Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.16-23
Rohit S. Parchande, Anuradha K Shinde, S. Yankanchi
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a key pest ofmaize crops in tropical and subtropical regions and has developed resistanceagainst synthetic pesticides and Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Thus,the experiments were designed to evaluate the chemical analysis andinsecticidal efficacy of Vitex negundo against S. frugiperda.Chemical analysis of V. negundo essential oil revealed a total of 36compounds, and the oil contained more monoterpenes (68.16%) than sesquiterpenes(22.21%) and diterpenes (13.56%). For the ovicidal and insecticidal activities,the essential oil was found to be most effective, with a median lethalconcentration (LC50) value of 51.31 µL/mL and 0.29 L/larvae, respectively.Larval antifeedant and growth inhibitory activity of essential oil werepositively correlated (R2 = 0.9645) and (R2 = 0.9727) with oil concentrations,respectively. Therefore, the V. negundo essential oil can be used forthe development of bioinsecticides to control S. frugiperda, a highlyinvasive and polyphagous pest, which will replace chemical pesticides.
{"title":"CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND INSECTICIDAL EFFICACY OF VITEX NEGUNDO L. ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST FALL ARMYWORM, SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (J. E. SMITH)","authors":"Rohit S. Parchande, Anuradha K Shinde, S. Yankanchi","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.16-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.16-23","url":null,"abstract":"The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a key pest ofmaize crops in tropical and subtropical regions and has developed resistanceagainst synthetic pesticides and Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Thus,the experiments were designed to evaluate the chemical analysis andinsecticidal efficacy of Vitex negundo against S. frugiperda.Chemical analysis of V. negundo essential oil revealed a total of 36compounds, and the oil contained more monoterpenes (68.16%) than sesquiterpenes(22.21%) and diterpenes (13.56%). For the ovicidal and insecticidal activities,the essential oil was found to be most effective, with a median lethalconcentration (LC50) value of 51.31 µL/mL and 0.29 L/larvae, respectively.Larval antifeedant and growth inhibitory activity of essential oil werepositively correlated (R2 = 0.9645) and (R2 = 0.9727) with oil concentrations,respectively. Therefore, the V. negundo essential oil can be used forthe development of bioinsecticides to control S. frugiperda, a highlyinvasive and polyphagous pest, which will replace chemical pesticides.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"62 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141231389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.24-32
R. N. Raman, K. V. Kumar, Prahlad Masurkar, Angel Jemima
Morphological features are not adequate to accurately categorizedifferent species of the genus Trichoderma. Molecular characters, incombination with morphological characters, are used to identify Trichodermaat the species or subspecies level. The present study was focused oncharacterising Trichoderma asperellum based on morphology and molecularanalysis using genes such as ITS. Light microscopy results showed that Trichodermaasperellum regularly branched and typically paired conidiophores withstraight phialides and globose to subglobose shaped conidia Sequence similarityanalysis with reference T. asperellum isolates available in the NCBIdatabase showed 100 percent nucleotide similarity for ITS4 and ITS5. A dualculture test clearly showed that Trichoderma asperllum inhibited thetested fungal plant pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici(87.38 percent). Population dynamics of Trichoderma asperellum incompost were found to be stable until 21 days after mixing.
