Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.73-79
SurenderK. Sharma, Punam, R. Kumar
Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are the key pests of our potential vegetable and fruit crops. Literally, wide organic options are available but their evaluation studies are scanty and hence study on comparative evaluation of 10 organic formulations and a synthetic insecticide against fruit fly in organically grown cucumber during the years 2011 and 2012 were conducted at certified Model Organic Farm, CSK HPKV, Palampur. The lowest fruit infestation of 7.69 and 9.09% was registered in treatment with cypermethrin 25EC @ 0.5ml/l followed by treatment with neem oil (Nimbecidene) 5ml/l as 12.50 and 13.58% during both respective years of study. Similar trend of fruit yield was observed using cypermethrin 25EC gave highest fruit yield 191.48 and 183.33 q/ha followed by neem oil (Nimbecidene) as 189.01 and 181.48 q/ha during both years of study. However, both these formulations were significantly at par but under organic conditions four sprays of neem oil formulation coinciding with infestation at 10 day interval can be effectively used to manage this pest.
{"title":"MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT FLY (BACTROCERA SPP.) IN CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS SATIVUS LINN.) GROWN ORGANICALLY","authors":"SurenderK. Sharma, Punam, R. Kumar","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.73-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.73-79","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are the key pests of our potential vegetable and fruit crops. Literally, wide organic options are available but their evaluation studies are scanty and hence study on comparative evaluation of 10 organic formulations and a synthetic insecticide against fruit fly in organically grown cucumber during the years 2011 and 2012 were conducted at certified Model Organic Farm, CSK HPKV, Palampur. The lowest fruit infestation of 7.69 and 9.09% was registered in treatment with cypermethrin 25EC @ 0.5ml/l followed by treatment with neem oil (Nimbecidene) 5ml/l as 12.50 and 13.58% during both respective years of study. Similar trend of fruit yield was observed using cypermethrin 25EC gave highest fruit yield 191.48 and 183.33 q/ha followed by neem oil (Nimbecidene) as 189.01 and 181.48 q/ha during both years of study. However, both these formulations were significantly at par but under organic conditions four sprays of neem oil formulation coinciding with infestation at 10 day interval can be effectively used to manage this pest.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.80-90
Hina Kosar, M. Srivastava
The present work was carried out to screen certain formulations against the pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. raised on grains of Vigna radiata. The plants selected for the study included Euphorbia hirta, Phyllanthus amarus and Jatropha gossypiifolia. The investigation was carried out to study the efficacy of the select three plants and recording the egg laying percent by the pest insect. Different formulations using leaf of the plants were employed in the form of crude extract, aqueous suspension, aqueous extract, ethanol extract and diethyl ether extract. The treatments were made using different dose concentrations viz., 1%, 5%, 10% and 25%. The number of eggs laid by the pest insect was noted and ovipositional deterrence was adjudged. Lowest mean egg laying (No./ pair) by C. chinensis was observed in experimental sets treated with 25 % DEE extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia. Overall, DEE and ethanol extract of J. gossypiifolia were found to significantly reduce oviposition by the pest insect.
