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MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS OF GLOBAL UNCERTAINTY IN THE TURKISH ECONOMY 全球不确定性对土耳其经济的宏观经济影响
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1765
Cemil Varlik
Purpose- In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effects of global uncertainty shocks on the macroeconomic variables of the Turkish economy. Methodology- In the study, the global world uncertainty index (WUI) constructed by Ahir et al. (2022) is used as an indicator of global uncertainty. A structural auto regressive (SVAR) model is established, which includes five variables (global uncertainty indicator, economic growth rate, inflation rate, unemployment rate, and interest rate). In addition, three real variables representing economic activity (real consumption, real investment and real bank loans) are substituted for unemployment rate in the model, respectively. The data set covers the period 2003Q1-2020Q1. Findings- According to the findings of impulse response and variance decomposition analyses, real GDP growth, real consumption growth, real investment growth and real credit growth react negatively and significantly to an increase in global uncertainty. On the other hand, inflation rate, unemployment rate and interest rate respond positively and significantly to an increase in global uncertainty. These results prove that a global uncertainty shock creates the similar effects of a negative supply shock on the Turkish economy. In addition, the robustness of the findings is checked using the global economic policy uncertainty (GEPU) index developed by Baker et al. (2016). Conclusion- In the light of these findings, it can be suggested that the negative effects of global uncertainty shocks on domestic macroeconomic indicators should be mitigated through monetary and fiscal policies. Keywords: Global uncertainty, structural VAR, economic growth, inflation, unemployment JEL Codes: C32, E30, F40
目的-在本研究中,旨在调查全球不确定性冲击对土耳其经济宏观经济变量的影响。方法-在本研究中,使用Ahir等人(2022)构建的全球世界不确定性指数(WUI)作为全球不确定性的指标。建立了包含全球不确定性指标、经济增长率、通货膨胀率、失业率和利率5个变量的结构自回归(SVAR)模型。另外,用三个代表经济活动的真实变量(实际消费、实际投资和实际银行贷款)分别代替模型中的失业率。数据集涵盖2003年第一季度至2020年第一季度。研究结果-根据脉冲响应和方差分解分析的结果,实际GDP增长、实际消费增长、实际投资增长和实际信贷增长对全球不确定性的增加产生显著的负反应。另一方面,通货膨胀率、失业率和利率对全球不确定性的增加作出积极而显著的反应。这些结果证明,全球不确定性冲击对土耳其经济产生了与负面供应冲击相似的影响。此外,使用Baker等人(2016)开发的全球经济政策不确定性(GEPU)指数来检查研究结果的稳健性。结论-根据这些发现,可以建议通过货币和财政政策来减轻全球不确定性冲击对国内宏观经济指标的负面影响。关键词:全球不确定性,结构性VAR,经济增长,通胀,失业JEL代码:C32, E30, F40
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE SELECTION OF THE SITE-LOCATION FOR HEALTH FREE ZONE IN TURKIYE 土耳其卫生自由区选址影响因素分析
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1748
Cemal Yilmaz
Purpose- The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the factors affecting the location selection for Health Free Zone in Turkey if established. Since 1980’s various transformations are experienced in health sector worldwide with the effects of global neo-liberal policies. New products, new methods, and new markets are emerged. Health tourism and Health Free Zones (SASEB) are at the forefront of these developments. First, the health tourism entered the world agenda in 1990s, and since the 2000s, Health Free Zones have followed this trend. The Health Free Zone project attracts the attention of many countries that want to get a big share from the global health tourism market, to attract foreign direct investments (FDI), to benefit from technology transfer, to increase health quality and standards, to exchange information and experience, and to attract specialist physicians and health personnel. United Arab Emirates was the first country in the world to realize this project in 2002, and in the following years, China, South Korea, Indonesia and Nigeria started the implementation steps, and countries such as Turkey and India could not continue despite their rapid start. Although the Health Free Zone project, which came to the fore in Turkey in 2010, aroused great excitement in the whole country, the project could not be realized. With the change of the minister and senior bureaucrats of the period, the interest of the government in SASEB project decreased. Although attempts have been made by the private sector in various provinces, no results have been achieved until today. Methodology- In