Disease-causing microorganisms pose significant health challenges, and the search for alternative therapeutics remains a present quest. Sida acuta Burm. f. is a common weed plant with reported pharmacological activities. The present study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of chloroform extract of whole plant of S. acuta against selected clinical isolates from laboratory samples of a private hospital in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria using agar well diffusion and broth dilution techniques. The bacterial isolates were properly identified, using standard morphological and biochemical techniques. Extract of whole plant of S. acuta was prepared by cold maceration in chloroform. The zone of inhibition diameter, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined to ascertain the antimicrobial activities of the plant extract. Morphological and biochemical observations were confirmatory for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp. and Proteus vulgaris. The highest (15.00 ± 0.29 mm) and lowest (5.50 ± 0.29 mm) zones of inhibition were recorded against P. aeruginosa and E. coli at 20 and 80 mg/mL respectively. However, no activity was recorded against C. albicans and A. niger. The extract had MIC of 62.5 mg/mL against S. aureus, Streptococcus sp. and Klebsiella sp. and MBC of 62.5 mg/mL against E. coli and P. vulgaris. The extract demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates.
致病微生物对健康构成重大挑战，寻找替代疗法仍是当前的一项任务。 Sida acuta Burm. f. 是一种常见的杂草植物，据报道具有药理活性。本研究采用琼脂井扩散和肉汤稀释技术，研究了 S. acuta 全株氯仿提取物对尼日利亚埃多州贝宁市一家私立医院实验室样本中部分临床分离菌的抗菌活性。采用标准的形态学和生化技术对细菌分离物进行了适当鉴定。用氯仿冷浸法制备了 S. acuta 的全草提取物。测定抑菌区直径、最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC），以确定植物提取物的抗菌活性。对金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、克雷伯氏菌和普通变形杆菌的形态学和生化观察结果得到了证实。在 20 毫克/毫升和 80 毫克/毫升浓度下，铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌区分别为最高（15.00 ± 0.29 毫米）和最低（5.50 ± 0.29 毫米）。然而，对白僵菌和黑僵菌没有活性。该提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌和克雷伯氏菌的 MIC 为 62.5 mg/mL，对大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌的 MBC 为 62.5 mg/mL。该提取物对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性分离菌具有广谱抗菌活性。
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activities of Chloroform Extract of Whole Plant of Sida acuta Burm. f against Selected Clinical Isolates from Laboratory Samples of a Private Hospital in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Timothy, O. Obazee, O. Oghama, J. Odaro","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.8","url":null,"abstract":"Disease-causing microorganisms pose significant health challenges, and the search for alternative therapeutics remains a present quest. Sida acuta Burm. f. is a common weed plant with reported pharmacological activities. The present study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of chloroform extract of whole plant of S. acuta against selected clinical isolates from laboratory samples of a private hospital in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria using agar well diffusion and broth dilution techniques. The bacterial isolates were properly identified, using standard morphological and biochemical techniques. Extract of whole plant of S. acuta was prepared by cold maceration in chloroform. The zone of inhibition diameter, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined to ascertain the antimicrobial activities of the plant extract. Morphological and biochemical observations were confirmatory for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp. and Proteus vulgaris. The highest (15.00 ± 0.29 mm) and lowest (5.50 ± 0.29 mm) zones of inhibition were recorded against P. aeruginosa and E. coli at 20 and 80 mg/mL respectively. However, no activity was recorded against C. albicans and A. niger. The extract had MIC of 62.5 mg/mL against S. aureus, Streptococcus sp. and Klebsiella sp. and MBC of 62.5 mg/mL against E. coli and P. vulgaris. The extract demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alkaloids occur naturally in plants but are not established nutrients and are responsible for bioactive functions in the plants. This study evaluated the acute toxicity of alkaloid extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (AMOL) and its effect on reproductive hormones of pregnant wistar rats using standard techniques. Results showed that in both phases of the oral acute toxicity test, no death occurred within 24 h of post-treatment and 14 days after AMOL administration. Rejection of food, increased salivation and decreased mobility were only observed immediately after treatment. Pregnancy was maintained in all groups, with significant (P<0.05) increase in progesterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in animals in Group 3. AMOL had no effect on estrogen and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. In conclusion, AMOL may be relatively safe as pregnancy was maintained in AMOL treated groups and had significant effect on some of the reproductive hormones.