形态特征不足以准确划分毛霉属的不同物种。分子特征与形态特征相结合，可用于鉴定毛霉的种或亚种。本研究的重点是根据形态学和使用 ITS 等基因进行的分子分析来鉴定毛霉菌（Trichoderma asperellum）。光镜观察结果表明，Trichodermaasperellum 的分生孢子梗有规则的分枝，通常成对，具有直的分生孢子梗和球形至近球形的分生孢子。与 NCBI 数据库中的参考 T. asperellum 分离物进行的序列相似性分析表明，ITS4 和 ITS5 的核苷酸相似度为 100%。双培养试验清楚地表明，Trichoderma asperllum 能抑制被测真菌植物病原体 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici（87.38%）。在混合后 21 天内，发现未堆肥毛霉的种群动态一直保持稳定。
{"title":"EVALUATION OF TRICHODERMA ASPERELLUM BIOFORTIFIED WITH VERMI COMPOST AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. LYCOPERSICI","authors":"R. N. Raman, K. V. Kumar, Prahlad Masurkar, Angel Jemima","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.24-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.24-32","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological features are not adequate to accurately categorizedifferent species of the genus Trichoderma. Molecular characters, incombination with morphological characters, are used to identify Trichodermaat the species or subspecies level. The present study was focused oncharacterising Trichoderma asperellum based on morphology and molecularanalysis using genes such as ITS. Light microscopy results showed that Trichodermaasperellum regularly branched and typically paired conidiophores withstraight phialides and globose to subglobose shaped conidia Sequence similarityanalysis with reference T. asperellum isolates available in the NCBIdatabase showed 100 percent nucleotide similarity for ITS4 and ITS5. A dualculture test clearly showed that Trichoderma asperllum inhibited thetested fungal plant pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici(87.38 percent). Population dynamics of Trichoderma asperellum incompost were found to be stable until 21 days after mixing.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"3 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141229592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peptides of microbial origin stand out as one of theprominent tools to elicit plant immunity. These peptides comprise one of thekey strategies of integrated pest management and are considered as candidatesto develop novel biopesticides. Manyresearch investigations have proved their potential in fending off plantpathogens and were described as sustainable plant protection strategies. Thepresent study was attempted to discover phylogenetic relationships and compareamino acid sequence alignments of various peptide elicitors of microbialorigin. Phylogenetic analysis of 33 microbial peptide elicitors resulted in twoclusters, one cluster contained 19 flagellin sequences, which is furtherdivided into one major (15 peptide sequences) and one (4 peptide sequences)minor subclusters. Further amino acid sequence alignments were carried outbased on the evolutionary relationships among the peptides. The amino acidsequence alignment of flagellin sequences using Clustal W did not present conservativeamino acid sequences except Serine (S), Alanine (A) and Aspartic acid (D).These conserved amino acids (SAxD) that are positioned in the protruding loopmay play a vital role in recognition by plant surface receptors. Alignment ofamino acid sequences of cold shock protein, xylanase, elongation factor andharpin from various sources did not present conservative amino acid sequencesexcept glycine. These investigations lay a theoretical foundation for exploringmany more microbial peptides for inducing plant resistance.
{"title":"PHYLOGENETIC CONNECTIONS AND COMPARISONS OF THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCES OF SEVERAL PEPTIDE INDUCERS OF MICROBIAL ORIGIN- A FOUNDATION STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL BIOPESTICIDES","authors":"Suvala Shalini Devi, Chanduri Akshitha, Aparna Bandaram, Bomma Sharath Chandra, Vulishe Vaishnavi","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.09-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.09-15","url":null,"abstract":"Peptides of microbial origin stand out as one of theprominent tools to elicit plant immunity. These peptides comprise one of thekey strategies of integrated pest management and are considered as candidatesto develop novel biopesticides. Manyresearch investigations have proved their potential in fending off plantpathogens and were described as sustainable plant protection strategies. Thepresent study was attempted to discover phylogenetic relationships and compareamino acid sequence alignments of various peptide elicitors of microbialorigin. Phylogenetic analysis of 33 microbial peptide elicitors resulted in twoclusters, one cluster contained 19 flagellin sequences, which is furtherdivided into one major (15 peptide sequences) and one (4 peptide sequences)minor subclusters. Further amino acid sequence alignments were carried outbased on the evolutionary relationships among the peptides. The amino acidsequence alignment of flagellin sequences using Clustal W did not present conservativeamino acid sequences except Serine (S), Alanine (A) and Aspartic acid (D).These conserved amino acids (SAxD) that are positioned in the protruding loopmay play a vital role in recognition by plant surface receptors. Alignment ofamino acid sequences of cold shock protein, xylanase, elongation factor andharpin from various sources did not present conservative amino acid sequencesexcept glycine. These investigations lay a theoretical foundation for exploringmany more microbial peptides for inducing plant resistance.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"45 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141232527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.38-44
M. Velankanny, Parthas Selvaraj, T. Pushpanathan, B. Ravichandran, J. Borgio, J. P. R. Jayaseeli, J. John
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are the microorganisms thatspecifically infect and often kill insects and other arthropods. EPF is themost effective biocontrol agent against insects in the natural ecosystem whichcould be an effective alternative to chemical insecticides in bio-intensivepest management. Beauveria bassiana, one of the most prevalentsoil-borne entomopathogens, has virulence on insect pests. The present study isaimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of a native isolate of the entomopathogenicfungus B. bassiana isolated from the soil samples of a cotton field(Kuthukkal) in the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu against Dysdercuscingulatus. Bio-efficacy trials were carried out with six differentconcentrations viz., 4.6 × 103,1.5× 104, 5.0 × 105, 2.7 × 106, 3.2 × 107,and 2.8 x 108 (spores/mL) in all the five nymphal instars and theadults of D. cingulatus. A 100% mortality was observed in higherconcentrations 2.8 x 108 (spores/mL) at 120hrs after treatment. The resultsof the present study show that the isolate seems to be highly promising in thepest management of D. cingulatus.