this study, an answer has been sought to the question of what are the factors that affect the selection of the location for SASEB. The study was conducted with a sample group consisting of those working in the health sector or related fields in Turkey. A total of 518 persons have participated in the study, in which a 5-point Likert scale and quantitative method was used. Parametric analyses were carried out with the data obtained from the remaining 491 individuals, after subtracting 27 units from the data, which hindered the normal distribution of the data. Frequency charts of demographic data belonging to the sample group were drawn by using SPSS v.23, and the obtained data were also subjected to t-test and ANOVA analysis. Findings- The analysis reveals that the majority of the sample group confirmed that Istanbul (89,6%), Izmir (88,4%), Antalya (87,3%) and Ankara (83,9%) were the most appropriate provinces for the SASEB project. The strategic situation of the location has a significant impact on the decision processes (92,3%), followed by other factors such as the availability of transportation facilities (91,7%) and the availability of airport facilty in the region (90,1%). Conclusion- Based upon the analyisis, it has been revealed that Istanbul is the most appropriate city for SASEB project, due to its sea, airport, road accessibility and other infra
目的-本研究的目的是调查和分析影响土耳其卫生自由区选址的因素,如果建立。自1980年代以来,在全球新自由主义政策的影响下,世界各地的卫生部门经历了各种转变。新产品、新方法、新市场不断涌现。保健旅游和卫生自由区(SASEB)处于这些发展的前沿。首先,健康旅游在20世纪90年代进入世界议程,自2000年代以来,卫生自由区也紧随其后。卫生自由区项目吸引了许多国家的注意,这些国家希望从全球卫生旅游市场中获得很大份额,吸引外国直接投资,从技术转让中受益,提高卫生质量和标准,交流信息和经验,并吸引专业医生和卫生人员。阿联酋于2002年成为世界上第一个实现该项目的国家,随后几年,中国、韩国、印度尼西亚和尼日利亚开始了实施步骤,土耳其和印度等国虽然起步迅速,但却无法继续下去。卫生自由区项目于2010年在土耳其出现,虽然在全国引起了极大的兴奋,但该项目未能实现。随着这一时期部长和高级官员的更替,政府对SASEB项目的兴趣有所下降。虽然私营部门在各省进行了尝试,但直到今天还没有取得任何成果。方法-在本研究中,寻求了影响SASEB选址的因素是什么这一问题的答案。这项研究是在一个由土耳其卫生部门或相关领域工作人员组成的抽样小组进行的。本研究共518人参与,采用李克特5分量表和定量方法。对剩余的491个个体的数据进行参数化分析,在数据中减去27个单位,阻碍数据的正态分布。采用SPSS v.23软件绘制样本组人口统计数据的频率图,并对所得数据进行t检验和方差分析。调查结果-分析显示,大多数样本组确认伊斯坦布尔(89,6%),伊兹密尔(88,4%),安塔利亚(87,3%)和安卡拉(83,9%)是SASEB项目最合适的省份。地理位置的战略形势对决策过程有显著影响(92.3%),其次是其他因素,如交通设施的可用性(91.7%)和该地区机场设施的可用性(90.1%)。结论-根据分析,伊斯坦布尔是SASEB项目最合适的城市,因为它的海洋,机场,道路可达性和其他基础设施的可能性,其次是İzmir。关键词:保税区,sağlık serbest bölgesi,医疗旅游,SASEB,健康旅游JEL代码:I11, N22, M21
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the sustainability of party logistics service providers with failure modes and effects analysis method: its application in a company 基于失效模式和影响分析方法的第三方物流服务商可持续性评价:在某公司中的应用
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1817
Aysenur Erdil
Purpose- The purpose of this research is to increase customer satisfaction and business performance in the sector to eliminate failure situations of the processing phases of the departments of the business and to develop the quality of the system. The objective of this research is to enhance customer satisfaction and business performance by addressing and eliminating failure situations in the processing phases of the business departments and improving the quality of the system. To achieve this, the study focuses on evaluating third-party and fourth-party logistics service providers in the context of sustainability. While there are existing approaches to evaluate party logistics under general headings, there is a lack of specific studies focusing on companies operating in a single field. Therefore, this study aims to fill that gap by examining the business evaluation criteria of third-party and fourth-party logistics service providers for a white goods company in Turkey. Methodology- During the research, the concept of third-party logistics has gained attention within the scope of sustainability, the competition among organizations providing this service has become more intense, as have customer expectations. The research utilizes Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Pareto Analysis (PA) to assess the sustainability of the supply chain and batch logistics for the company. Findings- As a result of the research, the findings in the direction of quality improvement-development within the scope of the service provided by the business are presented. The initial phase of process enhancement for logistics operations begins with the FMEA results. Development initiatives may begin if