Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.135-139
E. Ilondu, B. O. Bosah
Acetone and methanol leaf extracts fractions of Solanum nigrum and Physalis angulata at various concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 100, 50 mg/ml) in PDA were tested against Macrophomina phaseolina, a pathogen of fruit rot disease of melon. All the extract concentrations showed significant (P<0.05) activity with dose and species-dependent effect against the phytopathogen. Acetone extracts had superior activity over methanol extracts with 100% inhibition of fungal growth at 500mg/ml for S. nigrum and 1000mg/ml for P. angulata. Phytochemical tests of the extracts revealed the presence of secondary metabolites in varying degrees with high concentrations of flavonoids and tannins which may be responsible for observed fungitoxic activity. The results of this study have uncovered the potentials of the Solanaceous weeds as antifungal agents. We therefore suggest field formulations and trials of these extracts as soil drench in agricultural farms against soil-borne pathogens
{"title":"FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY OF SOLANUM NIGRUM AND PHYSALIS ANGULATA EXTRACTS AGAINST MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA, A FRUIT ROT PATHOGEN OF MELON (CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS (L.) SCHRAD","authors":"E. Ilondu, B. O. Bosah","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.135-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.135-139","url":null,"abstract":"Acetone and methanol leaf extracts fractions of Solanum nigrum and Physalis angulata at various concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 100, 50 mg/ml) in PDA were tested against Macrophomina phaseolina, a pathogen of fruit rot disease of melon. All the extract concentrations showed significant (P<0.05) activity with dose and species-dependent effect against the phytopathogen. Acetone extracts had superior activity over methanol extracts with 100% inhibition of fungal growth at 500mg/ml for S. nigrum and 1000mg/ml for P. angulata. Phytochemical tests of the extracts revealed the presence of secondary metabolites in varying degrees with high concentrations of flavonoids and tannins which may be responsible for observed fungitoxic activity. The results of this study have uncovered the potentials of the Solanaceous weeds as antifungal agents. We therefore suggest field formulations and trials of these extracts as soil drench in agricultural farms against soil-borne pathogens","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47671449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.83-89
Mohammad Nateq Golestan, H. Rahimi
The development of stored products pests in foodstuffs is one of the most important challenges in the food packaging industry. In this research, the control of two species of the most important stored product pests placed inside the packages composed of two types of permeable wrappers under modified atmospheric conditions was studied. The experiments were performed at 25 ± 2 °C and 35± 5% r.h. with exposure period 7 days. Two pest species (Tribolium confusum Jacquelin Du Val and Plodia interpunctella (Hubner)), three foodstuffs (wheat, wheat flour and rolled oats) with two wrappers (Wovenpolypropylene/laminated-perforated and Non-woven-polypropylene fabric) were placed inside the chamber with three levels of O3 gas (50, 100 and 150 ppm) in base atmosphere of 70% CO2. The results of obvious and hidden contamination experiments showed that the mortality rate of confused flour beetle was lower than that of the Indian-meal moth at 0.05 level. Among the foodstuff treatments, the lowest mortality rate was observed in wheat flour. Also, wheat treatment had different effects on two species of pests. The NWPP wrapper showed a higher mortality rate than the WPP/LP. The highest mortality rates were obtained at concentrations of 100 and 150 ppm of O3 gas
食品中储存产品害虫的发展是食品包装行业最重要的挑战之一。在这项研究中，研究了在改良的大气条件下，对放置在由两种可渗透包装物组成的包装内的两种最重要的储存产品害虫的控制。实验在25±2°C和35±5%r.h.下进行，暴露期为7天。将两种害虫（Tribolium confusium Jacquelin Du Val和Plodia interpunctella（Hubner））、三种食品（小麦、小麦粉和燕麦卷）和两种包装物（Wovenpolypropylene/层压穿孔和非织造聚丙烯织物）放置在具有三个水平的O3气体（50、100和150ppm）的室内，基本大气为70%的CO2。显性和隐性污染实验结果表明，迷糊粉虱的死亡率低于印度粉虱，为0.05水平。在食品处理中，小麦粉的死亡率最低。此外，小麦处理对两种害虫的影响不同。NWPP包装显示出比WPP/LP更高的死亡率。O3气体浓度为100和150ppm时死亡率最高