{"title":"Acute Toxicity Test of Alkaloid Fraction of Moringa oleifera Leaf and its Effect on Reproductive Hormones of Pregnant Wistar Rats","authors":"O. O. Ofulue, M. I. Ebomoyi","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.14","url":null,"abstract":"Alkaloids occur naturally in plants but are not established nutrients and are responsible for bioactive functions in the plants. This study evaluated the acute toxicity of alkaloid extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (AMOL) and its effect on reproductive hormones of pregnant wistar rats using standard techniques. Results showed that in both phases of the oral acute toxicity test, no death occurred within 24 h of post-treatment and 14 days after AMOL administration. Rejection of food, increased salivation and decreased mobility were only observed immediately after treatment. Pregnancy was maintained in all groups, with significant (P<0.05) increase in progesterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in animals in Group 3. AMOL had no effect on estrogen and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. In conclusion, AMOL may be relatively safe as pregnancy was maintained in AMOL treated groups and had significant effect on some of the reproductive hormones.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. L. Oyewole, F. A. Ayanrinde, S. Oyewole, A. O. Ayanrinde
Agricultural technology development is an essential strategy for increasing productivity among farmers. This study evaluates the effect of adoption of improved farm technologies on output among staple crop farmers of Nigeria agricultural transformation agenda. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 220 farmers each of Staple Crop Producing Zone (SCPZ). Primary data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, likert scale rating and z-statistic. The results showed an average age of 47 years for cassava, 44 years for sorghum and 44 years for rice farmers. The is higher adoption rate observed among the farmers with weighted mean score greater than 3.00 cut off.. The average farm size put into cassava, sorghum and rice production were 1.91, 1.66 and 2.1 respectively. The average yield of cassava before ATASP-1 project was12, 096.11Kg/ha while the average yield after the project was double at 24, 292.23Kg/ha. Subjecting these yields to z-statistic test revealed that there was statistical significant difference between the yield before and after the project has taken off at 1% level of significance. Since there is positive impact of technology adoption impact on crop output of farmers who participated in ATASP-1 project it is therefore recommends that the volume of beneficiaries should be expanded so as to allow more people to benefit from the programme.
{"title":"Effect of Improved Farm Technologies Adoption on Productivity among Staple Crop Farmers of Nigeria Agricultural Transformation Agenda","authors":"A. L. Oyewole, F. A. Ayanrinde, S. Oyewole, A. O. Ayanrinde","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.16","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural technology development is an essential strategy for increasing productivity among farmers. This study evaluates the effect of adoption of improved farm technologies on output among staple crop farmers of Nigeria agricultural transformation agenda. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 220 farmers each of Staple Crop Producing Zone (SCPZ). Primary data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, likert scale rating and z-statistic. The results showed an average age of 47 years for cassava, 44 years for sorghum and 44 years for rice farmers. The is higher adoption rate observed among the farmers with weighted mean score greater than 3.00 cut off.. The average farm size put into cassava, sorghum and rice production were 1.91, 1.66 and 2.1 respectively. The average yield of cassava before ATASP-1 project was12, 096.11Kg/ha while the average yield after the project was double at 24, 292.23Kg/ha. Subjecting these yields to z-statistic test revealed that there was statistical significant difference between the yield before and after the project has taken off at 1% level of significance. Since there is positive impact of technology adoption impact on crop output of farmers who participated in ATASP-1 project it is therefore recommends that the volume of beneficiaries should be expanded so as to allow more people to benefit from the programme.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. I. Aguh, Z. R. Sani, A. A. Agba, A. Mohammed, S. B. Ayodele
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one that attacks the liver and could results in both acute and chronic diseases. Hepatitis B serologic testing amongst the truckers will help identify asymptomatic HBV carriers towards assisting WHO global hepatitis strategy aimed at reducing new infections. The truckers as a result of long delivery routes often sleep away from home making them more prone to unhealthy reckless living. The objective of this work therefore was to evaluate serological markers of HBV infection among truckers transiting Gusau town, northwestern Nigeria using standard methods. Of the 264 truckers screened for different serologic markers of HBV infection, 55 (20.8%) of them were positive for HBsAg, 173 (65.5%) were susceptible to infection, 12 (4.5%) had previously healed HBV infection, and only 6 (2.3%) had received vaccination and thus immuned to the infection. Out of the 55 HBV positive cases, 30 (54.5%) were HBeAg-negative and anti-HBe-positive and are therefore inactive carriers with low infectivity. However, 10 (18.2%) were positive for HBeAg but anti-HBe negative indicating presence of active HBV replication and high infectivity. In fifteen (27.3%) of the HBV cases, HBeAg and anti-HBe were both absent and could be as a result of HBV mutants that are unable to secrete the pre-core protein (HBeAg). The large number of infectious (18.2%) and susceptible cases (65.5%) amongst the truckers calls for concerted efforts in upscaling public health campaigns and routine vaccination schedule aimed at elimination of the disease as a public health burden.
