J. Onihunwa, O. Akande, E. Irunokhai, Mohammed, A. Wealth
Generally, the problems associated with national park management in Nigeria include loss of wildlife habitats, poaching, overhunting, and illegal logging and grazing. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate the numerous challenges facing National Park Management in Nigeria using the Kainji Lake National Park as a case study using personal interview and administration of structural questionnaire to select one hundred and ninety four (194) respondents from the total population and data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of demographic characteristics of respondents sampled indicates that the male respondents were dominant (75.7%) and majority of the 51.4% of the sampled populations’ falls between age group 35-44 years. The finding further revealed that majority of the respondents was married (71.0%). 59.8% of the respondents had tertiary education while 40.2% had secondary education. Also, majority of the respondents are Muslims (71.0%) while 29.0 are Christian. Majority of the respondents (52.3%) had worked between 11-20 years while ≥21 are the least with 17.8%. The major challenges confronting Kainji Lake National Park as identified by the park staffs are insufficient fund and lack/shortage of manpower.The effects of these challenges on Wildlife management are reduction in management practices, makes work difficult and reduction in wildlife population. The measures taken in managing the identified challenges in the study area are provision of incentives/bonus to the staff, adequate funding, provision of modern equipment and facilities etc. The study therefore concludes that for effective conservation of biodiversity to be achieved in this premier national park of Nigeria, the identified challenges must be addressed.
{"title":"Challenges Facing National Park Management: A Case Study of Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria","authors":"J. Onihunwa, O. Akande, E. Irunokhai, Mohammed, A. Wealth","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.11","url":null,"abstract":"Generally, the problems associated with national park management in Nigeria include loss of wildlife habitats, poaching, overhunting, and illegal logging and grazing. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate the numerous challenges facing National Park Management in Nigeria using the Kainji Lake National Park as a case study using personal interview and administration of structural questionnaire to select one hundred and ninety four (194) respondents from the total population and data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of demographic characteristics of respondents sampled indicates that the male respondents were dominant (75.7%) and majority of the 51.4% of the sampled populations’ falls between age group 35-44 years. The finding further revealed that majority of the respondents was married (71.0%). 59.8% of the respondents had tertiary education while 40.2% had secondary education. Also, majority of the respondents are Muslims (71.0%) while 29.0 are Christian. Majority of the respondents (52.3%) had worked between 11-20 years while ≥21 are the least with 17.8%. The major challenges confronting Kainji Lake National Park as identified by the park staffs are insufficient fund and lack/shortage of manpower.The effects of these challenges on Wildlife management are reduction in management practices, makes work difficult and reduction in wildlife population. The measures taken in managing the identified challenges in the study area are provision of incentives/bonus to the staff, adequate funding, provision of modern equipment and facilities etc. The study therefore concludes that for effective conservation of biodiversity to be achieved in this premier national park of Nigeria, the identified challenges must be addressed.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"264 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139226560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayodele, Olajide, Lo, AJ Adepoju, Esan, NB Omodara
Ethanol generally are renewable liquids usually produced from sources which can be easily replenished, therefore, the production of ethanol by fermentation using substrate such as carbohydrate crops may provide an economically competitive source of energy by its incorporation into gasoline. Hence, the objective of this paper is the bioproduction of ethanol by saccharification-fermentation process using sweet potato (Ipomoea Batatas) and Irish potato (Solanum Tuberosum) with their peels as substrate with standard techniques for evaluation. The infrared (IR) spectroscopic data of potato extracts revealed that the absorption band of hydroxyl (OH) group of an alcohol ranges from 3747.03 - 3444.40 cm-1 in all samples analyzed. The 1H-NMR in CDCl3 (60 MHz), the proton at δH 4.09-4.69 appearing as singlet, integrating for one proton which indicates an hydroxyl group, another proton signal at δH 3.46-3.69, appearing as quartet with coupling constant of 7.2 Hz and each integrating for 2 protons, assigned to the methylene group next to the methyl group. The peak observed at δH 0.95-1.96 ppm, integrating for three protons with coupling constant of 6.6 Hz, which was assigned to the methyl group on the ethanol structure. The 13C-NMR spectrum of all the samples, showed an intense peak at 57.1-57.9 ppm which accounts for methylene peak on ethanol and an upfield carbon signal at 17.4-18.0, which was assigned to the methyl carbon in ethanol structure. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) results showed the presence of ethanol in the samples analyzed. Consequently, the refractive index result showed that all the extracts have a significant level of alcohol content.
