Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1760
Arif Cilek, Mustafa Ergun
Purpose- The effects of the Kahramanmaraş-centred earthquakes that occurred on 6-7 February 2023 on the Borsa Istanbul 100 index and the Banking index are examined. Methodology- Between 06/02/2023 – 07/02/2023, econometric analysis was applied by using BIST 100, BIST BANK index and earthquake data consisting of 312 observations. To determine the degrees of stationarity of the variables, the PP and ADF tests were applied in the study. In the series in which Unit Root analysis was carried out, the VAR model was used to apply Toda-Yamamoto causality analysis. Additionally, techniques for impulse-response functions and variance decomposition were also used. Findings- It has been discovered that the series' level difference is stationary. The Toda-Yamamoto Causality test findings demonstrate a causative link between earthquake magnitude, the BIST 100 index, and the BIST Banking index. In every time, the variations in BISTBANKA and BIST100 are largely self-explanatory. Conclusion- These findings led to the conclusion that the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake had an impact on the decline of the Borsa Istanbul 100 index and banking index on the 6-7 February 2023. Keywords: Earthquake, Borsa Istanbul, BIST100, BIST-BANKA, Toda-Yamamoto Causality Test JEL Codes: G21, P45, Q54
目的:研究2023年2月6日至7日发生的kahramanmara中心地震对Borsa Istanbul 100指数和银行业指数的影响。方法:在2023年2月6日至2023年2月7日期间，使用BIST 100, BIST BANK指数和由312个观测值组成的地震数据进行计量经济学分析。为了确定变量的平稳性程度，研究中应用了PP和ADF检验。在进行单位根分析的系列中，使用VAR模型进行Toda-Yamamoto因果分析。此外，还使用了脉冲响应函数和方差分解技术。研究结果-已发现，该系列的水平差异是平稳的。Toda-Yamamoto因果检验结果表明，地震震级、BIST 100指数和BIST银行指数之间存在因果关系。在每一次，BISTBANKA和BIST100的变化在很大程度上是不言而喻的。结论-这些发现得出的结论是，kahramanmaraki地震对Borsa Istanbul 100指数和银行业指数在2023年2月6日至7日的下跌产生了影响。关键词:地震，Borsa Istanbul, BIST100, BIST-BANKA, Toda-Yamamoto因果检验JEL规范:G21, P45, Q54
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF THE 2023 KAHRAMANMARAŞ EARTHQUAKE ON BIST100 AND BIST BANK INDEX: EVIDENCE FROM TODA-YAMAMOTO CAUSALITY TEST","authors":"Arif Cilek, Mustafa Ergun","doi":"10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1760","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose- The effects of the Kahramanmaraş-centred earthquakes that occurred on 6-7 February 2023 on the Borsa Istanbul 100 index and the Banking index are examined. Methodology- Between 06/02/2023 – 07/02/2023, econometric analysis was applied by using BIST 100, BIST BANK index and earthquake data consisting of 312 observations. To determine the degrees of stationarity of the variables, the PP and ADF tests were applied in the study. In the series in which Unit Root analysis was carried out, the VAR model was used to apply Toda-Yamamoto causality analysis. Additionally, techniques for impulse-response functions and variance decomposition were also used. Findings- It has been discovered that the series' level difference is stationary. The Toda-Yamamoto Causality test findings demonstrate a causative link between earthquake magnitude, the BIST 100 index, and the BIST Banking index. In every time, the variations in BISTBANKA and BIST100 are largely self-explanatory. Conclusion- These findings led to the conclusion that the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake had an impact on the decline of the Borsa Istanbul 100 index and banking index on the 6-7 February 2023. Keywords: Earthquake, Borsa Istanbul, BIST100, BIST-BANKA, Toda-Yamamoto Causality Test JEL Codes: G21, P45, Q54","PeriodicalId":15124,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135249111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1796
Mustafa Abdurrahman Tug, Pinar Basar
Purpose- The purpose of this study is to explain and understand the trends in GIG economy. The gig economy involves people who work independently, job-by-job, using digital platforms to connect with customers and provide short-term services or asset-sharing1. Examples include ride-hailing apps, food delivery apps, and holiday rental apps. The gig economy is expected to grow further in the coming years, as more companies and workers seek to benefit from its advantages. The future of the gig economy will challenge conventional organizational structures and require new forms of collaboration and regulation3. The roles gig workers will play around the globe in companies of all sizes are varied and impossible to categorize3. The gig economy will also create new opportunities for innovation, entrepreneurship, and learning4. Methodology- The study is conducted by qualitative approach. Findings- The analysis show that the HR functions in the companies are expected to shape according to the new trends. The gig economy is likely to continue expanding as technology advances and platforms become more sophisticated. The flexibility and convenience offered by gig work appeal to both workers and employers, leading to its sustained growth. There are still ethical considerations about regulation and worker protections. As the gig economy grows, there is increasing scrutiny on the rights and protections of gig workers. Governments around the world are examining ways to ensure fair compensation, benefits, and labour rights for gig workers. We may see the implementation of new regulations to address these concerns. Conclusion- It's important to note that the future of the gig economy will depend on a variety of factors, including technological advancements, regulatory frameworks, and societal attitudes. The pace and direction of these changes may vary across different regions and industries. Gig platforms will likely evolve to meet the changing needs of workers and employers. We may see improved matching algorithms, enhanced worker profiles, and better dispute resolution mechanisms. Platforms may also expand beyond traditional sectors like transportation and food delivery to include more specialized niches. Automation and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies could have a significant impact on the gig economy. Some tasks currently performed by gig workers may be automated, leading to changes in the types of gigs available. At the same time, AI could improve matching algorithms and provide gig workers with more personalized recommendations. As gig work becomes more prevalent, there may be a rise in worker organizations or unions that advocate for the rights and interests of gig workers. These organizations could help address issues such as fair wages, benefits, and dispute resolution. The boundaries between traditional employment and gig work may become more blurred. Companies may increasingly rely on a combination of full-time employees and gig workers, allowing
