O. Odewusi, J. J. Dodo, F. E. Omotayo, S. O. Obadire, E. A. Omon, M. O. Oguntuase, O. A. Alake
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifests itself in a variety of ways, implying a wide range of host autoimmune responses which could lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation. This study was designed to evaluate serum anticardiolipin antibodies and D-dimer in recipients of COVID 19 vaccines in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study population comprised sixteen (16) fully vaccinated subjects, fifteen (15) partially vaccinated subjects and fifteen (15) unvaccinated subjects (control). Anticardiolipin antibodies and D-dimer were analyzed using ELISA. D-dimer and anticardiolipin antibodies were significantly higher in fully and partially vaccinated subjects compared to control (p<0.05). D-dimer and anticardiolipin were insignificantly higher in fully vaccinated subjects compared to partially vaccinated subjects (p>0.05). Anticardiolipin and D-dimer were significantly higher in recipients of mRNA vaccines compared to viral vector vaccines (p<0.05). This study discovered that recipients of the COVID-19 immunization have a higher risk of developing antiphospholipid syndrome due to increased anticardiolipin. If disseminated intravascular coagulations is present and its complications are not adequately handled, this could become more serious
{"title":"Evaluation of Serum Anticardiolipin Antibodies and D-dimer in Recipients of COVID-19 Vaccines in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Odewusi, J. J. Dodo, F. E. Omotayo, S. O. Obadire, E. A. Omon, M. O. Oguntuase, O. A. Alake","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.19","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifests itself in a variety of ways, implying a wide range of host autoimmune responses which could lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation. This study was designed to evaluate serum anticardiolipin antibodies and D-dimer in recipients of COVID 19 vaccines in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study population comprised sixteen (16) fully vaccinated subjects, fifteen (15) partially vaccinated subjects and fifteen (15) unvaccinated subjects (control). Anticardiolipin antibodies and D-dimer were analyzed using ELISA. D-dimer and anticardiolipin antibodies were significantly higher in fully and partially vaccinated subjects compared to control (p<0.05). D-dimer and anticardiolipin were insignificantly higher in fully vaccinated subjects compared to partially vaccinated subjects (p>0.05). Anticardiolipin and D-dimer were significantly higher in recipients of mRNA vaccines compared to viral vector vaccines (p<0.05). This study discovered that recipients of the COVID-19 immunization have a higher risk of developing antiphospholipid syndrome due to increased anticardiolipin. If disseminated intravascular coagulations is present and its complications are not adequately handled, this could become more serious","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"4294 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139224201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Fané, D. Traoré, A. K. Koné, C. Traoré, A. Ahmed, M. Yussuf, M. Karembe
The objective of this study is to estimate the carbon dioxide (CO2) released by domestic energy (firewood and charcoal) in the urban commune of Koulikoro, Mali. This study employed questionnaire survey to identify the type of energies used, their costs, the quantity consumed, and the difficulties of access to these energies and their impact on natural resources in Koulikoro. The consumption of each family per neighbourhood was extrapolated to its total population to determine the carbon emitted and the carbon dioxide released. Thus, the carbon dioxide emitted in tonnes per neighbourhood was determined. The findings revealed three types of energy in the urban commune of Koulikoro, mainly firewood 72%, charcoal 25% and Gas 3%. The use of these energy sources depends on accessibility and availability. The increase in consumption per district is a function of the number of people. Daily used charcoal was estimated at 2 kg day-1 and 7 kg day-1 for firewood. Overall, average firewood using was highest in largest household size and it was 62% higher than in small size category which recorded the lowest. Annual amount of charcoal used was 676 kg year-1 and 2294 kg year-1 for firewood. However, annual amount of fuelwood per person was higher in small size category and 178% greater than in largest household group than other household size. Carbon consumption per capita per year was greater in small household group estimate to be 477 kg pns-1 year-1. Thus, the urban commune of Koulikoro has a significant carbon dioxide emission and firewood emits more CO2 than charcoal.
