Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.1097/JBR.0000000000000096
Liangjie Liu, Decheng Ren, Fan Yuan, Yan Bi, Zhenming Guo, Gaini Ma, Fei Xu, Binyin Hou, Lei Ji, Zhixuan Chen, Lin An, Naixin Zhang, Tao Yu, Xing-wang Li, Feng-ping Yang, Xueli Sun, Zaiquan Dong, Shun-ying Yu, Zhenghui Yi, Yifeng Xu, Lin He, Shaochang Wu, Longyou Zhao, C. Cai, G. He, Yi Shi
Abstract Objective: Venlafaxine is a common antidepressant and its therapeutic effect varies among people with different genetic backgrounds. The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SLC17A7 gene are associated with the treatment outcome of venlafaxine in a Chinese Han population with major depressive disorder. Methods: This prospective pharmacogenetic case-control study that involved genotyping of four SNPs of SLC17A7 was conducted on 175 major depressive disorder patients of Chinese Han origin, aged 18 to 65 years, participated in the study from April 2005 to September 2006. Comparisons of allele and genotype frequencies of all SNPs were performed between the responder/remission group and the nonresponder/nonremission group. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Sichuan University (approval No. 20151112-265). Results: The allele and genotype frequencies of the four candidate SNPs in SCL17A7 showed no significant difference between responders and nonresponders. Meanwhile, no significant difference was detected in the four investigated SLC17A7 SNPs between patients who did and did not exhibit remission. Although one of the investigated SLC17A7 variants (rs1578944) demonstrated a significant association (P = 0.022) with a response to venlafaxine after 6 weeks of treatment in the survival analysis, the association was unclear after a Bonferroni multiple comparisons test was conducted. Conclusion: No significant association exists between the four candidate SNPs (rs1043558, rs1320301, rs1578944, and rs74174284) in SLC17A7 and venlafaxine treatment in the Chinese Han population.
{"title":"Association between SLC17A7 gene polymorphisms and venlafaxine for major depressive disorder in a Chinese Han population: a prospective pharmacogenetic case-control study","authors":"Liangjie Liu, Decheng Ren, Fan Yuan, Yan Bi, Zhenming Guo, Gaini Ma, Fei Xu, Binyin Hou, Lei Ji, Zhixuan Chen, Lin An, Naixin Zhang, Tao Yu, Xing-wang Li, Feng-ping Yang, Xueli Sun, Zaiquan Dong, Shun-ying Yu, Zhenghui Yi, Yifeng Xu, Lin He, Shaochang Wu, Longyou Zhao, C. Cai, G. He, Yi Shi","doi":"10.1097/JBR.0000000000000096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JBR.0000000000000096","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Venlafaxine is a common antidepressant and its therapeutic effect varies among people with different genetic backgrounds. The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SLC17A7 gene are associated with the treatment outcome of venlafaxine in a Chinese Han population with major depressive disorder. Methods: This prospective pharmacogenetic case-control study that involved genotyping of four SNPs of SLC17A7 was conducted on 175 major depressive disorder patients of Chinese Han origin, aged 18 to 65 years, participated in the study from April 2005 to September 2006. Comparisons of allele and genotype frequencies of all SNPs were performed between the responder/remission group and the nonresponder/nonremission group. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Sichuan University (approval No. 20151112-265). Results: The allele and genotype frequencies of the four candidate SNPs in SCL17A7 showed no significant difference between responders and nonresponders. Meanwhile, no significant difference was detected in the four investigated SLC17A7 SNPs between patients who did and did not exhibit remission. Although one of the investigated SLC17A7 variants (rs1578944) demonstrated a significant association (P = 0.022) with a response to venlafaxine after 6 weeks of treatment in the survival analysis, the association was unclear after a Bonferroni multiple comparisons test was conducted. Conclusion: No significant association exists between the four candidate SNPs (rs1043558, rs1320301, rs1578944, and rs74174284) in SLC17A7 and venlafaxine treatment in the Chinese Han population.","PeriodicalId":150904,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bio-X Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116199718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Objective: The impact of dairy fat on inflammatory bowel disease remained inconclusive. We aimed to compare the effects of whole-milk and skimmed-milk consumption on the risk of inflammatory bowel disease using a Mendelian randomization analysis. Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study of the preference for whole versus skimmed milk using data for 20,200 whole-milk consumers and 67,847 skimmed-milk consumers from the UK Biobank. The lead single nucleotide polymorphisms in the associated loci were identified at the genome-wide significance level, and were further employed as instrumental variables for whole-milk preference. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis with whole-milk preference as the exposure and inflammatory bowel disease as the outcome. The pleiotropic effects and heterogeneity of the instrumental variables were estimated using Mendelian randomization-Egger regression and Cochran Q test, respectively. This study was conducted using the UKB resources under the application “53536”. The UK Biobank was approved by the North West Multi-center Research Ethics Committee, the National Information Governance Board for Health and Social Care in England and Wales, and the Community Health Index Advisory Group in Scotland. Results: The genome-wide association study identified five lead nucleotide polymorphisms associated with whole-milk preference. Mendelian randomization indicated that whole-milk preference significantly decreased the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (β=−1.735, P = 0.048). Of the two subtypes, whole-milk preference was associated with a lower risk of Crohn disease (β=−2.549, P = 0.032), but had no significant effect on the risk of ulcerative colitis (β=−1.002, P = 0.44). Conclusion: Consumption of whole-milk fat may protect against Crohn disease, compared with skimmed milk. This conclusion was based on causal inference in a cohort study, and further validation in randomized controlled trials is warranted.
摘要目的:乳脂肪对炎症性肠病的影响尚无定论。我们的目的是通过孟德尔随机分析比较全脂牛奶和脱脂牛奶对炎症性肠病风险的影响。方法:我们使用来自英国生物银行的20,200名全脂牛奶消费者和67,847名脱脂牛奶消费者的数据，对全脂牛奶和脱脂牛奶的偏好进行了全基因组关联研究。相关位点的先导单核苷酸多态性在全基因组显著水平上被鉴定，并进一步被用作全脂牛奶偏好的工具变量。我们进行了一项双样本孟德尔随机分析，以全脂牛奶偏好为暴露，炎症性肠病为结果。分别采用孟德尔随机化- egger回归和Cochran Q检验估计工具变量的多效性和异质性。本研究是在应用程序“53536”下使用UKB资源进行的。英国生物银行得到了西北多中心研究伦理委员会、英格兰和威尔士国家健康和社会保健信息治理委员会以及苏格兰社区健康指数咨询小组的批准。结果:全基因组关联研究确定了与全脂牛奶偏好相关的五个先导核苷酸多态性。孟德尔随机化显示，偏好全脂牛奶显著降低炎症性肠病的风险(β= - 1.735, P = 0.048)。在这两种亚型中，偏爱全脂牛奶与克罗恩病的风险较低相关(β= - 2.549, P = 0.032)，但对溃疡性结肠炎的风险无显著影响(β= - 1.002, P = 0.44)。结论:与脱脂牛奶相比，食用全脂牛奶可以预防克罗恩病。这一结论是基于一项队列研究的因果推理，需要在随机对照试验中进一步验证。
{"title":"Whole-milk consumption decreases the risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis","authors":"Jiuling Li, Hao-Ping Zhu, Aowen Tian, Ying Guo, Xiaoxuan Zhao, Miaoran Zhang, Lanlan Chen, J. Wen, Jianli Yang, B. Qi, Peng Chen","doi":"10.1097/JBR.0000000000000094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JBR.0000000000000094","url":null,"abstract":"Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Objective: The impact of dairy fat on inflammatory bowel disease remained inconclusive. We aimed to compare the effects of whole-milk and skimmed-milk consumption on the risk of inflammatory bowel disease using a Mendelian randomization analysis. Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study of the preference for whole versus skimmed milk using data for 20,200 whole-milk consumers and 67,847 skimmed-milk consumers from the UK Biobank. The lead single nucleotide polymorphisms in the associated loci were identified at the genome-wide significance level, and were further employed as instrumental variables for whole-milk preference. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis with whole-milk preference as the exposure and inflammatory bowel disease as the outcome. The pleiotropic effects and heterogeneity of the instrumental variables were estimated using Mendelian randomization-Egger regression and Cochran Q test, respectively. This study was conducted using the UKB resources under the application “53536”. The UK Biobank was approved by the North West Multi-center Research Ethics Committee, the National Information Governance Board for Health and Social Care in England and Wales, and the Community Health Index Advisory Group in Scotland. Results: The genome-wide association study identified five lead nucleotide polymorphisms associated with whole-milk preference. Mendelian randomization indicated that whole-milk preference significantly decreased the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (β=−1.735, P = 0.048). Of the two subtypes, whole-milk preference was associated with a lower risk of Crohn disease (β=−2.549, P = 0.032), but had no significant effect on the risk of ulcerative colitis (β=−1.002, P = 0.44). Conclusion: Consumption of whole-milk fat may protect against Crohn disease, compared with skimmed milk. This conclusion was based on causal inference in a cohort study, and further validation in randomized controlled trials is warranted.","PeriodicalId":150904,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bio-X Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126160576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.1097/JBR.0000000000000091
R. Verma, A. Kandwal, G. Negi, H. Chandra
Abstract Objective: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) releases growth factors upon activation, which in turn accelerates healing and regeneration of the target tissue. However, PRP composition may vary according to the patient's demographics, and wider applications of PRP warrant product standardization. The current study aimed to examine variables influencing the platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) concentration in PRP. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology and Dentistry at Swami Rama Himalayan University, a tertiary care hospital in northern India from December 2016 to November 2017. PRP was prepared from 40 mL of whole blood from 35 individuals (22 women, 13 men). Platelet counts, platelet indices (platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume) and PDGF-BB levels were measured, and platelet yield, platelet dose, and growth factor dose in PRP were also calculated. All parameters were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The association between PDGF-BB and PRP platelet count was evaluated using logistic regression. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Swami Rama Himalayan University (SRHU/HIMS/ETHICS/2016/103) on September 7, 2016. Results: The mean platelet count, PDGF-BB concentration, platelet yield, platelet dose, and growth factor dose in PRP were 1317 × 109/L, 30 ± 9.89ng/mL, 71.62 ± 28.34%, 6.5 ± 3.5 × 109, and 159.62 ± 52.39ng/mL, respectively. Linear regression analysis indicated that PRP platelet counts were a good predictor for PGDF-BB (P < 0.05; adjusted R2 = 0.96. PRP platelet count was significantly positively correlated with PDGF-BB concentration (r = 0.74, P < 0.001), platelet yield (r = 0.80, P < 0.001), platelet dose (r = 1, P < 0.001), and growth factor dose (r = 0.74, P < 0.001). Conclusions: PRP has wide clinical applications associated with its healing and regenerative properties, and both the quality and quantity of PRP thus need to be standardized as per the requirements. Evaluating variables affecting PRP will thus aid pathologists and clinical practitioners.
