Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.220-227
H. Kutinkova, S. Gandev, V. Dzhuvinov, B. Lingren
Oriental fruit moth (OFM), Cydia molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and peach twig borer (PTB) Anarsia lineatella (Zell) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) are economically important pests of peach, nectarine and apricot in Bulgaria. Their larvae cause damage, infesting shoots and fruits. Investigations were carried out in two fruit-bearing commercial peach orchards in South-East Bulgaria in the Sliven district during the period 2014 -2016. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of mating disruption (MD) in control of pests in peach orchards, using CIDETRAK® OFM (Oriental Fruit Moth)/ PTB (peach twig borer) and CIDETRAK® OFM/PTB MESO dispensers. The damage to shoots was evaluated during the first generation of OFM and PTB on 20 trees, randomly selected within the central area of each block. Correspondingly, fruit damage was recorded on 100 fruits per each selected tree; so, 2000 fruits were inspected for damage from both pests in each block. The rate of damaged fruits in the trial plots were compared with that in the reference orchard, located in the vicinity, treated with conventional pesticides. CIDETRAK® OFM/PTB (@400 dispensers/ha) and CIDETRAK® OFM/PTB MESO (@80 and 20 dispensers/ha) completely inhibited C. molesta in the pheromone traps installed in the trial plots, indicating a high level of disruption. The percentage of shoots infested by OFM and PTB larvae was 0% in the MD plots, and the damage rate to fruits was rather low (>1%). The present results do confirm that mating disruption, using CIDETRAK® OFM/PTB and CIDETRAK® OFM/PTB MESO dispensers, can provide a more effective control of both important pests on peach - oriental fruit moth and peach twig borer. The use rate of CIDETRAK® OFM/PTB and CIDETRAK® OFM/PTB MESO dispensers shows that the reduced rate of dispensers does not affect the effectiveness of mating disruption and will help the growers to decrease labour in the field. Applications of these dispensers can provide effective control of oriental fruit moth and peach twig borer, than the conventional protection programmes employed in Bulgaria. This approach to controlling oriental fruit moth and peach twig borer is in line with the recent EU recommendations that emphasize the preservation of the natural environment and production of healthy fruits, with no pesticide residues
{"title":"CONTROL OF ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH CYDIA MOLESTA AND PEACH TWIG BORER ANARSIA LINEATELLA BY USING PHEROMONE DISPENSERS IN BULGARIA","authors":"H. Kutinkova, S. Gandev, V. Dzhuvinov, B. Lingren","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.220-227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.220-227","url":null,"abstract":"Oriental fruit moth (OFM), Cydia molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and peach twig borer (PTB) Anarsia lineatella (Zell) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) are economically important pests of peach, nectarine and apricot in Bulgaria. Their larvae cause damage, infesting shoots and fruits. Investigations were carried out in two fruit-bearing commercial peach orchards in South-East Bulgaria in the Sliven district during the period 2014 -2016. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of mating disruption (MD) in control of pests in peach orchards, using CIDETRAK® OFM (Oriental Fruit Moth)/ PTB (peach twig borer) and CIDETRAK® OFM/PTB MESO dispensers. The damage to shoots was evaluated during the first generation of OFM and PTB on 20 trees, randomly selected within the central area of each block. Correspondingly, fruit damage was recorded on 100 fruits per each selected tree; so, 2000 fruits were inspected for damage from both pests in each block. The rate of damaged fruits in the trial plots were compared with that in the reference orchard, located in the vicinity, treated with conventional pesticides. CIDETRAK® OFM/PTB (@400 dispensers/ha) and CIDETRAK® OFM/PTB MESO (@80 and 20 dispensers/ha) completely inhibited C. molesta in the pheromone traps installed in the trial plots, indicating a high level of disruption. The percentage of shoots infested by OFM and PTB larvae was 0% in the MD plots, and the damage rate to fruits was rather low (>1%). The present results do confirm that mating disruption, using CIDETRAK® OFM/PTB and CIDETRAK® OFM/PTB MESO dispensers, can provide a more effective control of both important pests on peach - oriental fruit moth and peach twig borer. The use rate of CIDETRAK® OFM/PTB and CIDETRAK® OFM/PTB MESO dispensers shows that the reduced rate of dispensers does not affect the effectiveness of mating disruption and will help the growers to decrease labour in the field. Applications of these dispensers can provide effective control of oriental fruit moth and peach twig borer, than the conventional protection programmes employed in Bulgaria. This approach to controlling oriental fruit moth and peach twig borer is in line with the recent EU recommendations that emphasize the preservation of the natural environment and production of healthy fruits, with no pesticide residues","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.119-124