{"title":"Domestic Energy Consumption and Its Contribution to Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Insights from Koulikoro Urban Community, Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Mali in West Africa","authors":"S. Fané, D. Traoré, A. K. Koné, C. Traoré, A. Ahmed, M. Yussuf, M. Karembe","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.24","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to estimate the carbon dioxide (CO2) released by domestic energy (firewood and charcoal) in the urban commune of Koulikoro, Mali. This study employed questionnaire survey to identify the type of energies used, their costs, the quantity consumed, and the difficulties of access to these energies and their impact on natural resources in Koulikoro. The consumption of each family per neighbourhood was extrapolated to its total population to determine the carbon emitted and the carbon dioxide released. Thus, the carbon dioxide emitted in tonnes per neighbourhood was determined. The findings revealed three types of energy in the urban commune of Koulikoro, mainly firewood 72%, charcoal 25% and Gas 3%. The use of these energy sources depends on accessibility and availability. The increase in consumption per district is a function of the number of people. Daily used charcoal was estimated at 2 kg day-1 and 7 kg day-1 for firewood. Overall, average firewood using was highest in largest household size and it was 62% higher than in small size category which recorded the lowest. Annual amount of charcoal used was 676 kg year-1 and 2294 kg year-1 for firewood. However, annual amount of fuelwood per person was higher in small size category and 178% greater than in largest household group than other household size. Carbon consumption per capita per year was greater in small household group estimate to be 477 kg pns-1 year-1. Thus, the urban commune of Koulikoro has a significant carbon dioxide emission and firewood emits more CO2 than charcoal.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139226618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vegetable farming operations range from small patches of crops, producing a few vegetables for family use or marketing, to the great highly organized and mechanized farms common in industrialized countries. In parts of Nigeria, waterleaf and fluted pumpkin farming are very important. This study evaluates the economic analysis of waterleaf and fluted pumpkin farming in Benin Metropolis, Edo State, Nigeria using well-structured questionnaire. Data obtained revealed mean age of 52 years and 53 years both waterleaf and fluted pumpkin farmers with female having a simple majority of 74.36% and 84.31% for both groups. The result also revealed a fairly equal moderate level of education with majority 56.41% and 58.82% of waterleaf and fluted pumpkin farmers attaining primary school education respectively. The mean farming experience was 6 years for both groups. Furthermore, the study revealed that fluted pumpkin enterprises was more profitable than water leaf, with a net profit of $177.0473 and $324.4252 for waterleaf and fluted pumpkin enterprise respectively. The family labour cost was the only significant factors affecting water leaf production at 5% level probability whilst pesticide cost and size of plot were the two significant factors affecting fluted pumpkin production. It was recommended for farmer of fluted pumpkin enterprise to improvised organic pesticide which will help reduce cost and as well increase their land holding for maximum and profit.
{"title":"Economic Analysis of Waterleaf and Fluted Pumpkin Production in Benin Metropolis, Edo state, Nigeria","authors":"O. Igbinidu, J. Egbodion","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.2","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetable farming operations range from small patches of crops, producing a few vegetables for family use or marketing, to the great highly organized and mechanized farms common in industrialized countries. In parts of Nigeria, waterleaf and fluted pumpkin farming are very important. This study evaluates the economic analysis of waterleaf and fluted pumpkin farming in Benin Metropolis, Edo State, Nigeria using well-structured questionnaire. Data obtained revealed mean age of 52 years and 53 years both waterleaf and fluted pumpkin farmers with female having a simple majority of 74.36% and 84.31% for both groups. The result also revealed a fairly equal moderate level of education with majority 56.41% and 58.82% of waterleaf and fluted pumpkin farmers attaining primary school education respectively. The mean farming experience was 6 years for both groups. Furthermore, the study revealed that fluted pumpkin enterprises was more profitable than water leaf, with a net profit of $177.0473 and $324.4252 for waterleaf and fluted pumpkin enterprise respectively. The family labour cost was the only significant factors affecting water leaf production at 5% level probability whilst pesticide cost and size of plot were the two significant factors affecting fluted pumpkin production. It was recommended for farmer of fluted pumpkin enterprise to improvised organic pesticide which will help reduce cost and as well increase their land holding for maximum and profit.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"07 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139217820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. E. Samuel, U. Idris, D. S. Samaila, T. A. Alfa, S. Y. Kamba
The use of large quantity of synthetic dye in process industries to colour products amongst other things has given rise to aqueous effluents containing high level of this pollutant. This paper therefore evaluates the use of isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic to study the sorption capacities of congo red dye by mercerized sugarcane bagasse (MSB) and benzoylated sugarcane bagasse (BSB) in aqueous solution using batch experimental protocol. Data obtained show that MSB was the most effective adsorbent material, with equilibrium sorption (qe = 13.64 mg/g) after 50 minutes. The optimum pH and dosage for dye uptake were 3.0 and 3.5 g respectively. Sorption of dye by the modified surfaces decreases with increasing temperature and ionic strength. The 4% NaOH presented the best desorption of dye on the adsorbents. Kinetic studies showed pseudo second-order model fit for the experimental data. Adsorption of the anionic dye on the modified surfaces fits the Langmuir isotherm model based on the R2 values. Thermodynamic results showed ∆Go values (-12.42 to -4.16 KJ/mol) for MSB and (-15.13 to -7.55KJ/mol) for BSB, consistent with the spontaneity and feasibility of the sorption process. The uptake of dye by the modified surfaces depicts a random nature at the solid-solution interface and showed that the sorption is exothermic as evidenced by value (0.256-0.334KJmol/K) and (-18.41 to -10.17 KJ/mol) for ∆So and ∆Ho respectively. The results present MSB and BSB as effective sorbent materials for removal of anionic dye from waste effluents.