{"title":"EFFECT OF MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE ON OBVIOUS AND HIDDEN CONTAMINATION TO CONTROL OF PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA (HUBNER) AND TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM JACQUELIN DU VAL INSIDE HIGHLY PERMEABLE PACKAGES","authors":"Mohammad Nateq Golestan, H. Rahimi","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.83-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.83-89","url":null,"abstract":"The development of stored products pests in foodstuffs is one of the most important challenges in the food packaging industry. In this research, the control of two species of the most important stored product pests placed inside the packages composed of two types of permeable wrappers under modified atmospheric conditions was studied. The experiments were performed at 25 ± 2 °C and 35± 5% r.h. with exposure period 7 days. Two pest species (Tribolium confusum Jacquelin Du Val and Plodia interpunctella (Hubner)), three foodstuffs (wheat, wheat flour and rolled oats) with two wrappers (Wovenpolypropylene/laminated-perforated and Non-woven-polypropylene fabric) were placed inside the chamber with three levels of O3 gas (50, 100 and 150 ppm) in base atmosphere of 70% CO2. The results of obvious and hidden contamination experiments showed that the mortality rate of confused flour beetle was lower than that of the Indian-meal moth at 0.05 level. Among the foodstuff treatments, the lowest mortality rate was observed in wheat flour. Also, wheat treatment had different effects on two species of pests. The NWPP wrapper showed a higher mortality rate than the WPP/LP. The highest mortality rates were obtained at concentrations of 100 and 150 ppm of O3 gas","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43789078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.99-104
S. Agale, Rajeev Gupta, G. Rangarao, S. Gopalakrishnan, J. Jaba, S. Wani
A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different biopesticides against the second instar larva of Helicoverpa armigera at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics during 2016-2017. Varied doses of biopesticides were used during experiment against second instar larvae of H. armigera and recorded the percent morality. Among the selected biopesticides neem seed powder, HaNPV and Spinosad showed superior and recorded maximum per cent morality at 24 hr and 48 hr day after release. The metarhizium anisopliae, Streptomyces sp. and consortia were at par with each other.
{"title":"EFFICACY OF SOME SELECTED BIOPESTICIDES AGAINST HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (HUB.) USING DETACHED LEAF BIOASSAY IN CHICKPEA","authors":"S. Agale, Rajeev Gupta, G. Rangarao, S. Gopalakrishnan, J. Jaba, S. Wani","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.99-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.99-104","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different biopesticides against the second instar larva of Helicoverpa armigera at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics during 2016-2017. Varied doses of biopesticides were used during experiment against second instar larvae of H. armigera and recorded the percent morality. Among the selected biopesticides neem seed powder, HaNPV and Spinosad showed superior and recorded maximum per cent morality at 24 hr and 48 hr day after release. The metarhizium anisopliae, Streptomyces sp. and consortia were at par with each other.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49101578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.90-98
S. S. Kadam, S. More, J. Waghmare
The objective of this research work was to investigate the chemical composition and the insecticidal activity of Tranchyspermum ammi (Carom oil) against grain bugs originated in stored grains. In this study, essential oil of Tranchyspermum ammi is obtained by hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus. Thymol is a major chemical constituent isolated from Carom oil. Presence of thymol in Carom oil was determined and confirmed by GC, GC-MS and FT-IR analysis. Organoleptic and Physio-chemical properties of Carom oil were also analyzed. Apart from thymol, other compounds present in Carom oil were pcymene, γ-terpinene and β-pinene. 67.73 % of thymol was quantified in Carom oil.