{"title":"Serological Markers of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Truckers Transiting Gusau Town, Zamfara State, Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"B. I. Aguh, Z. R. Sani, A. A. Agba, A. Mohammed, S. B. Ayodele","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.22","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one that attacks the liver and could results in both acute and chronic diseases. Hepatitis B serologic testing amongst the truckers will help identify asymptomatic HBV carriers towards assisting WHO global hepatitis strategy aimed at reducing new infections. The truckers as a result of long delivery routes often sleep away from home making them more prone to unhealthy reckless living. The objective of this work therefore was to evaluate serological markers of HBV infection among truckers transiting Gusau town, northwestern Nigeria using standard methods. Of the 264 truckers screened for different serologic markers of HBV infection, 55 (20.8%) of them were positive for HBsAg, 173 (65.5%) were susceptible to infection, 12 (4.5%) had previously healed HBV infection, and only 6 (2.3%) had received vaccination and thus immuned to the infection. Out of the 55 HBV positive cases, 30 (54.5%) were HBeAg-negative and anti-HBe-positive and are therefore inactive carriers with low infectivity. However, 10 (18.2%) were positive for HBeAg but anti-HBe negative indicating presence of active HBV replication and high infectivity. In fifteen (27.3%) of the HBV cases, HBeAg and anti-HBe were both absent and could be as a result of HBV mutants that are unable to secrete the pre-core protein (HBeAg). The large number of infectious (18.2%) and susceptible cases (65.5%) amongst the truckers calls for concerted efforts in upscaling public health campaigns and routine vaccination schedule aimed at elimination of the disease as a public health burden.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Emeribe, E. T. Ogbomida, T. I. Akukwe, E. J. Eze, T. N. Nwobodo, I. Aganmwonyi, A. Akinmoladun, T. A. Ehigiegba, B. O. Olatunji, P. A. Ndem, O. O. Akingba
Strong evidence exists for long-term negative health outcomes from pesticide exposure including birth defects, fetal death, neurodevelopmental disorder, cancer, and neurologic illness including Parkinson's disease. This paper therefore examined the smallholder farmers' perception and awareness of public health effects of pesticide use in Edo Central, Nigeria. Data from 400 farmers were collected through questionnaires. Results revealed that most farmers relied on fellow farmers for information on pesticides (65.3%) rather than trained extension services (7.3%). Moderate toxic pesticides (WHO Class II) were commonly used, with a few cases of highly toxic pesticides (WHO Ib). Affordability (53.3%) and efficacy (41.8%) were the main factors driving pesticide purchases. The majority of farmers (63.9%) did not read pesticide labels before use, especially those with no formal education (77.2%) or basic education (57.8%) and those with less than 5 years of experience (54.6%). Reasons for not reading labels included reliance on success stories of other farmers (30.3%) and lack of clarity on labels (23.5%). Pesticides were often stored inside homes (43.3%), and used cans were disposed of with household waste (37%). Overall, farmers demonstrated a moderate level of awareness regarding public health effects of pesticide use. The relationship between farmers’ awareness level of public health effects of pesticides use and socio-economic variables shows that level of awareness is not dependent on age (ρ>0.05, d=0.35), educational background (ρ>0.05, d=0.27) and years of farming experience (ρ>0.05, d=0.41). The study highlights the importance of training farmers on safe and proper pesticide use to reduce risks to human health.
