Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2021.1976347
A. R. L. Souza, C. E. Copatti, Vitor H. P. Morante, M. M. da Costa, L. Braga, A. M. Souza, F. V. S. T. Melo, A. C. S. Camargo, J. Melo
ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze in vitro growth of Lactobacillus spp. with crude extract from yellow yam (Dioscorea cayennensis; CEYY) at different concentrations (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) and the growth performance and metabolic responses of tambaqui juveniles fed with diets containing different CEYY concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 g kg–1). In the in vitro assay, there was no effect on the Lactobacillus spp. growth. The inclusion of 80 g CEYY kg diet–1 increased growth performance, plasma lysozyme activity and intestinal lactate levels. Hepatic glycogen levels were higher with 60 g CEYY kg diet–1. The lipase and nonspecific alkaline protease enzymes displayed the highest activity in the control group. There was no influence on the hematologic parameters, plasma glucose and amylase enzyme. In conclusion, the supplementation of 80 g CEYY kg diet–1 could be indicated for tambaqui, as it improved growth performance, plasma lysozyme and intestinal lactate.
摘要本研究旨在分析乳酸杆菌在不同浓度（0%、2%、4%、6%和8%）下的体外生长，以及不同CEYY浓度（0、20、40、60和80 g kg–1）日粮对坦巴基幼鱼的生长性能和代谢反应。在体外试验中，对乳杆菌的生长没有影响。加入80 g CEYY kg日粮-1可提高生长性能、血浆溶菌酶活性和肠道乳酸水平。60 g CEYY kg饮食的肝糖原水平更高。脂肪酶和非特异性碱性蛋白酶在对照组中表现出最高的活性。对血液学参数、血糖和淀粉酶无影响。总之，补充80 g CEYY kg日粮-1可以改善坦巴基的生长性能、血浆溶菌酶和肠道乳酸。
{"title":"Crude extract from yellow yam (Dioscorea cayennensis) in in-vitro Lactobacillus spp. assessment, and as a growth promoter in tambaqui juveniles (Colossoma macropomum)","authors":"A. R. L. Souza, C. E. Copatti, Vitor H. P. Morante, M. M. da Costa, L. Braga, A. M. Souza, F. V. S. T. Melo, A. C. S. Camargo, J. Melo","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.1976347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.1976347","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze in vitro growth of Lactobacillus spp. with crude extract from yellow yam (Dioscorea cayennensis; CEYY) at different concentrations (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) and the growth performance and metabolic responses of tambaqui juveniles fed with diets containing different CEYY concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 g kg–1). In the in vitro assay, there was no effect on the Lactobacillus spp. growth. The inclusion of 80 g CEYY kg diet–1 increased growth performance, plasma lysozyme activity and intestinal lactate levels. Hepatic glycogen levels were higher with 60 g CEYY kg diet–1. The lipase and nonspecific alkaline protease enzymes displayed the highest activity in the control group. There was no influence on the hematologic parameters, plasma glucose and amylase enzyme. In conclusion, the supplementation of 80 g CEYY kg diet–1 could be indicated for tambaqui, as it improved growth performance, plasma lysozyme and intestinal lactate.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"448 - 472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45148947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-19DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2021.1976346
Geronimo Leonardi, A. Nunes, Miguel Badillo, L. Burri
ABSTRACT To investigate the potential of high-protein krill meal (HPK) to improve growth in low-cost diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), a commercial control and a 3% HPK diet were compared. To simulate a semi-intensive culture system, a total of 4,500 shrimp with a body weight (BW) of 3.07 ± 0.01 g were stocked with 25 animals/m2 in 20 cages in a 2.16-ha pond. After 60 days of rearing, the 3% HPK diet achieved a significantly higher yield (22,094.0 ± 130.35 g/cage) in comparison to the control diet (19,301.6 ± 272.28 g/cage) (P < 0.05). When the feed cost per kg shrimp produced was compared, it was significantly lower in the 3% HPK group (US$1.01/kg shrimp) when compared to the control group (US$1.11/kg shrimp). The results indicate that low feeding cost diets can profit from the partial replacement of fish meal by HPK to optimize shrimp growth performance without increasing formula cost.