A. Jantasorn, J. Mongon, B. Moungsrimuangdee, T. Oiuphisittraiwat
Fungal diseases affecting plants are one of the most destructive diseases and cause significant losses in many economic crops in Thailand and worldwide. The most common plant pathogenic fungi which cause severe diseases to economic crops in Thailand are Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Sclerotium rolfsii, Phytophthora palmivora, Colletotrichum capsici, Pyricularia grisea, Alternaria sp., Helminthosporium maydis, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Control of these pathogens is carries out through the use of synthetic fungicides which are harmful to environment. This study aims to at investigating the efficacy of the ethyl acetate crude extracts of the cultures Talaromyces flavus Bodhi003, NeosartoryafischeriBodhi004 and Eurotium sp. Bodhi005 isolated from riparian forest soils to inhibit the mycelial growth of ten plant pathogenic fungi in in vitro conditions at various concentrations. At the highest concentrations (10,000 ppm), all crude extracts exhibited a complete mycelial growth inhibition of some plant pathogenic fungi when compared with the water control. Interestingly, Eurotium sp. Bodhi005 crude extract was recorded as having excellent inhibitory activity against S. rolfsii at 1,000 ppm concentration. Results from this study demonstrate that ethyl acetate crude extracts from T. flavus Bodhi003,N. fischeriBodhi004, and Eurotium sp. Bodhi005 could be used to control the mycelial growth of plant pathogenic fungi and allow researcher to identify new potential sources for the development of alternative biofungicide to reduce plant pathogenic fungi.
{"title":"IN VITRO ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SOIL FUNGI CRUDE EXTRACTS ISOLATED FROM RIPARIAN FOREST AGAINST PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI","authors":"A. Jantasorn, J. Mongon, B. Moungsrimuangdee, T. Oiuphisittraiwat","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.119-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.119-124","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal diseases affecting plants are one of the most destructive diseases and cause significant losses in many economic crops in Thailand and worldwide. The most common plant pathogenic fungi which cause severe diseases to economic crops in Thailand are Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Sclerotium rolfsii, Phytophthora palmivora, Colletotrichum capsici, Pyricularia grisea, Alternaria sp., Helminthosporium maydis, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Control of these pathogens is carries out through the use of synthetic fungicides which are harmful to environment. This study aims to at investigating the efficacy of the ethyl acetate crude extracts of the cultures Talaromyces flavus Bodhi003, NeosartoryafischeriBodhi004 and Eurotium sp. Bodhi005 isolated from riparian forest soils to inhibit the mycelial growth of ten plant pathogenic fungi in in vitro conditions at various concentrations. At the highest concentrations (10,000 ppm), all crude extracts exhibited a complete mycelial growth inhibition of some plant pathogenic fungi when compared with the water control. Interestingly, Eurotium sp. Bodhi005 crude extract was recorded as having excellent inhibitory activity against S. rolfsii at 1,000 ppm concentration. Results from this study demonstrate that ethyl acetate crude extracts from T. flavus Bodhi003,N. fischeriBodhi004, and Eurotium sp. Bodhi005 could be used to control the mycelial growth of plant pathogenic fungi and allow researcher to identify new potential sources for the development of alternative biofungicide to reduce plant pathogenic fungi.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.189-195
S. Kauser, S. Tasneem, R. Yasmeen
The present study is aimed at evaluating the pathological changes in various tissues of Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to the neem based pesticide achook. The LC50 value obtained after 96 hrs was 0.105 ppm and 1/5th of LC50 value i.e., 0.021 ppm was taken as sublethal concentration. The fishes were exposed to this sublethal concentration for a period of 42-days. Fishes were dissected at the end of 7th day and 42nd day of exposure and the gill, liver and intestine were collected from exposed fishes and control group. Tissues were processed and sectioned at 4µm and stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin. The histological changes observed were mild on 7th day but became severe by 42nd day. The pathological changes in gills of exposed fishes include shrunken and fused gill lamellae, inflammatory cells in the primary and secondary gill lamellae. Exposed liver showed lesions consisting of vacuolar degeneration and disruption of hepatocytes. The changes found in intestine were vacuolar degeneration and disruption of epithelial cells of villi, ruptured and shapeless villi. The histology of tissues from control fishes were normal.