昆虫病原真菌（EPF）是专门感染并经常杀死昆虫和其他节肢动物的微生物。昆虫病原真菌是自然生态系统中最有效的昆虫生物控制剂，在生物密集型害虫管理中可以有效替代化学杀虫剂。Beauveria bassiana 是最普遍的土传昆虫病原体之一，对害虫具有毒力。本研究旨在评估从泰米尔纳德邦 Tirunelveli 地区棉田（Kuthukkal）土壤样本中分离出的本地昆虫病原真菌 B. bassiana 对 Dysdercuscingulatus 的致病性。用六种不同浓度的孢子（即 4.6 × 103、1.5× 104、5.0×105、2.7×106、3.2×107 和 2.8×108（孢子/毫升））对 D. cingulatus 的所有五个蛹态和成虫进行了生物效力试验。在处理后 120 小时，观察到高浓度 2.8 x 108（孢子/毫升）的死亡率为 100%。本研究的结果表明，该分离物似乎很有希望用于 D. cingulatus 的虫害防治。
{"title":"PATHOGENICITY OF NATIVE BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALSAMO-CRIVELLI) VUILLEMIN ISOLATE ON DYSDERCUS CINGULATUS (HEMIPTERA: PYRRHOCORIDAE)","authors":"M. Velankanny, Parthas Selvaraj, T. Pushpanathan, B. Ravichandran, J. Borgio, J. P. R. Jayaseeli, J. John","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.38-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.38-44","url":null,"abstract":"Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are the microorganisms thatspecifically infect and often kill insects and other arthropods. EPF is themost effective biocontrol agent against insects in the natural ecosystem whichcould be an effective alternative to chemical insecticides in bio-intensivepest management. Beauveria bassiana, one of the most prevalentsoil-borne entomopathogens, has virulence on insect pests. The present study isaimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of a native isolate of the entomopathogenicfungus B. bassiana isolated from the soil samples of a cotton field(Kuthukkal) in the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu against Dysdercuscingulatus. Bio-efficacy trials were carried out with six differentconcentrations viz., 4.6 × 103,1.5× 104, 5.0 × 105, 2.7 × 106, 3.2 × 107,and 2.8 x 108 (spores/mL) in all the five nymphal instars and theadults of D. cingulatus. A 100% mortality was observed in higherconcentrations 2.8 x 108 (spores/mL) at 120hrs after treatment. The resultsof the present study show that the isolate seems to be highly promising in thepest management of D. cingulatus.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"74 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.33-37
Adlin Pricilla Vasanthi, S. J. Nelson, B. Sangeetha
Odontotermes wallonensis is a fungus growing termite species that are abundant inSouth India. Lantana camara leavesextracted with methanol have been found to have repellent and IGR activitiesagainst termites. The extract was also tested on O. wallonensis nymphs and showed significant IGR activity at aconcentration of 1 %.