{"title":"High protein krill meal as a tool to optimize low cost formulas for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei diets farmed under semi-intensive conditions","authors":"Geronimo Leonardi, A. Nunes, Miguel Badillo, L. Burri","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.1976346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.1976346","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To investigate the potential of high-protein krill meal (HPK) to improve growth in low-cost diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), a commercial control and a 3% HPK diet were compared. To simulate a semi-intensive culture system, a total of 4,500 shrimp with a body weight (BW) of 3.07 ± 0.01 g were stocked with 25 animals/m2 in 20 cages in a 2.16-ha pond. After 60 days of rearing, the 3% HPK diet achieved a significantly higher yield (22,094.0 ± 130.35 g/cage) in comparison to the control diet (19,301.6 ± 272.28 g/cage) (P < 0.05). When the feed cost per kg shrimp produced was compared, it was significantly lower in the 3% HPK group (US$1.01/kg shrimp) when compared to the control group (US$1.11/kg shrimp). The results indicate that low feeding cost diets can profit from the partial replacement of fish meal by HPK to optimize shrimp growth performance without increasing formula cost.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"437 - 447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42977070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-12DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2021.1973937
M. Abdelaty, Lafi Al-Solami, Mamdouh A. Al-Harbi, Mohamed Abu El-Regal
ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of probiotic products composed of different Bacillus spp on the survival and metamorphosis of sea cucumber larvae and tracks their impact on juvenile development, survival ratio and water quality. In addition to the control, three types of commercial probiotics, PLUS10, SKB01 and SKB0, were used. The experiment was conducted in three replications, each with 500 liter tanks containing 50,000 larvae (100 larvae/liter), over 40 days and in a completely randomized design. The experiment was conducted in three replicates, each with 500 liter tanks containing 50,000 larvae (100 larvae/liter), over 40 days and in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the larval metamorphosis and settlement are varied insignificantly with probiotics and significantly with days of application whereas no noticeable changes occur with SKB01 and SKB02. Furthermore, the survival rate decreased slightly with the PLUS10 (11.1 ± 4.2) compared to the control and falling dramatically with SKB01 and SKB02. Additionally, there was a marked improvement in larvae growth with PLUS 10. Finally, Finally, probiotics such as SKB01, SKB02, and PLUS10 enhance water quality, but they have a little negative impact on survival rates at this stage. As a result, it is recommended they can be utilized in the juvenile stage rather than the Auricularia stage. Consequently, further research on the impact of probiotics on the growth rates of Auricularia are urgently required.
{"title":"Using various probiotic forms to boost sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) performance and quality in Red Sea, Saudi Arabia","authors":"M. Abdelaty, Lafi Al-Solami, Mamdouh A. Al-Harbi, Mohamed Abu El-Regal","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.1973937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.1973937","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of probiotic products composed of different Bacillus spp on the survival and metamorphosis of sea cucumber larvae and tracks their impact on juvenile development, survival ratio and water quality. In addition to the control, three types of commercial probiotics, PLUS10, SKB01 and SKB0, were used. The experiment was conducted in three replications, each with 500 liter tanks containing 50,000 larvae (100 larvae/liter), over 40 days and in a completely randomized design. The experiment was conducted in three replicates, each with 500 liter tanks containing 50,000 larvae (100 larvae/liter), over 40 days and in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the larval metamorphosis and settlement are varied insignificantly with probiotics and significantly with days of application whereas no noticeable changes occur with SKB01 and SKB02. Furthermore, the survival rate decreased slightly with the PLUS10 (11.1 ± 4.2) compared to the control and falling dramatically with SKB01 and SKB02. Additionally, there was a marked improvement in larvae growth with PLUS 10. Finally, Finally, probiotics such as SKB01, SKB02, and PLUS10 enhance water quality, but they have a little negative impact on survival rates at this stage. As a result, it is recommended they can be utilized in the juvenile stage rather than the Auricularia stage. Consequently, further research on the impact of probiotics on the growth rates of Auricularia are urgently required.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"423 - 436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45713827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2021.1970687