{"title":"HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SELECTED ORGANS OF OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS EXPOSED TO BIOPESTICIDE ACHOOK – SHORT TERM AND LONG TERM TOXICITY","authors":"S. Kauser, S. Tasneem, R. Yasmeen","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.189-195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.189-195","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is aimed at evaluating the pathological changes in various tissues of Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to the neem based pesticide achook. The LC50 value obtained after 96 hrs was 0.105 ppm and 1/5th of LC50 value i.e., 0.021 ppm was taken as sublethal concentration. The fishes were exposed to this sublethal concentration for a period of 42-days. Fishes were dissected at the end of 7th day and 42nd day of exposure and the gill, liver and intestine were collected from exposed fishes and control group. Tissues were processed and sectioned at 4µm and stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin. The histological changes observed were mild on 7th day but became severe by 42nd day. The pathological changes in gills of exposed fishes include shrunken and fused gill lamellae, inflammatory cells in the primary and secondary gill lamellae. Exposed liver showed lesions consisting of vacuolar degeneration and disruption of hepatocytes. The changes found in intestine were vacuolar degeneration and disruption of epithelial cells of villi, ruptured and shapeless villi. The histology of tissues from control fishes were normal.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.196-203
Nurbailis, Martinius, H. Adriansyah
Fusarium wilt desease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubence (Foc) one the important desease on banana around the world. The purpose of this research was to recognize surface and endophytic colonization capability of Trichoderma viride (T1sk) on several banana cultivar roots and its effect against Fusarium wilt disease and increasing banana seedling growth. The experiment was divided into 2 parts that were colonization effect against Fusarium wilt disease development and colonization capability of T. viride (T1sk) on roots of several banana cultivars. The parameters observed were: 1) surface and endophytic colonization capability of T. viride (T1sk) on various banana seedling roots, 2) incubation period, 3) percentage of symptomatic leaves, 4) increase of leaves amount, 5) increase of plant height, 6) Stem circle and 7)dry weight of banana seedling biomass. The result showed that highest surface colonization capability of T. viride (T1sk) found in Barangan and Kepok cultivars and endophyte colonization found in Kepok cultivar. The surface colonization capability of T viride (T1sk) on the roots of Barangan and kepok reached 93, 33% and the ability of being endophyte 43, 33% and 38, 33% could reduce Fusarium wilt disease on banana seedling and increase seedling growth.
{"title":"COLONIZATION CAPABILITY OF TRICHODERMA VIRIDE (T1SK) ON SEVERAL BANANA CULTIVAR ROOTS AND ITS EFFECT AGAINST DEVELOPMENT OF FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE AND PLANT GROWTH","authors":"Nurbailis, Martinius, H. Adriansyah","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.196-203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.2.196-203","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium wilt desease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubence (Foc) one the important desease on banana around the world. The purpose of this research was to recognize surface and endophytic colonization capability of Trichoderma viride (T1sk) on several banana cultivar roots and its effect against Fusarium wilt disease and increasing banana seedling growth. The experiment was divided into 2 parts that were colonization effect against Fusarium wilt disease development and colonization capability of T. viride (T1sk) on roots of several banana cultivars. The parameters observed were: 1) surface and endophytic colonization capability of T. viride (T1sk) on various banana seedling roots, 2) incubation period, 3) percentage of symptomatic leaves, 4) increase of leaves amount, 5) increase of plant height, 6) Stem circle and 7)dry weight of banana seedling biomass. The result showed that highest surface colonization capability of T. viride (T1sk) found in Barangan and Kepok cultivars and endophyte colonization found in Kepok cultivar. The surface colonization capability of T viride (T1sk) on the roots of Barangan and kepok reached 93, 33% and the ability of being endophyte 43, 33% and 38, 33% could reduce Fusarium wilt disease on banana seedling and increase seedling growth.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71089005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.46-51
R. Sharma, S. Sohal
The oviposition deterrent effects of four phenolic compounds (quercetin, rutin, gallic acid and tannic acid) were investigated against the melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae. All the phenolic compounds effectively reduced egg laying in choice and nochoice conditions except rutin. Also observations made for their effect on ovipunctures made by female melon fly showed a significant decrease in the mean numbers of ovipunctures made on the substrate treated with quercetin, gallic acid and tannic acid under choice and multiple-choice tests. Rutin had no effect on oviposition behaviour under no-choice condition. Under multiple choice conditions rutin significantly reduced mean number of ovipunctures. The results of our studies clearly demonstrated the oviposition deterrent activity of the phenolic compounds.