目的:富血小板血浆(PRP)在激活后释放生长因子，从而加速靶组织的愈合和再生。然而，PRP的组成可能会根据患者的人口统计数据而变化，PRP的广泛应用保证了产品标准化。本研究旨在研究影响PRP中血小板衍生生长因子BB (PDGF-BB)浓度的变量。方法:本观察性研究于2016年12月至2017年11月在印度北部三级保健医院斯瓦米拉玛喜马拉雅大学病理和牙科学系进行。从35个人(22名女性，13名男性)的40 mL全血中制备PRP。测定血小板计数、血小板指数(血小板分布宽度、平均血小板体积)、PDGF-BB水平，计算血小板产率、血小板剂量、PRP中生长因子剂量。所有参数采用Pearson相关系数进行分析。PDGF-BB和PRP血小板计数之间的关系采用logistic回归评估。本研究于2016年9月7日获得斯瓦米·拉玛喜马拉雅大学伦理委员会(SRHU/HIMS/ Ethics /2016/103)批准。结果:PRP组平均血小板计数1317 × 109/L, PDGF-BB浓度30±9.89ng/mL，血小板产率71.62±28.34%，血小板剂量6.5±3.5 × 109，生长因子剂量159.62±52.39ng/mL。线性回归分析显示PRP血小板计数是PGDF-BB的良好预测因子(P < 0.05;调整后R2 = 0.96。PRP血小板计数与PDGF-BB浓度(r = 0.74, P < 0.001)、血小板产率(r = 0.80, P < 0.001)、血小板剂量(r = 1, P < 0.001)、生长因子剂量(r = 0.74, P < 0.001)呈正相关。结论:PRP具有良好的愈合和再生功能，具有广泛的临床应用价值，PRP的质量和数量需要按照要求进行规范。因此，评估影响PRP的变量将有助于病理学家和临床医生。
{"title":"Factors affecting the quantity and quality of platelet-rich plasma and platelet-derived growth factor-BB: an observational study","authors":"R. Verma, A. Kandwal, G. Negi, H. Chandra","doi":"10.1097/JBR.0000000000000091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JBR.0000000000000091","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) releases growth factors upon activation, which in turn accelerates healing and regeneration of the target tissue. However, PRP composition may vary according to the patient's demographics, and wider applications of PRP warrant product standardization. The current study aimed to examine variables influencing the platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) concentration in PRP. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology and Dentistry at Swami Rama Himalayan University, a tertiary care hospital in northern India from December 2016 to November 2017. PRP was prepared from 40 mL of whole blood from 35 individuals (22 women, 13 men). Platelet counts, platelet indices (platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume) and PDGF-BB levels were measured, and platelet yield, platelet dose, and growth factor dose in PRP were also calculated. All parameters were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The association between PDGF-BB and PRP platelet count was evaluated using logistic regression. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Swami Rama Himalayan University (SRHU/HIMS/ETHICS/2016/103) on September 7, 2016. Results: The mean platelet count, PDGF-BB concentration, platelet yield, platelet dose, and growth factor dose in PRP were 1317 × 109/L, 30 ± 9.89ng/mL, 71.62 ± 28.34%, 6.5 ± 3.5 × 109, and 159.62 ± 52.39ng/mL, respectively. Linear regression analysis indicated that PRP platelet counts were a good predictor for PGDF-BB (P < 0.05; adjusted R2 = 0.96. PRP platelet count was significantly positively correlated with PDGF-BB concentration (r = 0.74, P < 0.001), platelet yield (r = 0.80, P < 0.001), platelet dose (r = 1, P < 0.001), and growth factor dose (r = 0.74, P < 0.001). Conclusions: PRP has wide clinical applications associated with its healing and regenerative properties, and both the quality and quantity of PRP thus need to be standardized as per the requirements. Evaluating variables affecting PRP will thus aid pathologists and clinical practitioners.","PeriodicalId":150904,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bio-X Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123745218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-05DOI: 10.1097/JBR.0000000000000092
Yibo Li, Yinan Shi, J. You, Wenqing Hu, Yingying Xu, Hao-tang Wei, Masanobu Abe, Jiajia Cheng, L. Zong, Jianhong Dong
Abstract Objective: To identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage after gastrectomy in patients with Siewert type II/III adenocarcinoma (AEG) of the esophagogastric junction. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study of 903 patients with Siewert type II/III AEG treated from January 2012 to January 2015 at the Shanxi Cancer Hospital in China. All patients underwent gastrectomy, and their clinical characteristics were analyzed to identify associations with anastomotic leakage. Independent risk factors were identified by binary logistic regression. The 2-year disease-free survival was calculated and compared between patients with anastomotic leakage and control patients. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shanxi Medical University (approval No. 2014-09-39) on September 19, 2014. Results: Out of the 903 patients were included in the study, 80 (8.86%, 80/903) experienced anastomotic leakage. The mortality rate attributed to anastomotic leakage was 8.75% (7/80). Logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative hypoalbuminemia (odds ratio (OR) = 3.249, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.569–6.725, P = 0.002), type of reconstruction (OR = 1.795, 95% CI: 1.026–3.142, P = 0.040), and combined organ resection (OR = 1.807, 95% CI: 1.069–3.055, P = 0.027) were independent risk factors for anastomotic leakage. Conclusion: Preoperative hypoalbuminemia, type of reconstruction, and combined organ resection were identified as risk factors for anastomotic leakage in patients undergoing gastrectomy for Siewert type II/III AEG.
