybean meal protein in diets for lambs and their effect on performance, carcass traits and meat quality. Forty not castrated crossbred male lambs, weighing 20 ± 3.45 kg, were settled in a completely randomized design with eight replicates per treatment. Final body weight (BW), dry matter intake per kg BW (DMI), DMI over metabolic weight and average daily gain showed linear decreasing effect (p < 0.05), meanwhile, feed efficiency presented a quadratic effect for replacement levels. There was a quadratic effect with replacement levels of CC protein for hot carcass weight; cold carcass weight; cooling loss index; muscle fat thickness; leg perimeter; leg depth and carcass finishing. Hot carcass yield, carcass length; shoulder clods weight, rib weight and the leg weight showed a linear decrease within BW. Bones and muscle weight of shoulder clods showed a decreasing linear effect. Replacing up to 500 g/kg DM of protein of soybean meal protein for CC protein does not affect performance, carcass traits and meat quality.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43281235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2204135
Cong Li, Junfeng Xiao, Jun Zhang, Qing-qi Wen
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to explore the effects of resveratrol on production performance of Chinese indigenous broilers. A total of 432 female broilers (1-day-old) with similar BW were selected and randomly allotted to 4 groups with 6 replicated of 18 birds each. These four groups were fed on a 0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg resveratrol supplemented basic diet for 51 days. The results demonstrated that birds in the resveratrol treated groups exhibited higher final BW and ADG, and lower F/G ratio. The resveratrol treatments also resulted a higher breast and drumstick muscle rates, relative jejunum weight, relative jejunum length, and lower abdominal fat rate. The serum biochemical parameters were positively affected by each resveratrol treatment, including TP, GLB, TC, LDL, and ALP. The L*45min and shear force values of both breast and drumstick muscle tissues were significantly reduced in the resveratrol treatments, whilst resveratrol treatments induced higher a*45min in breast muscle tissue and lower b*45min in drumstick muscle tissue compared the basic diet treatment. In addition, dietary resveratrol supplementation significant reduced the MDA content and elevated the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes in serum and liver tissue, as well as up-regulated the mRNA expression of Nrf2 gene and antioxidant genes (HO-1, GPX, and CAT) in drumstick muscle tissues. Collectively, this study determined that dietary supplementation with 250 and 500 mg/kg resveratrol improved the growth performances, carcass characters, and meat quality of Chinese indigenous broiler chickens.
{"title":"The effect of dietary resveratrol supplementation on growth performance, carcase trait, meat quality and antioxidant status of Chinese indigenous chicken","authors":"Cong Li, Junfeng Xiao, Jun Zhang, Qing-qi Wen","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2204135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2204135","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study was conducted to explore the effects of resveratrol on production performance of Chinese indigenous broilers. A total of 432 female broilers (1-day-old) with similar BW were selected and randomly allotted to 4 groups with 6 replicated of 18 birds each. These four groups were fed on a 0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg resveratrol supplemented basic diet for 51 days. The results demonstrated that birds in the resveratrol treated groups exhibited higher final BW and ADG, and lower F/G ratio. The resveratrol treatments also resulted a higher breast and drumstick muscle rates, relative jejunum weight, relative jejunum length, and lower abdominal fat rate. The serum biochemical parameters were positively affected by each resveratrol treatment, including TP, GLB, TC, LDL, and ALP. The L*45min and shear force values of both breast and drumstick muscle tissues were significantly reduced in the resveratrol treatments, whilst resveratrol treatments induced higher a*45min in breast muscle tissue and lower b*45min in drumstick muscle tissue compared the basic diet treatment. In addition, dietary resveratrol supplementation significant reduced the MDA content and elevated the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes in serum and liver tissue, as well as up-regulated the mRNA expression of Nrf2 gene and antioxidant genes (HO-1, GPX, and CAT) in drumstick muscle tissues. Collectively, this study determined that dietary supplementation with 250 and 500 mg/kg resveratrol improved the growth performances, carcass characters, and meat quality of Chinese indigenous broiler chickens.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59622221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2203749
M. Tharwat
ABSTRACT Biomarkers are defined as organic or biological indicators of processes, events, or conditions occurring within the body. Over recent years, significant progress has been made in the detection, measurement and application of biomarkers in both companion and farm animal medicine. This review article summarizes the commonly used biomarkers in dromedary camels that include the cardiac, bone, inflammation, transport, stress and pulmonary biomarkers. The review also focuses on the use of these compounds in camel medicine either in diseased or physiological states; and finally summarizes and reviews, to the possible extent, examples of the types of biomarkers used in dromedary camels. Understanding the use of these biomarkers in camels has expanded significantly over recent years, and, with the insights provided by ongoing research, it is likely that these compounds will be increasingly used in the future in the diagnosis and prognosis of camel diseases.