{"title":"FUTURE OF THE GIG ECONOMY","authors":"Mustafa Abdurrahman Tug, Pinar Basar","doi":"10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1796","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose- The purpose of this study is to explain and understand the trends in GIG economy. The gig economy involves people who work independently, job-by-job, using digital platforms to connect with customers and provide short-term services or asset-sharing1. Examples include ride-hailing apps, food delivery apps, and holiday rental apps. The gig economy is expected to grow further in the coming years, as more companies and workers seek to benefit from its advantages. The future of the gig economy will challenge conventional organizational structures and require new forms of collaboration and regulation3. The roles gig workers will play around the globe in companies of all sizes are varied and impossible to categorize3. The gig economy will also create new opportunities for innovation, entrepreneurship, and learning4. Methodology- The study is conducted by qualitative approach. Findings- The analysis show that the HR functions in the companies are expected to shape according to the new trends. The gig economy is likely to continue expanding as technology advances and platforms become more sophisticated. The flexibility and convenience offered by gig work appeal to both workers and employers, leading to its sustained growth. There are still ethical considerations about regulation and worker protections. As the gig economy grows, there is increasing scrutiny on the rights and protections of gig workers. Governments around the world are examining ways to ensure fair compensation, benefits, and labour rights for gig workers. We may see the implementation of new regulations to address these concerns. Conclusion- It's important to note that the future of the gig economy will depend on a variety of factors, including technological advancements, regulatory frameworks, and societal attitudes. The pace and direction of these changes may vary across different regions and industries. Gig platforms will likely evolve to meet the changing needs of workers and employers. We may see improved matching algorithms, enhanced worker profiles, and better dispute resolution mechanisms. Platforms may also expand beyond traditional sectors like transportation and food delivery to include more specialized niches. Automation and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies could have a significant impact on the gig economy. Some tasks currently performed by gig workers may be automated, leading to changes in the types of gigs available. At the same time, AI could improve matching algorithms and provide gig workers with more personalized recommendations. As gig work becomes more prevalent, there may be a rise in worker organizations or unions that advocate for the rights and interests of gig workers. These organizations could help address issues such as fair wages, benefits, and dispute resolution. The boundaries between traditional employment and gig work may become more blurred. Companies may increasingly rely on a combination of full-time employees and gig workers, allowing","PeriodicalId":15124,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135249279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1774
Hasret Keles Telseren, Ceyda Ovaci
Purpose- Corporate Innovation Systems (CIS) should be established for innovation to be managed effectively and sustainably in organizations as a means of global competition. There is a need for system designs that allow this process, which is iterative, interactive and risky by its nature, to be managed in a way that reflects the strategies, culture and original structure of the company. In this study, it is aimed to examine the phases followed within the scope of the corporate innovation system model applied in the focused innovation mentoring program attended by a company in ISO500. Methodology- The corporate innovation system was examined in depth with the case study of qualitative research techniques. It is possible to make theoretical propositions by making analytical generalizations with the case study method. For this reason, data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews to examine the corporate innovation system in the company within the scope of the study. Findings- It is seen that the participatory approach is exhibited in the adaptation of the CIS model proposed in the innovation management system design within the company, it focuses on competence development, a transparent and fair idea management system is designed, project management principles are applied, and an inclusive distribution of responsibilities is realized through committees. Conclusion- To provide sustainable innovation performance in companies, there is a need to create corporate innovation systems that are open to continuous improvement and development, in which the original characteristics of the institution are reflected, senior management support is provided, extended to internal and external stakeholders, a common language and perception are created. Keywords: Innovation, management system, innovatiın process, innovation management JEL Codes: M10,M11,M12
{"title":"IMPLEMENTATION OF CORPORATE INNOVATION SYSTEM MODEL: CASE STUDY","authors":"Hasret Keles Telseren, Ceyda Ovaci","doi":"10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1774","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose- Corporate Innovation Systems (CIS) should be established for innovation to be managed effectively and sustainably in organizations as a means of global competition. There is a need for system designs that allow this process, which is iterative, interactive and risky by its nature, to be managed in a way that reflects the strategies, culture and original structure of the company. In this study, it is aimed to examine the phases followed within the scope of the corporate innovation system model applied in the focused innovation mentoring program attended by a company in ISO500. Methodology- The corporate innovation system was examined in depth with the case study of qualitative research techniques. It is possible to make theoretical propositions by making analytical generalizations with the case study method. For this reason, data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews to examine the corporate innovation system in the company within the scope of the study. Findings- It is seen that the participatory approach is exhibited in the adaptation of the CIS model proposed in the innovation management system design within the company, it focuses on competence development, a transparent and fair idea management system is designed, project management principles are applied, and an inclusive distribution of responsibilities is realized through committees. Conclusion- To provide sustainable innovation performance in companies, there is a need to create corporate innovation systems that are open to continuous improvement and development, in which the original characteristics of the institution are reflected, senior management support is provided, extended to internal and external stakeholders, a common language and perception are created. Keywords: Innovation, management system, innovatiın process, innovation management JEL Codes: M10,M11,M12","PeriodicalId":15124,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135250232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1784