{"title":"EUPHORBIACEAE PLANT EXTRACTS AS OVIPOSITIONAL DETERRENT AGAINST CALLOSOBRUCHUS CHINENSIS LINN.(COLEOPTERA:BRUCHIDAE)","authors":"Hina Kosar, M. Srivastava","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.80-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.80-90","url":null,"abstract":"The present work was carried out to screen certain formulations against the pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. raised on grains of Vigna radiata. The plants selected for the study included Euphorbia hirta, Phyllanthus amarus and Jatropha gossypiifolia. The investigation was carried out to study the efficacy of the select three plants and recording the egg laying percent by the pest insect. Different formulations using leaf of the plants were employed in the form of crude extract, aqueous suspension, aqueous extract, ethanol extract and diethyl ether extract. The treatments were made using different dose concentrations viz., 1%, 5%, 10% and 25%. The number of eggs laid by the pest insect was noted and ovipositional deterrence was adjudged. Lowest mean egg laying (No./ pair) by C. chinensis was observed in experimental sets treated with 25 % DEE extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia. Overall, DEE and ethanol extract of J. gossypiifolia were found to significantly reduce oviposition by the pest insect.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.01-07
A. Jantasorn, B. Moungsrimuangdee, T. Dethoup
Plant diseases caused by fungi are one of significant destructive pathogens to economiccrops of Thailand and worldwide. The most common plant pathogenic fungi infectedcrops in Thailand are Pyricularia oryzae Cavara., Rhizoctonia solani (J.G Kuhn),Phytophthora palmivora Butler., Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. and Sacc. Control of these pathogens is by using syntheticfungicides which are expensive and harmful to environment. This study aims at investigating the efficacy of the extract of five plants - Hydnocarpus anthelminthicus Pierre ex Laness., Crateva magna (Lour.) DC., Caesalpinia sappan L., Xanthophyllum lanceatum J. J. Sm., and Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. to inhibit the growth of five plant pathogenic fungi in in vitro conditions at various concentrations. At the 10,000 ppm concentration H. anthelminthicus fruit extracts exhibited reduction in antifungal potential to growth inhibition, and recorded 100 % growth inhibition against P. oryzae, P. palmivora and R. solani followed by S. rolfsii at 96.33 % when compared with water control. X. lanceatum fruit extract that logged excellent inhibitory activity against P. oryzae. Antifungal potential was observed with the extract of C. sappan, which recorded the best inhibitory activity against P. palmivora and S. rolfsii at 88.89 and 78.89 % respectively. Results from this study demonstrated that the ability of some plant extracts viz., H. anthelminthicus, X. lancelatum and C. sappan could be used to control the growth of plant pathogenic fungi and may be applied as an alternative method to reduce fungicide
真菌引起的植物病害是危害泰国乃至世界经济作物的重要病原菌之一。泰国农作物感染的最常见的植物病原真菌是稻瘟病菌。，枯丝核菌(J.G Kuhn)，棕榈疫霉(Phytophthora palmivora Butler);菌核菌;炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz);和Sacc。控制这些病原体的方法是使用合成杀菌剂，这些杀菌剂价格昂贵且对环境有害。摘要本研究旨在探讨五种植物——蛇足果(hydrocarpus anthelminthicus Pierre ex Laness)提取物的药效。，克拉特耶娃麦格纳(Lour.)直流。，黄叶叶黄素，黄叶叶黄素，黄叶叶黄素。以及凤尾花(Carallia brachiata)。稳定。在不同浓度的体外条件下抑制五种植物病原真菌的生长。在1万ppm浓度下，anthelminthicus果实提取物对生长的抑制作用降低，与水分对照相比，对稻瘟病菌(P. oryzae)、棕榈病菌(P. palmivora)和番茄枯萎病菌(R. solani)的生长抑制率为100%，对罗氏病菌(S. rolfsii)的生长抑制率为96.33%。枸杞果实提取物对米曲菌具有良好的抑制活性。菝葜提取物的抑菌活性最高，分别为88.89%和78.89%。本研究结果表明，一些植物提取物如anthelminthicus、X. lancelatum和C. sappan可用于控制植物病原真菌的生长，并可作为减少杀菌剂的替代方法
{"title":"IN VITRO ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF FIVE PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST FIVE PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI CAUSING RICE AND ECONOMIC CROP DISEASES","authors":"A. Jantasorn, B. Moungsrimuangdee, T. Dethoup","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.01-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.01-07","url":null,"abstract":"Plant diseases caused by fungi are one of significant destructive pathogens to economiccrops of Thailand and worldwide. The most common plant pathogenic fungi infectedcrops in Thailand are Pyricularia oryzae Cavara., Rhizoctonia solani (J.G Kuhn),Phytophthora palmivora Butler., Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. and Sacc. Control of these pathogens is by using syntheticfungicides which are expensive and