improvement initiatives are maintained. Development activities and resources ought to be distributed in accordance with this level of priority with regard to the first work that has to be performed to enhance the process. Conclusion- All risk considerations might not be realized inside a particular process since there are only a limited number of possibilities to be assigned for enhancement prosperity. By conducting risk prevention studies in accordance with the priorities that will be decided upon each period, it is intended to produce continuous improvement. Overall, while it may not be possible to address every risk, prioritizing risks and conducting risk prevention studies can help organizations achieve continuous improvement and increase their chances of success. Keywords: Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Pareto Analysis (PA), party logistics, quality, supply chain, sustainability. JEL Codes: 030, N01, L15, L21, L84
目的-本研究的目的是提高该部门的客户满意度和业务绩效,以消除业务部门处理阶段的故障情况,并发展系统的质量。本研究的目的是通过解决和消除业务部门处理阶段的故障情况,提高系统质量,提高客户满意度和业务绩效。为了实现这一目标,本研究侧重于在可持续性背景下评估第三方和第四方物流服务提供商。虽然现有的方法可以在一般标题下评估当事人物流,但缺乏针对在单一领域经营的公司的具体研究。因此,本研究旨在填补这一空白,通过检查第三方和第四方物流服务提供商的业务评价标准,为一家白色家电公司在土耳其。方法论——在研究过程中,第三方物流的概念在可持续发展的范围内得到了关注,提供这种服务的组织之间的竞争变得更加激烈,客户的期望也越来越高。本研究利用失效模式和影响分析(FMEA)和帕累托分析(PA)来评估公司的供应链和批量物流的可持续性。调查结果-作为研究的结果,提出了在业务提供的服务范围内的质量改进和发展方向的调查结果。物流操作过程改进的初始阶段从FMEA结果开始。如果改进计划得到维护,开发计划就可以开始。发展活动和资源应当按照这种优先级别来分配,这是为了加强这一进程而必须进行的第一项工作。结论-所有的风险考虑可能不会在一个特定的过程中实现,因为只有有限数量的可能性被分配到增强繁荣。根据将在每个时期决定的优先事项进行风险预防研究,目的是不断改进。总的来说,虽然不可能处理每一个风险,但确定风险的优先级并进行风险预防研究可以帮助组织实现持续改进并增加成功的机会。关键词:失效模式与影响分析(FMEA)、帕累托分析(PA)、当事人物流、质量、供应链、可持续性。JEL代码:030,N01, L15, L21, L84
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引用次数: 0
The role of real earnings management in the value relevance of accounting information in Indonesia 真实盈余管理在印尼会计信息价值相关性中的作用
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1816
Ratnaningrum Ratnaningrum
Purpose- One feature that should be integrated in financial statements to be relevant to decision-makers is the relevance of the information to the users. When the value and usefulness of accounting information used to gauge business financial performance are undermined by earnings management methods, problems arise. As a result, the information presented may deceive financial statement users about the corporation's financial performance. Because IFRS demands managerial judgment in the accounting process by definition, its adoption may even increase the chance for real earnings management (REM). This study aims to examine the impact of REM to the value relevance of accounting information before and after IFRS adoption. Methodology- The population was manufacturing companies listed on the IDX, with samples 230 firm year observations consists of one hundred fifteen firms year before adoption of IFRS and one hundred fifteen firms year after IFRS adoption. this study used firms’ abnormal levels of cash flows, production costs, and discretionary expenditures as proxies for real earnings management. Using a price model and panel data, the main result confirms that real-based earnings management has an impact on the value relevance of earnings and book value of equity before IFRS adoption, but has no effect after IFRS adoption. Findings- The findings revealed that prior to the adoption of IFRS, real earnings management was employed by companies that had higher earnings value relevance and lower equity book value relevance than companies that did not apply earnings management. After the adoption of IFRS, there is no significant effect of real earnings management on the value relevance of earnings and equity book value. Conclusion- The results show that investors believe that earnings are a signal from managers with the implementation of real earnings management prior to the adoption of IFRS, but after the adoption IFRS, they may not be able to do so. Keywords: Real earnings management, value relevance, accounting information, earnings, equity book value, JEL Codes: M40, M41, M49