{"title":"Advanced biomarkers and its usage in Arabian camel medicine – a review","authors":"M. Tharwat","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2203749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2203749","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Biomarkers are defined as organic or biological indicators of processes, events, or conditions occurring within the body. Over recent years, significant progress has been made in the detection, measurement and application of biomarkers in both companion and farm animal medicine. This review article summarizes the commonly used biomarkers in dromedary camels that include the cardiac, bone, inflammation, transport, stress and pulmonary biomarkers. The review also focuses on the use of these compounds in camel medicine either in diseased or physiological states; and finally summarizes and reviews, to the possible extent, examples of the types of biomarkers used in dromedary camels. Understanding the use of these biomarkers in camels has expanded significantly over recent years, and, with the insights provided by ongoing research, it is likely that these compounds will be increasingly used in the future in the diagnosis and prognosis of camel diseases.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43866305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The effects of cold and heat shocks on serum electrolyte and biochemical changes in Panagasianodon gigas. Cold shock was conducted as follows: 25–22°C, 25–19°C and 25–13°C; and heat shock: 25–28°C, 25–31°C and 25–37°C. The lowest Na+ was found in the group exposed to 25–13°C and 25–37°C, while the highest Na+ was observed in the 25–31°C group. The K+ significantly increased with decreases in water temperature. The Cl- was significantly decreased and increased when decreasing and increasing water temperature, respectively. The serum CO2 level was affected by cold shock but was not affected by heat shock. The highest and lowest Na+/K+ ratio was found in the group exposed to 25°C–31°C and 25°C–13°C, respectively. Moreover, the Na+/Cl- ratio showed a similar trend to that of the Na+/K+ ratio. Furthermore, the highest (Na+ + K+)/Cl- ratio was found in 25–31°C group. The highest glucose was found in all the cold shock groups. Albumin, globulin, total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly decreased after exposure to cold and heat shocks. These results demonstrated that 25–28°C is the appropriate temperature range for this species whilst other ranges influenced biochemical and physiological indices.
{"title":"Alterations of serum electrolytes and biochemical indices of Panagasianodon gigas subjected to different water temperatures and the appropriate temperature range for sustaining life","authors":"W. Phinrub, Tathata Lunjirapan, Thanyaporn Srirum, Kittisuk Kumjumrern, Phanit Srisuttha, Arporn Panase, Paiboon Panase","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2203216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2203216","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effects of cold and heat shocks on serum electrolyte and biochemical changes in Panagasianodon gigas. Cold shock was conducted as follows: 25–22°C, 25–19°C and 25–13°C; and heat shock: 25–28°C, 25–31°C and 25–37°C. The lowest Na+ was found in the group exposed to 25–13°C and 25–37°C, while the highest Na+ was observed in the 25–31°C group. The K+ significantly increased with decreases in water temperature. The Cl- was significantly decreased and increased when decreasing and increasing water temperature, respectively. The serum CO2 level was affected by cold shock but was not affected by heat shock. The highest and lowest Na+/K+ ratio was found in the group exposed to 25°C–31°C and 25°C–13°C, respectively. Moreover, the Na+/Cl- ratio showed a similar trend to that of the Na+/K+ ratio. Furthermore, the highest (Na+ + K+)/Cl- ratio was found in 25–31°C group. The highest glucose was found in all the cold shock groups. Albumin, globulin, total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly decreased after exposure to cold and heat shocks. These results demonstrated that 25–28°C is the appropriate temperature range for this species whilst other ranges influenced biochemical and physiological indices.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46826500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2197975
ABSTRACT A 42-day experiment assessed the effects of phytase and a multicarbohydrase complex containing α-galactosidase (CAG) on broiler performance, processing yield, and nutrient digestibility. Exactly 2250-day-old male broilers were distributed in 90 floor pens and assigned to 1 of 9 treatments (10 replicates). A positive control sufficient in phosphorus (PC-P), a PC sufficient in metabolizable energy (PC-E), and a negative control (NC) with less phosphorus, calcium, and metabolizable energy were formulated. Manufactured using the NC, six additional treatments contained 500 or 1500 FTU/kg of phytase combined with 0, 0.1, or 0.2 g/kg of CAG. Broiler performance was determined on days 14, 28, and 42. Nutrient digestibility and processing yield was determined on days 42 and 43, respectively. Day 1–42 FCR was reduced and fillet yield increased when broilers consumed a 0.2 g/kg CAG diet instead of 0.1 g/kg (P < 0.05). Treatments supplemented with phytase alone or combined with CAG had a 42-day BW comparable to the PC-E and were heavier than the NC except for broilers fed 1500 FTU/kg of phytase and 0.1 g/kg of CAG (P < 0.05). Phytase supplementation alone or in combination with CAG in nutrient deficient diets can improve broiler growth and nutrient utilization.