harmful to environment. This study aims at investigating the efficacy of the extract of five plants - Hydnocarpus anthelminthicus Pierre ex Laness., Crateva magna (Lour.) DC., Caesalpinia sappan L., Xanthophyllum lanceatum J. J. Sm., and Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. to inhibit the growth of five plant pathogenic fungi in in vitro conditions at various concentrations. At the 10,000 ppm concentration H. anthelminthicus fruit extracts exhibited reduction in antifungal potential to growth inhibition, and recorded 100 % growth inhibition against P. oryzae, P. palmivora and R. solani followed by S. rolfsii at 96.33 % when compared with water control. X. lanceatum fruit extract that logged excellent inhibitory activity against P. oryzae. Antifungal potential was observed with the extract of C. sappan, which recorded the best inhibitory activity against P. palmivora and S. rolfsii at 88.89 and 78.89 % respectively. Results from this study demonstrated that the ability of some plant extracts viz., H. anthelminthicus, X. lancelatum and C. sappan could be used to control the growth of plant pathogenic fungi and may be applied as an alternative method to reduce fungicide","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.34-40
C. Chinniah, A. Ravikumar, M. Kalyanasundaram, P. Parthiban
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different organic amendments viz., farm yard manure (FYM), neem cake (NC) and Pseudomonas fluorescens in combination with certain entomopathogenic fungal formulations viz., Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo), and Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimm.) against sucking pests of chilli viz., aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood and muranai mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks). Among fourteen treatments tested, seed treatment with P. fluorescens @10 g kg-1 of seed + foliar application of B. bassiana @ 1x108 CFU ml-1, neem cake @ 600 kg ha-1 + B. bassiana @ 1x108 CFU ml-1 and farm yard manure @ 12.5 t ha-1 + B. bassiana @ 1x108 CFU ml-1 were found promising against sucking pests of chilli, which are statistically on par. The next effective treatment was P. fluorescens @ 10 g kg-1 of seed + L. lecani @ 1 x 10-8 CFU ml-1 in reducing population of aphids and thrips on chilli, With regard to yellow mite of chilli, P. fluorescens @ 10g kg-1 of seed + H. thompsonii @ 1 x 10-8 CFU ml-1 was found effective. Further, treatment combination of organic amendments with formulations of B. bassiana recorded highest yield of green chillies and cost benefit ratio (CBR).
通过田间试验，评价了不同有机改剂剂(农家肥、印楝饼、荧光假单胞菌)与特定昆虫病原真菌制剂(费氏Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher)、球孢白僵菌(Balsamo)、Lecanicillium lecanii)对辣椒、蚜虫、桃蚜(Sulzer)、辣椒蓟马、背思蓟马(Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood)、muranai螨、多食tarsonemus latus (Banks)等吸性害虫的防治效果。在试验的14个处理中，荧光单胞菌种子处理10 g kg-1 +叶面施用球孢白僵菌1x108 CFU ml-1、印楝饼处理600 kg ha-1 +球孢白僵菌1x108 CFU ml-1和农家肥处理12.5 t ha-1 +球孢白僵菌1x108 CFU ml-1对辣椒吸虫有较好的防治效果。在减少辣椒上的蚜虫和蓟马种群方面，下一个有效处理是荧光假单胞菌10g kg-1 + L. lecani 1 x 10-8 CFU ml-1，对于辣椒的黄螨，荧光假单胞菌10g kg-1 + H. thompsonii 1 x 10-8 CFU ml-1是有效的。此外，有机改进剂与球孢白僵菌配方组合处理的青椒产量和成本效益比最高。
{"title":"MANAGEMENT OF SUCKING PESTS, BY INTEGRATION OF ORGANIC SOURCES OF AMENDMENTS AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI ON CHILLI","authors":"C. Chinniah, A. Ravikumar, M. Kalyanasundaram, P. Parthiban","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.34-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.34-40","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different organic amendments viz., farm yard manure (FYM), neem cake (NC) and Pseudomonas fluorescens in combination with certain entomopathogenic fungal formulations viz., Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo), and Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimm.) against sucking pests of chilli viz., aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood and muranai mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks). Among fourteen treatments tested, seed treatment with P. fluorescens @10 g kg-1 of seed + foliar application of B. bassiana @ 1x108 CFU ml-1, neem cake @ 600 kg ha-1 + B. bassiana @ 1x108 CFU ml-1 and farm yard manure @ 12.5 t ha-1 + B. bassiana @ 1x108 CFU ml-1 were found promising against sucking pests of chilli, which are statistically on par. The next effective treatment was P. fluorescens @ 10 g kg-1 of seed + L. lecani @ 1 x 10-8 CFU ml-1 in reducing population of aphids and thrips on chilli, With regard to yellow mite of chilli, P. fluorescens @ 10g kg-1 of seed + H. thompsonii @ 1 x 10-8 CFU ml-1 was found effective. Further, treatment combination of organic amendments with formulations of B. bassiana recorded highest yield of green chillies and cost benefit ratio (CBR).","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.52-62