{"title":"Sorption of Congo red Dye from Aqueous Solution by Mercerized and Benzoylated Sugarcane Bagasse: Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies","authors":"A. E. Samuel, U. Idris, D. S. Samaila, T. A. Alfa, S. Y. Kamba","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.25","url":null,"abstract":"The use of large quantity of synthetic dye in process industries to colour products amongst other things has given rise to aqueous effluents containing high level of this pollutant. This paper therefore evaluates the use of isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic to study the sorption capacities of congo red dye by mercerized sugarcane bagasse (MSB) and benzoylated sugarcane bagasse (BSB) in aqueous solution using batch experimental protocol. Data obtained show that MSB was the most effective adsorbent material, with equilibrium sorption (qe = 13.64 mg/g) after 50 minutes. The optimum pH and dosage for dye uptake were 3.0 and 3.5 g respectively. Sorption of dye by the modified surfaces decreases with increasing temperature and ionic strength. The 4% NaOH presented the best desorption of dye on the adsorbents. Kinetic studies showed pseudo second-order model fit for the experimental data. Adsorption of the anionic dye on the modified surfaces fits the Langmuir isotherm model based on the R2 values. Thermodynamic results showed ∆Go values (-12.42 to -4.16 KJ/mol) for MSB and (-15.13 to -7.55KJ/mol) for BSB, consistent with the spontaneity and feasibility of the sorption process. The uptake of dye by the modified surfaces depicts a random nature at the solid-solution interface and showed that the sorption is exothermic as evidenced by value (0.256-0.334KJmol/K) and (-18.41 to -10.17 KJ/mol) for ∆So and ∆Ho respectively. The results present MSB and BSB as effective sorbent materials for removal of anionic dye from waste effluents.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139222926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Audu, S. D. Francis, A. S. Abubakar, M. A. Emigilati, H. Audu
The aim of this paper was to evaluate daily empirical rainfall data covering 1979-2020 as a guide to agriculture and water resources management in Ondo, State, Nigeria by collecting data from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Abuja, using various standard methods. Results showed that, the area observed rainfall throughout the year with March (86.4 mm) as the rainfall onset, November (56.4 mm) was the cessation, double maximum rainfall occurred in July (254.2 mm) and September (282.1 mm) with the climatological mean of 1752.2 mm. Also, the percentage (%) difference rainfall showed seven (7) positive and four (4) negative occurrences. The highest positive % difference occurred in September (10.4), while the lowest occurred in July (2.6). The highest negative % difference was -26.5 (November), while the lowest was -5.9 (August). The stations deviation from zonal average monthly rainfall showed that, Igbokoda, Ilaje LGA deviated in all the months negatively, while Okitipupa, Okitipupa LGA and Oka-Akoko, Akoko South West LGA deviated positively in eleven (11) months each. The study concluded that, rainfall varied and had declined generally over the study area. Hence, it was recommended that, the Seasonal Climate Prediction (SCP) by Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) should be down-scaled early to serve as a guide to farmers and hydrologists; irrigation should be encouraged; hybrid crops should be cultivated and more water reservoirs should be constructed.