Fatih Celik, Blend Ibrahim
Purpose- Sports marketing is defined as "the activities of industrial marketers of goods and services who use sport as a promotional tool" (Argan & Katırcı, 2002, p. 23). Sports marketing plays a vital role in communication by utilizing the influence of sports to connect with global audiences (Ayhan et al., 2017; Fetchko et al., 2013). It enables brands to effectively engage fans, convey messages, and establish strong emotional bonds through the universal language of sports (Baena, 2018; Hunt et al., 1999). Over the past two decades, sports marketing has garnered significant attention from both communication researchers and practitioners (Filo et al., 2015), warranting a comprehensive review that explores the evolution and current state of sports marketing research in the communication discipline. This study aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the development and structure of sports marketing research in the communication. Methodology- In this reseaarch, we conducted a systematic literature review to achieve the study aim. We also used for a domain-focusedhybrid review, focusing on a field-discipline (sport marketing field & communication discipline) hybrid approach (Kraus et al., 2022), and employed bibliometric analysis as an analysis technique (Donthu et al., 2021). The dataset for this study consisted of 528 articles obtained from the Scopus database, encompassing journals within the communication field. Findings- The findings revealed that sports marketing research was published across 150 distinct communication journals from 1979 to 2023. Notably, Communication and Sport emerged as the most prolific journal, with 83 papers, and the USA stood as the leading country in terms of authorship, with 428 authors. Moreover, words such as "social media", "journalism", "content analysis", and “olympic games” are frequently used in the research Conclusion- This study is anticipated to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter by examining the scholarly progression of sports marketing research in the field of communication. Keywords: Sports research, sports marketing, sports communications, bibliometric review JEL Codes: M31, M30, M10
目的——体育营销被定义为“利用体育作为促销工具的商品和服务的工业营销人员的活动”(Argan &Katırcı， 2002，第23页)。体育营销通过利用体育的影响力与全球受众建立联系，在传播中发挥着至关重要的作用(Ayhan et al.， 2017;Fetchko et al.， 2013)。它使品牌能够有效地吸引粉丝，传达信息，并通过体育的通用语言建立强大的情感纽带(Baena, 2018;Hunt et al.， 1999)。在过去的二十年里，体育营销已经引起了传播学研究者和实践者的极大关注(Filo et al.， 2015)，有必要对传播学学科中体育营销研究的演变和现状进行全面的回顾。本研究旨在提供一个最新的发展概况和结构的体育营销研究在传播学。方法论-在本研究中，我们进行了系统的文献综述，以达到研究目的。我们还使用了以领域为重点的混合评论，侧重于一个领域学科(体育营销领域);传播学科)混合方法(Kraus et al.， 2022)，并采用文献计量分析作为分析技术(Donthu et al.， 2021)。本研究的数据集包括从Scopus数据库中获得的528篇文章，包括通信领域的期刊。研究结果——研究结果显示，从1979年到2023年，体育营销研究发表在150种不同的传播期刊上。值得注意的是，《通信与体育》成为最多产的期刊，发表了83篇论文，而在作者数量方面，美国是领先的国家，有428位作者。此外，“社交媒体”、“新闻”、“内容分析”和“奥运会”等词汇在研究中经常使用。结论:本研究旨在通过研究传播领域体育营销研究的学术进展，有助于全面理解这一主题。关键词:体育研究，体育营销，体育传播，文献计量学综述JEL代码:M31, M30, M10
{"title":"A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SPORTS MARKETING RESEARCH IN COMMUNICATION","authors":"Fatih Celik, Blend Ibrahim","doi":"10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1784","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose- Sports marketing is defined as \"the activities of industrial marketers of goods and services who use sport as a promotional tool\" (Argan & Katırcı, 2002, p. 23). Sports marketing plays a vital role in communication by utilizing the influence of sports to connect with global audiences (Ayhan et al., 2017; Fetchko et al., 2013). It enables brands to effectively engage fans, convey messages, and establish strong emotional bonds through the universal language of sports (Baena, 2018; Hunt et al., 1999). Over the past two decades, sports marketing has garnered significant attention from both communication researchers and practitioners (Filo et al., 2015), warranting a comprehensive review that explores the evolution and current state of sports marketing research in the communication discipline. This study aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the development and structure of sports marketing research in the communication. Methodology- In this reseaarch, we conducted a systematic literature review to achieve the study aim. We also used for a domain-focusedhybrid review, focusing on a field-discipline (sport marketing field & communication discipline) hybrid approach (Kraus et al., 2022), and employed bibliometric analysis as an analysis technique (Donthu et al., 2021). The dataset for this study consisted of 528 articles obtained from the Scopus database, encompassing journals within the communication field. Findings- The findings revealed that sports marketing research was published across 150 distinct communication journals from 1979 to 2023. Notably, Communication and Sport emerged as the most prolific journal, with 83 papers, and the USA stood as the leading country in terms of authorship, with 428 authors. Moreover, words such as \"social media\", \"journalism\", \"content analysis\", and “olympic games” are frequently used in the research Conclusion- This study is anticipated to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter by examining the scholarly progression of sports marketing research in the field of communication. Keywords: Sports research, sports marketing, sports communications, bibliometric review JEL Codes: M31, M30, M10","PeriodicalId":15124,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135255193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1786
Gulbeyaz Calis, Alpaslan Kelleci
