Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/jamp.2023.1110192
Jiyao Yang, Yun Liu, Guoyi He
In vortex streets, the kinematics performance of self-propelled full freedom filament is closely related to the length and the position of filaments in the flow field. In this paper, the changes of passive propulsion velocity and pressure of full-degree-of-freedom filaments after cylindrical wake were analyzed by 15 sets of experiments when the length and position of filaments were changed. The results show that the propulsive velocity of the filament, it approximately increases first and then decreases with the filament length increasing, and the further away from the center of the cylinder, the smaller the propulsive velocity of the filament. In addition, the longer the filament length and the further it is from the center of the cylinder, the lower the pressure around the filament. Experiments show that filaments without energy input can obtain energy from the surrounding flow field to maintain self-propelled motion. Studying the influence of length and position on the kinematics of filaments is helpful to provide a reference for revealing the hydrodynamic mechanism on passive propulsion process and developing low resistance energy harvesting device in swimming fish movement.
{"title":"The Kinematics Performance of Self-Propelled Full Freedom Filament in Wakes of Flow around Cylinder","authors":"Jiyao Yang, Yun Liu, Guoyi He","doi":"10.4236/jamp.2023.1110192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2023.1110192","url":null,"abstract":"In vortex streets, the kinematics performance of self-propelled full freedom filament is closely related to the length and the position of filaments in the flow field. In this paper, the changes of passive propulsion velocity and pressure of full-degree-of-freedom filaments after cylindrical wake were analyzed by 15 sets of experiments when the length and position of filaments were changed. The results show that the propulsive velocity of the filament, it approximately increases first and then decreases with the filament length increasing, and the further away from the center of the cylinder, the smaller the propulsive velocity of the filament. In addition, the longer the filament length and the further it is from the center of the cylinder, the lower the pressure around the filament. Experiments show that filaments without energy input can obtain energy from the surrounding flow field to maintain self-propelled motion. Studying the influence of length and position on the kinematics of filaments is helpful to provide a reference for revealing the hydrodynamic mechanism on passive propulsion process and developing low resistance energy harvesting device in swimming fish movement.","PeriodicalId":15035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135060341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/jamp.2023.1110197
Xiao Han, Fang Liu
In this paper, we study the viscosity solutions of the Neumann problem in a bounded C2 domain Ω, where ΔN∞ is called the normalized infinity Laplacian. The normalized infinity Laplacian was first studied by Peres, Shramm, Sheffield and Wilson from the point of randomized theory named tug-of-war, which has wide applications in optimal mass transportation, financial option price problems, digital image processing, physical engineering, etc. We give the Lipschitz regularity of the viscosity solutions of the Neumann problem. The method we adopt is to choose suitable auxiliary functions as barrier functions and combine the perturbation method and viscosity solutions theory.
{"title":"Lipschitz Regularity of Viscosity Solutions to the Infinity Laplace Equation","authors":"Xiao Han, Fang Liu","doi":"10.4236/jamp.2023.1110197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2023.1110197","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study the viscosity solutions of the Neumann problem in a bounded C2 domain Ω, where ΔN∞ is called the normalized infinity Laplacian. The normalized infinity Laplacian was first studied by Peres, Shramm, Sheffield and Wilson from the point of randomized theory named tug-of-war, which has wide applications in optimal mass transportation, financial option price problems, digital image processing, physical engineering, etc. We give the Lipschitz regularity of the viscosity solutions of the Neumann problem. The method we adopt is to choose suitable auxiliary functions as barrier functions and combine the perturbation method and viscosity solutions theory.","PeriodicalId":15035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135158175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/jamp.2023.118140
Boris Menin
This research aims to integrate Bekenstein’s bound and Landauer’s principle, providing a unified framework to understand the limits of information and energy in physical systems. By combining these principles, we explore the implications for black hole thermodynamics, astrophysics, astronomy, information theory, and the search for new laws of nature. The result includes an estimation of the number of bits stored in a black hole (less than 1.4 × 1030 bits/m3), enhancing our understanding of information storage in extreme gravitational environments. This integration offers valuable insights into the fundamental nature of information and energy, impacting scientific advancements in multiple disciplines.