目的-财务报表中与决策者相关的一个特征是信息与使用者的相关性。当用于衡量企业财务绩效的会计信息的价值和有用性被盈余管理方法破坏时,问题就出现了。因此,所提供的信息可能会在公司的财务业绩上欺骗财务报表使用者。由于IFRS从定义上要求在会计过程中进行管理判断,因此采用它甚至可能增加实际盈余管理(REM)的机会。本研究旨在探讨采用国际财务报告准则前后REM对会计信息价值相关性的影响。方法-研究对象为在IDX上市的制造业公司,样本为230家公司年度观察结果,包括采用国际财务报告准则前一年的115家公司和采用国际财务报告准则后一年的115家公司。本研究使用企业的异常水平现金流,生产成本和可自由支配的支出作为实际盈余管理的代理。使用价格模型和面板数据,主要结果证实,在采用国际财务报告准则之前,基于真实的盈余管理对盈余和权益账面价值的价值相关性有影响,但在采用国际财务报告准则之后没有影响。调查结果-调查结果显示,在采用国际财务报告准则之前,与未采用盈余管理的公司相比,具有较高盈余价值相关性和较低权益账面价值相关性的公司采用了真实盈余管理。采用国际财务报告准则后,真实盈余管理对盈余与权益账面价值的价值相关性没有显著影响。结论-结果表明,在采用国际财务报告准则之前,投资者认为盈余是管理者实施真实盈余管理的信号,但在采用国际财务报告准则之后,他们可能无法做到这一点。关键词:真实盈余管理,价值相关性,会计信息,盈余,权益账面价值,JEL代码:M40, M41, M49
{"title":"The role of real earnings management in the value relevance of accounting information in Indonesia","authors":"Ratnaningrum Ratnaningrum","doi":"10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1816","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose- One feature that should be integrated in financial statements to be relevant to decision-makers is the relevance of the information to the users. When the value and usefulness of accounting information used to gauge business financial performance are undermined by earnings management methods, problems arise. As a result, the information presented may deceive financial statement users about the corporation's financial performance. Because IFRS demands managerial judgment in the accounting process by definition, its adoption may even increase the chance for real earnings management (REM). This study aims to examine the impact of REM to the value relevance of accounting information before and after IFRS adoption. Methodology- The population was manufacturing companies listed on the IDX, with samples 230 firm year observations consists of one hundred fifteen firms year before adoption of IFRS and one hundred fifteen firms year after IFRS adoption. this study used firms’ abnormal levels of cash flows, production costs, and discretionary expenditures as proxies for real earnings management. Using a price model and panel data, the main result confirms that real-based earnings management has an impact on the value relevance of earnings and book value of equity before IFRS adoption, but has no effect after IFRS adoption. Findings- The findings revealed that prior to the adoption of IFRS, real earnings management was employed by companies that had higher earnings value relevance and lower equity book value relevance than companies that did not apply earnings management. After the adoption of IFRS, there is no significant effect of real earnings management on the value relevance of earnings and equity book value. Conclusion- The results show that investors believe that earnings are a signal from managers with the implementation of real earnings management prior to the adoption of IFRS, but after the adoption IFRS, they may not be able to do so. Keywords: Real earnings management, value relevance, accounting information, earnings, equity book value, JEL Codes: M40, M41, M49","PeriodicalId":15124,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business","volume":"440 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136342848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE IMPACT OF SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER ON GREEN CRYPTOCURRENCIES 季节性情感失调对绿色加密货币的影响
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1773
Zeliha Can Ergun
Purpose- Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) which arises during the winter when there are fewer daylight hours is a form of the major depressive disease. SAD affects most of the financial markets. Since there is scarce research on the relationship between SAD and cryptocurrency returns, this study is aimed to examine the impact of SAD on green cryptocurrencies. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the relationship between SAD and the returns of green cryptocurrencies, so the study is expected to fill the gap in the related literature. Methodology- Cardano (ADA), Tron (TRX), and Stellar (XLM) are considered for the analysis, which covers the period spanning from January 2018 to March 2023. The multiple regression model has been implemented by including dummies for autumn, Mondays, and tax-loss selling. A specific location must be specified for the latitude information to determine how many hours are spent at night. The latitude of New York City is considered for that calculation because the majority of cryptocurrency users are concentrated in the USA. Findings- The findings demonstrate that the SAD, autumn, Monday, and tax-loss selling effects have no impact on green cryptocurrencies. Due to the worldwide spread of cryptocurrency investors, these effects are probably mitigated. Conclusion- According to the results, arbitrageurs are unable to benefit from generating abnormal returns using seasonal return patterns. Future studies might use non-linear techniques, change the location that is considered when calculating latitude, and include more cryptocurrencies in their examinations. Keywords: Seasonal affective disorder, cryptocurrencies, green finance, behavioral finance, anomalies. JEL Codes: G10, G40, G41