{"title":"REPELLENT AND GROWTH REGULATORY EFFECTS OF LANTANA CAMARA EXTRACTS ON ODONTOTERMES WALLONENSIS (ISOPTERA: TERMITIDAE)","authors":"Adlin Pricilla Vasanthi, S. J. Nelson, B. Sangeetha","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.33-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.33-37","url":null,"abstract":"Odontotermes wallonensis is a fungus growing termite species that are abundant inSouth India. Lantana camara leavesextracted with methanol have been found to have repellent and IGR activitiesagainst termites. The extract was also tested on O. wallonensis nymphs and showed significant IGR activity at aconcentration of 1 %.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141229215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The polyphagous, ubiquitous, destructive pest, Spodoptera litura(F.) affects 150 host plant species and notably their larval forms arenotorious. Extensive feeding and rapid reproduction cycles led the farmers andindustrialists to seek the effective chemical and synthetic pesticides. Randomand inappropriate usages of pesticides imposed a negative impact on non-targetorganisms, environment and abiotic factors and also pest resurgence to theparticular pesticides. To overcome this unnatural incidence, biopesticides arepracticed as an alternative source. Plant botanicals play a huge role as insectgrowth regulators (IGRs) by inhibiting the regular moulting cycle, developmentand survival of insect pests. Also, the silverback fern, Pityrogramma calomelanosare reported with several secondary metabolites which are known for theirpesticidal properties. Hence, the present work was framed to study the dietaryresponses as well as nutritional indices of S. litura treated with crudeextract of P. calomelanos. The treated larvae showed dietary andpost ingestion responses prior to moulting and death. On the 4th day oftreatment, reduction in food intake (522.89 mg), larval weight gain (41.02 mg),ECI (56.25 %), ECD (46.30 %), AD (47.21 %) and RGR (3.06 mg/mg/day) wasobserved as dose dependent manner except the feacal production (378.18 mg) ascompared to control. Therefore, the ethanolic extract of a fern, P. calomelanoscan be recommended as a biopesticides for its post ingestion andanti-nutritional effects on S. litura larvae.
{"title":"ROLE OF PITYROGRAMMA CALOMELANOS (L.) LINK IN DIETARY AND NUTRITIONAL INDICES OF SPODOPTERA LITURA (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)","authors":"J Princy Rathnamala Jayaseeli, Selvaraj P, Pushpanathan T, Anbu Radhika S, Sherlin John, Velankanny M","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.01-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.01-08","url":null,"abstract":"The polyphagous, ubiquitous, destructive pest, Spodoptera litura(F.) affects 150 host plant species and notably their larval forms arenotorious. Extensive feeding and rapid reproduction cycles led the farmers andindustrialists to seek the effective chemical and synthetic pesticides. Randomand inappropriate usages of pesticides imposed a negative impact on non-targetorganisms, environment and abiotic factors and also pest resurgence to theparticular pesticides. To overcome this unnatural incidence, biopesticides arepracticed as an alternative source. Plant botanicals play a huge role as insectgrowth regulators (IGRs) by inhibiting the regular moulting cycle, developmentand survival of insect pests. Also, the silverback fern, Pityrogramma calomelanosare reported with several secondary metabolites which are known for theirpesticidal properties. Hence, the present work was framed to study the dietaryresponses as well as nutritional indices of S. litura treated with crudeextract of P. calomelanos. The treated larvae showed dietary andpost ingestion responses prior to moulting and death. On the 4th day oftreatment, reduction in food intake (522.89 mg), larval weight gain (41.02 mg),ECI (56.25 %), ECD (46.30 %), AD (47.21 %) and RGR (3.06 mg/mg/day) wasobserved as dose dependent manner except the feacal production (378.18 mg) ascompared to control. Therefore, the ethanolic extract of a fern, P. calomelanoscan be recommended as a biopesticides for its post ingestion andanti-nutritional effects on S. litura larvae.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.15.2.122-128
Shaiesta Hassan, A. Wani, Nayeema Jan, M. Bhat, Waseema Jan, T. A. Wani
One of the main obstacles to feeding the world is the fungal leaf spot disease, which has a negative impact on plants' photosynthetic areas and significantly lowers crop quality and output. To manage fungi that pose a serious hazard to both humans and the environment, various chemical fungicides are utilized. The goal of the current study was to determine whether local isolates of three Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma asperellum) had any antagonistic effects in vitro against the pathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus sydowii, and Alternaria sp. Trichoderma viride showed the greatest growth inhibition against all of the tested pathogenic fungi, followed by Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma asperellum. It was shown that all three Trichoderma species strongly inhibited the mycelial growth of fungal pathogens. Compared to other isolated fungi, Trichoderma species inhibited Alternaria alternata mycelial growth more, whereas in Fusarium oxysporum least amount of mycelial growth inhibition was observed. These findings imply that Trichoderma species can function as an effective biocontrol agent against the fungi responsible for tomato leaf spot disease.