{"title":"Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after gastrectomy for Siewert type II/III adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: a retrospective case-control study","authors":"Yibo Li, Yinan Shi, J. You, Wenqing Hu, Yingying Xu, Hao-tang Wei, Masanobu Abe, Jiajia Cheng, L. Zong, Jianhong Dong","doi":"10.1097/JBR.0000000000000092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JBR.0000000000000092","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: To identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage after gastrectomy in patients with Siewert type II/III adenocarcinoma (AEG) of the esophagogastric junction. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study of 903 patients with Siewert type II/III AEG treated from January 2012 to January 2015 at the Shanxi Cancer Hospital in China. All patients underwent gastrectomy, and their clinical characteristics were analyzed to identify associations with anastomotic leakage. Independent risk factors were identified by binary logistic regression. The 2-year disease-free survival was calculated and compared between patients with anastomotic leakage and control patients. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shanxi Medical University (approval No. 2014-09-39) on September 19, 2014. Results: Out of the 903 patients were included in the study, 80 (8.86%, 80/903) experienced anastomotic leakage. The mortality rate attributed to anastomotic leakage was 8.75% (7/80). Logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative hypoalbuminemia (odds ratio (OR) = 3.249, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.569–6.725, P = 0.002), type of reconstruction (OR = 1.795, 95% CI: 1.026–3.142, P = 0.040), and combined organ resection (OR = 1.807, 95% CI: 1.069–3.055, P = 0.027) were independent risk factors for anastomotic leakage. Conclusion: Preoperative hypoalbuminemia, type of reconstruction, and combined organ resection were identified as risk factors for anastomotic leakage in patients undergoing gastrectomy for Siewert type II/III AEG.","PeriodicalId":150904,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bio-X Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129333275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-20DOI: 10.1097/JBR.0000000000000085
M. Olaniyan, T. Ojediran, Sunday Mutiu Monsuru
Abstract Objective: Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection can trigger cellular and humoral innate immune responses, which may cause death of the pathogen and or host cells/tissue. We aimed to determine the cytotoxic response of phagocytes in patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection based on plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Methods: In this observational study, patients newly infected with pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n = 31; age 37–62 years) and age-matched uninfected volunteers (n = 50) were recruited as test and control volunteers, respectively in Owo, Nigeria. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria (AUO/MLS/VII/2009/212). Anti-hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus antigen/antibody, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, and plasma TNF-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, SOD, and MDA were determined by colorimetry, Plasmodium by Giemsa thick blood film staining, and acid-fast bacilli in sputum were detected by Ziehl–Neelsen staining. Results: All participants had normal blood glucose levels and tested negative for human immunodeficiency virus antigen/antibody, anti-hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, and Plasmodium spp., and had no medical history of cancer. Infected patients had significantly higher plasma MDA and TNF-α levels and significantly lower SOD levels compared with control subjects (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection elicited a cytotoxic response by phagocytes, evidenced by significant increases in MDA and TNF-α and a significant decrease in SOD levels.