{"title":"OVIPOSITION RESPONSE OF MELON FRUIT FLY, BACTROCERA CUCURBITAE (COQUILLETT) TO DIFFERENT PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS","authors":"R. Sharma, S. Sohal","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.46-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.46-51","url":null,"abstract":"The oviposition deterrent effects of four phenolic compounds (quercetin, rutin, gallic acid and tannic acid) were investigated against the melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae. All the phenolic compounds effectively reduced egg laying in choice and nochoice conditions except rutin. Also observations made for their effect on ovipunctures made by female melon fly showed a significant decrease in the mean numbers of ovipunctures made on the substrate treated with quercetin, gallic acid and tannic acid under choice and multiple-choice tests. Rutin had no effect on oviposition behaviour under no-choice condition. Under multiple choice conditions rutin significantly reduced mean number of ovipunctures. The results of our studies clearly demonstrated the oviposition deterrent activity of the phenolic compounds.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.08-22
Madhu Gupta, Sushil Sharma, R. Bhadauria
The study is aimed at evaluating the antifungal potential of plant parts of Momordica charantia against the Fusarium oxysporum. During investigation ethanolic extracts of stem showed maximum inhibition in both, spore germination (at 50mg/mL) and mycelial growth (at 50% concentration) with 86.10±4.80 and 79.04±1.06 % inhibition respectively. This was followed by root (with 64.81±3.20 and 62.78±2.85%), leaves (64.28±0.00 and 59.55±0.99%), and fruit (50.97±3.40 and 43.99±1.85%). Aqueous extracts of all plant parts showed a comparatively less significant amount of inhibition in spore germination and mycelial growth. Aqueous extracts (at 50 mg/mL concentration) of root showed 48.88±3.85% inhibition in spore germination followed by fruit (39.39±5.24), leaves (37.03±3.20%) and stem (33.32±3.04%). Even at 50% concentration, aqueous extracts of leaves (14.86±1.00%), root (13.11±1.23%), stem (7.04±0.98%), and fruit (4.05±2.01%) was not found effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum. Ethanolic extracts of fruit showed 0.625 mg/mL MIC value against F. oxysporum while ethanolic extracts of the leaves and root exhibited 2.5 mg/mL and stems 1.25 mg/mL MIC for F. oxysporum. The plant parts of Momordica charantia were also found rich in phenolics, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. These compounds may be responsible for the antifungal activity of respective plant part.
{"title":"IN VITRO EFFICACY OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA EXTRACTS AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI, FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM","authors":"Madhu Gupta, Sushil Sharma, R. Bhadauria","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.08-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.08-22","url":null,"abstract":"The study is aimed at evaluating the antifungal potential of plant parts of Momordica charantia against the Fusarium oxysporum. During investigation ethanolic extracts of stem showed maximum inhibition in both, spore germination (at 50mg/mL) and mycelial growth (at 50% concentration) with 86.10±4.80 and 79.04±1.06 % inhibition respectively. This was followed by root (with 64.81±3.20 and 62.78±2.85%), leaves (64.28±0.00 and 59.55±0.99%), and fruit (50.97±3.40 and 43.99±1.85%). Aqueous extracts of all plant parts showed a comparatively less significant amount of inhibition in spore germination and mycelial growth. Aqueous extracts (at 50 mg/mL concentration) of root showed 48.88±3.85% inhibition in spore germination followed by fruit (39.39±5.24), leaves (37.03±3.20%) and stem (33.32±3.04%). Even at 50% concentration, aqueous extracts of leaves (14.86±1.00%), root (13.11±1.23%), stem (7.04±0.98%), and fruit (4.05±2.01%) was not found effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum. Ethanolic extracts of fruit showed 0.625 mg/mL MIC value against F. oxysporum while ethanolic extracts of the leaves and root exhibited 2.5 mg/mL and stems 1.25 mg/mL MIC for F. oxysporum. The plant parts of Momordica charantia were also found rich in phenolics, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. These compounds may be responsible for the antifungal activity of respective plant part.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.27-33
Jyothi Sara Jacob, M. P. Mathew
A laboratory study was conducted during 2011 to 2013 for evaluating the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) against Liriomyza trifolii. Seventy two soil samples were collected from three districts of Kerala, namely, Thrissur, Ernakulam and Kottayam for the isolation of EPNs. Four numbers of EPNs, viz., EPN Isolate - 1, 2, 3 and 4 were obtained from collected soil samples. All the isolated EPNs were identified as Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser. The efficacy of soil isolated EPNs was compared with Steinernema bicornutum Tallosi, Peters & Ehlers and Heterorhabditis indica Poinar, Karunakar and David by leaf disc bioassay method. The treated EPNs were effective in causing mortality to L. trifolii maggots inside the mines. But S. carpocapsae Isolate – 1 (Kannara) was found to be more effective against L. trifolii larvae with lowest LC50 (1.79/ maggot) value (24 h). The pathogenicity of EPNs against L. trifolii revealed the scope of their utilization in IPM programmes.