{"title":"Bioproduction of Ethanol by Saccharification-Fermentation Process using Sweet Potato (ipomoea batatas) and Irish Potato (solanum tuberosum) as Substrate","authors":"Ayodele, Olajide, Lo, AJ Adepoju, Esan, NB Omodara","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.9","url":null,"abstract":"Ethanol generally are renewable liquids usually produced from sources which can be easily replenished, therefore, the production of ethanol by fermentation using substrate such as carbohydrate crops may provide an economically competitive source of energy by its incorporation into gasoline. Hence, the objective of this paper is the bioproduction of ethanol by saccharification-fermentation process using sweet potato (Ipomoea Batatas) and Irish potato (Solanum Tuberosum) with their peels as substrate with standard techniques for evaluation. The infrared (IR) spectroscopic data of potato extracts revealed that the absorption band of hydroxyl (OH) group of an alcohol ranges from 3747.03 - 3444.40 cm-1 in all samples analyzed. The 1H-NMR in CDCl3 (60 MHz), the proton at δH 4.09-4.69 appearing as singlet, integrating for one proton which indicates an hydroxyl group, another proton signal at δH 3.46-3.69, appearing as quartet with coupling constant of 7.2 Hz and each integrating for 2 protons, assigned to the methylene group next to the methyl group. The peak observed at δH 0.95-1.96 ppm, integrating for three protons with coupling constant of 6.6 Hz, which was assigned to the methyl group on the ethanol structure. The 13C-NMR spectrum of all the samples, showed an intense peak at 57.1-57.9 ppm which accounts for methylene peak on ethanol and an upfield carbon signal at 17.4-18.0, which was assigned to the methyl carbon in ethanol structure. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) results showed the presence of ethanol in the samples analyzed. Consequently, the refractive index result showed that all the extracts have a significant level of alcohol content.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139221552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. U. Abeshi, T. I. Oliomogbe, J. O. Emegha, V. A. Adeyeye, Y. O. Atunwa
Reservoirs of natural gas and gas condensate have been proposed as a potential for providing affordable and cleaner energy sources to the global population growth and industrialization expansion simultaneously. This work evaluates reservoir simulation for production optimization using Deep Neural network - artificial neural network (DNN-ANN) model to predict the dew point pressure in gas condensate reservoirs from Field-X in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. The dew-point pressure (DPP) of gas condensate reservoirs was estimated as a function of gas composition, reservoir temperature, molecular weight and specific gravity of heptane plus percentage. Results obtained show that the mean relative error (MRE) and R-squared (R2) are 0.99965 and 3.35%, respectively, indicating that the model is excellent in predicting DPP values. The Deep Neural Network - Artificial Neural Network (DNN-ANN) model is also evaluated in comparison to earlier models created by previous authors. It was recommended that the DNN - ANN model developed in this study could be applied to reservoir simulation and modeling well performance analysis, reservoir engineering problems and production optimization.