{"title":"TRANCHYSPERMUM AMMI : NATURAL PESTICIDES","authors":"S. S. Kadam, S. More, J. Waghmare","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.90-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.90-98","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research work was to investigate the chemical composition and the insecticidal activity of Tranchyspermum ammi (Carom oil) against grain bugs originated in stored grains. In this study, essential oil of Tranchyspermum ammi is obtained by hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus. Thymol is a major chemical constituent isolated from Carom oil. Presence of thymol in Carom oil was determined and confirmed by GC, GC-MS and FT-IR analysis. Organoleptic and Physio-chemical properties of Carom oil were also analyzed. Apart from thymol, other compounds present in Carom oil were pcymene, γ-terpinene and β-pinene. 67.73 % of thymol was quantified in Carom oil.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45451395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.120-129
K. Patel, A. Narasimhacharya
Termites are found throughout the world and are a perennial economical issue. Some plants are bestowed with anti-termite compounds which prevent termite infestation. In our study, we examined the anti-termite potential of four plant species namely, Achyranthes asapera, Sida acuta, Syzygium cumini and Terminalia arjuna against Odontotermes obesus. Acetone, chloroform, n-hexane, methanol and distilled water extracts were prepared, their qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constitution was determined. Additional qualitative assays were conducted on the extracts for diterpenes, oils, phytosterols and terpenoids. Methanol extracts were found to be more diverse in phytoconstituents followed by chloroform and acetone extracts. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, total phenols and tannins were found in higher quantities in S. cumini and T. arjuna as compared to A. aspera and S. acuta. The anti-termite potential of each extract revealed that among the plants examined, T. arjunastem methanolic extract exhibited the highest termiticidal potential (74.67%) followed by S.cumini leaf and stem methanolic extracts(70% ,67% respectively). Aqueous extract of A. Aspera was found effective against termites and exhibited 56% mortality over a period of 48hrs
{"title":"ANTI-TERMITE ACTIVITY OF CERTAIN PLANTS AGAINST ODONTOTERMES OBESUS","authors":"K. Patel, A. Narasimhacharya","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.120-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.120-129","url":null,"abstract":"Termites are found throughout the world and are a perennial economical issue. Some plants are bestowed with anti-termite compounds which prevent termite infestation. In our study, we examined the anti-termite potential of four plant species namely, Achyranthes asapera, Sida acuta, Syzygium cumini and Terminalia arjuna against Odontotermes obesus. Acetone, chloroform, n-hexane, methanol and distilled water extracts were prepared, their qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constitution was determined. Additional qualitative assays were conducted on the extracts for diterpenes, oils, phytosterols and terpenoids. Methanol extracts were found to be more diverse in phytoconstituents followed by chloroform and acetone extracts. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, total phenols and tannins were found in higher quantities in S. cumini and T. arjuna as compared to A. aspera and S. acuta. The anti-termite potential of each extract revealed that among the plants examined, T. arjunastem methanolic extract exhibited the highest termiticidal potential (74.67%) followed by S.cumini leaf and stem methanolic extracts(70% ,67% respectively). Aqueous extract of A. Aspera was found effective against termites and exhibited 56% mortality over a period of 48hrs","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44401617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.105-112
S. Ghosh, Subhankar Banerjee, C. Sengupta
The primary mechanisms of plant disease suppression by biological control agents are by production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites like siderophores, antibiotics, volatile substances etc. Siderophores are low molecular iron chelating compounds produced by fungi and bacteria under iron stress condition. The present study is focused on the detection, estimation and characterisation of siderophores from different soil borne fungal biocontrol agents like Trichoderma spp., Beauveria spp. and Metarhizium spp. Isolates of Trichoderma have shown positive results in CAS agar plate whereas Beauveria and Metarhizium have shown negative results. The isolates with positive results were opted for characterization and quantitative estimation of siderophore. T. harzianum produced a