Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26502/jbb.2642-91280047
Tjasa Vizin Zlobec, A. Pišlar, I. Christensen, H. Nielsen, P. Meško Brguljan, J. Kos
Janko Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin X Defines a Multifunctional Role of Gamma- Enolase In Cancer. Abstract Gamma-enolase enzymatic activity is involved in glycolysis, a prevalent process in cancer cell metabolism. Additionally, gamma-enolase has a pro-survival function, exhibited through the active site at the C-terminal end of the molecule. This activity is regulated by cysteine peptidase cathepsin X, which cleaves two amino acids at C-terminal end of gamma-enolase. In clinical practice, the determination of gamma-enolase as a tumour marker does not differ between total, uncleaved and C-terminally cleaved forms. However, levels of uncleaved gamma-enolase alone may provide additional clinical information. In this study we analysed cathepsin X, C- terminally uncleaved and total gamma-enolase in tumour cell lines and sera from 255 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) by western blot, immunoprecipitation, enzymatic activity, ELISAs and ECLIA. Results show that uncleaved gamma-enolase, rather than total gamma- enolase, exhibits different levels in cells, being the highest in those, derived from metastatic sites or highly invasive tumours. Gamma-enolase is secreted into the extracellular space predominantly as an uncleaved form and levels were congruent to those within the cells. Furthermore, levels of uncleaved gamma-enolase in cells are inversely related to cathepsin X protein level and its enzymatic activity. Uncleaved gamma-enolase is also predominant form in sera of patients with CRC. Both forms exhibit similar stage dependent distribution, with slightly elevated levels in stage IV patients. Higher levels of total gamma-enolase are significantly related to shorter survival in patients with metastatic CRC. Results support evidence of additional pro-survival function of gamma-enolase in cancer. Future studies should focus on analysis of uncleaved gamma-enolase in tumour samples, which may provide additional relations to clinical indicators of disease progression. blot analysis (Figure 3A). Taken together, these data show that uncleaved gamma-enolase and total gamma-enolase have different expression and secretion profiles in different cancer cell lines and that the levels of uncleaved gamma-enolase, but not total gamma-enolase, inversely correlate to the levels of active Cat X in cell lysates. Higher levels of Cat X may therefore be related with more intensive gamma-enolase C-terminal end processing. Uncleaved gamma-enolase seems to be the predominant form to be secreted from cells and its levels reflect well those found in cell extracts. Extracellular forms are not dependent on Cat X, which is present in supernatants predominantly as inactive pro-enzyme. and lysates. While total gamma- enolase is uniformly in all analysed lines, uncleaved gamma-enolase has different expression levels. Cat X is expressed mainly as active enzyme and its expression is inversely related to uncleaved gamma-enolase expression: the highest expression of active Cat X can be
{"title":"Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin X Defines a Multifunctional Role of Gamma- Enolase in Cancer","authors":"Tjasa Vizin Zlobec, A. Pišlar, I. Christensen, H. Nielsen, P. Meško Brguljan, J. Kos","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-91280047","url":null,"abstract":"Janko Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin X Defines a Multifunctional Role of Gamma- Enolase In Cancer. Abstract Gamma-enolase enzymatic activity is involved in glycolysis, a prevalent process in cancer cell metabolism. Additionally, gamma-enolase has a pro-survival function, exhibited through the active site at the C-terminal end of the molecule. This activity is regulated by cysteine peptidase cathepsin X, which cleaves two amino acids at C-terminal end of gamma-enolase. In clinical practice, the determination of gamma-enolase as a tumour marker does not differ between total, uncleaved and C-terminally cleaved forms. However, levels of uncleaved gamma-enolase alone may provide additional clinical information. In this study we analysed cathepsin X, C- terminally uncleaved and total gamma-enolase in tumour cell lines and sera from 255 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) by