天然气和天然气凝析油储层被认为有潜力为全球人口增长和工业化扩张同时提供负担得起的清洁能源。本研究利用深度神经网络-人工神经网络（DNN-ANN）模型对储层模拟进行评估，以预测尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区 X 油田天然气凝析油储层的露点压力，从而优化生产。气体凝析油储层的露点压力（DPP）是作为气体成分、储层温度、分子量和庚烷比重加百分比的函数进行估算的。结果显示，平均相对误差（MRE）和 R 平方（R2）分别为 0.99965 和 3.35%，表明该模型在预测 DPP 值方面表现出色。深度神经网络-人工神经网络（DNN-ANN）模型也与前人创建的早期模型进行了比较评估。建议将本研究开发的 DNN-ANN 模型应用于油藏模拟和油井性能分析建模、油藏工程问题和生产优化。
{"title":"Application of Deep Neural Network-Artificial Neural Network Model for Prediction Of Dew Point Pressure in Gas Condensate Reservoirs from Field-X in the Niger Delta Region Nigeria","authors":"P. U. Abeshi, T. I. Oliomogbe, J. O. Emegha, V. A. Adeyeye, Y. O. Atunwa","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.35","url":null,"abstract":"Reservoirs of natural gas and gas condensate have been proposed as a potential for providing affordable and cleaner energy sources to the global population growth and industrialization expansion simultaneously. This work evaluates reservoir simulation for production optimization using Deep Neural network - artificial neural network (DNN-ANN) model to predict the dew point pressure in gas condensate reservoirs from Field-X in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. The dew-point pressure (DPP) of gas condensate reservoirs was estimated as a function of gas composition, reservoir temperature, molecular weight and specific gravity of heptane plus percentage. Results obtained show that the mean relative error (MRE) and R-squared (R2) are 0.99965 and 3.35%, respectively, indicating that the model is excellent in predicting DPP values. The Deep Neural Network - Artificial Neural Network (DNN-ANN) model is also evaluated in comparison to earlier models created by previous authors. It was recommended that the DNN - ANN model developed in this study could be applied to reservoir simulation and modeling well performance analysis, reservoir engineering problems and production optimization.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139223196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Productivity measures how efficiently production inputs, such as labour and capital, are being used in an economy to produce a given level of output. Productivity growth constitutes an important element for modeling the productive capacity of economies. It also allows analysts to determine capacity utilization, which in turn allows one to gauge the position of economies in the business cycle and to forecast economic growth. The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of productivity, while using the inventory of the construction Company in Nigeria to investigate, measure, plan and control the productivity and performance of a firm. Data used for this study was generated through the firm's annual reports and financial statements. Multiple Linear regression Model developed was used to predict accurately the productivity level of the firm. In order to check the significant and the adequacy of the model developed, the coefficient of correlation(R), coefficient of determination (R2) and adjusted R2 were determined, with an R2 value of 0.983 and an adjusted R2 values of 0.932 obtained indicating that the model is adequate. The result of the study shows that the degree of association and correlation of the data is meritorious. Investigation revealed that factors in both external and internal work environment as well as the firm's policies are unfavorable to the enhancement of labour productivity.
{"title":"Productivity Performance Assessment of a Firm: A Case Study of Infrastructural Construction Company in Nigeria","authors":"O. Ogbeide, N. C. Ehirim","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.6","url":null,"abstract":"Productivity measures how efficiently production inputs, such as labour and capital, are being used in an economy to produce a given level of output. Productivity growth constitutes an important element for modeling the productive capacity of economies. It also allows analysts to determine capacity utilization, which in turn allows one to gauge the position of economies in the business cycle and to forecast economic growth. The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of productivity, while using the inventory of the construction Company in Nigeria to investigate, measure, plan and control the productivity and performance of a firm. Data used for this study was generated through the firm's annual reports and financial statements. Multiple Linear regression Model developed was used to predict accurately the productivity level of the firm. In order to check the significant and the adequacy of the model developed, the coefficient of correlation(R), coefficient of determination (R2) and adjusted R2 were determined, with an R2 value of 0.983 and an adjusted R2 values of 0.932 obtained indicating that the model is adequate. The result of the study shows that the degree of association and correlation of the data is meritorious. Investigation revealed that factors in both external and internal work environment as well as the firm's policies are unfavorable to the enhancement of labour productivity.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139226804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this paper is to assess the assessment of microbial loads, species characterization and composition in prawn (Macrobrachium vollenhovenii) fillets from major wetlands (Nwaniba, Ibaka, Ibeno and Itu) in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The microbial loads, species characterization and composition in prawn fillets were determined using standard microbiological procedures. Results from the study revealed total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranging from 2.10 x 104cfu/g in samples from Ibeno to 7.30 x 104cfu/g from Itu samples. Samples from Itu also recorded the highest values (3.5 x 104cfu/g) of total heterotrophic fungal counts. A total of eight bacterial (Staphilococcus aureus, S. albus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Arthrobacter freundii and Salmonella ecterica) and six fungal (Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, Mucor mucedo, and Rhizopus sp) species were isolated. The bacterial species, Micrococcus luteus and Arthrobacter freundii had 100% frequency of occurrence while in the fungal group it was Candida tropicalis. The presence of these pathogenic organisms in prawn samples from these wetland areas may infer possible threat to the health of prawn consumers especially when the products are undercooked or poorly processed before consumption.