Dewi Sartika Aryani, W. Auamcharoen
In the present study, plant crude extracts extracted from the rhizomes of three medicinal plants, Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (cassumunar ginger), and Kaempferia pulchra (Ridl.) Ridl. (peacock ginger) were investigated for their biological activities, repellent and contact toxicity, against maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. The repellent activity was evaluated using the area preferences method whereas the contact toxicity was determined using the micro-applicator to drop onto the thorax of tested insects. For repellency test, cassumunar ginger with solvent hexane scored the highest repellency up to 99% at concentration 1,415 µg/cm2 at 8 hours after application. The methanol extract of turmeric plant exhibited the highest repellency of 87% at 1,415 µg/cm2 7 hours after exposure compared to other two solvents, hexane and methylene chloride with same plant. Peacock ginger plant with solvent hexane revealed the maximum repellency of 79% at 1,415 µg/cm2 5 hours after exposure. On the other hand, for contact toxicity, turmeric plant was found to be the most effective in inducing mortality after one week of treatments. The turmeric crude extract with solvent hexane achieved 13% of mortality of adults S. zeamais at 45 µg/insect. The highest mortality that caused by plant cassumunar ginger was observed by this crude extract with solvent methylene chloride (8%) at 45 µg/insect at seven days after application. Methanol extract of peacock ginger has the lowest mortality (6%) compared to 2 other plants mentioned above. Thus, these results demonstrated that hexane extracts of C. longa and Z. cassumunar were one of the alternative extracts that were possible to use as insecticidal for S. zeamais control.
{"title":"REPELLENCY AND CONTACT TOXICITY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS FROM THREE THAI PLANTS (ZINGIBERACEAE) AGAINST MAIZE GRAIN WEEVIL, SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS (MOTSCHLUSKY) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)","authors":"Dewi Sartika Aryani, W. Auamcharoen","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.52-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.52-62","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, plant crude extracts extracted from the rhizomes of three medicinal plants, Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (cassumunar ginger), and Kaempferia pulchra (Ridl.) Ridl. (peacock ginger) were investigated for their biological activities, repellent and contact toxicity, against maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. The repellent activity was evaluated using the area preferences method whereas the contact toxicity was determined using the micro-applicator to drop onto the thorax of tested insects. For repellency test, cassumunar ginger with solvent hexane scored the highest repellency up to 99% at concentration 1,415 µg/cm2 at 8 hours after application. The methanol extract of turmeric plant exhibited the highest repellency of 87% at 1,415 µg/cm2 7 hours after exposure compared to other two solvents, hexane and methylene chloride with same plant. Peacock ginger plant with solvent hexane revealed the maximum repellency of 79% at 1,415 µg/cm2 5 hours after exposure. On the other hand, for contact toxicity, turmeric plant was found to be the most effective in inducing mortality after one week of treatments. The turmeric crude extract with solvent hexane achieved 13% of mortality of adults S. zeamais at 45 µg/insect. The highest mortality that caused by plant cassumunar ginger was observed by this crude extract with solvent methylene chloride (8%) at 45 µg/insect at seven days after application. Methanol extract of peacock ginger has the lowest mortality (6%) compared to 2 other plants mentioned above. Thus, these results demonstrated that hexane extracts of C. longa and Z. cassumunar were one of the alternative extracts that were possible to use as insecticidal for S. zeamais control.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.8.2.120-127
M. Manzoor, H. Ali, Abrar Muhammad, I. Alam, Shahzada Hasnain Khalid, Atif Idrees, Muhammad Arif