{"title":"Cytotoxic response of phagocytes in patients newly infected with pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis determined using plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase: an observational study","authors":"M. Olaniyan, T. Ojediran, Sunday Mutiu Monsuru","doi":"10.1097/JBR.0000000000000085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JBR.0000000000000085","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection can trigger cellular and humoral innate immune responses, which may cause death of the pathogen and or host cells/tissue. We aimed to determine the cytotoxic response of phagocytes in patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection based on plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Methods: In this observational study, patients newly infected with pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n = 31; age 37–62 years) and age-matched uninfected volunteers (n = 50) were recruited as test and control volunteers, respectively in Owo, Nigeria. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria (AUO/MLS/VII/2009/212). Anti-hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus antigen/antibody, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, and plasma TNF-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, SOD, and MDA were determined by colorimetry, Plasmodium by Giemsa thick blood film staining, and acid-fast bacilli in sputum were detected by Ziehl–Neelsen staining. Results: All participants had normal blood glucose levels and tested negative for human immunodeficiency virus antigen/antibody, anti-hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, and Plasmodium spp., and had no medical history of cancer. Infected patients had significantly higher plasma MDA and TNF-α levels and significantly lower SOD levels compared with control subjects (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection elicited a cytotoxic response by phagocytes, evidenced by significant increases in MDA and TNF-α and a significant decrease in SOD levels.","PeriodicalId":150904,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bio-X Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126801517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-20DOI: 10.1097/JBR.0000000000000086
X. Nie, Huifang Liu, Xinyi Xu, Y. Zhan, Hui Xie, Qi Zeng
Abstract Objective: The aim of this work was to measure the antibacterial activity (against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus [S. aureus]) of the ethyl acetate part of Abrus cantoniensis and assess their potential as medicines. Methods: The experiment was divided into four groups: negative control group [with Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB)], positive control group (with 75% ethanol), blank group (with MHB) and test group (with the ethyl acetate part of Abrus cantoniensis). The antibacterial activities of the extracts were evaluated by the Oxford cup assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Time-kill curve experiments, scanning electron microscopy, the content of DNA, RNA and protein were used to study the antibacterial mechanism of the ethyl acetate extract part on the growth and viability of S. aureus. The study procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Xi’an Jiaotong University (approval No. XJTULAC2016-412) on January 22, 2016. Results: The ethyl acetate part of Abrus cantoniensis extract exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against the growth of S. aureus with an inhibition zone diameter of 16.4 mm and MIC value of 0.5 μg/mL. The general activity range of the ethyl acetate part, determined using a time-killing curve, was found to be 0.5 μg/mL to 40 μg/mL (MIC to 80 × MIC). Changes in the scanning electron microscopy images and of DNA, RNA and proteins of S. aureus indicated possible mechanisms of the inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate part. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate part of Abrus cantoniensis damaged bacterial cell structures, which results in protoplasm leakage, and eventually bacterial cell death.
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate part of Abrus cantoniensis against Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"X. Nie, Huifang Liu, Xinyi Xu, Y. Zhan, Hui Xie, Qi Zeng","doi":"10.1097/JBR.0000000000000086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JBR.0000000000000086","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: The aim of this work was to measure the antibacterial activity (against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus [S. aureus]) of the ethyl acetate part of Abrus cantoniensis and assess their potential as medicines. Methods: The experiment was divided into four groups: negative control group [with Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB)], positive control group (with 75% ethanol), blank group (with MHB) and test group (with the ethyl acetate part of Abrus cantoniensis). The antibacterial activities of the extracts were evaluated by the Oxford cup assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Time-kill curve experiments, scanning electron microscopy, the content of DNA, RNA and protein were used to study the antibacterial mechanism of the ethyl acetate extract part on the growth and viability of S. aureus. The study procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Xi’an Jiaotong University (approval No. XJTULAC2016-412) on January 22, 2016. Results: The ethyl acetate part of Abrus cantoniensis extract exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against the growth of S. aureus with an inhibition zone diameter of 16.4 mm and MIC value of 0.5 μg/mL. The general activity range of the ethyl acetate part, determined using a time-killing curve, was found to be 0.5 μg/mL to 40 μg/mL (MIC to 80 × MIC). Changes in the scanning electron microscopy images and of DNA, RNA and proteins of S. aureus indicated possible mechanisms of the inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate part. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate part of Abrus cantoniensis damaged bacterial cell structures, which results in protoplasm leakage, and eventually bacterial cell death.","PeriodicalId":150904,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bio-X Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131655781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of application of base editing for the treatment of inner ear disorders","authors":"Xingle Zhao, Zhuoer Sun, Wen Kang, Yong Tao, Wu Hao","doi":"10.1097/JBR.0000000000000040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JBR.0000000000000040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":150904,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bio-X Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133986429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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