Afjal Hossain
ABSTRACT The mass production of fish in a developing country like Bangladesh has ensured food security with quality of fish hardly. The purpose of this study thus is to identify the implicit price of the fish quality characteristics. In total, 200 consumers were randomly interviewed from three different coastal districts of Bangladesh where both farmed and wild fish were available. The consumers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire during their purchase and the semi-log functional form of regression model was applied to explore the implicit price of the fish quality characteristics. The findings indicated that consumers’ high payment (at least 61% price premium) on wild fish for its taste, size, and eye character. However, it was found that consumers preferred farmed fish for its freshness and bright color while they disfavored swollen abdomen and odor. The results also revealed that consumers paid 18% more for the farmed fish freshness and 9% less for the fish with odor and swollen abdomen. It was also noticed that quantity of the fish and presence of bones were the influential factors of reducing the price of both fish. The study implies that fish farmers need to produce fish considering quality characteristics rather than producing more since good food ensures good health. The study refers to the implementation of the ‘Government Fishery Act’ for increasing the wild fish stock including different small indigenous species, catfish, and hilsha for consumers’ demands and preferences.
{"title":"Quantity or quality of fish in a developing country: A hedonic analysis","authors":"Afjal Hossain","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.1970687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.1970687","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The mass production of fish in a developing country like Bangladesh has ensured food security with quality of fish hardly. The purpose of this study thus is to identify the implicit price of the fish quality characteristics. In total, 200 consumers were randomly interviewed from three different coastal districts of Bangladesh where both farmed and wild fish were available. The consumers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire during their purchase and the semi-log functional form of regression model was applied to explore the implicit price of the fish quality characteristics. The findings indicated that consumers’ high payment (at least 61% price premium) on wild fish for its taste, size, and eye character. However, it was found that consumers preferred farmed fish for its freshness and bright color while they disfavored swollen abdomen and odor. The results also revealed that consumers paid 18% more for the farmed fish freshness and 9% less for the fish with odor and swollen abdomen. It was also noticed that quantity of the fish and presence of bones were the influential factors of reducing the price of both fish. The study implies that fish farmers need to produce fish considering quality characteristics rather than producing more since good food ensures good health. The study refers to the implementation of the ‘Government Fishery Act’ for increasing the wild fish stock including different small indigenous species, catfish, and hilsha for consumers’ demands and preferences.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"394 - 409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47959534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-22DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2021.1957053
M. Zafar, Md. Abu Talha, M. Rana
ABSTRACT This investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of the biofloc system on growth, digestive activity, proximate composition, and hematology of Asian stinging catfish for 120 days. Fingerlings (n = 2,700; 4.40 ± 0.10 g) were randomly distributed in six outdoor circular tanks (3,000 L) with supplementary aeration and hand-fed with a commercial diet (35% CP) at 5%–2% of the biomass in the control group and 2%–1% in the biofloc group (sugarcane molasses) to establish a (C/N) ratio 10:1. Ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and total suspended solids were significantly lower in the BFT than in the control (P < 0.05). Suspended floc significantly ameliorates mean weight gain, percent weight gain, mean total biomass, specific growth rate, and feed utilization compared to the control (P < 0.05). Protease and amylase activity in the intestine and liver lipase activity of fish were found to be significantly higher in the biofloc group (P < 0.05). An improved hematological profile was observed in the biofloc groups (P < 0.05). The crude protein and lipid content was also higher in the biofloc system than in the control. This study indicates that biofloc would be the best alternative approach for sustainable aquaculture production of Asian singing catfish.