Purpose- The present study aims to offer practical perspectives concerning how banks can increase their image, grow their market share and boost their profitiability by focusing on the social dimension of sustainability. The present paper also (i) elaborates on how different financial institutions create social value by serving the needs of underprivileged groups via digital financial platforms through recent practices in the world banking industry, and (ii) seeks to offer some insights for the industry as well as scholars, who are intrigued by social aspects of sustainability. Methodology- The present study lemploys both academic and gray literature, which particularly include recent social sustainability practices in the banking industry. Findings- Sustainability comprises of economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Digital Financial Inclusion (DFI) is one of the sub-dimensions of social aspect of sustainability. DFI came to the fore in 2010 with the “G20 Principles for Innovative Financial Inclusion” and it seeks to enable access to digital financial services for people and enterprises, particularly for underrepresented or “unbanked”. Research has shown that while around 1.2bn adults opened bank accounts for the first time over the past decade, 1.7bn remain outside the formal banking sector worldwide. In today’s sustainability-oriented post-growth era, DFI seeks to ensure local empowerment, diversity, equality, as well as inclusiveness, such as inclusion of senior citizens, women with low socio-economic status, refugees, and disabled people by providing them micro-entrepreneurial tools, such as micro-investment and micro-credit opportunities. Today, the banking industry aims to serve the needs of the so-called market segments considering the social aspects of sustainability. Digital financial platforms also require the collaboration between financial and non-financial institutions, such as educational and training institutions that aim to reskill and retrain the above-mentioned underprivileged groups as well as the unbanked. Conclusion- Research has demonstrated that increasing financial inclusion contributes to socioeconomic development, stronger economic growth, better life quality, and higher living standards. Thus, post-growth via digital financial platforms may be substantial in tackling poverty, hunger eradication, unemployment, exclusion and inequalities that have been addressed under Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN). More importantly, banks that focus on digital financial inclusion may increase their image, grow their market shares, and boost their profitability. Keywords: Sustainability marketing, digital platforms, sustainable growth, sustainable growth strategies, digital financial inclusion JEL Codes: G21, G23, Q01
{"title":"SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY VIA DIGITAL FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY","authors":"Gulbeyaz Calis, Alpaslan Kelleci","doi":"10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1786","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose- The present study aims to offer practical perspectives concerning how banks can increase their image, grow their market share and boost their profitiability by focusing on the social dimension of sustainability. The present paper also (i) elaborates on how different financial institutions create social value by serving the needs of underprivileged groups via digital financial platforms through recent practices in the world banking industry, and (ii) seeks to offer some insights for the industry as well as scholars, who are intrigued by social aspects of sustainability. Methodology- The present study lemploys both academic and gray literature, which particularly include recent social sustainability practices in the banking industry. Findings- Sustainability comprises of economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Digital Financial Inclusion (DFI) is one of the sub-dimensions of social aspect of sustainability. DFI came to the fore in 2010 with the “G20 Principles for Innovative Financial Inclusion” and it seeks to enable access to digital financial services for people and enterprises, particularly for underrepresented or “unbanked”. Research has shown that while around 1.2bn adults opened bank accounts for the first time over the past decade, 1.7bn remain outside the formal banking sector worldwide. In today’s sustainability-oriented post-growth era, DFI seeks to ensure local empowerment, diversity, equality, as well as inclusiveness, such as inclusion of senior citizens, women with low socio-economic status, refugees, and disabled people by providing them micro-entrepreneurial tools, such as micro-investment and micro-credit opportunities. Today, the banking industry aims to serve the needs of the so-called market segments considering the social aspects of sustainability. Digital financial platforms also require the collaboration between financial and non-financial institutions, such as educational and training institutions that aim to reskill and retrain the above-mentioned underprivileged groups as well as the unbanked. Conclusion- Research has demonstrated that increasing financial inclusion contributes to socioeconomic development, stronger economic growth, better life quality, and higher living standards. Thus, post-growth via digital financial platforms may be substantial in tackling poverty, hunger eradication, unemployment, exclusion and inequalities that have been addressed under Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN). More importantly, banks that focus on digital financial inclusion may increase their image, grow their market shares, and boost their profitability. Keywords: Sustainability marketing, digital platforms, sustainable growth, sustainable growth strategies, digital financial inclusion JEL Codes: G21, G23, Q01","PeriodicalId":15124,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135249278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1752
Ali Eskinat, Suat Teker
Purpose- Over the Covid-19 crises, most universities keep increasing the use of hybrid model at various levels in all disciplines in their education system forced by the market demand. This paper reviews the evolution of university generations from university 1.0 to university 4.0 using a historical point of view. This paper intends to clarify whether digital era for universities, namely University 5.0, is soon or far advocating that a large number of completely digital universities may breakout and reach everywhere in the world with no barriers of language, time and locations, and competing with local and traditional universities in all sense after year 2030. Methodology- The study employs an online survey via convenience sampling based on quantitative research method. Employers/Managers, Academics and formal University Students were selected as three target population group located all around Turkiye. The aim was to test the 5 hypotheses of this study to clarify the time of digital era for universities. Findings- The analysis reveals that the 5 hypotheses are accepted and seen as valid. The empirical results show a significant difference between the gender variable and the importance given to digital education. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the mean scores of the significance of digitalization and the importance given to digital education based on education level variable. Then, there were differences in the significance of digitalization and the importance given to digital education concerning the social status variable in the collected data. Notably, a linear and significant relationship was revealed between the importance given to digital education by participants and the importance they attributed to digitalization. Furthermore, a linear and significant relationship was found between the importance given to digital education and the importance given to university education. Under these circumstances, the results reveal that digital education is concerned as a fact of digital era and higher education institutions are not immune of this transformation. Conclusion- Based upon the analysis, it can be concluded that the traditional university system will be evolved into a digital university system in a not-too-distant future. In other words, traditional prestigious universities are expected to continue whereas digital universities appear as destructive competitors. For this reason, it may be argued that universities will increase to provide hybrid model education depending on the market demand until 2030, whereby it will be applied at different rates in education disciplines, such as of medicine, engineering, social sciences and many others. After 2030 traditional universities will continue to use blended learning whereas digital higher education institutions will start their inevitable growth. Keywords: Digital era, digital universities, hybrid education, university 5.0, virtual education. JEL Codes: A20, I23, I29
{"title":"DIGITAL ERA FOR UNIVERSITIES: SOON OR FAR","authors":"Ali Eskinat, Suat Teker","doi":"10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1752","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose- Over the Covid-19 crises, most universities keep increasing the use of hybrid model at various levels in all disciplines in their education system forced by the market demand. This paper reviews the evolution of university generations from university 1.0 to university 4.0 using a historical point of view. This paper intends to clarify whether digital era for universities, namely University 5.0, is soon or far advocating that a large number of completely digital universities may breakout and reach everywhere in the world with no barriers of language, time and locations, and competing with local and traditional universities in all sense after year 2030. Methodology- The study employs an online survey via convenience sampling based on quantitative research method. Employers/Managers, Academics and formal University Students were selected as three target population group located all around Turkiye. The aim was to test the 5 hypotheses of this study to clarify the time of digital era for universities. Findings- The analysis reveals that the 5 hypotheses are accepted and seen as valid. The empirical results show a significant difference between the gender variable and the importance given to digital education. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the mean scores of the significance of digitalization and the importance given to digital education based on education level variable. Then, there were differences in the significance of digitalization and the importance given to digital education concerning the social status variable in the collected data. Notably, a linear and significant relationship was revealed between the importance given to digital education by participants and the importance they attributed to digitalization. Furthermore, a linear and significant relationship was found between the importance given to digital education and the importance given to university education. Under these circumstances, the results reveal that digital education is concerned as a fact of digital era and higher education institutions are not immune of this transformation. Conclusion- Based upon the analysis, it can be concluded that the traditional university system will be evolved into a digital university system in a not-too-distant future. In other words, traditional prestigious universities are expected to continue whereas digital universities appear as destructive competitors. For this reason, it may be argued that universities will increase to provide hybrid model education depending on the market demand until 2030, whereby it will be applied at different rates in education disciplines, such as of medicine, engineering, social sciences and many others. After 2030 traditional universities will continue to use blended learning whereas digital higher education institutions will start their inevitable growth. Keywords: Digital era, digital universities, hybrid education, university 5.0, virtual education. JEL Codes: A20, I23, I29","PeriodicalId":15124,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1791
Semih Karakurum
Purpose- Having started of climate change’s impact in 21st century shaped businesses’ production process directly. Consumers’ attitude and behaviours that affected businesses has started to show in spect of corporate social responsibility. Since 1970s, sustainability has been highlighted as a topic reflected to corporate’s politics, as well. Environmental sustainability is an variety of sustainability takes environment on center and keep providing products and services. By green marketing, a lot of brands to get profit target take environment on center. From producing product packet to types of electric energy that use is factory, a lot of affects started turning to metaphorses with corporates’ environmental sustainability politics. In context of ethical production and environmental sustainability, animal testing is being removed while vegan product production is tried to develop. Aim of this research is to understand how environmental sustainability affects firms’/brands’ political process. Methodology- In this research, case study is applied as a types of qualitative research designs. By Turkey’s representative of an eco-friendly cleaning firm that from Denmark, semi-structured in depth interview were conducted. Then, the semi-structure in depth interview transcripted and highlighted to topic which turned into codes. The codes were got together and tied to themes. Findings- In result of the analysis reveals that 4 main themes which are 1) Scandinavian Moral and Ethical Production; 2) Green Sustainability; 3) Vegan Product; 4) Organic Product. For the analysis, Scandinavian moral has a big impacted to ethical production. Firm’s practices is related to green sustainability; almost all production processes become “green”. In context of climate change, vegan perspective is rising day by day in the marketplace; producing animal-derived resources evaluate a part of climate change. Organic production is assessing an aspect of ecological life which is related to environmental sustainability. Conclusion- In green marketing perspective, environmental sustainability is one the most important issue, especially, while climate change gaining visibility. Basic marketing mix turning to “green marketing mix”. When brands and firms go green by politically, their production process goes directly green, as well. Climate change could be assessed like ethical issue in marketplace in context of environmental degradation. Firms and brands are interested in green conditions due vegan products and organic products, respectively, are positioned in environmental sustainability. Keywords: Ethical production, climate change, green sustainability, nordic countries, vegan product JEL Codes: M31, D21, Q01