western blot, immunoprecipitation, enzymatic activity, ELISAs and ECLIA. Results show that uncleaved gamma-enolase, rather than total gamma- enolase, exhibits different levels in cells, being the highest in those, derived from metastatic sites or highly invasive tumours. Gamma-enolase is secreted into the extracellular space predominantly as an uncleaved form and levels were congruent to those within the cells. Furthermore, levels of uncleaved gamma-enolase in cells are inversely related to cathepsin X protein level and its enzymatic activity. Uncleaved gamma-enolase is also predominant form in sera of patients with CRC. Both forms exhibit similar stage dependent distribution, with slightly elevated levels in stage IV patients. Higher levels of total gamma-enolase are significantly related to shorter survival in patients with metastatic CRC. Results support evidence of additional pro-survival function of gamma-enolase in cancer. Future studies should focus on analysis of uncleaved gamma-enolase in tumour samples, which may provide additional relations to clinical indicators of disease progression. blot analysis (Figure 3A). Taken together, these data show that uncleaved gamma-enolase and total gamma-enolase have different expression and secretion profiles in different cancer cell lines and that the levels of uncleaved gamma-enolase, but not total gamma-enolase, inversely correlate to the levels of active Cat X in cell lysates. Higher levels of Cat X may therefore be related with more intensive gamma-enolase C-terminal end processing. Uncleaved gamma-enolase seems to be the predominant form to be secreted from cells and its levels reflect well those found in cell extracts. Extracellular forms are not dependent on Cat X, which is present in supernatants predominantly as inactive pro-enzyme. and lysates. While total gamma- enolase is uniformly in all analysed lines, uncleaved gamma-enolase has different expression levels. Cat X is expressed mainly as active enzyme and its expression is inversely related to uncleaved gamma-enolase expression: the highest expression of active Cat X can be ","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87486561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26502/jbb.2642-912800x46
C. Schinocca, D. Di Liberto, P. Mansueto, M. Lo Pizzo, G. Grasso, Emilia Messana, F. Dieli, F. Ciccia, G. Guggino, A. Carroccio
{"title":"Effect of The Gluten-Free Diet on Quality of Life, Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Immune System in Patients with Fibromyalgia and Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity. Fibromyalgia and Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity","authors":"C. Schinocca, D. Di Liberto, P. Mansueto, M. Lo Pizzo, G. Grasso, Emilia Messana, F. Dieli, F. Ciccia, G. Guggino, A. Carroccio","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-912800x46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-912800x46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"189 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74190812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26502/jbb.2642-280053
M. Rahman, Al‐Nakib Chowdhury, Mahabubur Rahman, Md. Manwarul Islam
Effect Manganese Oxide-Loaded Carbon Abstract Nanoparticles increase their activity due to their large surface-to-volume ratio. It has promoted research to check the antibacterial activity of the synthesized manganese oxide nanoparticles of actual size. Carbon Nanotube (CNT) shows excellent potential as a biomedical substrate based on its high chemical stability, elasticity, mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and nano-level attachment of CNT with microbiologically susceptible manganese oxide materials that opens new possibilities to enhance the antibacterial delivery system. Functionalized CNTs with nanoactive materials realize nanoscaled containers in which the active content is encapsulated by a protecting carbon shell. CNT itself doesn't have any antibacterial activity and can frequently release the carrying drugs to the target places in specific chemical environments. The ability to functionalize the sidewalls of CNT also leads to biomedical applications such as neuron growth and regeneration. This research focuses on the amplified application of CNT as a nano-carrier based delivery vehicle and their appropriate design for desired drug delivery results in different areas of infectious diseases.