{"title":"LABORATORY EVALUATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES AGAINSTAMERICAN SERPENTINE LEAF MINER, LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (BURGESS)","authors":"Jyothi Sara Jacob, M. P. Mathew","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.27-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.27-33","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory study was conducted during 2011 to 2013 for evaluating the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) against Liriomyza trifolii. Seventy two soil samples were collected from three districts of Kerala, namely, Thrissur, Ernakulam and Kottayam for the isolation of EPNs. Four numbers of EPNs, viz., EPN Isolate - 1, 2, 3 and 4 were obtained from collected soil samples. All the isolated EPNs were identified as Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser. The efficacy of soil isolated EPNs was compared with Steinernema bicornutum Tallosi, Peters & Ehlers and Heterorhabditis indica Poinar, Karunakar and David by leaf disc bioassay method. The treated EPNs were effective in causing mortality to L. trifolii maggots inside the mines. But S. carpocapsae Isolate – 1 (Kannara) was found to be more effective against L. trifolii larvae with lowest LC50 (1.79/ maggot) value (24 h). The pathogenicity of EPNs against L. trifolii revealed the scope of their utilization in IPM programmes.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.41-45
N. Muthukumaran, R. Anusuya
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the important and remunerative vegetable crops grown around the world for fresh market and processing. The production and productivity of the crop is greatly hampered by the fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) which causes damage to the developing fruits and results in yield loss. The indiscriminate use of synthetic chemical pesticides to control this pest resulted in development of resistance and harmful pesticide residues in fruits. To avoid such problems caused due to indiscriminate use of insecticides, utilization of Host Plant Resistance (HPR) is an ecologically viable, alternate insect pest management strategy. The tomato accession Varushanadu Local along with a popular variety PKM1 was tested for induction of resistance by various microbial inoculants viz., Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria, Pseudomonas, K-solubilizer, Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria, Azospirillum + Pseudomonas, Azospirillum + K-solubilizer, Phosphobacteria + Pseudomonas, Phosphobacteria + K - solubilizer. and Pseudomonas. Based on the preliminary study, the promising microbial inoculants viz., Pseudomonas, K-solubilizer, Azospirillum, + k-solubilizer, pseudomonas + k-solubilizer, and phosphobacteria + Ksolubilizer were selected. Feeding preference of H. armigera to the leaves and fruits was the minimum towards the accessions Varushanadu Local treated with Pseudomonas + Ksolubilizer. Plants of the accessions Varushanadu Local supplied with Pseudomonas + Ksolubilizer exerted profound antibiosis effects against the life stages of H. armigera as evidenced by higher larval mortality, reduced pupation, reduced larval, pupal and adult duration.
{"title":"INDUCTION OF PLANT IMMUNE BY MICROBIAL INOCULANTS AGAINST TOMATO FRUIT WORM","authors":"N. Muthukumaran, R. Anusuya","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.41-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.41-45","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the important and remunerative vegetable crops grown around the world for fresh market and processing. The production and productivity of the crop is greatly hampered by the fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) which causes damage to the developing fruits and results in yield loss. The indiscriminate use of synthetic chemical pesticides to control this pest resulted in development of resistance and harmful pesticide residues in fruits. To avoid such problems caused due to indiscriminate use of insecticides, utilization of Host Plant Resistance (HPR) is an ecologically viable, alternate insect pest management strategy. The tomato accession Varushanadu Local along with a popular variety PKM1 was tested for induction of resistance by various microbial inoculants viz., Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria, Pseudomonas, K-solubilizer, Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria, Azospirillum + Pseudomonas, Azospirillum + K-solubilizer, Phosphobacteria + Pseudomonas, Phosphobacteria + K - solubilizer. and Pseudomonas. Based on the preliminary study, the promising microbial inoculants viz., Pseudomonas, K-solubilizer, Azospirillum, + k-solubilizer, pseudomonas + k-solubilizer, and phosphobacteria + Ksolubilizer were selected. Feeding preference of H. armigera to the leaves and fruits was the minimum towards the accessions Varushanadu Local treated with Pseudomonas + Ksolubilizer. Plants of the accessions Varushanadu Local supplied with Pseudomonas + Ksolubilizer exerted profound antibiosis effects against the life stages of H. armigera as evidenced by higher larval mortality, reduced pupation, reduced larval, pupal and adult duration.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.63-72
K. Sahayaraj, M. Madasamy, S. Anbu Radhika
A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of silver aqueous solution, gold aqueous solution, pungamoil, pungamoil-based silver nanoparticles (PO-AgNPs) and pungamoil-based gold nanoparticles (PO-AuNPs), vijayneem against Pericallia ricini larval mortality, development and fecundity and gravimetric analyses. The results showed that Ag+ aqueous solution as well as pungamoil-based gold nanoparticles caused more mortality than commercial neem insecticide (vijayneem). Aqueous solutions of Ag+ and Au+ drastically reduced the body weight of P. ricini larvae. PO-AgNPs and POAuNPs treatment drastically enhanced the food consumption, assimilation but reduced the conversion, subsequently affecting growth. Distinct difference was noticed between PO-AgNPs and PO-AuNPs treatments in larval, pupal and adult developmental periods, fecundity and hatchability. It is recommended to integrate PO-AgNPs and PO-AuNPs in pest management; however, field evaluations and bio-safety assessments were imperative before the utilization of these bio-nanoparticles were recommended.