{"title":"Analysis of Empirical Rainfall Data Covering 1979-2020 as a Guide to Agriculture and Water Resources Management in Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"E. Audu, S. D. Francis, A. S. Abubakar, M. A. Emigilati, H. Audu","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.34","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper was to evaluate daily empirical rainfall data covering 1979-2020 as a guide to agriculture and water resources management in Ondo, State, Nigeria by collecting data from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency, Abuja, using various standard methods. Results showed that, the area observed rainfall throughout the year with March (86.4 mm) as the rainfall onset, November (56.4 mm) was the cessation, double maximum rainfall occurred in July (254.2 mm) and September (282.1 mm) with the climatological mean of 1752.2 mm. Also, the percentage (%) difference rainfall showed seven (7) positive and four (4) negative occurrences. The highest positive % difference occurred in September (10.4), while the lowest occurred in July (2.6). The highest negative % difference was -26.5 (November), while the lowest was -5.9 (August). The stations deviation from zonal average monthly rainfall showed that, Igbokoda, Ilaje LGA deviated in all the months negatively, while Okitipupa, Okitipupa LGA and Oka-Akoko, Akoko South West LGA deviated positively in eleven (11) months each. The study concluded that, rainfall varied and had declined generally over the study area. Hence, it was recommended that, the Seasonal Climate Prediction (SCP) by Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) should be down-scaled early to serve as a guide to farmers and hydrologists; irrigation should be encouraged; hybrid crops should be cultivated and more water reservoirs should be constructed.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139223339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Healthy living has been known to be linked to availability of portable water supply, clean sanitation, access to good hygienic and attainment of nice healthy status. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the assess level of water supply sanitation, hygiene and health status of residents of Ekosodin community, Edo State using a structured questionnaire from 300 respondents analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22. Findings showed that residents of the community primarily relied on boreholes as their main water source, with 72.7 % of respondents indicating its usage. The sanitation facilities, such as toilets, were predominantly available, but there was a need for additional facilities, as indicated by 24.7 % of respondents. In terms of hand hygiene, 67.3 % of participants reported the availability of soap and water in their premises. Moreover, 82.7 % of respondents stated that they had separate containers for bathing and storing drinking water, contributing to improved hygiene practices. Health status’ findings revealed the prevalence of vomiting (66.7 %) among participants. Hospital/clinic facilities were the primary choice for medical treatment (74.7%), followed by herbal preparations (25.3%). In conclusion, a community-based intervention program needs to be carried out to educate the populace of Ekosodin residence on maintenance of hand washing practices, toilets and sanitary facilities.
{"title":"Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health Status of Ekosodin Community Residents, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria","authors":"Ee Imarhiagbe, CC Onwudiwe, Akahomhen","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.33","url":null,"abstract":"Healthy living has been known to be linked to availability of portable water supply, clean sanitation, access to good hygienic and attainment of nice healthy status. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the assess level of water supply sanitation, hygiene and health status of residents of Ekosodin community, Edo State using a structured questionnaire from 300 respondents analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22. Findings showed that residents of the community primarily relied on boreholes as their main water source, with 72.7 % of respondents indicating its usage. The sanitation facilities, such as toilets, were predominantly available, but there was a need for additional facilities, as indicated by 24.7 % of respondents. In terms of hand hygiene, 67.3 % of participants reported the availability of soap and water in their premises. Moreover, 82.7 % of respondents stated that they had separate containers for bathing and storing drinking water, contributing to improved hygiene practices. Health status’ findings revealed the prevalence of vomiting (66.7 %) among participants. Hospital/clinic facilities were the primary choice for medical treatment (74.7%), followed by herbal preparations (25.3%). In conclusion, a community-based intervention program needs to be carried out to educate the populace of Ekosodin residence on maintenance of hand washing practices, toilets and sanitary facilities.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139215625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Smart, T. O. Bamigboye, J. Isola, O. Fawole, O. H. Ibironke, O. A. Ogidan, I. R. Olaoluwa
The objective of this paper was to evaluate the bioaccumulation and potential risk assessments of heavy metals in two varieties of edible vegetables (Amaranthus hybridus and Celosia argentea) around Lapite Dump Site of Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria using different standard analytical techniques. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals showed that Pb, Cd and Mn (3.05mg/kg, 0.67mg/kg, and 129.61mg/kg) are the metals with means higher than their respective permissible values (PL) for humans (0.3mg/kg, 0.2mg/kg, and 6.64mg/kg respectively). These three heavy metals are also the metals with the most significant contamination and pollution factor according to the calculated contamination factor and geo-accumulation index. The bioaccumulation factors showed that Mn and Zn are the heavy metals accumulated most in the plants with the leaves having high content of these metals more than the stems. Pollution load index calculated revealed that the dumpsite area has been deteriorated (PLI > 1) making activities around the area (including agriculture) and the habitants at high risk of health hazards. Consequently, planting and other human activities in this area should be discouraged while appropriate authorities should get involved in impact assessment of the environment to relocate the farms and habitants of the area to a more suitable and environmental friendly area.