{"title":"Drug Delivery: Bactericidal Effect of Manganese Oxide-Loaded Carbon Nanotubes Enhances Drug Efficiency","authors":"M. Rahman, Al‐Nakib Chowdhury, Mahabubur Rahman, Md. Manwarul Islam","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-280053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-280053","url":null,"abstract":"Effect Manganese Oxide-Loaded Carbon Abstract Nanoparticles increase their activity due to their large surface-to-volume ratio. It has promoted research to check the antibacterial activity of the synthesized manganese oxide nanoparticles of actual size. Carbon Nanotube (CNT) shows excellent potential as a biomedical substrate based on its high chemical stability, elasticity, mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and nano-level attachment of CNT with microbiologically susceptible manganese oxide materials that opens new possibilities to enhance the antibacterial delivery system. Functionalized CNTs with nanoactive materials realize nanoscaled containers in which the active content is encapsulated by a protecting carbon shell. CNT itself doesn't have any antibacterial activity and can frequently release the carrying drugs to the target places in specific chemical environments. The ability to functionalize the sidewalls of CNT also leads to biomedical applications such as neuron growth and regeneration. This research focuses on the amplified application of CNT as a nano-carrier based delivery vehicle and their appropriate design for desired drug delivery results in different areas of infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"139 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91493890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26502/jbb.2642-91280061
Isabel Samila Lima Castro, Pedro Ricardo Rossi Marques Barreiros, T. A. de Oliveira Mendes, J. Florez, E. A. Andrade Silva, Brenda Neves Porto, L. Zambolim, E. T. Caixeta
The present study sought to analyze the putative secreted proteins of Hemileia vastatrix , with potential to function as effector proteins. The H. vastatrix secretome was subjected to functional categorization and the greatest similarities were observed between species of the genus Puccinia sp (398), and Melampsora larici-populina (82). Based on the secretome, 415 Gene Ontology terms were extracted. The putative secretome was also compared to the high-throughput transcriptome of coffee- H. vastatrix interactions. By the transcriptome comparison data and the results of functional annotation and characteristics associated with effector proteins, 15 genes were selected and analyzed using RT-qPCR during compatible and incompatible coffee- H. vastatrix interactions. The expression patterns suggested that the EHv33-18 and EHv33-25 candidate effector may be responsible for faster communication between pathogen and the host during incompatible interaction. Other six candidate are involved in the biotrophic stage of infection, which is characterized by an increase in the expression of effectors, and in enzymes involved in secondary metabolism. Phylogenetic analysis suggest that these eight genes follow evolutionary mechanisms exclusive to the coffee- H. vastatrix interaction, making them important targets in studies aimed at obtaining durable resistance to this disease. Interactomic network made between coffee proteins and H. vastatrix proteins was obtained for the first time and revealed a wide network of interactions between effector EHv33-19 and coffee proteins. The obtained results suggest that there may be communication between the pathogen and the host in the early stage of infection during the urediniospores germination phase. This indicated pre-haustorial resistance complementary to post-haustorial resistance.
本研究旨在分析可能具有效应蛋白功能的半横肌的分泌蛋白。用功能分类法对大叶菊的分泌组进行了分类，发现大叶菊属(398)和落叶松-populina Melampsora laricii -populina(82)的分泌组相似性最大。基于分泌组提取了415个基因本体术语。假定的分泌组也与咖啡- H. vastatrix相互作用的高通量转录组进行了比较。通过转录组比较数据和效应蛋白相关功能注释的结果，选择15个基因进行RT-qPCR分析相容和不相容咖啡-石竹相互作用。这些表达模式表明，EHv33-18和EHv33-25候选效应物可能在不相容互作过程中加速了病原体与宿主之间的通信。其他六个候选基因参与了感染的生物营养阶段，其特征是效应物表达的增加，以及参与次级代谢的酶的表达。系统发育分析表明，这8个基因遵循咖啡- H. vastatrix相互作用特有的进化机制，使它们成为旨在获得对该疾病持久抗性的研究的重要靶点。首次获得了咖啡蛋白与H. vastatrix蛋白之间的相互作用网络，揭示了效应物EHv33-19与咖啡蛋白之间广泛的相互作用网络。研究结果表明，在孢子萌发的早期感染阶段，病原菌与寄主之间可能存在交流。这表明吸器前抗性与吸器后抗性互补。
{"title":"Gene Expression and Interactome Analysis of Candidate Effectors Associated with Pre- and Post-Haustorial Hemileia vastatrix-Coffee Interaction","authors":"Isabel Samila Lima Castro, Pedro Ricardo Rossi Marques Barreiros, T. A. de Oliveira Mendes, J. Florez, E. A. Andrade Silva, Brenda Neves Porto, L. Zambolim, E. T. Caixeta","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-91280061","url":null,"abstract":"The present study sought to analyze the putative secreted proteins of Hemileia vastatrix , with potential to function as effector proteins. The H. vastatrix secretome was subjected to functional categorization and the greatest similarities were observed between species of the genus Puccinia sp (398), and Melampsora larici-populina (82). Based on the secretome, 415 Gene Ontology terms were extracted. The putative secretome was also compared to the high-throughput transcriptome of coffee- H. vastatrix interactions. By the transcriptome comparison data and the results of functional annotation and characteristics associated with effector proteins, 15 genes were selected and analyzed using RT-qPCR during compatible and incompatible coffee- H. vastatrix interactions. The expression patterns suggested that the EHv33-18 and EHv33-25 candidate effector may be responsible for faster communication between pathogen and the host during incompatible interaction. Other six candidate are involved in the biotrophic stage of infection, which