{"title":"Smallholder Farmers Perception and Awareness of Public Health Effects of Pesticides usage in selected Agrarian Communities, Edo Central, Edo State, Nigeria","authors":"C. Emeribe, E. T. Ogbomida, T. I. Akukwe, E. J. Eze, T. N. Nwobodo, I. Aganmwonyi, A. Akinmoladun, T. A. Ehigiegba, B. O. Olatunji, P. A. Ndem, O. O. Akingba","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.2","url":null,"abstract":"Strong evidence exists for long-term negative health outcomes from pesticide exposure including birth defects, fetal death, neurodevelopmental disorder, cancer, and neurologic illness including Parkinson's disease. This paper therefore examined the smallholder farmers' perception and awareness of public health effects of pesticide use in Edo Central, Nigeria. Data from 400 farmers were collected through questionnaires. Results revealed that most farmers relied on fellow farmers for information on pesticides (65.3%) rather than trained extension services (7.3%). Moderate toxic pesticides (WHO Class II) were commonly used, with a few cases of highly toxic pesticides (WHO Ib). Affordability (53.3%) and efficacy (41.8%) were the main factors driving pesticide purchases. The majority of farmers (63.9%) did not read pesticide labels before use, especially those with no formal education (77.2%) or basic education (57.8%) and those with less than 5 years of experience (54.6%). Reasons for not reading labels included reliance on success stories of other farmers (30.3%) and lack of clarity on labels (23.5%). Pesticides were often stored inside homes (43.3%), and used cans were disposed of with household waste (37%). Overall, farmers demonstrated a moderate level of awareness regarding public health effects of pesticide use. The relationship between farmers’ awareness level of public health effects of pesticides use and socio-economic variables shows that level of awareness is not dependent on age (ρ>0.05, d=0.35), educational background (ρ>0.05, d=0.27) and years of farming experience (ρ>0.05, d=0.41). The study highlights the importance of training farmers on safe and proper pesticide use to reduce risks to human health.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139311137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Agboola, S. Oyedeji, T. A. Olawoyin, I. E. Unazi, K. A. Bolarinwa, S. C. Eze, J. O. Olowoyo
The increase in consumption of leafy vegetables and their inclusion in daily diet have necessitated vegetable farming throughout the year on very busy road-side farms and gardens and conventional and non-conventional farming areas without consideration for potential risk to health of the consumers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the levels of copper, zinc, chromium and nickel and evaluate the potential health risks to human exposure via the consumption of Celosia argentea, Talinum triangulare and Vernonia amygdalina leafy vegetables purchased in a popular local market in Lagos, Nigeria using ICP-MS after complete dissolution by mixed-acid digestion , The results indicated the presence of Cu, Cr, Zn and Ni with ranges of 6.50 ±0.37 - 18.98±0.31 mg/g, 1.33±0.03 - 7.30±0.19 mg/g, 1.00±0.06 - 3.90±0.60 mg/g and 0.49±0.02 - 2.01±0.06 mg/g respectively. Cu had the highest significant concentrations in V. amygdalina among the vegetables and with the highest concentrations at Site A. The concentrations of all trace metals in the leafy vegetables exceeded the stipulated WHO/FAO permissible standards. Overall, the hazard quotients for trace metals were low, indicating that they may not pose a health risk to the populace through consumption of the leafy vegetables, however, the continuous consumption may pose a serious health risk owing to values recorded that were above the acceptable limit set by WHO.