Moringa oleifera commonly known as Moringa is a multipurpose plant. Field trials were conducted to assess the potency of Moringa leaf (MLE) and root extracts (MRE) as plant growth regulator (PGR) and a Bio-pesticide on wheat crop. At distinct crop growth stages (tillering, booting, and heading) with different concentrations (5, 10, 12.5, and 25% v/v or w/v or w/w) of MLE and MRE were applied. Results showed statistically significant increase in crop growth traits and reduction in aphid infestation (booting, milk, and heading stage). As plant growth regulator maximum leaf area duration (LAD), leaf area index (LAI), and total dry matter accumulation (TDM) were recorded at all growth stages for MLE 25%. Highest crop growth rate (CGR) (24.91 gm-2day-1) at tillering was achieved for MLE 5%, 13.04 gm-2day-1 for MRE 10% at booting stage and 8.76 gm-2day-1 for MLE 10% at heading stage. Maximum thousand grains weight (57.33g), highest number of spikes per plant (9.67plant-1) and maximum grain yield (4446Kg hac-1) were determined for MLE 25%. The heading stage of the crop was heavily infested with aphids and MLE 5% significantly reduced pest infestation compared to other concentrations of MLE and MRE and control group. Overall, MLE and MRE proved very effective as plant growth regulator and a Biopesticide against wheat aphid on wheat crop.
{"title":"POTENTIAL OF MORINGA (MORINGA OLEIFERA: MORINGACEAE) AS PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR AND BIO-PESTICIDE AGAINST WHEAT APHIDS ON WHEAT CROP (TRITICUM AESTIVUM; POACEAE)","authors":"M. Manzoor, H. Ali, Abrar Muhammad, I. Alam, Shahzada Hasnain Khalid, Atif Idrees, Muhammad Arif","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.8.2.120-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.8.2.120-127","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera commonly known as Moringa is a multipurpose plant. Field trials were conducted to assess the potency of Moringa leaf (MLE) and root extracts (MRE) as plant growth regulator (PGR) and a Bio-pesticide on wheat crop. At distinct crop growth stages (tillering, booting, and heading) with different concentrations (5, 10, 12.5, and 25% v/v or w/v or w/w) of MLE and MRE were applied. Results showed statistically significant increase in crop growth traits and reduction in aphid infestation (booting, milk, and heading stage). As plant growth regulator maximum leaf area duration (LAD), leaf area index (LAI), and total dry matter accumulation (TDM) were recorded at all growth stages for MLE 25%. Highest crop growth rate (CGR) (24.91 gm-2day-1) at tillering was achieved for MLE 5%, 13.04 gm-2day-1 for MRE 10% at booting stage and 8.76 gm-2day-1 for MLE 10% at heading stage. Maximum thousand grains weight (57.33g), highest number of spikes per plant (9.67plant-1) and maximum grain yield (4446Kg hac-1) were determined for MLE 25%. The heading stage of the crop was heavily infested with aphids and MLE 5% significantly reduced pest infestation compared to other concentrations of MLE and MRE and control group. Overall, MLE and MRE proved very effective as plant growth regulator and a Biopesticide against wheat aphid on wheat crop.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.8.2.116-119
V. Savaliya, C. Bhaliya, P. B. Marviya, L. Akbari
Occurrence of root rot disease in sesame has become a major constraint for cultivation of sesame in Junagadh district of Gujarat State (India). Considering the fact, the following investigation was carried out for this pathological problem. The efficacy of various botanicals were evaluated against Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid causing root rot of sesame. The phytoextracts of nine plant species were evaluated in vitro by poisoned food technique against M. phaseolina. The extract of garlic cloves (Allium sativum L.) was proved excellent with maximum inhibiting (77.65 %) mycelial growth and scanty sclerotial formation followed by onion bulb extract (Allium cepa L.) (63.98%). while least growth inhibition (32.34 %) was recorded in ginger rhizome extract