{"title":"From Black Holes to Information Erasure: Uniting Bekenstein’s Bound and Landauer’s Principle","authors":"Boris Menin","doi":"10.4236/jamp.2023.118140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2023.118140","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to integrate Bekenstein’s bound and Landauer’s principle, providing a unified framework to understand the limits of information and energy in physical systems. By combining these principles, we explore the implications for black hole thermodynamics, astrophysics, astronomy, information theory, and the search for new laws of nature. The result includes an estimation of the number of bits stored in a black hole (less than 1.4 × 1030 bits/m3), enhancing our understanding of information storage in extreme gravitational environments. This integration offers valuable insights into the fundamental nature of information and energy, impacting scientific advancements in multiple disciplines.","PeriodicalId":15035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135989279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/jamp.2023.118142
Md. Kamrul Hasan, Mahtab U. Ahmmed, Md. Samsul Arefin
The lung is an important organ that takes part in the gas exchange process. In the study of gas transport and exchange in the human respiratory system, the complicated process of advection and diffusion (AD) in airways of human lungs is considered. The basis of a lumped parameter model or a transport equation is modeled during the inspiration process, when oxygen enters into the human lung channel. The quantitative measurements of oxygen are detached and the model equation is solved numerically by explicit finite difference schemes. Numerical simulations were made for natural breathing conditions or normal breathing conditions. The respiratory flow results for the resting conditions are found strongly dependent on the AD effect with some contribution of the unsteadiness effect. The contour of the flow rate region is labeled and AD effects are compared with the variation of small intervals of time for a constant velocity when breathing is interrupted for a negligible moment.
{"title":"A Numerical Simulation of Air Flow in the Human Respiratory System Based on Lung Model","authors":"Md. Kamrul Hasan, Mahtab U. Ahmmed, Md. Samsul Arefin","doi":"10.4236/jamp.2023.118142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2023.118142","url":null,"abstract":"The lung is an important organ that takes part in the gas exchange process. In the study of gas transport and exchange in the human respiratory system, the complicated process of advection and diffusion (AD) in airways of human lungs is considered. The basis of a lumped parameter model or a transport equation is modeled during the inspiration process, when oxygen enters into the human lung channel. The quantitative measurements of oxygen are detached and the model equation is solved numerically by explicit finite difference schemes. Numerical simulations were made for natural breathing conditions or normal breathing conditions. The respiratory flow results for the resting conditions are found strongly dependent on the AD effect with some contribution of the unsteadiness effect. The contour of the flow rate region is labeled and AD effects are compared with the variation of small intervals of time for a constant velocity when breathing is interrupted for a negligible moment.","PeriodicalId":15035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136079503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cavitation in plant conduits only involves two processes of air bubbles: the gradual expansion and elongation, and the explosion event. An explosion event of cavitation, which can only occur in intact conduit at water tension, trigs acoustic (or ultrasound) emission and induces air to diffuse with high speed, simultaneously. Synchrotron X-ray phase contrast microscopy (XPCM) was used to capture cavitation event in intact conduits of leaves of corn and rice. Cavitation events occur in certain areas of leaves and have a certain time frame. Before XPCM experiment, several preliminary experiments were done as follows: 1) Paraffin sections of leaves of different species were observed to select samples and to determine the occurrence area of cavitation event of leaves. 2) The time frame of cavitation occurrence was determined by ultrasonic emission. 3) The water potentials of leaves were determined, to know the water state of the leaves during cavitation. Locked the area and time frame of cavitation event in the leaves, consecutive XPCM images of cavitation process were more easily acquired. The images show that the phenomenon of gas bubble fully filling conduits for an instant took place in intact conduits of detached leaves of corn and rice more easily. It is that the gas diffusing in a moment was caused by the explosion of the air seeds which had entered in the intact conduits of the leaves. For living plants, it is suggested that the explosion event of cavitation is the most important for embolism formation.
