HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are chronic complications of HIV infection in the central nervous system. Clinical presentations include asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), mild neurocognitive impairment (MND), and HIV-associated dementia (HAD). In the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the prevalence of HAD has significantly decreased, but the rates of ANI and MND have increased, impairing patients’ daily functioning, medical adherence, employment, driving abilities, risk of HIV transmission, overall quality of life, and posing challenges to society, economy, families, and public health. This article reviews the latest research findings regarding the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis and treatment, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological assessment of HAND, aiming to provide insights into the prevention and management of HAND.
{"title":"Recent Advances in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders","authors":"Qianqian Tang, Hao Wu, Maogong Tang","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.119013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.119013","url":null,"abstract":"HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are chronic complications of HIV infection in the central nervous system. Clinical presentations include asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), mild neurocognitive impairment (MND), and HIV-associated dementia (HAD). In the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the prevalence of HAD has significantly decreased, but the rates of ANI and MND have increased, impairing patients’ daily functioning, medical adherence, employment, driving abilities, risk of HIV transmission, overall quality of life, and posing challenges to society, economy, families, and public health. This article reviews the latest research findings regarding the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis and treatment, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological assessment of HAND, aiming to provide insights into the prevention and management of HAND.","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135494948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cystic fibrosis patients often develop lung infections because of the presence of thick and sticky mucus that fills their airways. The presence of this thick mucus prevents the lungs from filtering out certain dominant bacterial types, making patients highly susceptible to infections that can range anywhere in severity from mild to life-threatening. These infections can cause great distress for patients as it becomes harder for patients to breathe and increases the chance of mortality by respiratory failure. It is important to be able to track the progression or regression of cystic fibrosis to determine the best course of treatment. Thus, this project focuses on the use of an AI model to examine the microbiology of cystic fibrosis patients and predict the condition or stage of lung function in the future, as a way to guide doctors with their treatment plan. Due to the limited amounts of publicly available patient data, we used all of the data in the training and testing of our machine learning algorithms initially and then tried a 50% training, 10% validation, and 40% testing split. Our results show that with relatively simple models (cubic polynomials), we can predict FEV1 from statistically significant bacteria sequences within 98% accuracy when training on sufficiently large samples.
{"title":"HealthNet: Machine Learning for Cystic Fibrosis Characterization","authors":"Manasvi Pinnaka, Eric Cheek","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.119014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.119014","url":null,"abstract":"Cystic fibrosis patients often develop lung infections because of the presence of thick and sticky mucus that fills their airways. The presence of this thick mucus prevents the lungs from filtering out certain dominant bacterial types, making patients highly susceptible to infections that can range anywhere in severity from mild to life-threatening. These infections can cause great distress for patients as it becomes harder for patients to breathe and increases the chance of mortality by respiratory failure. It is important to be able to track the progression or regression of cystic fibrosis to determine the best course of treatment. Thus, this project focuses on the use of an AI model to examine the microbiology of cystic fibrosis patients and predict the condition or stage of lung function in the future, as a way to guide doctors with their treatment plan. Due to the limited amounts of publicly available patient data, we used all of the data in the training and testing of our machine learning algorithms initially and then tried a 50% training, 10% validation, and 40% testing split. Our results show that with relatively simple models (cubic polynomials), we can predict FEV1 from statistically significant bacteria sequences within 98% accuracy when training on sufficiently large samples.","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135556155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2023.1110022
Jinmeng Gong, Xiaoping Tan
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), as the main histological type of esophageal cancer (EC), has the characteristics of high malignant degree, high mortality and tendency to lymph node metastasis. Despite the combination of surgery and chemoradiotherapy, ECSS has a poor prognosis. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered iron-dependent programmed cell death pattern characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation and characteristic morphological changes of mitochondria. It regulates the growth and invasion of cancer cells in various tumors such as gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. In this article, we mainly introduce the ferroptosis regulatory mechanism in ESCC, hoping to provide a new direction and ideas for the treatment of ECSS.
{"title":"The Mechanism and Research Progress of Ferroptosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Jinmeng Gong, Xiaoping Tan","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.1110022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.1110022","url":null,"abstract":"Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), as the main histological type of esophageal cancer (EC), has the characteristics of high malignant degree, high mortality and tendency to lymph node metastasis. Despite the combination of surgery and chemoradiotherapy, ECSS has a poor prognosis. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered iron-dependent programmed cell death pattern characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation and characteristic morphological changes of mitochondria. It regulates the growth and invasion of cancer cells in various tumors such as gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. In this article, we mainly introduce the ferroptosis regulatory mechanism in ESCC, hoping to provide a new direction and ideas for the treatment of ECSS.","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135211196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research Progress of Pyroptosis in Ophthalmic Diseases","authors":"Yuan-Qi Jiang, Xuelei Zhang, Xiaoqin Wang","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.114012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.114012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86828765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ernest Nogma Sombié, Tata Kadiatou Traoré, A. Derra, J. N’do, W. Belem-Kabré, N. Ouedraogo, A. Hilou, A. Tibiri
{"title":"Anti-Fibrotic Effects of <i>Calotropis procera</i> (Ait.) R.Br Roots Barks against Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats","authors":"Ernest Nogma Sombié, Tata Kadiatou Traoré, A. Derra, J. N’do, W. Belem-Kabré, N. Ouedraogo, A. Hilou, A. Tibiri","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.114024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.114024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87567364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Shi, Zhongling Luo, Huanhuan Tian, Yi Hao, Wenping Zhang
{"title":"Preliminary Exploration of the Clinical Features and Immunological Correlation between TIGIT and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Lei Shi, Zhongling Luo, Huanhuan Tian, Yi Hao, Wenping Zhang","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.114025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.114025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86934009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Dynamic Changes of IgG and IgM in COVID-19 Patients by Different Detection Methods","authors":"Zeduan Liu, Lida Mo, XiaoLu Luo","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.114031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.114031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88075821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. O. Onwuli, H. A. Waribo, Eberechkwu Okwuchi Anyalebechi, Loveth Ukamaka Nwafor
{"title":"Evaluation of Plasma Homocysteine Levels in Type II Diabetes and Hypertensive Patients Attending University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria","authors":"D. O. Onwuli, H. A. Waribo, Eberechkwu Okwuchi Anyalebechi, Loveth Ukamaka Nwafor","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.115003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.115003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88582948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bouhmidi, Hajar Boudarbala, A. Ghannam, A. Elouali, A. Babakhouya, M. Rkain, N. Benajiba
{"title":"Mandibular Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Confused with a Vascular Malformation: About a Case","authors":"M. Bouhmidi, Hajar Boudarbala, A. Ghannam, A. Elouali, A. Babakhouya, M. Rkain, N. Benajiba","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.116007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.116007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90834118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodrigo Corrêa Falcão Rodrigues Alves, Rodolffo da Silva Fossa, Vinicius de Calasans Timaco, J. S. de Moraes, Emilio Magalhães Martins Will, Rinaldo Henrique Aguilar da Silva, L. A. Vane, J. Vieira, Matheus F. Vane
{"title":"COVID-19 Downgraded Already Impaired Mental Health of Medical Undergraduates during the Pandemic Years","authors":"Rodrigo Corrêa Falcão Rodrigues Alves, Rodolffo da Silva Fossa, Vinicius de Calasans Timaco, J. S. de Moraes, Emilio Magalhães Martins Will, Rinaldo Henrique Aguilar da Silva, L. A. Vane, J. Vieira, Matheus F. Vane","doi":"10.4236/jbm.2023.115012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2023.115012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosciences and Medicines","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91039241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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