目的:季节性情绪失调症(SAD)是一种严重的抑郁症,发生在白昼时间较短的冬季。SAD影响了大多数金融市场。由于关于SAD与加密货币回报之间关系的研究很少,因此本研究旨在研究SAD对绿色加密货币的影响。据作者所知,这是第一个调查SAD与绿色加密货币回报之间关系的研究,因此该研究有望填补相关文献的空白。方法-分析考虑了Cardano (ADA), Tron (TRX)和Stellar (XLM),涵盖了2018年1月至2023年3月的时间段。多元回归模型通过包括秋季、周一和税收损失销售的假人来实现。必须为纬度信息指定一个特定的位置,以确定夜间花费多少小时。该计算考虑了纽约市的纬度,因为大多数加密货币用户集中在美国。研究结果表明,SAD、秋季、周一和税收损失抛售效应对绿色加密货币没有影响。由于加密货币投资者遍布全球,这些影响可能会减轻。结论-根据结果,套利者无法从使用季节性回报模式产生的异常回报中获益。未来的研究可能会使用非线性技术,改变计算纬度时考虑的位置,并在他们的研究中包括更多的加密货币。关键词:季节性情感失调,加密货币,绿色金融,行为金融,异常。JEL代码:G10, G40, G41
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER ON GREEN CRYPTOCURRENCIES","authors":"Zeliha Can Ergun","doi":"10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1773","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose- Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) which arises during the winter when there are fewer daylight hours is a form of the major depressive disease. SAD affects most of the financial markets. Since there is scarce research on the relationship between SAD and cryptocurrency returns, this study is aimed to examine the impact of SAD on green cryptocurrencies. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the relationship between SAD and the returns of green cryptocurrencies, so the study is expected to fill the gap in the related literature. Methodology- Cardano (ADA), Tron (TRX), and Stellar (XLM) are considered for the analysis, which covers the period spanning from January 2018 to March 2023. The multiple regression model has been implemented by including dummies for autumn, Mondays, and tax-loss selling. A specific location must be specified for the latitude information to determine how many hours are spent at night. The latitude of New York City is considered for that calculation because the majority of cryptocurrency users are concentrated in the USA. Findings- The findings demonstrate that the SAD, autumn, Monday, and tax-loss selling effects have no impact on green cryptocurrencies. Due to the worldwide spread of cryptocurrency investors, these effects are probably mitigated. Conclusion- According to the results, arbitrageurs are unable to benefit from generating abnormal returns using seasonal return patterns. Future studies might use non-linear techniques, change the location that is considered when calculating latitude, and include more cryptocurrencies in their examinations. Keywords: Seasonal affective disorder, cryptocurrencies, green finance, behavioral finance, anomalies. JEL Codes: G10, G40, G41","PeriodicalId":15124,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136272366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
UNDERSTANDING EXPERIMENT-BASED SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP LITERATURE 理解基于实验的社会创业文献
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1771
Nurgul Keles Taysir
Purpose- This study aims to analyze experimental methodology-based publications in social entrepreneurship, offering insights for researchers planning to undertake investigations in this area. Methodology- A thorough content analysis was conducted on 39 articles related to social entrepreneurship research. These articles, which employed experimental design, were identified through comprehensive searches of the ISI and Scopus databases. Findings- The findings reveal a growing interest in experimental design within social entrepreneurship research, focusing on topics such as donation and funding, sonsumer attitudes and behavior, intention and motivation and education and training. Conclusion- This study contributes to a better understanding of the experimental design research landscape in social entrepreneurship, emphasizing the need for continued investigation and methodological advancements. Future research should address identified gaps and opportunities, such as the exploration of novel experimental techniques and the application of interdisciplinary perspectives to further enrich our understanding of social entrepreneurship. Keywords: Social entrepreneurship, experimental design, content analysis JEL Codes: L26, C90, A13