is characterized by an increase in the expression of effectors, and in enzymes involved in secondary metabolism. Phylogenetic analysis suggest that these eight genes follow evolutionary mechanisms exclusive to the coffee- H. vastatrix interaction, making them important targets in studies aimed at obtaining durable resistance to this disease. Interactomic network made between coffee proteins and H. vastatrix proteins was obtained for the first time and revealed a wide network of interactions between effector EHv33-19 and coffee proteins. The obtained results suggest that there may be communication between the pathogen and the host in the early stage of infection during the urediniospores germination phase. This indicated pre-haustorial resistance complementary to post-haustorial resistance.","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76072095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26502/jbb.2642-1280052
P. Cocchiaro, Cristina Giorgio, Rubina Novelli, A. Aramini, M. Allegretti, L. Brandolini
Neurotrophins (NTs) are pleiotropic molecules that can exert a variety of function in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, modulating survival, development and function of neurons. Due to their crucial involvement in the development and innervation of the inner ear, NTs have been considered as potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of hearing loss. Positive results obtained in various preclinical models of hearing loss opened the way for the clinical use of NTs to counteract synaptopathy, improve cochlear implant performance or prevent long-term neural loss after noise exposure. However, although promising results have been obtained also in clinical trials, NT treatments for hearing loss have not yet achieved the clinical practice. Here, we will review the repair and regeneration potential of inner ear cells and discuss how NTs can contribute to these processes and can thus be used for the treatment of hearing loss. In this context, we will examine the limitations of current NT treatments and the status of development of novel NT-based potential therapeutic approaches for hearing diseases. J Biotechnol Biomed 2022; 5 (2): 117-136 DOI: 10.26502/jbb.2642-1280052 Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine 118
{"title":"The Role of Neurotrophins in Hearing Loss and their Implications in Developing Innovative Therapies","authors":"P. Cocchiaro, Cristina Giorgio, Rubina Novelli, A. Aramini, M. Allegretti, L. Brandolini","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-1280052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-1280052","url":null,"abstract":"Neurotrophins (NTs) are pleiotropic molecules that can exert a variety of function in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, modulating survival, development and function of neurons. Due to their crucial involvement in the development and innervation of the inner ear, NTs have been considered as potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of hearing loss. Positive results obtained in various preclinical models of hearing loss opened the way for the clinical use of NTs to counteract synaptopathy, improve cochlear implant performance or prevent long-term neural loss after noise exposure. However, although promising results have been obtained also in clinical trials, NT treatments for hearing loss have not yet achieved the clinical practice. Here, we will review the repair and regeneration potential of inner ear cells and discuss how NTs can contribute to these processes and can thus be used for the treatment of hearing loss. In this context, we will examine the limitations of current NT treatments and the status of development of novel NT-based potential therapeutic approaches for hearing diseases. J Biotechnol Biomed 2022; 5 (2): 117-136 DOI: 10.26502/jbb.2642-1280052 Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine 118","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85216618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26502/jbb.2642-280048
Lanping Yu, Wen Zhang, Xuefeng Wang, Ke Zhang, Yanmin Yin, Jinlian Li, Youfei Shi
YouFei Selection of an Inactivated Enterococcus faecium and Evaluation of its Potential as an Immunomodulator via Intravenous Injection. Abstract Immunosuppression of livestock has become one of the key problems troubling the healthy development of the livestock industry in China. Research on the development of novel and highly effective immune enhancers to alleviate immunosuppression in livestock is important. In this study, a dexamethasone immunosuppressed mouse model was used to investigate the possibility of inactivated Enterococcus faecium by intravenous injection as an immunomodulatory agent. The effects of intravenous injection inactivated E. faecium in normal, model and immunosuppressed mice were examined using carbon clearance index, EdU marker cell assay, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and flow cytometry. The results showed that the inactivated E. faecium retained its intact morphology. Intravenous injection was the most potent route of administration among the different routes. The spleen, thymus and mesenteric lymph node cells of all groups of mice showed different degrees of proliferation. The cytokine expression levels, nonspecific immunity and specific immune function of normal, and DXM-immunosuppressed mice were significantly increased by intravenous injection of different doses of inactivated E. faecium . The above studies suggest that morphologically intact inactivated E. faecium can exert good immune enhancing effects by intravenous injection into mice, which has potential wide application in human medicine and veterinary clinics.