maximum percentage of siderophore (85.00%), followed by T. viride (65.50%), T. asperellum (60.27%) and T. longibrachiatum (45.50%). While studying the typification of siderophores, it was found that T. harzianum recorded with maximum hydroxymate and carboxylate production whereas T. viride, T. asperellum and T. longibrachiatum recorded with lesser production of hydroxymate and carboxylate as confirmed by color intensity. But none of the isolates was recorded with catecholate production. Through spectrophotometric analysis, it has been found that slightly alkaline pH was more favorable for the siderophore production for different spp. of Trichoderma. The productions of siderophore from Trichoderma spp. not only scavenge iron which lead to inactivation of those enzymes of the pathogen where iron plays the critical role as cofactor which supplies that iron to the host plant resulting in plantgrowth promotion. Siderophore also has a high degree of influence on medical science in MRI imaging. So mapping of different strains of Trichoderma with high antagonistic efficacy along with profound potency of siderophore production will encourage eco friendly management of fungal diseases on crops, crop improvement and enrichment of medical science
{"title":"BIOASSAY, CHARACTERIZATION AND ESTIMATION OF SIDEROPHORES FROM SOME IMPORTANT ANTAGONISTIC FUNGI","authors":"S. Ghosh, Subhankar Banerjee, C. Sengupta","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.105-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.105-112","url":null,"abstract":"The primary mechanisms of plant disease suppression by biological control agents are by production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites like siderophores, antibiotics, volatile substances etc. Siderophores are low molecular iron chelating compounds produced by fungi and bacteria under iron stress condition. The present study is focused on the detection, estimation and characterisation of siderophores from different soil borne fungal biocontrol agents like Trichoderma spp., Beauveria spp. and Metarhizium spp. Isolates of Trichoderma have shown positive results in CAS agar plate whereas Beauveria and Metarhizium have shown negative results. The isolates with positive results were opted for characterization and quantitative estimation of siderophore. T. harzianum produced a maximum percentage of siderophore (85.00%), followed by T. viride (65.50%), T. asperellum (60.27%) and T. longibrachiatum (45.50%). While studying the typification of siderophores, it was found that T. harzianum recorded with maximum hydroxymate and carboxylate production whereas T. viride, T. asperellum and T. longibrachiatum recorded with lesser production of hydroxymate and carboxylate as confirmed by color intensity. But none of the isolates was recorded with catecholate production. Through spectrophotometric analysis, it has been found that slightly alkaline pH was more favorable for the siderophore production for different spp. of Trichoderma. The productions of siderophore from Trichoderma spp. not only scavenge iron which lead to inactivation of those enzymes of the pathogen where iron plays the critical role as cofactor which supplies that iron to the host plant resulting in plantgrowth promotion. Siderophore also has a high degree of influence on medical science in MRI imaging. So mapping of different strains of Trichoderma with high antagonistic efficacy along with profound potency of siderophore production will encourage eco friendly management of fungal diseases on crops, crop improvement and enrichment of medical science","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43115080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.113-119
Y. Yanti, Warnita, Reflin, Chainur Rahman Nasution
Four Bacillus cereus isolates acquired from previous studies have good biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activity in plants. This study purposes to acquire best Bacillus cereus which has the ability to control Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis and plant growth promoting activity on fields. Research was conducted in Alahan Panjang, Solok District, West Sumatera, Indonesia. It used Complete Randomized Design with three replications. Parameters observed are disease development (Symptom, severity), growth development (germination rate, plant height, number of leaves, root length) and generative phase (Time of flowering and yields). Result showed that indigenous rhizobacterial isolates have varied ability to control pathogen and promote growth. All B. cereus persist in moderate density after 30 week introduction and have the ability to control disease development and reduce the symptom appearance of Bacillus cereus Strain JN233 have the ability to control R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis and have best ability to promote growth rate of pepper.