{"title":"GREEN MARKETING PRACTICES IN CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: A CASE STUDY","authors":"Semih Karakurum","doi":"10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1791","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose- Having started of climate change’s impact in 21st century shaped businesses’ production process directly. Consumers’ attitude and behaviours that affected businesses has started to show in spect of corporate social responsibility. Since 1970s, sustainability has been highlighted as a topic reflected to corporate’s politics, as well. Environmental sustainability is an variety of sustainability takes environment on center and keep providing products and services. By green marketing, a lot of brands to get profit target take environment on center. From producing product packet to types of electric energy that use is factory, a lot of affects started turning to metaphorses with corporates’ environmental sustainability politics. In context of ethical production and environmental sustainability, animal testing is being removed while vegan product production is tried to develop. Aim of this research is to understand how environmental sustainability affects firms’/brands’ political process. Methodology- In this research, case study is applied as a types of qualitative research designs. By Turkey’s representative of an eco-friendly cleaning firm that from Denmark, semi-structured in depth interview were conducted. Then, the semi-structure in depth interview transcripted and highlighted to topic which turned into codes. The codes were got together and tied to themes. Findings- In result of the analysis reveals that 4 main themes which are 1) Scandinavian Moral and Ethical Production; 2) Green Sustainability; 3) Vegan Product; 4) Organic Product. For the analysis, Scandinavian moral has a big impacted to ethical production. Firm’s practices is related to green sustainability; almost all production processes become “green”. In context of climate change, vegan perspective is rising day by day in the marketplace; producing animal-derived resources evaluate a part of climate change. Organic production is assessing an aspect of ecological life which is related to environmental sustainability. Conclusion- In green marketing perspective, environmental sustainability is one the most important issue, especially, while climate change gaining visibility. Basic marketing mix turning to “green marketing mix”. When brands and firms go green by politically, their production process goes directly green, as well. Climate change could be assessed like ethical issue in marketplace in context of environmental degradation. Firms and brands are interested in green conditions due vegan products and organic products, respectively, are positioned in environmental sustainability. Keywords: Ethical production, climate change, green sustainability, nordic countries, vegan product JEL Codes: M31, D21, Q01","PeriodicalId":15124,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1800
Sabri Oz, Mustafa Fethi Agalar
Purpose- In this study, foreign direct investments and technology transfer, which is accepted as an important dynamo of digital transformation, will be examined in a relational context and the analysis of multiple disciplines in which their relations are discussed. It is researched how public, academia and industry cooperation should be related to foreign direct investment and technology transfer. It has been investigated whether the periodic development plans prepared in Turkey and similar countries are a matter to focus on technology transfer and foreign direct investments.. Methodoloji- The methodology of the study will be made in the form of bibliometric analysis and it will be revealed in which years the studies based on both foreign direct investments and technology transfer were carried out, in which countries they were examined, and especially on which subjects they were studied. Based on bibliometric analysis, grouping clustering will be emphasized and interpreted. In order to carry out the study in the form of bibliometric analysis, it was carried out in a way to search for the presence of the desired keywords in the subject content in the journals under the umbrella of web of science. These keywords were analyzed with foreign direct investments, technology transfer, economic growth, technological and digital transformation word groups. The study was made in the form of compilation over the most cited studies on journal park and web of science. Findings- When the graphic visuals produced by bibliometric analysis based on big data through artificial intelligence are evaluated, it is seen that China is the leading country in terms of foreign direct investments. It can be stated that when China focused on foreign direct investments, it was also studied in parallel with academic studies, and the practice and the academy showed a parallelism. When the graphs given by the bibliometric analysis by countries are examined, the importance of industrial policies and the intensity of work are seen. It is stated that this situation reveals important results. Especially in this period when the influence of the information society is intense, it becomes clear how important it is to focus on the industrial society and industrial policies again.. Conclusion- It has been seen that the subject of technology transfer, as one of the areas most affected by foreign direct investments, should be evaluated in cooperation with academia and industry. It is seen that the concentration of public policies in this area is the most important issue in paving the way for foreign direct investment. In this context, it will be in the interest of the country to shape the direction of industrial policies accordingly. In this case, it is emphasized once again how important the issue of industry and technology is in the welfare of countries. In the study, it is stated that the academy, industry and public cooperation should be shaped in order to attract technology transfer an