{"title":"Selection of an Inactivated Enterococcus faecium and Evaluation of its Potential as an Immunomodulator via Intravenous Injection","authors":"Lanping Yu, Wen Zhang, Xuefeng Wang, Ke Zhang, Yanmin Yin, Jinlian Li, Youfei Shi","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-280048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-280048","url":null,"abstract":"YouFei Selection of an Inactivated Enterococcus faecium and Evaluation of its Potential as an Immunomodulator via Intravenous Injection. Abstract Immunosuppression of livestock has become one of the key problems troubling the healthy development of the livestock industry in China. Research on the development of novel and highly effective immune enhancers to alleviate immunosuppression in livestock is important. In this study, a dexamethasone immunosuppressed mouse model was used to investigate the possibility of inactivated Enterococcus faecium by intravenous injection as an immunomodulatory agent. The effects of intravenous injection inactivated E. faecium in normal, model and immunosuppressed mice were examined using carbon clearance index, EdU marker cell assay, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and flow cytometry. The results showed that the inactivated E. faecium retained its intact morphology. Intravenous injection was the most potent route of administration among the different routes. The spleen, thymus and mesenteric lymph node cells of all groups of mice showed different degrees of proliferation. The cytokine expression levels, nonspecific immunity and specific immune function of normal, and DXM-immunosuppressed mice were significantly increased by intravenous injection of different doses of inactivated E. faecium . The above studies suggest that morphologically intact inactivated E. faecium can exert good immune enhancing effects by intravenous injection into mice, which has potential wide application in human medicine and veterinary clinics.","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85818120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26502/jbb.2642-91280056
T. Satoh
Since the first target of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a simple bioplastic, is the microbiota, it has gained attention from the public and academia because of its promising function as a prebiotic food stuff for butyrate-producing bacteria. Since mammalian digestive enzymes cannot hydrolyze PHB, it passes through the small intestine and reaches the large intestine, allowing the gut microbiota to produce 3-Hydroxybutyrate (3HB) by the depolymerization of PHB around them. As a result, they become an energy substrate that promotes the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria and induces slight acidification of the gut environment. Thus, PHBs may be used as novel prebiotics to improve the gut environment. Based on this background, studies have proposed donating this ketone body to microbiota-mediated prebiotics, termed “ketobiotics”, to act as a microbial activator of the animal gut. Ketobiotics may help maintain the gut health of pets and industrial animals, including enhancing human antiaging in the future. Therefore, this review discusses the potential use of the prebiotic action of ketobiotics for activating butyrate-producing bacteria from other prebiotic strategies, initiated by the direct donation of 3HB to microbiota in the large intestine.