{"title":"Levels of Heavy Metals and Potential Human Health Risks via Consumption of Leafy Vegetables Purchased in Popular Local Market in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"O. Agboola, S. Oyedeji, T. A. Olawoyin, I. E. Unazi, K. A. Bolarinwa, S. C. Eze, J. O. Olowoyo","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.10","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in consumption of leafy vegetables and their inclusion in daily diet have necessitated vegetable farming throughout the year on very busy road-side farms and gardens and conventional and non-conventional farming areas without consideration for potential risk to health of the consumers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the levels of copper, zinc, chromium and nickel and evaluate the potential health risks to human exposure via the consumption of Celosia argentea, Talinum triangulare and Vernonia amygdalina leafy vegetables purchased in a popular local market in Lagos, Nigeria using ICP-MS after complete dissolution by mixed-acid digestion , The results indicated the presence of Cu, Cr, Zn and Ni with ranges of 6.50 ±0.37 - 18.98±0.31 mg/g, 1.33±0.03 - 7.30±0.19 mg/g, 1.00±0.06 - 3.90±0.60 mg/g and 0.49±0.02 - 2.01±0.06 mg/g respectively. Cu had the highest significant concentrations in V. amygdalina among the vegetables and with the highest concentrations at Site A. The concentrations of all trace metals in the leafy vegetables exceeded the stipulated WHO/FAO permissible standards. Overall, the hazard quotients for trace metals were low, indicating that they may not pose a health risk to the populace through consumption of the leafy vegetables, however, the continuous consumption may pose a serious health risk owing to values recorded that were above the acceptable limit set by WHO.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139309709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents and in-vitro antioxidant properties of Ficus asperifolia leaf extracts. The evaluation of the phytochemistry showed the presence of bioactive compounds of saponins, alkaloids, terpenes, tannins, steroids, phlobatannin, cardiac glycosides and carbohydrates were confirmed present in the extracts of F. asperifolia. Flavonoid concentration varied significantly (p<0.05) in the increasing order of aqueous > ethanol > methanol extract. The nitric oxide scavenging activities of the aqueous extracts of F. asperifolia were significantly (p<0.05) higher in comparison to the methanol and ethanol extracts respectively. The total antioxidant capacity of the methanol extract were significantly (p<0.05) higher when compared to both the aqueous and ethanol extracts respectively. The results of this study support the application of F. asperifolia in herbal medicine.
本研究评估了薜荔叶提取物的植物化学成分和体外抗氧化特性。植物化学评估结果表明，鹅掌楸叶提取物中含有皂苷、生物碱、萜类、单宁、甾体、酞丹宁、强心甙和碳水化合物等生物活性化合物。黄酮类化合物的浓度变化很大（乙醇提取物大于甲醇提取物）。F. asperifolia 水提取物的一氧化氮清除活性明显高于甲醇和乙醇提取物（p<0.05）。甲醇提取物的总抗氧化能力分别明显高于水提取物和乙醇提取物（p<0.05）。本研究结果支持 F. asperifolia 在草药中的应用。
{"title":"Evaluation of Phytochemical Constituents and In-Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Ficus asperifolia Leaf Extracts","authors":"D. I. Johnny, H. E. Kadiri","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.26","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents and in-vitro antioxidant properties of Ficus asperifolia leaf extracts. The evaluation of the phytochemistry showed the presence of bioactive compounds of saponins, alkaloids, terpenes, tannins, steroids, phlobatannin, cardiac glycosides and carbohydrates were confirmed present in the extracts of F. asperifolia. Flavonoid concentration varied significantly (p<0.05) in the increasing order of aqueous > ethanol > methanol extract. The nitric oxide scavenging activities of the aqueous extracts of F. asperifolia were significantly (p<0.05) higher in comparison to the methanol and ethanol extracts respectively. The total antioxidant capacity of the methanol extract were significantly (p<0.05) higher when compared to both the aqueous and ethanol extracts respectively. The results of this study support the application of F. asperifolia in herbal medicine.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139309989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, scientific interest in Moringa oleifera has surged due to its potential health-promoting properties in traditional healthcare services. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of different parts of Moringa oleifera tree and the anti-anaemic potential of the parts in phenylhydrazine-induced heamatotoxicity in forty-eight (48) male Wistar albino rats using appropriate standard techniques. Qualitative phytochemical screening showed that Moringa oleifera parts contain flavonoids, saponins, and steroids and have antioxidant capabilities. The IC50 values for M. oleifera leaves and flowers DPPH were MOL 24.26 ± 2.92 µg/ml, MOF 43.69 ± 2.68 µg/ml, and gallic acid 16.71 ± 0.63 µg /ml. There was a significant increase in WBC, MCH, MCHC, and NEU in anaemic rats (14.07 ± 0.64 x 103, 22.6 ± 0.44 pg, 32.5 ± 0.85 g/dl, 33 ± 1.00 %, respectively) compared to the normal control (9.98 ± 0.92 x103, 18.98 ± 0.42 pg, 30.45 ± 0.5 g/dl, 29.05 ± 1.80 %, respectively) but lowered significantly with the treatment of different parts of Moringa oleifera. Histopathology showed moderate myeloblastic and lymphoblastic cellular traits in anaemic rats. The groups treated with hydroxyurea and Moringa oleifera parts showed varying frequencies of mild myeloblastic and lymphoblastic cellular traits, indicating improvement in the bone marrow. Findings from this study showed that Moringa oleifera parts have antioxidant capabilities and anti-anaemic potentials in a rat model of phenylhydrazine-induced heamatoxicity. However, the leaf is the most potent and efficient part based on the results of these findings.
{"title":"Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-anaemic Potential of Moringa oleifera Parts on Phenylhydrazine-induced Heamatotoxicity in Male Wistar Albino Rats","authors":"A. Olukanni, J. Minari, J. Okpuzor","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.25","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, scientific interest in Moringa oleifera has surged due to its potential health-promoting properties in traditional healthcare services. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of different parts of Moringa oleifera tree and the anti-anaemic potential of the parts in phenylhydrazine-induced heamatotoxicity in forty-eight (48) male Wistar albino rats using appropriate standard techniques. Qualitative phytochemical screening showed that Moringa oleifera parts contain flavonoids, saponins, and steroids and have antioxidant capabilities. The IC50 values for M. oleifera leaves and flowers DPPH were MOL 24.26 ± 2.92 µg/ml, MOF 43.69 ± 2.68 µg/ml, and gallic acid 16.71 ± 0.63 µg /ml. There was a significant increase in WBC, MCH, MCHC, and NEU in anaemic rats (14.07 ± 0.64 x 103, 22.6 ± 0.44 pg, 32.5 ± 0.85 g/dl, 33 ± 1.00 %, respectively) compared to the normal control (9.98 ± 0.92 x103, 18.98 ± 0.42 pg, 30.45 ± 0.5 g/dl, 29.05 ± 1.80 %, respectively) but lowered significantly with the treatment of different parts of Moringa oleifera. Histopathology showed moderate myeloblastic and lymphoblastic cellular traits in anaemic rats. The groups treated with hydroxyurea and Moringa oleifera parts showed varying frequencies of mild myeloblastic and lymphoblastic cellular traits, indicating improvement in the bone marrow. Findings from this study showed that Moringa oleifera parts have antioxidant capabilities and anti-anaemic potentials in a rat model of phenylhydrazine-induced heamatoxicity. However, the leaf is the most potent and efficient part based on the results of these findings.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Odewusi, I. S. Egede, A. E. Omon, S. O. Obadire, Z. T. Sokunbi
Hypertension and diabetes are important medical conditions that are responsible for a significant number of deaths globally. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the human epididymis protein-4 in patients with untreated and treated uncomplicated and complicated type 2 diabetes with hypertension at a teaching hospital in Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria using blood samples and appropriate standard techniques. The results (mean ± SD) obtained showed that the glucose level (mmol/L) in untreated DM, Treated DM and Control was 9.13±1.51, 5.05±0.84 and 4.71±0.81, while HE4 (nmol/L) was 59.52±9.85, 30.49±5.12 and 24.78±4.18 respectively. Furthermore, the glucose (mmol/L) level in untreated DM/HTN subjects and treated DM/HTN subjects was 10.02±3.46 and 4.99±1.04, while HE4 (nmol/L) was 103.33±34.58 and 50.32±5.02 respectively. In conclusion, this research found that HE4 was significantly increased (p<0.05) in T2DM subjects with uncomplicated and complicated type 2 diabetes with hypertension compared to control and therefore it can be considered that ovarian cancer can be associated with type 2 diabetes and HE4 can be used as a marker of early detection in both uncomplicated and complicated type 2 diabetes.