{"title":"Effect of biofloc technology on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, proximate composition, and hematological parameters of Asian stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis)","authors":"M. Zafar, Md. Abu Talha, M. Rana","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.1957053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.1957053","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of the biofloc system on growth, digestive activity, proximate composition, and hematology of Asian stinging catfish for 120 days. Fingerlings (n = 2,700; 4.40 ± 0.10 g) were randomly distributed in six outdoor circular tanks (3,000 L) with supplementary aeration and hand-fed with a commercial diet (35% CP) at 5%–2% of the biomass in the control group and 2%–1% in the biofloc group (sugarcane molasses) to establish a (C/N) ratio 10:1. Ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and total suspended solids were significantly lower in the BFT than in the control (P < 0.05). Suspended floc significantly ameliorates mean weight gain, percent weight gain, mean total biomass, specific growth rate, and feed utilization compared to the control (P < 0.05). Protease and amylase activity in the intestine and liver lipase activity of fish were found to be significantly higher in the biofloc group (P < 0.05). An improved hematological profile was observed in the biofloc groups (P < 0.05). The crude protein and lipid content was also higher in the biofloc system than in the control. This study indicates that biofloc would be the best alternative approach for sustainable aquaculture production of Asian singing catfish.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":"34 1","pages":"755 - 773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48607856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2021.1961966
S. Thanigaivel, John Thomas, A. Vickram, G. Gulothungan, R. Nanmaran, D. Jenila Rani
ABSTRACT The antioxidant activity and antibacterial efficacy of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Chaetomorpha linum were tested against bacterial infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed the efficacy of ethanolic extract of C. linum in controlling the P. aeruginosa infection. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy analysis of purified fractions of ethanolic extract was also performed. Ichthyotoxic bioassay of purified seaweed extracts was performed to assess its toxic effect in rohu fish and found to be nontoxic. Experimental pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa showed exophthalmia, reduced intake of feed, and lesions on the body. LD 50 was achieved at the 3.96 × 102 at 48 h and 4.82 × 103 at 72 h in the experimental pathogenicity. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of C. linum can be used as an alternate source for controlling P. aeruginosa infection in L. rohita.
{"title":"Antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy of Chaetomorpha linum and its toxicological evaluation for the prophylactic treatment against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in Labeo rohita","authors":"S. Thanigaivel, John Thomas, A. Vickram, G. Gulothungan, R. Nanmaran, D. Jenila Rani","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.1961966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.1961966","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The antioxidant activity and antibacterial efficacy of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Chaetomorpha linum were tested against bacterial infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed the efficacy of ethanolic extract of C. linum in controlling the P. aeruginosa infection. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy analysis of purified fractions of ethanolic extract was also performed. Ichthyotoxic bioassay of purified seaweed extracts was performed to assess its toxic effect in rohu fish and found to be nontoxic. Experimental pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa showed exophthalmia, reduced intake of feed, and lesions on the body. LD 50 was achieved at the 3.96 × 102 at 48 h and 4.82 × 103 at 72 h in the experimental pathogenicity. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of C. linum can be used as an alternate source for controlling P. aeruginosa infection in L. rohita.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"350 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49509025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2021.1962780
A. Öktener
ABSTRACT Lepeophtheirus salmonis was collected from the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in Turkey. It is known as the salmon louse. It was obtained from fish samples that were farmed in Norway and imported to Turkey. Although it has not been proven that the salmon louse carries zoonotic or any pathogens, attention should be paid to biosecurity measures and hygiene rules in product trade among countries. This study demonstrates that the fish louse, even dead, travels between countries. In addition, Lepeophtheirus europaensis was collected from the turbot and the brill during the project to monitor demersal fish from Turkey. L. europaensis was diagnosed on wild fish in this study; it is important to know the diversity of parasites in terms of taking precautions against possible future diseases, since the farming of these fish is carried out in Turkey. L. europaensis was also reported for the first time on turbot and brill in Turkey.