{"title":"BIO-MANAGEMENT OF FUNGAL LEAF SPOT OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) USING INDIGENOUS TRICHODERMA ISOLATES","authors":"Shaiesta Hassan, A. Wani, Nayeema Jan, M. Bhat, Waseema Jan, T. A. Wani","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.15.2.122-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.15.2.122-128","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main obstacles to feeding the world is the fungal leaf spot disease, which has a negative impact on plants' photosynthetic areas and significantly lowers crop quality and output. To manage fungi that pose a serious hazard to both humans and the environment, various chemical fungicides are utilized. The goal of the current study was to determine whether local isolates of three Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma asperellum) had any antagonistic effects in vitro against the pathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus sydowii, and Alternaria sp. Trichoderma viride showed the greatest growth inhibition against all of the tested pathogenic fungi, followed by Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma asperellum. It was shown that all three Trichoderma species strongly inhibited the mycelial growth of fungal pathogens. Compared to other isolated fungi, Trichoderma species inhibited Alternaria alternata mycelial growth more, whereas in Fusarium oxysporum least amount of mycelial growth inhibition was observed. These findings imply that Trichoderma species can function as an effective biocontrol agent against the fungi responsible for tomato leaf spot disease.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43486119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.15.2.129-135
J. John, Prathas Selvaraj, T. Pushpanathan, B. Ravichandran, S. Abdulazeez, J. Borgio
Assassin bugs are terrestrial predators belonging to the family Reduviidae. Among the 24 subfamilies, harparctorinae is predominant and extensively investigated for biocontrol applications compared to the others subfamilies in Reduviidae. Being natural enemies of phytophagous insects, understanding the phylogeny of these predatory bugs can precise the selection of candidates to employ in insect pest management. In addition to morphological systematics, complete mitochondrial genome sequences provide great insights into the phylogeny for resolving evolutionary complexity. Complete mitochondrial genomes of four potential predatory harpactorinae and one outgroup triatominae were retrieved from NCBI GenBank database. Comparative analysis of the five mitogenomes and the nucleotide sequence between nad1 and nad2 genes were selected as the best option to distinguish. The nucleotide sequence between nad1- nad2 are found to be biased towards A and T similar to their respective complete mitogenomes. Tajima’s test of neutrality suggest that the evolutionary selection at nad1-nad2 was parallel to the complete mitogenome and showed positive and significant (p > 0.1) with high nucleotide diversity. Unequal evolutionary rate at nad1-nad2 between lineages observed in Tajima’s relative rate test and proved the nucleotide sequences of nad1-nad2 between species are highly variable. Comparing the phylogenetic trees generated using the complete mitogenomes and nad1-nad2 genes uncovered the correlation between the trees and having identical branches with varying bootstrap values. Conventionally the highly conserved protein-coding cox1 gene is used for molecular taxonomy whereas this study provides an additional and/or a possible alternative molecular marker for genetic comparative test (the nucleotide sequence between nad1-nad2) to understand the systematics and phylogeny of Reduviidae. The significant nucleotide diversity, high genetic distance and less genetic similarity of the sequence between nad1-nad2 genes among the species studied, Agriosphodrus dohrni, Rhynocoris fuscipes, Scipinia horrida, and Velinus nodipes undoubtedly propose the possible utilization of nad1-nad2 region as distinguishable molecular marker.
{"title":"THE SEQUENCE BETWEEN MITOCHONDRIAL NAD1-NAD2 GENES ARE POTENTIAL MOLECULAR MARKERS OF HARPACTORINAE PREDATORS (HETEROPTERA: REDUVIIDAE)","authors":"J. John, Prathas Selvaraj, T. Pushpanathan, B. Ravichandran, S. Abdulazeez, J. Borgio","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.15.2.129-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.15.2.129-135","url":null,"abstract":"Assassin bugs are terrestrial predators belonging to the family Reduviidae. Among the 24 subfamilies, harparctorinae is predominant and extensively investigated for biocontrol applications compared to the others subfamilies in Reduviidae. Being natural enemies of phytophagous insects, understanding the phylogeny of these predatory bugs can precise the selection of candidates to employ in insect pest management. In addition to morphological systematics, complete mitochondrial genome sequences provide great insights into the phylogeny for resolving evolutionary complexity. Complete mitochondrial genomes of four potential predatory harpactorinae and one outgroup triatominae were retrieved from NCBI GenBank database. Comparative analysis of the five mitogenomes and the nucleotide sequence between nad1 and nad2 genes were selected as the best option to distinguish. The nucleotide sequence between nad1- nad2 are found to be biased towards A and T similar to their respective complete mitogenomes. Tajima’s