{"title":"EVALUATION OF PHYTOEXTRACTS AGAINST MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA (TASSI) GOID CAUSING ROOT ROT OF SESAME","authors":"V. Savaliya, C. Bhaliya, P. B. Marviya, L. Akbari","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.8.2.116-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.8.2.116-119","url":null,"abstract":"Occurrence of root rot disease in sesame has become a major constraint for cultivation of sesame in Junagadh district of Gujarat State (India). Considering the fact, the following investigation was carried out for this pathological problem. The efficacy of various botanicals were evaluated against Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid causing root rot of sesame. The phytoextracts of nine plant species were evaluated in vitro by poisoned food technique against M. phaseolina. The extract of garlic cloves (Allium sativum L.) was proved excellent with maximum inhibiting (77.65 %) mycelial growth and scanty sclerotial formation followed by onion bulb extract (Allium cepa L.) (63.98%). while least growth inhibition (32.34 %) was recorded in ginger rhizome extract","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"48 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.8.2.62-67
S. Mehta, B. Baheti, B. S. Rathore, C. P. Nama
Maize cyst nematode, Heterodera zeae (Koshy et al.) has been reported to cause significant losses in Rajasthan due to monocropping of maize, favorable soil and environmental conditions and ignorance of management practices. In present investigation, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica), aak (Calotropis procera) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaf powder for the management of maize cyst nematode, H. zeae on maize variety PEHM-2. Plant leaf powders were applied at 1, 2 and 4 g/plant as soil amendment at the time of sowing. A treated chemical check (Phorate 2 kg/ha) and untreated check were also maintained for interpretation of experimental results. Results indicated maximum increase in shoot length, root length, shoot weight and root weight which were observed when neem leaf powders were applied at 4 g/plant followed by aak and water hyacinth leaf powders at 4 g/plant. Significant reduction in nematode population viz., cyst/plant, cyst/100 cc soil, eggs and larvae/cyst and larvae/100 cc soil was also observed with neem leaf powders at 4 g/plant over control.
{"title":"BOTANICALS- AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF MAIZE CYST NEMATODE, HETERODERA ZEAE ON MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)","authors":"S. Mehta, B. Baheti, B. S. Rathore, C. P. Nama","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.8.2.62-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.8.2.62-67","url":null,"abstract":"Maize cyst nematode, Heterodera zeae (Koshy et al.) has been reported to cause significant losses in Rajasthan due to monocropping of maize, favorable soil and environmental conditions and ignorance of management practices. In present investigation, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica), aak (Calotropis procera) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaf powder for the management of maize cyst nematode, H. zeae on maize variety PEHM-2. Plant leaf powders were applied at 1, 2 and 4 g/plant as soil amendment at the time of sowing. A treated chemical check (Phorate 2 kg/ha) and untreated check were also maintained for interpretation of experimental results. Results indicated maximum increase in shoot length, root length, shoot weight and root weight which were observed when neem leaf powders were applied at 4 g/plant followed by aak and water hyacinth leaf powders at 4 g/plant. Significant reduction in nematode population viz., cyst/plant, cyst/100 cc soil, eggs and larvae/cyst and larvae/100 cc soil was also observed with neem leaf powders at 4 g/plant over control.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.8.1.37-44
G. Selem, E. El-Sheikh
The house fly, Musca domestica, is a very significant pest due to transmitting of various human and animal pathogenic diseases. In a response to environmental threats of chemical insecticides, toxic and biochemical effects of a relatively new plant extracts of willow (Salix aegyptiaca L.) and chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus L.) comparing with NeemAzal T/S were studied on 3rd larval instar of M. domestica. Results showed that NeemAzal T/S is highly toxic to 3rd larval instar with LC50 and LC90 of 0.009 and 0.098 µg mL-1, respectively. Whereas, willow and chasteberry showed low toxic effects comparing with NeemAzal T/S with LC90 of 70.048 and 66.698 µg mL-1, respectively. Concentrations of total protein markedly decreased in 3rd larval instar after 24 hours exposure to NeemAzal T/S, willow and chasteberry with no significant effects on total lipids compared with control. NeemAzal T/S, willow and chasteberry significantly decreased ALT activity, but NeemAzal T/S only markedly decreased AST activity. On the other hand, amylase (EC3.2.1.1) significantlyincreased due to exposure to all tested substances with only significant increase in invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) activity due to exposure to chasteberry. Larval exposure to NeemAzal T/S, willow or chasteberry showed normal trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) activity as control. These findings show that willow and chasteberry can cause marked toxic effects on larvae of M. domestica as well as NeemAzal T/S, which suggesting that more studies on insect development using these plant extracts could be useful