目的-在本研究中，外国直接投资和技术转让被认为是数字化转型的重要动力，将在关系背景和多学科分析中进行研究，其中讨论了它们之间的关系。研究了公共、学术和产业合作应如何与外国直接投资和技术转让联系起来。已经调查了土耳其和类似国家制定的定期发展计划是否侧重于技术转让和外国直接投资。方法-研究的方法将采用文献计量分析的形式，并将揭示在哪些年份进行了基于外国直接投资和技术转让的研究，在哪些国家进行了研究，特别是研究了哪些主题。在文献计量学分析的基础上，着重对分组聚类进行阐述。为了以文献计量分析的形式进行研究，在web of science旗下期刊的主题内容中搜索所需关键词的存在。这些关键词分别用外商直接投资、技术转移、经济增长、技术和数字化转型词语组进行分析。本研究是对journal park和web of science上被引次数最多的论文进行汇编。研究结果-当通过人工智能对基于大数据的文献计量分析产生的图形视觉进行评估时，可以看到中国在外国直接投资方面处于领先地位。可以说，中国在关注对外直接投资的时候，也是与学术研究并行的，实践与学术表现出平行性。当对各国的文献计量分析给出的图表进行检查时，可以看到产业政策和工作强度的重要性。有人指出，这种情况揭示了重要的结果。尤其是在这个信息社会影响强烈的时期，重新关注产业社会和产业政策显得尤为重要。结论- -人们认为，作为受外国直接投资影响最严重的领域之一，技术转让问题应与学术界和工业界合作加以评价。可以看出，在为外国直接投资铺平道路方面，公共政策集中在这一领域是最重要的问题。在此背景下，相应地塑造产业政策的方向将符合国家利益。在这种情况下，再次强调工业和技术问题对各国福利的重要性。在研究中指出，应形成学院，工业和公共合作，以吸引技术转让和外国直接投资为基石，并创造一个吸引中心。由于本研究是在journal park和web of science上进行的，作为研究的局限性，建议在新的学术研究中对scopus等不同领域进行重复研究。关键词:外商直接投资，技术转移，经济增长，技术与数字化转型，文献计量分析JEL代码:A10, B22, O17
{"title":"A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS","authors":"Sabri Oz, Mustafa Fethi Agalar","doi":"10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1800","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose- In this study, foreign direct investments and technology transfer, which is accepted as an important dynamo of digital transformation, will be examined in a relational context and the analysis of multiple disciplines in which their relations are discussed. It is researched how public, academia and industry cooperation should be related to foreign direct investment and technology transfer. It has been investigated whether the periodic development plans prepared in Turkey and similar countries are a matter to focus on technology transfer and foreign direct investments.. Methodoloji- The methodology of the study will be made in the form of bibliometric analysis and it will be revealed in which years the studies based on both foreign direct investments and technology transfer were carried out, in which countries they were examined, and especially on which subjects they were studied. Based on bibliometric analysis, grouping clustering will be emphasized and interpreted. In order to carry out the study in the form of bibliometric analysis, it was carried out in a way to search for the presence of the desired keywords in the subject content in the journals under the umbrella of web of science. These keywords were analyzed with foreign direct investments, technology transfer, economic growth, technological and digital transformation word groups. The study was made in the form of compilation over the most cited studies on journal park and web of science. Findings- When the graphic visuals produced by bibliometric analysis based on big data through artificial intelligence are evaluated, it is seen that China is the leading country in terms of foreign direct investments. It can be stated that when China focused on foreign direct investments, it was also studied in parallel with academic studies, and the practice and the academy showed a parallelism. When the graphs given by the bibliometric analysis by countries are examined, the importance of industrial policies and the intensity of work are seen. It is stated that this situation reveals important results. Especially in this period when the influence of the information society is intense, it becomes clear how important it is to focus on the industrial society and industrial policies again.. Conclusion- It has been seen that the subject of technology transfer, as one of the areas most affected by foreign direct investments, should be evaluated in cooperation with academia and industry. It is seen that the concentration of public policies in this area is the most important issue in paving the way for foreign direct investment. In this context, it will be in the interest of the country to shape the direction of industrial policies accordingly. In this case, it is emphasized once again how important the issue of industry and technology is in the welfare of countries. In the study, it is stated that the academy, industry and public cooperation should be shaped in order to attract technology transfer an","PeriodicalId":15124,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1755
Ela Sibel Bayrak Meydanoglu, Omer Hurmaci
Purpose- The increasing awareness of environmental pollution both in society and in the business world has caused environmental sustainability to be at the top of the agenda of businesses as an important issue. What kind of effects digitalization in industrial enterprises may have on environmental sustainability is an important question brought by increasing digitalization. The current study seeks to answer this question. Methodology- In this conceptual study, the effects of digitalization on environmental sustainability are examined and categorized on the basis of previous studies conducted in the relevant literature. Findings- The positive and negative impacts of digitalization in industry on environmental sustainability can be categorized into three groups, taking into account the impacts caused by the production, use and disposal of digital technologies. Conclusion- It is argued that digitalization in industrial enterprises can have both positive and negative effects on environmental sustainability, and it can be concluded that the impact of digitalization in the industry on the environment depends on the net effect of these positive and negative effects. Keywords: Digitalization, digital technology production, use of digital technologies, disposal of digital technologies, environmental sustainability, industrial enterprises. JEL Codes: M10, O14, Q56
{"title":"IMPACTS OF DIGITALIZATION IN INDUSTRY ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY","authors":"Ela Sibel Bayrak Meydanoglu, Omer Hurmaci","doi":"10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1755","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose- The increasing awareness of environmental pollution both in society and in the business world has caused environmental sustainability to be at the top of the agenda of businesses as an important issue. What kind of effects digitalization in industrial enterprises may have on environmental sustainability is an important question brought by increasing digitalization. The current study seeks to answer this question. Methodology- In this conceptual study, the effects of digitalization on environmental sustainability are examined and categorized on the basis of previous studies conducted in the relevant literature. Findings- The positive and negative impacts of digitalization in industry on environmental sustainability can be categorized into three groups, taking into account the impacts caused by the production, use and disposal of digital technologies. Conclusion- It is argued that digitalization in industrial enterprises can have both positive and negative effects on environmental sustainability, and it can be concluded that the impact of digitalization in the industry on the environment depends on the net effect of these positive and negative effects. Keywords: Digitalization, digital technology production, use of digital technologies, disposal of digital technologies, environmental sustainability, industrial enterprises. JEL Codes: M10, O14, Q56","PeriodicalId":15124,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135249109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1746