{"title":"Bioaccumulation and Potential Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Two Varieties of Edible Vegetables (Amaranthus hybridus and Celosia argentea) around Lapite Dump Site, Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Smart, T. O. Bamigboye, J. Isola, O. Fawole, O. H. Ibironke, O. A. Ogidan, I. R. Olaoluwa","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.5","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper was to evaluate the bioaccumulation and potential risk assessments of heavy metals in two varieties of edible vegetables (Amaranthus hybridus and Celosia argentea) around Lapite Dump Site of Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria using different standard analytical techniques. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals showed that Pb, Cd and Mn (3.05mg/kg, 0.67mg/kg, and 129.61mg/kg) are the metals with means higher than their respective permissible values (PL) for humans (0.3mg/kg, 0.2mg/kg, and 6.64mg/kg respectively). These three heavy metals are also the metals with the most significant contamination and pollution factor according to the calculated contamination factor and geo-accumulation index. The bioaccumulation factors showed that Mn and Zn are the heavy metals accumulated most in the plants with the leaves having high content of these metals more than the stems. Pollution load index calculated revealed that the dumpsite area has been deteriorated (PLI > 1) making activities around the area (including agriculture) and the habitants at high risk of health hazards. Consequently, planting and other human activities in this area should be discouraged while appropriate authorities should get involved in impact assessment of the environment to relocate the farms and habitants of the area to a more suitable and environmental friendly area.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139221931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waste rocks from gold mining operations represents a significant environmental burden and impairs sustainable environmental management in developing countries. This study focused on understanding the leachate properties of different particle sizes (>10mm, 20mm, 30mm and 50mm) from the waste rock dump (WRD) - GPAF in the 30 liters containers to represent waste rocks by using quick static testing to determine a more rational design basis for material storage and management. This study found that small particle sizes of waste rocks with <10 mm showed a strong leaching with a low pH of 3.5, while large particle sizes of 50 mm showed a high pH of 6.5. Metal leaching of small particle sizes had a higher concentration of Manganese, Zinc and Iron than large particle size. Similarly, sulphate concentration from leachate of small particle size of waste rocks had higher levels than large particle size. In addition, this study also demonstrated that the majority of dissolved metals (Mn, Zn and Fe) leached higher in the low pH (3.5) leachate. This study recommended that great emphasis be taken on the separation of small particles from large particle sizes of mine waste rocks during and after mining operations to reduce the risk of metal leaching and the possibility of acid mine drainage (AMD) formation and pollute surface and groundwater.
{"title":"Effect of Particle Size on Leachate Formation Characteristics from Gold Mine Waste Rocks: At Source Acid Mine Drainage Management in Tanzania","authors":"A. Marwa","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.4","url":null,"abstract":"Waste rocks from gold mining operations represents a significant environmental burden and impairs sustainable environmental management in developing countries. This study focused on understanding the leachate properties of different particle sizes (>10mm, 20mm, 30mm and 50mm) from the waste rock dump (WRD) - GPAF in the 30 liters containers to represent waste rocks by using quick static testing to determine a more rational design basis for material storage and management. This study found that small particle sizes of waste rocks with <10 mm showed a strong leaching with a low pH of 3.5, while large particle sizes of 50 mm showed a high pH of 6.5. Metal leaching of small particle sizes had a higher concentration of Manganese, Zinc and Iron than large particle size. Similarly, sulphate concentration from leachate of small particle size of waste rocks had higher levels than large particle size. In addition, this study also demonstrated that the majority of dissolved metals (Mn, Zn and Fe) leached higher in the low pH (3.5) leachate. This study recommended that great emphasis be taken on the separation of small particles from large particle sizes of mine waste rocks during and after mining operations to reduce the risk of metal leaching and the possibility of acid mine drainage (AMD) formation and pollute surface and groundwater.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139227811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Onihunwa, O. Akande, A. Wealth, E. Irunokhai, N. Mohammed