{"title":"INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF BIO-SILVER AND GOLD NANOPARTICLES AGAINST PERICALLIA RICINI FAB.(LEPIDAPTERA: ARCHIDAE)","authors":"K. Sahayaraj, M. Madasamy, S. Anbu Radhika","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.63-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.63-72","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of silver aqueous solution, gold aqueous solution, pungamoil, pungamoil-based silver nanoparticles (PO-AgNPs) and pungamoil-based gold nanoparticles (PO-AuNPs), vijayneem against Pericallia ricini larval mortality, development and fecundity and gravimetric analyses. The results showed that Ag+ aqueous solution as well as pungamoil-based gold nanoparticles caused more mortality than commercial neem insecticide (vijayneem). Aqueous solutions of Ag+ and Au+ drastically reduced the body weight of P. ricini larvae. PO-AgNPs and POAuNPs treatment drastically enhanced the food consumption, assimilation but reduced the conversion, subsequently affecting growth. Distinct difference was noticed between PO-AgNPs and PO-AuNPs treatments in larval, pupal and adult developmental periods, fecundity and hatchability. It is recommended to integrate PO-AgNPs and PO-AuNPs in pest management; however, field evaluations and bio-safety assessments were imperative before the utilization of these bio-nanoparticles were recommended.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.23-26
S. Joshi, T. Hussain, V. Kirar, R. Nagar
Efficacy of botanicals against shoot fly showed that three sprays (7th, 14th and 21st day after germination) of neem oil (2%) depicted oviposition of 50.79, 41.61 and 38.22 percent and in karanj oil (2%) of 54.83, 44.01 and 41.15, respectively found significantly superior to all other treatments. Nirgundi oil (2%) was found as the next effective. With respect to dead heart, neem oil (2%) showed 22.66 and 23.94 per cent while in karanj oil (2%) 23.29 and 25.13 per cent at 21st and 28th day after germination, respectively. The maximum grain yield of 32.22 q/ha and the highest Cost Benefit Ratio of 1: 1.61 was recorded from neem oil (2%) treated plots.
{"title":"MANAGEMENT OF SORGHUM SHOOT FLY, ATHERIGONA SOCCATA RONDANI (DIPTERA:MUSCIDAE) THROUGH BOTANICALS","authors":"S. Joshi, T. Hussain, V. Kirar, R. Nagar","doi":"10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.23-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.9.1.23-26","url":null,"abstract":"Efficacy of botanicals against shoot fly showed that three sprays (7th, 14th and 21st day after germination) of neem oil (2%) depicted oviposition of 50.79, 41.61 and 38.22 percent and in karanj oil (2%) of 54.83, 44.01 and 41.15, respectively found significantly superior to all other treatments. Nirgundi oil (2%) was found as the next effective. With respect to dead heart, neem oil (2%) showed 22.66 and 23.94 per cent while in karanj oil (2%) 23.29 and 25.13 per cent at 21st and 28th day after germination, respectively. The maximum grain yield of 32.22 q/ha and the highest Cost Benefit Ratio of 1: 1.61 was recorded from neem oil (2%) treated plots.","PeriodicalId":15069,"journal":{"name":"journal of biopesticides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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