Bulent Hoca, Elcin Aykac Alp
ABSTRACT Purpose- In the process of globalization, international trade has increased rapidly compared to national income (Dicken, 2015). Despite the expectation that increasing trade openness will increase economic convergence according to conventional trade and growth theories (Rowthorn, Kozul-Wright, 1998), this expectation about convergence of developing countries to developed countries has not materialized (Munck, 2021). In terms of international political economy, issues such as inequality and dependency remained on the agenda (Kiely, 2012). Alternative trade and industrial policies have been marginalized (Chang, 2002). An important theory that questions the positive expectations of conventional mainstream theories is Emmanuel's theory of "unequal exchange" (Emmanuel, 1972). However, in its original form, the theory has been subjected to various criticisms and tried to be developed. In response to the criticism that the theory is based on price and wage differences (Subasat, 2013), an approach based on international technical/organic composition and productivity differences in a more structural manner has been developed (Carchedi and Roberts, 2021). The aim of this study is to review Turkey's trade relations and point out some problems using this new approach. As the first study to apply this new approach to Turkey to our knowledge, it differs from previous unequal exchange studies (Somel, 2003; Dağıstan, 2015). Methodology- The data subject to the analysis in the study were obtained by following the methodology applied in the study of Carchedi and Roberts (2021). In the analysis based on Turkey's international trade, five developed countries that are important in Turkey's trade in the long-run were selected and a sample was obtained. In the study, graphical analysis and time series methods were applied as in the study of Carchedi and Roberts (2021). Findings- As a result of this study, in which five countries that are important in Turkey's long-term international trade are analyzed, the findings indicate that there are important value transfers in Turkey's trade, especially with developed countries. Changes in the terms and conditions of this transfer of value need to be examined and should be one of the crucial factors in considering trade policy. Conclusion- Discussion about trade policy usually revolve around trade balance. However, trade balance does not appear to be a sufficient criterion when evaluating trade policies because unequal exchange is a different concept than trade balance. Consideration of value transfers through unequal exchange should also be considered. In addition, the findings indicate that the level of technology has a decisive role in unequal exchange relations. Keywords: International trade, unequal exchange, globalization, technology, international political economy JEL Codes: D46, F63, F13
{"title":"An analysis of unequal exchange in Turkiye s international trade","authors":"Bulent Hoca, Elcin Aykac Alp","doi":"10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1746","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose- In the process of globalization, international trade has increased rapidly compared to national income (Dicken, 2015). Despite the expectation that increasing trade openness will increase economic convergence according to conventional trade and growth theories (Rowthorn, Kozul-Wright, 1998), this expectation about convergence of developing countries to developed countries has not materialized (Munck, 2021). In terms of international political economy, issues such as inequality and dependency remained on the agenda (Kiely, 2012). Alternative trade and industrial policies have been marginalized (Chang, 2002). An important theory that questions the positive expectations of conventional mainstream theories is Emmanuel's theory of \"unequal exchange\" (Emmanuel, 1972). However, in its original form, the theory has been subjected to various criticisms and tried to be developed. In response to the criticism that the theory is based on price and wage differences (Subasat, 2013), an approach based on international technical/organic composition and productivity differences in a more structural manner has been developed (Carchedi and Roberts, 2021). The aim of this study is to review Turkey's trade relations and point out some problems using this new approach. As the first study to apply this new approach to Turkey to our knowledge, it differs from previous unequal exchange studies (Somel, 2003; Dağıstan, 2015). Methodology- The data subject to the analysis in the study were obtained by following the methodology applied in the study of Carchedi and Roberts (2021). In the analysis based on Turkey's international trade, five developed countries that are important in Turkey's trade in the long-run were selected and a sample was obtained. In the study, graphical analysis and time series methods were applied as in the study of Carchedi and Roberts (2021). Findings- As a result of this study, in which five countries that are important in Turkey's long-term international trade are analyzed, the findings indicate that there are important value transfers in Turkey's trade, especially with developed countries. Changes in the terms and conditions of this transfer of value need to be examined and should be one of the crucial factors in considering trade policy. Conclusion- Discussion about trade policy usually revolve around trade balance. However, trade balance does not appear to be a sufficient criterion when evaluating trade policies because unequal exchange is a different concept than trade balance. Consideration of value transfers through unequal exchange should also be considered. In addition, the findings indicate that the level of technology has a decisive role in unequal exchange relations. Keywords: International trade, unequal exchange, globalization, technology, international political economy JEL Codes: D46, F63, F13","PeriodicalId":15124,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business","volume":"370 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135250237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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