{"title":"Ketobiotics by Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate: A Novel Prebiotic Activation of Butyrate-Producing Bacteria through 3-Hydroxybutyrate Donation to the Microbiota","authors":"T. Satoh","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-91280056","url":null,"abstract":"Since the first target of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a simple bioplastic, is the microbiota, it has gained attention from the public and academia because of its promising function as a prebiotic food stuff for butyrate-producing bacteria. Since mammalian digestive enzymes cannot hydrolyze PHB, it passes through the small intestine and reaches the large intestine, allowing the gut microbiota to produce 3-Hydroxybutyrate (3HB) by the depolymerization of PHB around them. As a result, they become an energy substrate that promotes the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria and induces slight acidification of the gut environment. Thus, PHBs may be used as novel prebiotics to improve the gut environment. Based on this background, studies have proposed donating this ketone body to microbiota-mediated prebiotics, termed “ketobiotics”, to act as a microbial activator of the animal gut. Ketobiotics may help maintain the gut health of pets and industrial animals, including enhancing human antiaging in the future. Therefore, this review discusses the potential use of the prebiotic action of ketobiotics for activating butyrate-producing bacteria from other prebiotic strategies, initiated by the direct donation of 3HB to microbiota in the large intestine.","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91335016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-19DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.18.21265169
Gilda Lemos-Pérez, Sheila Chávez-Valdés, Hany González-Formental, Giselle Freyre-Corrales, Amalia Vázquez-Arteaga, Beatriz Álvarez-Acevedo, L. Ávila-Díaz, Ricardo U. Martínez-Rosales, Yahima Chacón-Quintero, Edelgis Coizeau-Rodríguez, Ariel Palenzuela-Diaz, Enrique Noa-Romero, G. Guillén-Nieto
SARS-CoV-2, a recently emerged coronavirus, is causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide since December 2019, posing an enormous health, social and economic problem. Obtaining effective treatments that can diminish deaths and sequelae and vaccines to slow or prevent viral transmission, and reduce disease severity and/or death are of utmost importance. Abdala is a Cuban vaccine based on the recombinant RBD subunit of the spike protein expressed in Pichia pastoris yeast. It demonstrated high efficacy (92.28 %) in phase III clinical trials for reducing transmission, and more than 90% effectiveness in reducing disease severity and mortality. Antibody titers were evaluated in 42 Abdala vaccinees using the Elecsys(R) Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S test. Fifteen days after immunization, sera from vaccinees showed high antibody titers (median of 1595 U/mL). The results obtained in this study also demonstrate correlation between the Cuban test UMELISA SARS-CoV-2 ANTI RBD used during the clinical trials and Elecsys(R) test results.
自2019年12月以来，新出现的冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2在全球范围内造成了高发病率和高死亡率，造成了巨大的健康、社会和经济问题。获得可减少死亡和后遗症的有效治疗以及减缓或预防病毒传播、降低疾病严重程度和/或死亡的疫苗至关重要。Abdala是一种古巴疫苗，基于毕赤酵母中表达的刺突蛋白的重组RBD亚基。在III期临床试验中，它在减少传播方面显示出很高的疗效(92.28%)，在降低疾病严重程度和死亡率方面的有效性超过90%。使用Elecsys(R) Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S试验对42名Abdala疫苗接种者进行抗体滴度评估。免疫15天后，接种者血清抗体滴度较高(中位数为1595 U/mL)。本研究的结果也证明了临床试验中使用的古巴检测方法UMELISA SARS-CoV-2 ANTI RBD与Elecsys(R)检测结果之间的相关性。
{"title":"Elevated antibody titers in Abdala vaccinees evaluated by Elecsys(R) anti-SARS-CoV-2 S highly correlate with UMELISA SARS-CoV-2 ANTI RBD, ACE-2 binding inhibition and viral neutralization assays.","authors":"Gilda Lemos-Pérez, Sheila Chávez-Valdés, Hany González-Formental, Giselle Freyre-Corrales, Amalia Vázquez-Arteaga, Beatriz Álvarez-Acevedo, L. Ávila-Díaz, Ricardo U. Martínez-Rosales, Yahima Chacón-Quintero, Edelgis Coizeau-Rodríguez, Ariel Palenzuela-Diaz, Enrique Noa-Romero, G. Guillén-Nieto","doi":"10.1101/2021.10.18.21265169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.18.21265169","url":null,"abstract":"SARS-CoV-2, a recently emerged coronavirus, is causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide since December 2019, posing an enormous health, social and economic problem. Obtaining effective treatments that can diminish deaths and sequelae and vaccines to slow or prevent viral transmission, and reduce disease severity and/or death are of utmost importance. Abdala is a Cuban vaccine based on the recombinant RBD subunit of the spike protein expressed in Pichia pastoris yeast. It demonstrated high efficacy (92.28 %) in phase III clinical trials for reducing transmission, and more than 90% effectiveness in reducing disease severity and mortality. Antibody titers were evaluated in 42 Abdala vaccinees using the Elecsys(R) Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S test. Fifteen days after immunization, sera from vaccinees showed high antibody titers (median of 1595 U/mL). The results obtained in this study also demonstrate correlation between the Cuban test UMELISA SARS-CoV-2 ANTI RBD used during the clinical trials and Elecsys(R) test results.","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83837567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-05DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-138437/v1