本文旨在评估尼日利亚阿夸伊博姆州主要湿地（Nwaniba、Ibaka、Ibeno 和 Itu）对虾（Macrobrachium vollenhovenii）鱼片中的微生物负荷、物种特征和组成。采用标准微生物学程序测定了虾片中的微生物量、物种特征和组成。研究结果显示，伊贝诺样本中的异养细菌总数为 2.10 x 104cfu/g，伊图样本中的异养细菌总数为 7.30 x 104cfu/g。伊图样本的异养真菌总数也达到了最高值（3.5 x 104cfu/g）。共分离出 8 种细菌（金黄色葡萄球菌、白葡萄球菌、产气肠杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、黄微球菌、自由节杆菌和外生沙门氏菌）和 6 种真菌（热带念珠菌、黑曲霉、黄曲霉、赤霉菌、粘孢子菌和根瘤菌）。 细菌类中，黄曲霉和自由节杆菌的出现率为 100%，而真菌类中则是热带念珠菌。在这些湿地地区的对虾样本中发现这些病原生物，可能会对对虾消费者的健康造成威胁，尤其是在对虾产品未煮熟或食用前加工不当的情况下。
{"title":"Assessment of Microbial Loads, Species Characterization and Composition in Prawn (Macrobrachium vollenhovenii) Fillets from Major Wetlands in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"MU Effiong, Adeyemi","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.37","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to assess the assessment of microbial loads, species characterization and composition in prawn (Macrobrachium vollenhovenii) fillets from major wetlands (Nwaniba, Ibaka, Ibeno and Itu) in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The microbial loads, species characterization and composition in prawn fillets were determined using standard microbiological procedures. Results from the study revealed total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranging from 2.10 x 104cfu/g in samples from Ibeno to 7.30 x 104cfu/g from Itu samples. Samples from Itu also recorded the highest values (3.5 x 104cfu/g) of total heterotrophic fungal counts. A total of eight bacterial (Staphilococcus aureus, S. albus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Arthrobacter freundii and Salmonella ecterica) and six fungal (Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, Mucor mucedo, and Rhizopus sp) species were isolated. The bacterial species, Micrococcus luteus and Arthrobacter freundii had 100% frequency of occurrence while in the fungal group it was Candida tropicalis. The presence of these pathogenic organisms in prawn samples from these wetland areas may infer possible threat to the health of prawn consumers especially when the products are undercooked or poorly processed before consumption.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139217244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mechanism of keeping water safe by improving its quality makes it easily accessible for community health. The objective of this work was to evaluate the levels of lead and Iron in the domestic water supply system at Ekeki Housing Estate Yenegoa local government and Otuoke community in Ogbia local government in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. AAS version 5.0 Model was used to analyze Iron and Lead after acid digestion. Results obtained were compared with WHO standard, and statistically inferences were drawn using ANOVA and Spearman correlation matrix. All water sampled presented values of lead between (0.02-0.64) mg/L expect for point I3 and I4 which conformed to 0.01mg/L, while Iron values ranged from (0.01-5.3) mg/L. Most of the results obtained exceeded the WHO standard of 0.01 mg/L for lead and 0.03mg/L respectively. The research findings had shown that most treatment processes adopted were not suitable for treatment of the contaminants, hence the need to review treatment processes, distribution and monitoring of the source.