{"title":"Explosion Event of Cavitation in Intact Xylem Conduit","authors":"Xingyue Li, Fanyi Shen, Tiqiao Xiao, Yanling Xue, Li Zhang, Rongfu Gao, Qian Zhang","doi":"10.4236/jamp.2023.1110183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2023.1110183","url":null,"abstract":"Cavitation in plant conduits only involves two processes of air bubbles: the gradual expansion and elongation, and the explosion event. An explosion event of cavitation, which can only occur in intact conduit at water tension, trigs acoustic (or ultrasound) emission and induces air to diffuse with high speed, simultaneously. Synchrotron X-ray phase contrast microscopy (XPCM) was used to capture cavitation event in intact conduits of leaves of corn and rice. Cavitation events occur in certain areas of leaves and have a certain time frame. Before XPCM experiment, several preliminary experiments were done as follows: 1) Paraffin sections of leaves of different species were observed to select samples and to determine the occurrence area of cavitation event of leaves. 2) The time frame of cavitation occurrence was determined by ultrasonic emission. 3) The water potentials of leaves were determined, to know the water state of the leaves during cavitation. Locked the area and time frame of cavitation event in the leaves, consecutive XPCM images of cavitation process were more easily acquired. The images show that the phenomenon of gas bubble fully filling conduits for an instant took place in intact conduits of detached leaves of corn and rice more easily. It is that the gas diffusing in a moment was caused by the explosion of the air seeds which had entered in the intact conduits of the leaves. For living plants, it is suggested that the explosion event of cavitation is the most important for embolism formation.","PeriodicalId":15035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136259504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/jamp.2023.118152
Alexander Mengnjo, Jake Leonard Nkeck
Amongst the important phenomena in neurophysiology, nerve pulse generation and propagation is fundamental. Scientists have studied this phenomena using mathematical models based on experimental observations on the physiological processes in the nerve cell. Widely used models include: the Hodgkin-Huxley (H-H) model, which is based entirely on the electrical activity of the nerve cell; and the Heimburg and Jackson (H-J), model based on the thermodynamic activity of the nerve cell. These classes of models do not, individually, give a complete picture of the processes that lead to nerve pulse generation and propagation. Recently, a hybrid model proposed by Mengnjo, Dikandé and Ngwa (M-D-N), takes into consideration both the electrical and thermodynamic activities of the nerve cell. In their work, the first three bound states of the model are analytically computed and they showed great resemblance to some of the experimentally observed pulse profiles. With these bound states, the M-D-N model reduces to an initial value problem of a linear parabolic partial differential equation with variable coefficients. In this work we consider the resulting initial value problem and, using the theory of function spaces, propose and prove conditions under which such equations will admit unique solutions. We then verify that the resulting initial value problem from the M-D-N model satisfies these conditions and so has a unique solution. Given that the derived initial value problem is complex and there are no known analytic techniques that can be deployed to obtain its solution, we designed a numerical experiment to estimate the solutions. The simulations revealed that the unique solution is a stable pulse that propagates in the x-t plane with constant velocity and maintains the shape of the initial profile.
{"title":"On the Hybrid Model of Nerve Pulse: Mathematical Analysis and Numerical Results","authors":"Alexander Mengnjo, Jake Leonard Nkeck","doi":"10.4236/jamp.2023.118152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2023.118152","url":null,"abstract":"Amongst the important phenomena in neurophysiology, nerve pulse generation and propagation is fundamental. Scientists have studied this phenomena using mathematical models based on experimental observations on the physiological processes in the nerve cell. Widely used models include: the Hodgkin-Huxley (H-H) model, which is based entirely on the electrical activity of the nerve cell; and the Heimburg and Jackson (H-J), model based on the thermodynamic activity of the nerve cell. These classes of models do not, individually, give a complete picture of the processes that lead to nerve pulse generation and propagation. Recently, a hybrid model proposed by Mengnjo, Dikandé and Ngwa (M-D-N), takes into consideration both the electrical and thermodynamic activities of the nerve cell. In their work, the first three bound states of the model are analytically computed and they showed great resemblance to some of the experimentally observed pulse profiles. With these bound states, the M-D-N model reduces to an initial value problem of a linear parabolic partial differential equation with variable coefficients. In this work we consider the resulting initial value problem and, using the theory of function spaces, propose and prove conditions under which such equations will admit unique solutions. We then verify that the resulting initial value problem from the M-D-N model satisfies these conditions and so has a unique solution. Given that the derived initial value problem is complex and there are no known analytic techniques that can be deployed to obtain its solution, we designed a numerical experiment to estimate the solutions. The simulations revealed that the unique solution is a stable pulse that propagates in the x-t plane with constant velocity and maintains the shape of the initial profile.","PeriodicalId":15035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136256642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A predator-prey model with linear capture term Holling-II functional response was studied by using differential equation theory. The existence and the stabilities of non-negative equilibrium points of the model were discussed. The results show that under certain limited conditions, these two groups can maintain a balanced position, which provides a theoretical reference for relevant departments to make decisions on ecological protection.