{"title":"The effects of phytase and a multicarbohydrase complex containing α-galactosidase on performance, processing yield, and nutrient digestibility in the broiler chicken","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2197975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2197975","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A 42-day experiment assessed the effects of phytase and a multicarbohydrase complex containing α-galactosidase (CAG) on broiler performance, processing yield, and nutrient digestibility. Exactly 2250-day-old male broilers were distributed in 90 floor pens and assigned to 1 of 9 treatments (10 replicates). A positive control sufficient in phosphorus (PC-P), a PC sufficient in metabolizable energy (PC-E), and a negative control (NC) with less phosphorus, calcium, and metabolizable energy were formulated. Manufactured using the NC, six additional treatments contained 500 or 1500 FTU/kg of phytase combined with 0, 0.1, or 0.2 g/kg of CAG. Broiler performance was determined on days 14, 28, and 42. Nutrient digestibility and processing yield was determined on days 42 and 43, respectively. Day 1–42 FCR was reduced and fillet yield increased when broilers consumed a 0.2 g/kg CAG diet instead of 0.1 g/kg (P < 0.05). Treatments supplemented with phytase alone or combined with CAG had a 42-day BW comparable to the PC-E and were heavier than the NC except for broilers fed 1500 FTU/kg of phytase and 0.1 g/kg of CAG (P < 0.05). Phytase supplementation alone or in combination with CAG in nutrient deficient diets can improve broiler growth and nutrient utilization.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43697860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2197477
ABSTRACT Subclinical mastitis is an important problem in terms of the dairy economy all over the world and due to the increasing antibiotic resistance day by day, there is a great need for new antibiotic alternatives and natural products. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of bee venom against bacterial mastitis agents. Methods, such as well diffusion, disc diffusion, microdilution and time-kill analyses, were applied to 12 bacteria species isolated from milk samples. Effective results were obtained in microdilution and time-kill analysis. MIC values were determined in the range of 12.5–50 µg/ml and time-kill times were observed in the range of 1–24 h. In addition, bacterial suspensions from 12 species were prepared and there were effective against mixed infection in vitro. As a result, bee venom, as an antibiotic alternative, can give satisfactory results in the treatment of subclinical mastitis and mixed infections. Field studies and treatment trials should be emphasized.
{"title":"The antibacterial effect of bee venom on subclinical mastitis agents: an alternative for local treatment","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2197477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2197477","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Subclinical mastitis is an important problem in terms of the dairy economy all over the world and due to the increasing antibiotic resistance day by day, there is a great need for new antibiotic alternatives and natural products. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of bee venom against bacterial mastitis agents. Methods, such as well diffusion, disc diffusion, microdilution and time-kill analyses, were applied to 12 bacteria species isolated from milk samples. Effective results were obtained in microdilution and time-kill analysis. MIC values were determined in the range of 12.5–50 µg/ml and time-kill times were observed in the range of 1–24 h. In addition, bacterial suspensions from 12 species were prepared and there were effective against mixed infection in vitro. As a result, bee venom, as an antibiotic alternative, can give satisfactory results in the treatment of subclinical mastitis and mixed infections. Field studies and treatment trials should be emphasized.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42704349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2191679
A. Silvestre, J. M. Souza, D. Millen
ABSTRACT The evolution of ruminants was largely influenced by the symbiotic relationship between ruminal microbiota and the host. Within the rumen, these microorganisms degrade feedstuffs to produce organic acids and synthesize microbial protein, as energy and protein source for ruminants, respectively. This process is accelerated when these animals are transferred to feedlot diets. This review brings the most current studies that reported the most used nutritional managements in this transition process, in order to avoid metabolic disturbances, in which rumen development is a fundamental point. Also, this review brings the main biomolecules used as feed additive, which can in the help control of fermentation processes in order to minimize energetically inefficient processes within the rumen, as well as losses by excretion to the environment, which are widely questioned by be environmental pollutants. Furthermore, the main results of research on animal performance in response to these additives are reported, supplemented alone or associated with different feed additives when used on diets with high grain contents, as well as evaluating the potential of additives as antibiotics alternatives, a fact that has been discussed and is worrying since the use of ionophores or non-ionophores antibiotics represent practically the totality of feedlot diets.