R. Pirrello, C. Schinocca, D. Scaturro, C. Rizzo, Pietro Terrana, L. Tumminelli, P. Ruscitti, A. Cordova, R. Giacomelli, F. Ciccia, G. Mauro, G. Guggino
Background: Local treatments such as ultraviolet-A (UVA) phototherapy, topical calcitriol, injection of autologous fat grafting, Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), hyaluronic acid (HA) and local ultrasound (US) treatment are considered alternative approaches for skin involvement in Systemic sclerosis (SSc).The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of PRP injection and lipofilling or local ultrasound in the treatment of SSc-related digital ulcers (DUs). Methods: We enrolled 28 patients with SSc. At baseline time (T0), all patients were treated with Iloprost intravenous infusions. Then, six patients (group 1) received a first inoculation of PRP, after 15 days a second inoculation of PRP and after 15 days a third of lipofilling. Other six patients (group 2) received the three consecutive injections associated with a maintenance therapy with additional injections of PRP every 30 days for 12 months. Six patients continued only the Iloprost therapy (controls). Ten patients (group 3) underwent medical sessions with ultrasound treatment for 10 days. Clinical evaluation was assessed at baseline, after 3 and 12 months of treatment for all patients.Results: In our study have shown an improvement in cutaneous and microvascular level, in quality of life, in mobility of extremities of upper limbs and a reduction of administration of Iloprost after PRP-Lipofilling and US treatment.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that PRP, coupled with lipofilling, and ultrasound treatment in SSc patients, can be considered additional procedures in the management of DUs.
{"title":"Additional Treatment for Digital Ulcers in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: A Prospective, Open-Label, Multi-Arm Study for the use of Platelet-Rich Plasma-Lipofilling and Ultrasound-Based Treatments","authors":"R. Pirrello, C. Schinocca, D. Scaturro, C. Rizzo, Pietro Terrana, L. Tumminelli, P. Ruscitti, A. Cordova, R. Giacomelli, F. Ciccia, G. Mauro, G. Guggino","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-138437/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-138437/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Local treatments such as ultraviolet-A (UVA) phototherapy, topical calcitriol, injection of autologous fat grafting, Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), hyaluronic acid (HA) and local ultrasound (US) treatment are considered alternative approaches for skin involvement in Systemic sclerosis (SSc).The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of PRP injection and lipofilling or local ultrasound in the treatment of SSc-related digital ulcers (DUs). Methods: We enrolled 28 patients with SSc. At baseline time (T0), all patients were treated with Iloprost intravenous infusions. Then, six patients (group 1) received a first inoculation of PRP, after 15 days a second inoculation of PRP and after 15 days a third of lipofilling. Other six patients (group 2) received the three consecutive injections associated with a maintenance therapy with additional injections of PRP every 30 days for 12 months. Six patients continued only the Iloprost therapy (controls). Ten patients (group 3) underwent medical sessions with ultrasound treatment for 10 days. Clinical evaluation was assessed at baseline, after 3 and 12 months of treatment for all patients.Results: In our study have shown an improvement in cutaneous and microvascular level, in quality of life, in mobility of extremities of upper limbs and a reduction of administration of Iloprost after PRP-Lipofilling and US treatment.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that PRP, coupled with lipofilling, and ultrasound treatment in SSc patients, can be considered additional procedures in the management of DUs.","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87601972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26502/jbb.2642-91280045
Hernández Jeb, Martín Adr, Cruz Ldr, Rodríguez Rv, Cedeño Mh, Diaz As, Ruiz Rp, Moynelo Ie, Sordo Tf, Adan Am, Mircevski Jg, Mulet Ds, Villanueva Fs, Rosabal Rd, Núñez Zr, S. Y., Paz Av, M. Om, Donato Gm, González Vlm, Nieto Gg, H. Mcd
{"title":"Early Treatment with a Peptide Derived from the Human Heat-Shock 60 Protein Avoids Progression to Severe Stages of COVID-19","authors":"Hernández Jeb, Martín Adr, Cruz Ldr, Rodríguez Rv, Cedeño Mh, Diaz As, Ruiz Rp, Moynelo Ie, Sordo Tf, Adan Am, Mircevski Jg, Mulet Ds, Villanueva Fs, Rosabal Rd, Núñez Zr, S. Y., Paz Av, M. Om, Donato Gm, González Vlm, Nieto Gg, H. Mcd","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-91280045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75534132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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