{"title":"Dynamic Analysis of a Predator-Prey Model with Holling-II Functional Response","authors":"Jiemin Mo, Wanying Li, Donghuan He, Songbo Wang, Xiaoliang Zhou","doi":"10.4236/jamp.2023.1110188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2023.1110188","url":null,"abstract":"A predator-prey model with linear capture term Holling-II functional response was studied by using differential equation theory. The existence and the stabilities of non-negative equilibrium points of the model were discussed. The results show that under certain limited conditions, these two groups can maintain a balanced position, which provides a theoretical reference for relevant departments to make decisions on ecological protection.","PeriodicalId":15035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135053769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present the СATEС software, which implements the solution to the problems of computational acoustics. The software is based on the use of the superelement method and finite element modeling algorithms, in-cluding hydrodynamic noise. The paper presents the main possibilities of software for solving acoustic design problems.
{"title":"Software for Acoustic Design","authors":"Anatoliy Sergeevich Suvorov, Oleg Fedorovich Sevriukov, Evgeniy Mikhailovich Sokov, Mikhail Borisovich Salin, Svetlana Georgievna Zaitseva, Varvara Alekseevna Sharagina","doi":"10.4236/jamp.2023.118162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2023.118162","url":null,"abstract":"We present the СATEС software, which implements the solution to the problems of computational acoustics. The software is based on the use of the superelement method and finite element modeling algorithms, in-cluding hydrodynamic noise. The paper presents the main possibilities of software for solving acoustic design problems.","PeriodicalId":15035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135056486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The aim of this work was to examine the relationship between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as indicator of renal efficiency potentially related to the ability to release radioactive iodine from the patients bodies and the radioactive iodine whole body effective half-life (WBEHL) defined as the time taken for the administered activity to decay to half of its value for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients undergoing radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) in a tertiary care medical Centre. Methods: This retrospective observational study included seventy nine patients, sixty females and nineteen males. The patients were divided in two subgroups, those who have WBEHL of less than 11 hours (n = 51) and those with more than 11 (n = 28) hrs based on k-means clustering technique. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find out if there is a statistically significant difference between the two subgroups Conclusion: There was not a statistically significant difference between the short and the longer WBEHL patients’ groups analyzed in this study.
{"title":"Relationship between Whole Body Iodine-131 Effective Half-Life and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate for Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients Undergoing Radioactive Iodine Therapy","authors":"Asim Abualnaja, Hanaa Alsheikh, Khaled Soliman, Meshal Alnefaie, Abdulraheem Alsheri","doi":"10.4236/jamp.2023.118158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2023.118158","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this work was to examine the relationship between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as indicator of renal efficiency potentially related to the ability to release radioactive iodine from the patients bodies and the radioactive iodine whole body effective half-life (WBEHL) defined as the time taken for the administered activity to decay to half of its value for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients undergoing radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) in a tertiary care medical Centre. Methods: This retrospective observational study included seventy nine patients, sixty females and nineteen males. The patients were divided in two subgroups, those who have WBEHL of less than 11 hours (n = 51) and those with more than 11 (n = 28) hrs based on k-means clustering technique. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find out if there is a statistically significant difference between the two subgroups Conclusion: There was not a statistically significant difference between the short and the longer WBEHL patients’ groups analyzed in this study.","PeriodicalId":15035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135056488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/jamp.2023.1110208
Nicolas Yvain, Isaac Elishakoff
In this article, analytical results are obtained apparently for the first time in the literature, for the lower and upper bounds of the roots of quadratic equations when two or all three coefficients a, b, c constitute an interval, with a method called the sign-variation analysis. The results are compared with the parametrization technique offered by Elishakoff and Miglis, and with the solution yielded by minimization and maximization commands of the Maple software. Solutions for some interval word problems are also provided to edulcorate the methodology. This article only focuses on the real roots of those quadratic equations, complex solutions being beyond this investigation.
{"title":"Novel Method to Deal with Interval Quadratic Equations via Sign-Variation Analysis","authors":"Nicolas Yvain, Isaac Elishakoff","doi":"10.4236/jamp.2023.1110208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2023.1110208","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, analytical results are obtained apparently for the first time in the literature, for the lower and upper bounds of the roots of quadratic equations when two or all three coefficients a, b, c constitute an interval, with a method called the sign-variation analysis. The results are compared with the parametrization technique offered by Elishakoff and Miglis, and with the solution yielded by minimization and maximization commands of the Maple software. Solutions for some interval word problems are also provided to edulcorate the methodology. This article only focuses on the real roots of those quadratic equations, complex solutions being beyond this investigation.","PeriodicalId":15035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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