{"title":"EFFECTIVITY OF BACILLUS CEREUS TO CONTROL RALSTONIA SYZYGII SUBSP. INDONESIENSIS AND GROWTH PROMOTING OF CHILI PEPPER","authors":"Y. Yanti, Warnita, Reflin, Chainur Rahman Nasution","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.113-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.113-119","url":null,"abstract":"Four Bacillus cereus isolates acquired from previous studies have good biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activity in plants. This study purposes to acquire best Bacillus cereus which has the ability to control Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis and plant growth promoting activity on fields. Research was conducted in Alahan Panjang, Solok District, West Sumatera, Indonesia. It used Complete Randomized Design with three replications. Parameters observed are disease development (Symptom, severity), growth development (germination rate, plant height, number of leaves, root length) and generative phase (Time of flowering and yields). Result showed that indigenous rhizobacterial isolates have varied ability to control pathogen and promote growth. All B. cereus persist in moderate density after 30 week introduction and have the ability to control disease development and reduce the symptom appearance of Bacillus cereus Strain JN233 have the ability to control R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis and have best ability to promote growth rate of pepper.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46718137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.146-153
O. M. Azeez
Fifty five accessions comprising both local and exotic clones were assessed for their resistance to field pest at Abarakata farm, CRIN. The accessions derived from Mambilla plateau, CRIN out-station, Taraba State were screened for resistance to infestation by leaf defoliators. Results revealed that there were significant differences among the accessions in terms of the number of holes on the leaf and plant damage both in the dry and raining season. On NGC15, NGC17, NGC19, C235, C357 tea clones recorded less number of holes and total damage of leaves and thus considered highly resistant to field insect pests. Based on the rating, clones NGC 8, NGC12, NGC14, NGC24, NGC27, NGC40, NGC41, NGC42,NGC49, NGC50,NGC51, C68, C270,C318, C359, C377 were significantly resistant to the insect infestations, while NGC18, NGC22, NGC23,NGC25, NGC26, NGC29, NGC35,NGC47, NGC48, NGC53, NGC54, NGC55, C61, C136, C143, C228, C236, C327, C353, C354, C369, C370 were moderately resistant. NGC13, NGC32, NGC37, NGC38, NGC45, NGC46, C56, C74, C108, C363, C367 and C368 were the most susceptible with the highest damage indices values (P<0.05). The range of each of the resistance indices measured in the susceptible clones in both dry and wet season were number of leaf damage (43-51)(37-46), number of leaf holes (18-19)(16-20).
{"title":"COMPARATIVE PLANT RESISTANCE IN FIFTY-FIVE TEA ACCESSIONS, CAMELLIA SINENSIS L., IN IBADAN, SOUTH WEST, NIGERIA","authors":"O. M. Azeez","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.146-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.146-153","url":null,"abstract":"Fifty five accessions comprising both local and exotic clones were assessed for their resistance to field pest at Abarakata farm, CRIN. The accessions derived from Mambilla plateau, CRIN out-station, Taraba State were screened for resistance to infestation by leaf defoliators. Results revealed that there were significant differences among the accessions in terms of the number of holes on the leaf and plant damage both in the dry and raining season. On NGC15, NGC17, NGC19, C235, C357 tea clones recorded less number of holes and total damage of leaves and thus considered highly resistant to field insect pests. Based on the rating, clones NGC 8, NGC12, NGC14, NGC24, NGC27, NGC40, NGC41, NGC42,NGC49, NGC50,NGC51, C68, C270,C318, C359, C377 were significantly resistant to the insect infestations, while NGC18, NGC22, NGC23,NGC25, NGC26, NGC29, NGC35,NGC47, NGC48, NGC53, NGC54, NGC55, C61, C136, C143, C228, C236, C327, C353, C354, C369, C370 were moderately resistant. NGC13, NGC32, NGC37, NGC38, NGC45, NGC46, C56, C74, C108, C363, C367 and C368 were the most susceptible with the highest damage indices values (P<0.05). The range of each of the resistance indices measured in the susceptible clones in both dry and wet season were number of leaf damage (43-51)(37-46), number of leaf holes (18-19)(16-20).","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49509139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.130-134