{"title":"Evaluation of Vascular Complication and Lack of Glycemic Control as Factors in the Development of Ovarian Cancer in Female Nigerian Type 2 Diabetic Population","authors":"O. Odewusi, I. S. Egede, A. E. Omon, S. O. Obadire, Z. T. Sokunbi","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.24","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension and diabetes are important medical conditions that are responsible for a significant number of deaths globally. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the human epididymis protein-4 in patients with untreated and treated uncomplicated and complicated type 2 diabetes with hypertension at a teaching hospital in Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria using blood samples and appropriate standard techniques. The results (mean ± SD) obtained showed that the glucose level (mmol/L) in untreated DM, Treated DM and Control was 9.13±1.51, 5.05±0.84 and 4.71±0.81, while HE4 (nmol/L) was 59.52±9.85, 30.49±5.12 and 24.78±4.18 respectively. Furthermore, the glucose (mmol/L) level in untreated DM/HTN subjects and treated DM/HTN subjects was 10.02±3.46 and 4.99±1.04, while HE4 (nmol/L) was 103.33±34.58 and 50.32±5.02 respectively. In conclusion, this research found that HE4 was significantly increased (p<0.05) in T2DM subjects with uncomplicated and complicated type 2 diabetes with hypertension compared to control and therefore it can be considered that ovarian cancer can be associated with type 2 diabetes and HE4 can be used as a marker of early detection in both uncomplicated and complicated type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139311087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethnomedicinal uses involve the comparative study of how different cultures view diseases, medical beliefs and practices of indigenous cultures on how they treat or prevent diseases. Hence, the objective of this paper is to provide a miniature review on the ethnomedical uses of drumstick (Moringa oleifera) tree by harvesting data and information from previous publications from 1998 - 2023 using online Google search. Data revealed that Moringa oleifera is also called “miracle tree” or the “tree of life,” horseradish tree or Ben oil tree. In almost all indigenous cultures, various parts of Moringa oleifera is associated as being used for treatment of a variety of health conditions ranging from wounds, skin infections, joint pain, hepatitis, ulcers, liver diseases, kidney stones, inflammation, ear and tooth pain, fever, diarrhea, hypertension, anxiety etc. It is recommended that a more elaborate literature review should be carried out dating back in times to keep an up-to-date record of ethnomedicinal uses of the plant and capture other ethnomedicinal uses of M. oleifera not included in this review.
{"title":"Diminutive Review on the Ethnomedicinal Uses of Drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Tree from 1998 – 2023","authors":"O. Oghama","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i10.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i10.4","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnomedicinal uses involve the comparative study of how different cultures view diseases, medical beliefs and practices of indigenous cultures on how they treat or prevent diseases. Hence, the objective of this paper is to provide a miniature review on the ethnomedical uses of drumstick (Moringa oleifera) tree by harvesting data and information from previous publications from 1998 - 2023 using online Google search. Data revealed that Moringa oleifera is also called “miracle tree” or the “tree of life,” horseradish tree or Ben oil tree. In almost all indigenous cultures, various parts of Moringa oleifera is associated as being used for treatment of a variety of health conditions ranging from wounds, skin infections, joint pain, hepatitis, ulcers, liver diseases, kidney stones, inflammation, ear and tooth pain, fever, diarrhea, hypertension, anxiety etc. It is recommended that a more elaborate literature review should be carried out dating back in times to keep an up-to-date record of ethnomedicinal uses of the plant and capture other ethnomedicinal uses of M. oleifera not included in this review.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139309846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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