{"title":"The journey of the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, a parasite of farmed Atlantic salmon from Norway to Turkey via import","authors":"A. Öktener","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.1962780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.1962780","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Lepeophtheirus salmonis was collected from the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in Turkey. It is known as the salmon louse. It was obtained from fish samples that were farmed in Norway and imported to Turkey. Although it has not been proven that the salmon louse carries zoonotic or any pathogens, attention should be paid to biosecurity measures and hygiene rules in product trade among countries. This study demonstrates that the fish louse, even dead, travels between countries. In addition, Lepeophtheirus europaensis was collected from the turbot and the brill during the project to monitor demersal fish from Turkey. L. europaensis was diagnosed on wild fish in this study; it is important to know the diversity of parasites in terms of taking precautions against possible future diseases, since the farming of these fish is carried out in Turkey. L. europaensis was also reported for the first time on turbot and brill in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"370 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42755627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-13DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2021.1958728
J. Abwao, J. Jung’a, J. Barasa, D. Kyule, M. Opiyo, Jane Fonda Awuor, E. Ogello, J. Munguti, G. Keya
ABSTRACT The aquaculture subsector is important in Kenya for food and nutritional security. The rapid growth of the subsector is evident especially in the widespread culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus); however, the gains made in the industry may be curtailed by inadequate quality seed. Currently, hatcheries are plagued by inbreeding, hybridization of related stocks, and poor-quality broodstock due to lack of proper selective breeding plans or strain improvement for broodstock development. Properly designed selective breeding programs in both public and private hatcheries will be the solution to provision of quality seeds for sustained aquaculture growth. Currently, the fingerlings produced exhibit a low growth rate under culture conditions. This review discusses the significance of genetic improvement of Oreochromis niloticus through selective breeding with reference to current and previous global experiences and reports. Genetic improvement of tilapia is important in provision of quality seeds to farmers for growth in body weight and sustainable aquaculture development. Body weight, survival, and resistance to diseases are heritable traits that can be improved through selective breeding for a long-term genetic gain and trait improvement. A strain improvement program that encompasses establishment of breeding nuclei and programs for monitoring and evaluation of hatcheries, based on the existing standard operating procedures for tilapia seed production, should be in place to ensure adherence to the procedures for stock improvement and sustainable growth of aquaculture in Kenya.
{"title":"Selective breeding of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: A strategy for increased genetic diversity and sustainable development of aquaculture in Kenya","authors":"J. Abwao, J. Jung’a, J. Barasa, D. Kyule, M. Opiyo, Jane Fonda Awuor, E. Ogello, J. Munguti, G. Keya","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.1958728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.1958728","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aquaculture subsector is important in Kenya for food and nutritional security. The rapid growth of the subsector is evident especially in the widespread culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus); however, the gains made in the industry may be curtailed by inadequate quality seed. Currently, hatcheries are plagued by inbreeding, hybridization of related stocks, and poor-quality broodstock due to lack of proper selective breeding plans or strain improvement for broodstock development. Properly designed selective breeding programs in both public and private hatcheries will be the solution to provision of quality seeds for sustained aquaculture growth. Currently, the fingerlings produced exhibit a low growth rate under culture conditions. This review discusses the significance of genetic improvement of Oreochromis niloticus through selective breeding with reference to current and previous global experiences and reports. Genetic improvement of tilapia is important in provision of quality seeds to farmers for growth in body weight and sustainable aquaculture development. Body weight, survival, and resistance to diseases are heritable traits that can be improved through selective breeding for a long-term genetic gain and trait improvement. A strain improvement program that encompasses establishment of breeding nuclei and programs for monitoring and evaluation of hatcheries, based on the existing standard operating procedures for tilapia seed production, should be in place to ensure adherence to the procedures for stock improvement and sustainable growth of aquaculture in Kenya.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"237 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44860270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-11DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2021.1960230