{"title":"Adoption of adaptation protocols and feed additives to improve performance of feedlot cattle","authors":"A. Silvestre, J. M. Souza, D. Millen","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2191679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2191679","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The evolution of ruminants was largely influenced by the symbiotic relationship between ruminal microbiota and the host. Within the rumen, these microorganisms degrade feedstuffs to produce organic acids and synthesize microbial protein, as energy and protein source for ruminants, respectively. This process is accelerated when these animals are transferred to feedlot diets. This review brings the most current studies that reported the most used nutritional managements in this transition process, in order to avoid metabolic disturbances, in which rumen development is a fundamental point. Also, this review brings the main biomolecules used as feed additive, which can in the help control of fermentation processes in order to minimize energetically inefficient processes within the rumen, as well as losses by excretion to the environment, which are widely questioned by be environmental pollutants. Furthermore, the main results of research on animal performance in response to these additives are reported, supplemented alone or associated with different feed additives when used on diets with high grain contents, as well as evaluating the potential of additives as antibiotics alternatives, a fact that has been discussed and is worrying since the use of ionophores or non-ionophores antibiotics represent practically the totality of feedlot diets.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46204917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2194360
Atef M. H. Khalil, I. Rehan, František Zigo, Šimon Halás, Z. Farkašová, H. M. Diab
ABSTRACT Nitrate poisoning due to the consumption of cabbages was diagnosed in a small goat flock, in Qena city, Egypt. The methylene blue 1% antidote (1 mg/kg BW) was given intravenously to the poisoned goats. Nitrate poisoning was confirmed in blood plasma, saliva, urine, and cabbage dry matter samples. The dark brown blood and methemoglobin fraction were 47.25 ± 0.58%. Green cabbage containing 7.1% nitrate on dried materials was fed to the goats. The nitrate concentration in the saliva was (59.50 ± 4.67), compared to the healthy goats reared in the same area and tested positive in the plasma and urine of intoxicated goats. Intoxication induced a significant decline in the Red Blood Cells count, hemoglobin concentration, and HCT % (P < 0.001), while the WBC count (P < 0.001), neutrophils (P < 0.001), and monocyte percentage were elevated (P < 0.002) in intoxicated goats, while the lymphocyte % (P < 0.01) significantly decreased when compared to the control. For the oxidative stress in the red blood cells, nitrate toxicity caused a significant elevation in the concentration of Malondialdehyde, (P < 0.001) while Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione, and Glutathione S-Transferase levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) compared to the control. In this current report, the ingestion of goat to cabbage containing a high level of nitrate exhibited nitrate-nitrite intoxication.
{"title":"Selected hematological parameters and oxidative stress in red blood cells (RBCs) after accidental cases of nitrate toxicity in the goat fed cabbage","authors":"Atef M. H. Khalil, I. Rehan, František Zigo, Šimon Halás, Z. Farkašová, H. M. Diab","doi":"10.1080/09712119.2023.2194360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2023.2194360","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nitrate poisoning due to the consumption of cabbages was diagnosed in a small goat flock, in Qena city, Egypt. The methylene blue 1% antidote (1 mg/kg BW) was given intravenously to the poisoned goats. Nitrate poisoning was confirmed in blood plasma, saliva, urine, and cabbage dry matter samples. The dark brown blood and methemoglobin fraction were 47.25 ± 0.58%. Green cabbage containing 7.1% nitrate on dried materials was fed to the goats. The nitrate concentration in the saliva was (59.50 ± 4.67), compared to the healthy goats reared in the same area and tested positive in the plasma and urine of intoxicated goats. Intoxication induced a significant decline in the Red Blood Cells count, hemoglobin concentration, and HCT % (P < 0.001), while the WBC count (P < 0.001), neutrophils (P < 0.001), and monocyte percentage were elevated (P < 0.002) in intoxicated goats, while the lymphocyte % (P < 0.01) significantly decreased when compared to the control. For the oxidative stress in the red blood cells, nitrate toxicity caused a significant elevation in the concentration of Malondialdehyde, (P < 0.001) while Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione, and Glutathione S-Transferase levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) compared to the control. In this current report, the ingestion of goat to cabbage containing a high level of nitrate exhibited nitrate-nitrite intoxication.","PeriodicalId":15030,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46585362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2185625
H. Tilahun
ABSTRACT The study was conducted for describing the rearing and husbandry practice of indigenous goats in the North Shewa zone. A total of 216 farmers were interviewed for the household survey. Data collected through a questionnaire (survey) were described by descriptive statistics using SPSS. The first objective of keeping goats in all districts was for income. Natural pasture (shrubs and bushes) and river water were the major sources of goat feeding and watering, respectively both in dry and wet seasons in the three districts. Among the interviewed goat keepers 94.4% in Berehet, 84.7% in Basona-Worena and 90.3% in Minjar-Shenkora had their own indigenous breeding male goat. The average flock size per monitored households in Berehet, Basona-Worena and Minjar-Shenkora districts was 14.70 ± 10.95, 7.43 ± 3.94 and 14.52 ± 11.36 goats, respectively. Growth rate, body conformation and coat colour for the breeding buck and litter size, body size or appearance and pedigree for does were the first, second and third selection criteria, respectively in all districts. Feed shortage, disease and labour shortage were the first, second and third-ranked constraints for goat production in the study districts, respectively.
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