{"title":"Evaluation of Lead and Iron Content in Different Stages of Water Treatment Facilities within Otuoke and Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","authors":"OO Ogunlowo, Sakwe","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.8","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanism of keeping water safe by improving its quality makes it easily accessible for community health. The objective of this work was to evaluate the levels of lead and Iron in the domestic water supply system at Ekeki Housing Estate Yenegoa local government and Otuoke community in Ogbia local government in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. AAS version 5.0 Model was used to analyze Iron and Lead after acid digestion. Results obtained were compared with WHO standard, and statistically inferences were drawn using ANOVA and Spearman correlation matrix. All water sampled presented values of lead between (0.02-0.64) mg/L expect for point I3 and I4 which conformed to 0.01mg/L, while Iron values ranged from (0.01-5.3) mg/L. Most of the results obtained exceeded the WHO standard of 0.01 mg/L for lead and 0.03mg/L respectively. The research findings had shown that most treatment processes adopted were not suitable for treatment of the contaminants, hence the need to review treatment processes, distribution and monitoring of the source.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139221234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The expansion of urban areas directly leads to deforestation resulting in the loss of ecosystems and environmental problems such as soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, water pollution, air pollution, as well as climate change. This study aims to assess deforestation in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria from the year 1987 to 2021 using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). The maximum likelihood supervised classification method in ENVI 5.3 was employed to classify the territory into four classes, which include forestland, grassland, built up area, and surface water. An increasing trend was observed in the built up area, grassland, and surface water. However, the forestland decreased significantly from 4059.43 km2 in 1987 to 2265.28 km2 in 2021. The result indicates massive deforestation in Abuja, and it is recommended that proper urban planning and policies that will mitigate urban sprawl be initiated and implemented in Abuja. Policies that mandate house owners to plant trees and lawns in their compounds should be made and implemented, and proper conservation policies should be implemented to conserve forestland.
{"title":"Geospatial Assessment of Deforestation in Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria from 1987 to 2021","authors":"CF Amaechi, AA Enuneku, SO Okhai, Okoduwa, Ka","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.13","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of urban areas directly leads to deforestation resulting in the loss of ecosystems and environmental problems such as soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, water pollution, air pollution, as well as climate change. This study aims to assess deforestation in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria from the year 1987 to 2021 using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). The maximum likelihood supervised classification method in ENVI 5.3 was employed to classify the territory into four classes, which include forestland, grassland, built up area, and surface water. An increasing trend was observed in the built up area, grassland, and surface water. However, the forestland decreased significantly from 4059.43 km2 in 1987 to 2265.28 km2 in 2021. The result indicates massive deforestation in Abuja, and it is recommended that proper urban planning and policies that will mitigate urban sprawl be initiated and implemented in Abuja. Policies that mandate house owners to plant trees and lawns in their compounds should be made and implemented, and proper conservation policies should be implemented to conserve forestland.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139224428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seed oils readily undergo derivatization by alcoholysis to yield biodegradable polyols and Ximenia americana plant from the family of Olacaeae has oily seeds. Hence, the objective of this paper is to assess the production of polyurethane elastomers from Ximenia americana L (Wild Olive) Seed Oil with diisocyanates, namely, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 4,4’-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) respectively using standard procedure and characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Instron Tensile Testing Machine and Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA). The tensile strength and tensile modulus for HDI-based polyurethane elastomers, 5.83±0.15 and 3.95±0.07 MPa respectively are higher than the corresponding ones for TDI- and MDI-based polymers. This is consistent with the highest crosslink density (γ) of 5.05×10-3 for HDI-based polymer with corresponding average molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc) of 197.87 gmol-1 The polyurethane elastomers are stable up to 250-265oC with order of stability: HDPU-1.50>MDPU-1.50>TDPU-1.50. The results showed that diol from Ximenia americana seed oil is effective for production of polyurethane elastomers with properties which are comparable to ones of the non-oil-based polymers.