E. Erondu, B. U. Akpoilih, Frances S. John
ABSTRACT Several reports show that aquaculture is the fastest food-producing sector globally, contributing nearly half of global fish production from all sectors. However, there has been a steady decline in production of fish oil (FO), which supports intensive aquaculture production. This has resulted in variable but generally increasing prices of FO. Finding suitable alternatives to scarce FO is essential for aquaculture sustainability. Therefore an experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of complete FO substitution with vegetable oil (VO) in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings on growth performance, whole-body composition, and protein retention. Four isonitrogenous (30% crude protein), isolipidic (8% crude lipid), and isocalorific (17 MJ kg−1gross energy) basal diets were formulated as follows: a control diet was formulated to contain 5% FO and labeled FOD (fish oil diet), and three other diets were formulated and labeled SOD (soya oil diet), GOD (groundnut oil diet), and POD (palm oil diet); they contained soya oil (SO), groundnut oil (GO), and palm oil (PO) respectively as total replacements for FO. Triplicate O. niloticus fingerlings (N = 120, n = 10, 1.20 ± 0.03 g, mean weight ± SD) were randomly allocated to one of four experimental diets. Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 63 days. The result obtained from the experiment revealed that dietary lipids significantly influenced growth performance and nutrient utilization of O. niloticus (P < 0.05). The fish fed POD had the least weight gain (WG) and highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with fish fed FOD, SOD, and GOD from days 7–28 (P < 0.05). At day 35 the fish fed SOD had the highest WG (P < 0.05); fish fed GOD had the least WG. The best weekly overall growth at the end of day 56 was observed in fish fed FOD; fish fed POD had the least WG. At day 63, WG of fish fed FOD declined significantly compared to fish fed GOD, POD, and SOD, which had the best growth. At the end of the trial, the best cumulative growth in fish was observed for fish fed FO; however, there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in WG and FCR between fish fed FOD and SOD. Survival was 100% for all treatments. Fish fed POD exhibited significantly lower levels of whole-body protein compared to fish fed FOD, SOD, and GOD. Fish fed a diet containing FO had the highest (P < 0.05) whole protein compared to diets with VO. However, no significant difference (P < 0.05) between whole-body protein of fish fed FOD and SOD was observed. Fish fed SOD had the highest (P < 0.5) body lipid compared with fish fed the FO, GO, and PO diets. In conclusion, the study has demonstrated that VO can completely replace FO in Nile tilapia diet without affecting growth performance of O. niloticus and that tilapia diet containing SO is a better alternative to FO compared to GO and PO. These findings are useful in dietary formulation to reduce feed costs without compromising tilapia fish grow
{"title":"Total replacement of dietary fish oil with vegetable lipid sources influenced growth performance, whole body composition, and protein retention in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings","authors":"E. Erondu, B. U. Akpoilih, Frances S. John","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.1960230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.1960230","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Several reports show that aquaculture is the fastest food-producing sector globally, contributing nearly half of global fish production from all sectors. However, there has been a steady decline in production of fish oil (FO), which supports intensive aquaculture production. This has resulted in variable but generally increasing prices of FO. Finding suitable alternatives to scarce FO is essential for aquaculture sustainability. Therefore an experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of complete FO substitution with vegetable oil (VO) in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings on growth performance, whole-body composition, and protein retention. Four isonitrogenous (30% crude protein), isolipidic (8% crude lipid), and isocalorific (17 MJ kg−1gross energy) basal diets were formulated as follows: a control diet was formulated to contain 5% FO and labeled FOD (fish oil diet), and three other diets were formulated and labeled SOD (soya oil diet), GOD (groundnut oil diet), and POD (palm oil diet); they contained soya oil (SO), groundnut oil (GO), and palm oil (PO) respectively as total replacements for FO. Triplicate O. niloticus fingerlings (N = 120, n = 10, 1.20 ± 0.03 g, mean weight ± SD) were randomly allocated to one of four experimental diets. Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 63 days. The result obtained from the experiment revealed that dietary lipids significantly influenced growth performance and nutrient utilization of O. niloticus (P < 0.05). The fish fed POD had the least weight gain (WG) and highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with fish fed FOD, SOD, and GOD from days 7–28 (P < 0.05). At day 35 the fish fed SOD had the highest WG (P < 0.05); fish fed GOD had the least WG. The best weekly overall growth at the end of day 56 was observed in fish fed FOD; fish fed POD had the least WG. At day 63, WG of fish fed FOD declined significantly compared to fish fed GOD, POD, and SOD, which had the best growth. At the end of the trial, the best cumulative growth in fish was observed for fish fed FO; however, there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in WG and FCR between fish fed FOD and SOD. Survival was 100% for all treatments. Fish fed POD exhibited significantly lower levels of whole-body protein compared to fish fed FOD, SOD, and GOD. Fish fed a diet containing FO had the highest (P < 0.05) whole protein compared to diets with VO. However, no significant difference (P < 0.05) between whole-body protein of fish fed FOD and SOD was observed. Fish fed SOD had the highest (P < 0.5) body lipid compared with fish fed the FO, GO, and PO diets. In conclusion, the study has demonstrated that VO can completely replace FO in Nile tilapia diet without affecting growth performance of O. niloticus and that tilapia diet containing SO is a better alternative to FO compared to GO and PO. These findings are useful in dietary formulation to reduce feed costs without compromising tilapia fish grow","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"330 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45950422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2021.1959861
S. Maiti, Suvendu Saha, P. Jana, A. Chowdhury, S. Khatua, T. Ghosh
ABSTRACT Aeromonas hydrophila severely hampers the farmed catfish production. A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of Andrographis paniculata leaf extract on growth, immunomodulation, and disease outbreak against A. hydrophila in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. A total of 180 juveniles of P. hypophthalmus (avg. wt. 123.33 ± 1.8 g) were distributed randomly in four groups following a completely randomized design in triplicate. Four experimental diets—C (no extract), T1 (1%), T2 (2%), and T3 (4%)—were prepared and fed twice daily. Growth metrics were calculated after 45 days and challenged with A. hydrophila. Relative percentage survival (RPS) was recorded over 15 days postchallenge. Results indicated that A. paniculata extract has a positive effect on hematobiochemical parameters and immune response. The highest (P < 0.05) pre- and postchallenge serum lysozyme activity, respiratory burst activity, and globulin level were found in the T2 group and lowest in the T0 group. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentage weight gain and SGR and lowest FCR were found in the T2 group than in the other groups. RPS was highest (P < 0.05) in the T2 group, followed by the T1 and T3 groups, compared to the control. Results suggest that A. paniculata leaf extract at a level of 2% could improve growth, immunity, and disease resistance against A. hydrophila by enhancing innate immunity in P. hypophthalmus.
{"title":"Effect of dietary Andrographis paniculata leaf extract on growth, immunity, and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Pangasianodon hypopthalmus","authors":"S. Maiti, Suvendu Saha, P. Jana, A. Chowdhury, S. Khatua, T. Ghosh","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.1959861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.1959861","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aeromonas hydrophila severely hampers the farmed catfish production. A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of Andrographis paniculata leaf extract on growth, immunomodulation, and disease outbreak against A. hydrophila in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. A total of 180 juveniles of P. hypophthalmus (avg. wt. 123.33 ± 1.8 g) were distributed randomly in four groups following a completely randomized design in triplicate. Four experimental diets—C (no extract), T1 (1%), T2 (2%), and T3 (4%)—were prepared and fed twice daily. Growth metrics were calculated after 45 days and challenged with A. hydrophila. Relative percentage survival (RPS) was recorded over 15 days postchallenge. Results indicated that A. paniculata extract has a positive effect on hematobiochemical parameters and immune response. The highest (P < 0.05) pre- and postchallenge serum lysozyme activity, respiratory burst activity, and globulin level were found in the T2 group and lowest in the T0 group. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentage weight gain and SGR and lowest FCR were found in the T2 group than in the other groups. RPS was highest (P < 0.05) in the T2 group, followed by the T1 and T3 groups, compared to the control. Results suggest that A. paniculata leaf extract at a level of 2% could improve growth, immunity, and disease resistance against A. hydrophila by enhancing innate immunity in P. hypophthalmus.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"305 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45600386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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