目的-本研究旨在分析社会企业家精神中基于实验方法的出版物,为计划在该领域进行调查的研究人员提供见解。方法:对39篇与社会企业家研究相关的文章进行了全面的内容分析。这些采用实验设计的文章是通过ISI和Scopus数据库的综合搜索确定的。调查结果——调查结果显示,社会创业研究中对实验设计的兴趣日益浓厚,重点关注捐赠和资金、消费者态度和行为、意图和动机以及教育和培训等主题。结论-本研究有助于更好地理解社会企业家的实验设计研究景观,强调了继续调查和方法进步的必要性。未来的研究应解决已发现的差距和机会,如探索新的实验技术和应用跨学科的观点,以进一步丰富我们对社会企业家精神的理解。关键词:社会创业,实验设计,内容分析JEL代码:L26, C90, A13
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引用次数: 0
ESG RATINGS AND THE INVESTOR DECISION-MAKING PROCESS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RATING AGENCIES DATA AND ITS EFFECT ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE Esg评级与投资者决策过程:评级机构数据的比较分析及其对财务绩效的影响
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1772
Miray Tabur
Purpose- The purpose of this study is to engage in scholarly research in order to examine the correlation between environmental, social, and governance performance (ESGP) and financial performance (FP) across various industries. The aim is to enhance the overall comprehension of how variations in ESG scores from two rating agencies can potentially impact the relationship between ESGP and FP. Methodology- This study undertakes a comparative and descriptive analysis of panel data comprising 464 companies operating in environmentally sensitive sectors worldwide. The dataset covers the period from 2011 to 2020 and incorporates ESG ratings from Bloomberg and Refinitiv databases, as well as the financial performance metric return on assets (ROA) sourced exclusively from Refinitiv covering the times series of 2012 to 2021. Findings- According to our research, there is evidence of a relationship between ESG scores and return on assets (ROA), with distinct correlations depending on the rating agencies employed. Specifically, Refinitiv ESG scores demonstrate a negative correlation with ROA, while Bloomberg ESG scores reveal a positive correlation. Additionally, our study highlights a positive correlation specifically between the Bloomberg environmental score and ROA. Conclusion- Previous scholarly studies have already established a correlation between the level of information disclosure displayed by corporations and the aforementioned matter being investigated. However, our research suggests that the varying findings documented in existing academic papers may also stem from the utilization of ESG score data sourced from various rating agencies. Keywords: ESG performance, financial performance, ROA, panel data analysis, rating agencies JEL Codes: Q56, G24, C33
目的-本研究的目的是进行学术研究,以检验不同行业的环境、社会和治理绩效(ESGP)与财务绩效(FP)之间的相关性。其目的是增强对两家评级机构的ESG评分差异如何可能影响ESGP和FP之间关系的整体理解。方法-本研究对全球464家环境敏感行业公司的面板数据进行了比较和描述性分析。该数据集涵盖2011年至2020年期间,包括彭博和路孚特数据库的ESG评级,以及2012年至2021年期间由路孚特独家提供的财务绩效指标资产回报率(ROA)。研究结果-根据我们的研究,有证据表明ESG得分与资产回报率(ROA)之间存在关系,根据所采用的评级机构的不同,存在明显的相关性。具体而言,Refinitiv ESG得分与ROA呈负相关,而Bloomberg ESG得分则呈正相关。此外,我们的研究特别强调了彭博环境得分与ROA之间的正相关关系。结论-先前的学术研究已经建立了公司信息披露水平与上述正在调查的事项之间的相关性。然而,我们的研究表明,现有学术论文中记录的不同发现也可能源于对来自不同评级机构的ESG评分数据的使用。关键词:ESG绩效,财务绩效,资产回报率,面板数据分析,评级机构JEL代码:Q56, G24, C33
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引用次数: 0
INVESTMENT BEHAVIOUR AND RISK PERCEPTION: AN ANALYSIS FOR TURKISH MARKET 投资行为与风险认知:对土耳其市场的分析
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1778
Dilek Teker, Suat Teker, Esin Demirel
Purpose- The cognitive comprehension of financial indicators, risk aversion, risk perception, and investment behavior is defined as financial literacy. It's possible that a variety of characteristics, such as gender, age, income level, social standing, education, etc., will affect an investor's behavior. The purpose of this study is to highlight the behavior of investors in Turkish capital markets. The analysis is done on the results of two surveys, the first conducted in the fourth quarter of 2022 and the second in the first quarter of 2023. Methodology- This study's objective is to highlight investor behavior and risk perception in Turkish financial markets. In the most recent two consecutive quarters, the results of two surveys are