S. Hemalatha, K. Ramaraju, S. Jeyarani
Influence of nine UV protectants on the persistence of the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana (Bb 111) was evaluated in the laboratory. Among the UV protectants screened with the local B. bassiana (Bb 111) isolate, skimmed milk, yeast extract, starch, molasses and tinopal were found to be promising and offered good conidial protection with more than 70 per cent germination even after 60 minutes of UV exposure. Other UV protectants viz., folic acid (66.19%) and sucrose (61.91%) offered moderate protection of B. bassiana (Bb 111) conidia. Skimmed milk at 2 and 5 per cent concentration consistently recorded higher germination of 85.71 and 89.29 per cent respectively at 60 minutes of exposure. Upon 90 minutes of UV exposure, in B. bassiana (Bb 111) alone, the spore viability was drastically reduced to 27.38 per cent, whereas skimmed milk and starch at 5 per cent offered 71.43 and 53.85 per cent conidial germination respectively
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT PROTECTANTS ON THE PERSISTENCE OF THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS BEAUVERIA BASSIANA","authors":"S. Hemalatha, K. Ramaraju, S. Jeyarani","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.130-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.130-134","url":null,"abstract":"Influence of nine UV protectants on the persistence of the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana (Bb 111) was evaluated in the laboratory. Among the UV protectants screened with the local B. bassiana (Bb 111) isolate, skimmed milk, yeast extract, starch, molasses and tinopal were found to be promising and offered good conidial protection with more than 70 per cent germination even after 60 minutes of UV exposure. Other UV protectants viz., folic acid (66.19%) and sucrose (61.91%) offered moderate protection of B. bassiana (Bb 111) conidia. Skimmed milk at 2 and 5 per cent concentration consistently recorded higher germination of 85.71 and 89.29 per cent respectively at 60 minutes of exposure. Upon 90 minutes of UV exposure, in B. bassiana (Bb 111) alone, the spore viability was drastically reduced to 27.38 per cent, whereas skimmed milk and starch at 5 per cent offered 71.43 and 53.85 per cent conidial germination respectively","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47935119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.66-70
S. Gaikwad, R. V. Nakat, R. Shelke
Studies were conducted to determine the pathogenicity of Lecanicillium lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) II instar nymphs under laboratory conditions. The nymphs of P. marginatuswere susceptible to all three entomopathogenic fungi at varying levels. In general, insect mortality was increased with an increase in the exposure dose and period. When L. lecanii, M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were tested against P. marginatus nymphs, L. lecanii recorded the highest mortality of 73.33 % at 144 hrs after treatment (HAT). M. anisopliae and B. bassiana recorded 63.33 and 56.66% mortality, respectively, at 144 HAT. The LC50 values of L. lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana for II instar nymphs of P. marginatus were 1.7 x 106 CFU/ml, 1.3 x 107 CFU/ml and 7.0 X 107 CFU/ml, respectively.
{"title":"PATHOGENICITY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI ON PARACOCCUS MARGINATUS WILLIAMS AND GRANARA DE WILLINK","authors":"S. Gaikwad, R. V. Nakat, R. Shelke","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.66-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.66-70","url":null,"abstract":"Studies were conducted to determine the pathogenicity of Lecanicillium lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) II instar nymphs under laboratory conditions. The nymphs of P. marginatuswere susceptible to all three entomopathogenic fungi at varying levels. In general, insect mortality was increased with an increase in the exposure dose and period. When L. lecanii, M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were tested against P. marginatus nymphs, L. lecanii recorded the highest mortality of 73.33 % at 144 hrs after treatment (HAT). M. anisopliae and B. bassiana recorded 63.33 and 56.66% mortality, respectively, at 144 HAT. The LC50 values of L. lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana for II instar nymphs of P. marginatus were 1.7 x 106 CFU/ml, 1.3 x 107 CFU/ml and 7.0 X 107 CFU/ml, respectively.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42003165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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