test of neutrality suggest that the evolutionary selection at nad1-nad2 was parallel to the complete mitogenome and showed positive and significant (p > 0.1) with high nucleotide diversity. Unequal evolutionary rate at nad1-nad2 between lineages observed in Tajima’s relative rate test and proved the nucleotide sequences of nad1-nad2 between species are highly variable. Comparing the phylogenetic trees generated using the complete mitogenomes and nad1-nad2 genes uncovered the correlation between the trees and having identical branches with varying bootstrap values. Conventionally the highly conserved protein-coding cox1 gene is used for molecular taxonomy whereas this study provides an additional and/or a possible alternative molecular marker for genetic comparative test (the nucleotide sequence between nad1-nad2) to understand the systematics and phylogeny of Reduviidae. The significant nucleotide diversity, high genetic distance and less genetic similarity of the sequence between nad1-nad2 genes among the species studied, Agriosphodrus dohrni, Rhynocoris fuscipes, Scipinia horrida, and Velinus nodipes undoubtedly propose the possible utilization of nad1-nad2 region as distinguishable molecular marker.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41286173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.15.2.118-121
Y. Sanjaya, Suhara Suhara, M. Halimah, Niken Diarti
The death of the three Aedes aegypti Linn larvae that were placed inside has been the subject of a study on the toxicity test of Derris elliptica (Benth). This study's objectives were to ascertain the effect of tuba root extract on the quantity of larval instars of three Aedes aegypti Linn, as well as to ascertain the concentration of tubal root extract that affected as larvaside by measuring Lethal Concentration (LC50). Experiment-based research is the type used. With seven concentrations and three replications over the course of 24 hrs, the research was carried out in partnership using a Randomized Complete Random Design (RAL) design. The probit analysis yields the LC50 result. The findings demonstrated that Derris eliptica extract, with an LC50 value of 125.99 ppm, had an impact on the death of instar larvae of three Ae. aegypti Linn.
{"title":"TOXICITY OF DERRIS ELIPTICA BENTH. ON MORTALITY OF AEDES AEGYPTI LINN LARVAE","authors":"Y. Sanjaya, Suhara Suhara, M. Halimah, Niken Diarti","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.15.2.118-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.15.2.118-121","url":null,"abstract":"The death of the three Aedes aegypti Linn larvae that were placed inside has been the subject of a study on the toxicity test of Derris elliptica (Benth). This study's objectives were to ascertain the effect of tuba root extract on the quantity of larval instars of three Aedes aegypti Linn, as well as to ascertain the concentration of tubal root extract that affected as larvaside by measuring Lethal Concentration (LC50). Experiment-based research is the type used. With seven concentrations and three replications over the course of 24 hrs, the research was carried out in partnership using a Randomized Complete Random Design (RAL) design. The probit analysis yields the LC50 result. The findings demonstrated that Derris eliptica extract, with an LC50 value of 125.99 ppm, had an impact on the death of instar larvae of three Ae. aegypti Linn.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49135786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.15.2.103-109
H. Kutinkova, V. Dzhuvinov, N. Palagacheva, I. Staneva, S. Gandev, G. Kornov, M. Tityanov
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a significant pest of pome fruit and walnut orchards worldwide and it is a particular problem in Bulgaria. Codling moth resistance to many insecticides has been recently detected in Bulgaria. Codling moth (CM) mating disruption with Ginko® dispensers was evaluated in four successive years from 2019 to 2022 as part of an anti-resistance strategy. In an isolated 3 ha apple orchard in the Plovdiv district of South-Central Bulgaria, close to the town of Perushtitsa, field tests were conducted for the control of the codling moth (CM), C. pomonella, via mating disruption (MD) using pheromone Ginko® dispensers. The pheromone dispensers were hung in the upper third of tree canopies with a density of 500 dispensers/ha before CM flight started. Dynamics of CM flights was monitored by pheromone traps installed in the trial plot and in a conventionally treated reference orchard. Two types of baits were used in the traps: PHEROCON® CM L2–codlemone lures and PHEROCON® CM DA COMBO-P + AA lures (Trécé Inc., USA) in the orchards for mating disruption. The PHEROCON® CM L2 lures were changed at 4-week intervals and PHEROCON® CM DA COMBO-P + AA lures at 8-week intervals. PHEROCON® VI Delta sticky traps baited with PHEROCON CM DA COMBO- P + AA lures and standard CM L2 caps were installed, for comparison, in a reference orchard located in the Plovdiv region. Fruit infestation was periodically assessed till the harvest time. In both years fruit damage remained lower till late July and increased slightly only in August. At harvest, fruit damage remained below 1%. It was obvious that mating disruption could be useful strategy for the control of codling moth in Bulgarian apple orchards, specifically when the plot is isolated from external sources of infestation and the population density of the pest is low.