Generally, the problems associated with national park management in Nigeria include loss of wildlife habitats, poaching, overhunting, and illegal logging and grazing. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate the numerous challenges facing National Park Management in Nigeria using the Kainji Lake National Park as a case study using personal interview and administration of structural questionnaire to select one hundred and ninety four (194) respondents from the total population and data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of demographic characteristics of respondents sampled indicates that the male respondents were dominant (75.7%) and majority of the 51.4% of the sampled populations’ falls between age group 35-44 years. The finding further revealed that majority of the respondents was married (71.0%). 59.8% of the respondents had tertiary education while 40.2% had secondary education. Also, majority of the respondents are Muslims (71.0%) while 29.0 are Christian. Majority of the respondents (52.3%) had worked between 11-20 years while ≥21 are the least with 17.8%. The major challenges confronting Kainji Lake National Park as identified by the park staffs are insufficient fund and lack/shortage of manpower.The effects of these challenges on Wildlife management are reduction in management practices, makes work difficult and reduction in wildlife population. The measures taken in managing the identified challenges in the study area are provision of incentives/bonus to the staff, adequate funding, provision of modern equipment and facilities etc. The study therefore concludes that for effective conservation of biodiversity to be achieved in this premier national park of Nigeria, the identified challenges must be addressed.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Community Participation in Ecotourism Development in Borgu and Zurguma Sector of Kainji Lake National Park, Niger State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Onihunwa, O. Akande, A. Wealth, E. Irunokhai, N. Mohammed","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.7","url":null,"abstract":"Generally, the problems associated with national park management in Nigeria include loss of wildlife habitats, poaching, overhunting, and illegal logging and grazing. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate the numerous challenges facing National Park Management in Nigeria using the Kainji Lake National Park as a case study using personal interview and administration of structural questionnaire to select one hundred and ninety four (194) respondents from the total population and data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of demographic characteristics of respondents sampled indicates that the male respondents were dominant (75.7%) and majority of the 51.4% of the sampled populations’ falls between age group 35-44 years. The finding further revealed that majority of the respondents was married (71.0%). 59.8% of the respondents had tertiary education while 40.2% had secondary education. Also, majority of the respondents are Muslims (71.0%) while 29.0 are Christian. Majority of the respondents (52.3%) had worked between 11-20 years while ≥21 are the least with 17.8%. The major challenges confronting Kainji Lake National Park as identified by the park staffs are insufficient fund and lack/shortage of manpower.The effects of these challenges on Wildlife management are reduction in management practices, makes work difficult and reduction in wildlife population. The measures taken in managing the identified challenges in the study area are provision of incentives/bonus to the staff, adequate funding, provision of modern equipment and facilities etc. The study therefore concludes that for effective conservation of biodiversity to be achieved in this premier national park of Nigeria, the identified challenges must be addressed.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139219233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Hardness of a material is used to quantify its toughness and how reliable it is to withstand load with little or no deformation. High structural integrity in terms of hardness can be predicted if combinations of process parameters and their response pattern can be studied. Hence, the objective of this work is to predict the hardness of mild steel welded joints in a tungsten inert gas welding process using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The central composite design matrix was applied to train the network, while the box-beckhen design matrix were employed to predict the unknown responses. 200 pieces of mild steel coupons measuring 27.5x10x10mm were prepared and used for the experiment, the experiment was performed 20 times, using 5 specimens for each run, after which the hardness was measured and results analyzed respectively. The outcomes obtained indicates ANN capability in predicting the hardness of mild steel welded joints with a p-value less than 0.05, and an R2 of 87.44 with an allowable system noise of 7.14242.
{"title":"Prediction of Hardness of Mild Steel Welded Joints in a Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Process using Artificial Neural Network","authors":"Ogbeide, CE OO ETIN-OSA","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.3","url":null,"abstract":"The Hardness of a material is used to quantify its toughness and how reliable it is to withstand load with little or no deformation. High structural integrity in terms of hardness can be predicted if combinations of process parameters and their response pattern can be studied. Hence, the objective of this work is to predict the hardness of mild steel welded joints in a tungsten inert gas welding process using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The central composite design matrix was applied to train the network, while the box-beckhen design matrix were employed to predict the unknown responses. 200 pieces of mild steel coupons measuring 27.5x10x10mm were prepared and used for the experiment, the experiment was performed 20 times, using 5 specimens for each run, after which the hardness was measured and results analyzed respectively. The outcomes obtained indicates ANN capability in predicting the hardness of mild steel welded joints with a p-value less than 0.05, and an R2 of 87.44 with an allowable system noise of 7.14242.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139224014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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