{"title":"Production of Polyurethane Elastomers from Ximenia americana L (Wild Olive) Seed Oil and Diisocyanates","authors":"AE Samuel, IC Eromosele, SY Kamba, DS Samaila","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.30","url":null,"abstract":"Seed oils readily undergo derivatization by alcoholysis to yield biodegradable polyols and Ximenia americana plant from the family of Olacaeae has oily seeds. Hence, the objective of this paper is to assess the production of polyurethane elastomers from Ximenia americana L (Wild Olive) Seed Oil with diisocyanates, namely, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 4,4’-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) respectively using standard procedure and characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Instron Tensile Testing Machine and Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA). The tensile strength and tensile modulus for HDI-based polyurethane elastomers, 5.83±0.15 and 3.95±0.07 MPa respectively are higher than the corresponding ones for TDI- and MDI-based polymers. This is consistent with the highest crosslink density (γ) of 5.05×10-3 for HDI-based polymer with corresponding average molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc) of 197.87 gmol-1 The polyurethane elastomers are stable up to 250-265oC with order of stability: HDPU-1.50>MDPU-1.50>TDPU-1.50. The results showed that diol from Ximenia americana seed oil is effective for production of polyurethane elastomers with properties which are comparable to ones of the non-oil-based polymers.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139215249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objectives of this study is to investigate the phytoremediation potential of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seedlings planted on lead contaminated soil in Katsina, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods of physicochemical properties of the soil before and after the experiment and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) measurements for Pb concentrations. The result revealed that the plant had accumulated a significant concentration of Lead in the leaves (18.112mg/kg), shoot (14.221mg/kg) and roots (9.100mg/kg) and there was no significant difference in the concentrations of Lead used in the study at p>0.05. The phytoextraction ability of C. lanatus was assessed in %remediation factor (RF), Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and elemental translocation factor (TF). The amount of Lead in the shoots and roots after 6weeks showed that more concentration of Lead was translocated from the roots to the leaves. The results of this investigation suggests that Citrullus lanatus could be used for phytoextraction of Lead from contaminated soil.
{"title":"Phytoremediation Potential of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Seedlings Planted on Lead Contaminated Soil in Katsina, Nigeria","authors":"N. Usman, A. Jalo, N. Tahir, Z. H. Usman","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.16","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study is to investigate the phytoremediation potential of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seedlings planted on lead contaminated soil in Katsina, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods of physicochemical properties of the soil before and after the experiment and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) measurements for Pb concentrations. The result revealed that the plant had accumulated a significant concentration of Lead in the leaves (18.112mg/kg), shoot (14.221mg/kg) and roots (9.100mg/kg) and there was no significant difference in the concentrations of Lead used in the study at p>0.05. The phytoextraction ability of C. lanatus was assessed in %remediation factor (RF), Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and elemental translocation factor (TF). The amount of Lead in the shoots and roots after 6weeks showed that more concentration of Lead was translocated from the roots to the leaves. The results of this investigation suggests that Citrullus lanatus could be used for phytoextraction of Lead from contaminated soil.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139215322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Rabba, F. O. Uloko, G. I. Efenji, S. O. Eghaghe, H. A. Jaafar, M. Z. M. Jafri, N. D. Osman
The objective of this study was to assess correlation between dimensions of ball phantom and distortion rate of panoramic radiography in dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) system using appropriate standard methods. The results revealed that only two measurement (2.99%) out of 67 measurements exceeded the recommended threshold value for distortion rate. There was no correlation between the ball diameter and the distortion produced. However, a low positive correlation was observed between the distortion rate and the ratio of the horizontal to the vertical diameter of the ball images. Also, the matlab code, presented results which are closer to the acceptable limit than the Romexis software. Patient positioning should be carefully and correctly considered to prevent and to bring the image distortion rate to its barest minimum for proper diagnosis in dental CBCT. For proper diagnosis and treatment planning, this distortion must be accounted for during clinical applications.
{"title":"Assessment of Correlation between Dimensions of Ball Phantom and Distortion Rate of Panoramic Radiography in Dental Cone Beam Computed Tomography","authors":"J. Rabba, F. O. Uloko, G. I. Efenji, S. O. Eghaghe, H. A. Jaafar, M. Z. M. Jafri, N. D. Osman","doi":"10.4314/jasem.v27i11.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i11.15","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to assess correlation between dimensions of ball phantom and distortion rate of panoramic radiography in dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) system using appropriate standard methods. The results revealed that only two measurement (2.99%) out of 67 measurements exceeded the recommended threshold value for distortion rate. There was no correlation between the ball diameter and the distortion produced. However, a low positive correlation was observed between the distortion rate and the ratio of the horizontal to the vertical diameter of the ball images. Also, the matlab code, presented results which are closer to the acceptable limit than the Romexis software. Patient positioning should be carefully and correctly considered to prevent and to bring the image distortion rate to its barest minimum for proper diagnosis in dental CBCT. For proper diagnosis and treatment planning, this distortion must be accounted for during clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":15093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139223314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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