鳕鱼蛾Cydia pomonella（L.）（鳞翅目：蛾科）是世界各地柚子和核桃园的一种重要害虫，在保加利亚是一个特殊的问题。保加利亚最近发现鳕鱼蛾对多种杀虫剂具有耐药性。作为抗药性策略的一部分，从2019年到2022年，连续四年对鳕鱼蛾（CM）与Ginko®分配器的交配中断进行了评估。在保加利亚中南部普罗夫迪夫区靠近佩鲁什蒂萨镇的一个3公顷的孤立苹果园中，使用信息素Ginko®分配器通过交配中断（MD）进行了田间试验，以控制鳕鱼蛾（CM）。在CM飞行开始前，信息素分配器以500个分配器/公顷的密度悬挂在树冠的上三分之一处。CM飞行的动力学通过安装在试验地块和常规处理的参考果园中的信息素捕捉器进行监测。诱捕器中使用了两种类型的诱饵：PHEROCON®CM L2–柠檬鱼饵和果园中用于交配干扰的PHEROCCON®CM DA COMBO-P+AA鱼饵（Trécé股份有限公司，美国）。PHEROCON®CM L2鱼饵每隔4周更换一次，PHEROCON®CM DA COMBO-P+AA鱼饵每隔8周更换。为了进行比较，在普罗夫迪夫地区的一个参考果园中安装了用PHEROCON CM DA COMBO-P+AA诱饵和标准CM L2诱饵引诱的PHEROCON®VI Delta粘性诱捕器。定期评估水果虫害，直到收获时间。在这两年中，果实损失一直保持在较低水平，直到7月下旬，仅在8月略有增加。在收获时，水果损失保持在1%以下。很明显，交配中断可能是控制保加利亚苹果园尾蛾的有用策略，特别是当该地块与外部虫害源隔离且害虫种群密度较低时。
{"title":"BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CODLING MOTH, CYDIA POMONELLA (L.) IN APPLE ORCHARDS OF BULGARIA USING GINKO® DISPENSERS","authors":"H. Kutinkova, V. Dzhuvinov, N. Palagacheva, I. Staneva, S. Gandev, G. Kornov, M. Tityanov","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.15.2.103-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.15.2.103-109","url":null,"abstract":"The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a significant pest of pome fruit and walnut orchards worldwide and it is a particular problem in Bulgaria. Codling moth resistance to many insecticides has been recently detected in Bulgaria. Codling moth (CM) mating disruption with Ginko® dispensers was evaluated in four successive years from 2019 to 2022 as part of an anti-resistance strategy. In an isolated 3 ha apple orchard in the Plovdiv district of South-Central Bulgaria, close to the town of Perushtitsa, field tests were conducted for the control of the codling moth (CM), C. pomonella, via mating disruption (MD) using pheromone Ginko® dispensers. The pheromone dispensers were hung in the upper third of tree canopies with a density of 500 dispensers/ha before CM flight started. Dynamics of CM flights was monitored by pheromone traps installed in the trial plot and in a conventionally treated reference orchard. Two types of baits were used in the traps: PHEROCON® CM L2–codlemone lures and PHEROCON® CM DA COMBO-P + AA lures (Trécé Inc., USA) in the orchards for mating disruption. The PHEROCON® CM L2 lures were changed at 4-week intervals and PHEROCON® CM DA COMBO-P + AA lures at 8-week intervals. PHEROCON® VI Delta sticky traps baited with PHEROCON CM DA COMBO- P + AA lures and standard CM L2 caps were installed, for comparison, in a reference orchard located in the Plovdiv region. Fruit infestation was periodically assessed till the harvest time. In both years fruit damage remained lower till late July and increased slightly only in August. At harvest, fruit damage remained below 1%. It was obvious that mating disruption could be useful strategy for the control of codling moth in Bulgarian apple orchards, specifically when the plot is isolated from external sources of infestation and the population density of the pest is low.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43277561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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