{"title":"TOXICITY AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF NEEM AZAL T/S, WILLOW (SALIX AEGYPTIACA L.) AND CHASTEBERRY (VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS L.) ON HOUSE FLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA L. (DIPTRA : MUSCIDAE)","authors":"G. Selem, E. El-Sheikh","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.8.1.37-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.8.1.37-44","url":null,"abstract":"The house fly, Musca domestica, is a very significant pest due to transmitting of various human and animal pathogenic diseases. In a response to environmental threats of chemical insecticides, toxic and biochemical effects of a relatively new plant extracts of willow (Salix aegyptiaca L.) and chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus L.) comparing with NeemAzal T/S were studied on 3rd larval instar of M. domestica. Results showed that NeemAzal T/S is highly toxic to 3rd larval instar with LC50 and LC90 of 0.009 and 0.098 µg mL-1, respectively. Whereas, willow and chasteberry showed low toxic effects comparing with NeemAzal T/S with LC90 of 70.048 and 66.698 µg mL-1, respectively. Concentrations of total protein markedly decreased in 3rd larval instar after 24 hours exposure to NeemAzal T/S, willow and chasteberry with no significant effects on total lipids compared with control. NeemAzal T/S, willow and chasteberry significantly decreased ALT activity, but NeemAzal T/S only markedly decreased AST activity. On the other hand, amylase (EC3.2.1.1) significantlyincreased due to exposure to all tested substances with only significant increase in invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) activity due to exposure to chasteberry. Larval exposure to NeemAzal T/S, willow or chasteberry showed normal trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) activity as control. These findings show that willow and chasteberry can cause marked toxic effects on larvae of M. domestica as well as NeemAzal T/S, which suggesting that more studies on insect development using these plant extracts could be useful","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.8.1.52-55
U. Amala, C. Chinniah, I. Sawant, N. Muthukrishnan, C. Muthiah
The selective toxicity of three doses viz., 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 mL/L ofspirotetramat 150 OD against the life stages of Chrysoperlazastrowisillemi was studied under in vitro conditions. The higher dose of tested insecticide caused 28.88% mortality and hence spirotetramat can be considered ‘harmless’ to C. z. sillemi as per the categorization of IOBC (International Organization on Biological Control). There was no adverse effect of spirotetramat 150 OD over the egg hatching percentage, rate of pupation, adult emergence and fecundity of C. z. sillemiand hence considered as a safer molecule to be integrated with chrysoperla in insect management programs.
{"title":"SAFETY EVALUATION OF SPIROTETRAMAT 150 OD AGAINST PREDATOR CHRYSOPERLA ZASTROWISILLEMI (ESBERSON PETERSON) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS","authors":"U. Amala, C. Chinniah, I. Sawant, N. Muthukrishnan, C. Muthiah","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.8.1.52-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.8.1.52-55","url":null,"abstract":"The selective toxicity of three doses viz., 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 mL/L ofspirotetramat 150 OD against the life stages of Chrysoperlazastrowisillemi was studied under in vitro conditions. The higher dose of tested insecticide caused 28.88% mortality and hence spirotetramat can be considered ‘harmless’ to C. z. sillemi as per the categorization of IOBC (International Organization on Biological Control). There was no adverse effect of spirotetramat 150 OD over the egg hatching percentage, rate of pupation, adult emergence and fecundity of C. z. sillemiand hence considered as a safer molecule to be integrated with chrysoperla in insect management programs.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"123 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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