analyzed and compared. Three sections comprise the surveys. A demographic question is asked in the first section. The second section asks questions concerning investment behavior, signs of financial stress, and confidence in regard to one's financial literacy. The final aspect contributes to the analysis of what people think of the Bitcoin market. In this study, Graphic analysis, Cronbach Alpha, Normality, and Mann-Whitney U tests are performed, respectively. First, the graphical analysis of the selected questions is made. Based on these graphs, the similarities and differences between the surveys are shown. Second, The reliability test is applied to the selected questions for the statistical modeling of the analysis. This test is determined as the Cronbach Alpha test. Third, the Normality test is applied to reveal which test to use in the next step. Two different tests are used for this analysis. These are the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Fourth, the Mann-Whitney U test is applied. At this stage, firstly, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon W test statistics are examined. The ranks are calculated for each variable. Finally, the Mann-Whitney U test is applied, and the results are interpreted. Fifth, The results of the two surveys are compared. Findings- The findings show both similarities and differences among numerous variables. For instance, holding time is defined as the amount of time an investor holds an investment or as the time between purchasing it and selling it. Investors' risk aversion and financial literacy both influence the holding period. Riskier assets force investors to adjust their purchase or sell actions dynamically. The results show various portfolio diversification behaviours. While men prefer to start with foreign currency investments, women are more interested in making gold investments. Also, middle-aged investors invest more in cryptocurrencies and take more risks than younger investors. Conclusion- based upon the analysis, findings it may be concluded that respondents do differ in their investment preferences and risk-taking over the years. The findings show various portfolio diversification behaviors. While men prefer to invest in foreign currency, women are more interested in purch
目的——对财务指标、风险规避、风险感知和投资行为的认知理解被定义为金融素养。各种各样的特征,如性别、年龄、收入水平、社会地位、教育程度等,都有可能影响投资者的行为。本研究的目的是突出投资者在土耳其资本市场的行为。该分析是根据2022年第四季度和2023年第一季度分别进行的两次调查结果得出的。方法-本研究的目的是突出投资者的行为和风险认知在土耳其金融市场。在最近连续两个季度,对两次调查的结果进行分析和比较。调查由三个部分组成。第一部分提出了一个人口统计学问题。第二部分询问有关投资行为的问题,财务压力的迹象,以及对个人金融素养的信心。最后一个方面有助于分析人们对比特币市场的看法。本研究分别采用图形分析、Cronbach Alpha检验、正态性检验和Mann-Whitney U检验。首先,对所选问题进行图形化分析。根据这些图表,显示了调查之间的相似点和不同点。其次,对所选问题进行信度检验,进行分析的统计建模。这个检验被确定为Cronbach Alpha检验。第三,应用正态性测试来揭示下一步要使用哪个测试。该分析使用了两种不同的测试。这是Kolmogorov-Smirnov和Shapiro-Wilk测试。第四,采用Mann-Whitney U检验。在这一阶段,首先检验Mann-Whitney U和Wilcoxon W检验统计量。为每个变量计算排名。最后运用Mann-Whitney U检验,并对结果进行了解释。第五,比较了两项调查的结果。调查结果-调查结果显示了许多变量之间的相似性和差异性。例如,持有时间被定义为投资者持有投资的时间或购买和出售投资之间的时间。投资者的风险规避和金融素养都会影响持股期限。风险较高的资产迫使投资者动态调整他们的买入或卖出行为。结果显示了不同的投资组合多元化行为。男性更喜欢从外汇投资开始,而女性对黄金投资更感兴趣。此外,中年投资者比年轻投资者更多地投资加密货币,承担更多风险。结论-根据分析,发现它可以得出结论,受访者在他们的投资偏好和风险承担不同,多年来。研究结果显示了不同的投资组合多元化行为。男性更喜欢投资外汇,而女性对购买黄金更感兴趣。关键词:投资者行为,风险感知,加密货币市场,比特币,Mann-Whitney U检验JEL代码:G1, G4, C4
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引用次数: 0
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS IN E-EXPORT: TURKIYE ANALYSIS 人工智能在电子出口中的应用:土耳其分析
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1769
Koray Barut
Purpose- The purpose of this study is to analyzes will be made about how artificial intelligence applications in e-export and how it will affect Turkey's export capacity and productivity with the innovations it will bring in the context of technology. It is researched how e-export can play a more active role with artificial intelligence in the context of public, private sector and individuals. Methodology- The methodology of the study will be analyzed through literature review and secondary data. Based on the analysis, grouping (topic and keywords) clustering will be emphasized and interpreted. The study was made in the form of compilation from different sources. Findings- The analysis reveals that the secondary data analysis, based on artificial intelligence and big data are evaluated, the countries with which Turkey cooperates in e-export are European, Asian and African countries. It is seen that the transactions made with these countries based on artificial intelligence, they can be considered as subjects that need to be studied because they are mostly new technologies. When the subject of e-export and artificial intelligence is examined by countries, its place and strategic importance in international trade can be seen. This situation occupies an important place especially in terms of Turkey's e-export. Conclusion- Based upon the analysis findings it may be concluded that It has been seen that the cooperation of academia and private sector is important in the applications of artificial intelligence in e-export, especially in applications in Turkey. Turkey's e-export performance is contributed by public policies and especially by the systems developed by the Ministry of Commerce to make exporters easier and more efficient transactions by giving importance to this area. As a result of these practices, it is aimed that there will be an increase in Turkey's total export figures and significant positive effects on the current account deficit and the ratio of imports to exports. The increase in the use of artificial intelligence in e-export accelerates efficiency and transactions. In the study, it is stated that the cooperation between the public and private sector and artificial intelligence applications in e-export have a high importance in Turkey. Keywords: E-export, Artificial Intelligence, Easy Export Platform, Ministry of Commerce, Secondary Data Analysis JEL Codes: A10, B22, F10
目的-本研究的目的是分析人工智能在电子出口中的应用,以及它将如何影响土耳其的出口能力和生产力,以及它将在技术背景下带来的创新。研究了电子出口如何在公共、私营部门和个人的背景下发挥更积极的作用。方法-研究的方法将通过文献综述和二手数据进行分析。在分析的基础上,对分组(主题和关键词)聚类进行强调和解释。这项研究是以汇编不同资料来源的形式进行的。调查结果-分析显示,基于人工智能和大数据的二次数据分析进行评估,土耳其在电子出口方面合作的国家是欧洲,亚洲和非洲国家。可以看出,与这些国家进行的基于人工智能的交易,可以被视为需要研究的课题,因为它们大多是新技术。当各国审视电子出口和人工智能这一主题时,可以看出其在国际贸易中的地位和战略重要性。这种情况在土耳其的电子出口方面占有重要地位。结论-根据分析结果,可以得出结论,学术界和私营部门的合作对于人工智能在电子出口中的应用非常重要,特别是在土耳其的应用。土耳其的电子出口业绩得益于公共政策,特别是商务部开发的系统,通过重视这一领域,使出口商更容易和更有效地进行交易。由于这些做法,其目的是增加土耳其的出口总额,并对经常帐户赤字和进出口比率产生重大的积极影响。电子出口中使用人工智能的增加提高了效率和交易。在研究中指出,公共和私营部门之间的合作以及电子出口中的人工智能应用在土耳其具有很高的重要性。关键词:电子出口,人工智能,易出口平台,商务部,二次数据分析JEL代码:A10, B22, F10
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引用次数: 0
EVALUATION OF DIGITALIZATION WITHIN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE 战略管理视角下的数字化评估
Q2 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.17261/pressacademia.2023.1803
Bahattin Gokhan Topal, Egehan Ozkan Alakas, Ayse Atabey
Purpose- In the light of the information mentioned above, in the current study, it is aimed to evaluate digitalization, which is an important element for businesses, from a strategic management perspective. Methodology- The research carried out has a qualitative characteristic. A qualitative study was carried out in the light of the information given and document review. In the study, reviews were presented using the document review method. Literature, reports and archives related to the concepts of digitalization and strategic management were searched. A profile has been created on the impact of digitalization on strategic management decisions. Findings- There is an increase in the productivity of the enterprise due to the transformation in the business processes to be realized in the light of the relevant developments. It is more possible for businesses where digitalization is intensely felt to gain competitive advantage, to access new markets and to stand out. Conclusion- In the light of these developments, it is aimed to increase the flexibility of enterprises and awareness of digital transformation by revealing the importance, scope and qualifications of digitalization in terms of strategic management. Keywords: Strategic management, digitalization, organizational management, digital business strategy JEL Codes: M10, M11, O30
目的-根据上述信息,在当前的研究中,它旨在从战略管理的角度来评估数字化,这是企业的一个重要因素。方法论-所进行的研究具有定性特征。根据所提供的资料和审查的文件,进行了定性研究。本研究采用文献综述法进行综述。检索了与数字化和战略管理概念相关的文献、报告和档案。关于数字化对战略管理决策的影响的概要文件已经创建。调查结果-由于业务流程的转变要根据相关的发展来实现,因此企业的生产力有所提高。对数字化感觉强烈的企业来说,更有可能获得竞争优势,进入新市场并脱颖而出。结论-鉴于这些发展,旨在通过揭示数字化在战略管理方面的重要性、范围和资格,提高企业的灵活性和数字化转型意识。关键词:战略管理,数字化,组织管理,数字化商业战略JEL代码:M10, M11, O30
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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