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On the Semantic Expansion of the Word “Change” among Yorùbá Speakers of English Bilinguals 论Yorùbá英语双语者“Change”一词的语义扩展
Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.37745/bjel.2013/vol11n12736
Omolade Bamigboye, J. A. Adeoye, Idris Olawale Allison
The paper investigates the semantic evolution that has characterised the word ‘change’ in the Yorùbá-English speech community. It undertakes this descriptive effort through pragmatic and sociolinguistic perspectives that give credence to the impact of widespread usage and acceptability on the semantic elasticity of particular words. Moving from the pedestrian and original financial-related meaning of the money given back when a customer hands over more that the exact price of an item, it has now assumed broader and more socially significant interpretations that may only be comprehensible to a certain class of the Yorùbá-English bilinguals who occupy South Western Nigeria. These contextual meanings are socially inclined and are largely influenced by a certain leaning that borders on the ‘membership’ of an undefined social group that consists of semi-literates in that particular subset of the Nigerian sociolinguistic environment. The paper concludes that the uses of ‘change’ in the aforementioned contexts present a valid case of gradual semantic expansion in the widespread use of some words.
本文研究了在Yorùbá-English语音社区中表征“变化”一词的语义演变。它从语用学和社会语言学的角度进行描述,以证明广泛使用和可接受性对特定词的语义弹性的影响。当顾客付的钱超过某件商品的确切价格时,就会给钱,这个词最初的含义是与金融相关的,现在它有了更广泛、更有社会意义的解释,可能只有居住在尼日利亚西南部的Yorùbá-English双语者中的某些阶层才能理解。这些语境意义具有社会倾向,并在很大程度上受到某种倾向的影响,这种倾向接近于尼日利亚社会语言学环境中由半文盲组成的未定义社会群体的“成员资格”。本文的结论是,“change”在上述语境中的使用是一些词汇在广泛使用中逐渐语义扩展的一个有效案例。
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引用次数: 0
English: The Linguistic Alpha and Omega in Nigeria 英语:尼日利亚的语言阿尔法和欧米茄
Pub Date : 2022-05-15 DOI: 10.37745/bjel.2013/vol10n517
R. A. Foyewa
This paper observed the dominant role of English language in Nigeria. Various factors responsible for the spread and domination of the language in Nigerians’ lives were observed. These include; the multilingual nature of the country; the inability of the country to select a national language from the three indigenous languages (Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) or other minor languages; influence of the Western culture and attitudes of Nigerians towards the English language. The paper also discussed the various roles English language plays in Nigerian societies which make it dominates the indigenous languages in the country. English is both the official and the National language in Nigeria. It is the language of education, law, commerce and religion in the country. It is the language in which most activities are carried out. The writer concluded by recommending that the indigenous languages, especially the “three big”, should be promoted to the status of National language. A credit pass at O level in the indigenous languages should be made a criterion for admission into higher institutions of learning in the country. Otherwise, the values attached to the indigenous culture and traditions will be eroded; the incoming generation will have no indigenous languages to inherit but the English language.
本文观察了英语在尼日利亚的主导地位。对尼日利亚人生活中该语言的传播和统治负有责任的各种因素进行了观察。这些包括;这个国家的多语种性质;该国无法从三种土著语言(豪萨语、伊博语和约鲁巴语)或其他小语种中选择一种民族语言;西方文化的影响和尼日利亚人对英语的态度。本文还讨论了英语在尼日利亚社会中扮演的各种角色,这使得英语在该国的土著语言中占主导地位。英语是尼日利亚的官方语言和国语。它是该国教育、法律、商业和宗教的语言。大多数活动都是用英语进行的。最后,作者建议将土著语言,特别是“三大”语言提升到国家语言的地位。土著语言0级学分及格应作为进入该国高等院校学习的一项标准。否则,附属于土著文化和传统的价值将受到侵蚀;下一代除了英语没有本土语言可以继承。
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引用次数: 0
Social Media and Crisis Between the State and Secondary School Teachers in Cameroon: A Discourse Analysis of Telegram Messages and the Government Responses 社交媒体与喀麦隆国家与中学教师之间的危机:电报信息的话语分析与政府回应
Pub Date : 2022-05-15 DOI: 10.37745/bjel.2013/vol10n51425
Peniel Zaazra Nouhou
This study explores teachers’ discourses on Telegram during the strike launched by the movement “Enough is enough” or “On a Trop Supporté” in its French version. Secondary school teachers have been subject to the state’s manipulations and procrastinations since 2000. Some of the government announcements bearing expressions such as “On the high instructions from the Head of State”, “we will gradually solve the problems of teachers”, “ teachers are the best paid civil servants in Cameroon” just to postpone what they would have done before. Since then, the state kept feeding them with promises that are hardly fulfilled. As a matter of fact, the state continued to give them empty promises about their salary and special status. The issue resulted in the strike which began on February 21st, 2022 and is still going on. This study aims at investigating the linguistic power of some expressions used by the government in order to keep teachers in their poor working conditions. In addition, it investigates the teachers’ reactions towards the government dishonesty. Fairclough (1992, 1993, and 1995) CDA model helped in the process of data analysis. Data for this study is made up of 150 Telegram messages collected from secondary school teachers nationwide. Analysis unveiled that the government’s messages leaned on the slovenliness of English language to dodge the teachers’ requests.
本研究探讨了法语版“够了够了”或“on a Trop support”运动发起罢工期间教师在电报上的话语。自2000年以来,中学教师一直受到国家的操纵和拖延。一些政府公告带有诸如“在国家元首的高度指示下”、“我们将逐步解决教师问题”、“教师是喀麦隆收入最高的公务员”等措辞,只是为了推迟他们之前的行动。从那以后,国家不断向他们承诺,但这些承诺几乎没有兑现。事实上,国家继续给予他们关于工资和特殊地位的空洞承诺。这个问题导致了从2022年2月21日开始的罢工,目前仍在继续。本研究旨在探讨政府为维持教师的恶劣工作环境而使用的某些表达的语言力量。此外,调查了教师对政府不诚实行为的反应。Fairclough(1992,1993,1995)的CDA模型在数据分析过程中起到了帮助作用。这项研究的数据来自150封来自全国中学教师的电报。分析显示,政府的信息倾向于英语的不整洁,以回避教师的要求。
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引用次数: 2
Teaching Writing Courses through Online Education during COVID COVID期间通过在线教育教授写作课程
Pub Date : 2022-05-15 DOI: 10.37745/bjel.2013/vol10n5813
Khatmeh S. Elgoudman, Alhatim Odeh Sahmi
In its Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), it professes that Technology can adhere to Educational access to everyone, decrease the digital divide, supplement teachers with supporting aids, improve the quality of learning and the learner. With the current COVID situation, the teaching learning methodology has to be revamped. The present status of learning pedagogy among learners calls for immediate action. This demands a transition in the teaching and learning process. The face to face classroom teaching has been changed to online teaching. Students are no longer moving towards stationary buildings. They are immobile with technology transporting educational materials to their living rooms and bedrooms. This paper attempts to check whether Writing skill can be taught through online mode during this COVID crisis. A total of 300 students participated in the study. The main objective was to find out the effectiveness of teaching writing through online education. The findings revealed that the majority of students developed their writing skill to the proficiency level. The result of the study is that teachers can encourage students to learn writing through online mode and develop their proficiency level.
在其可持续发展目标4 (SDG 4)中,它声称技术可以坚持人人享有教育机会,缩小数字鸿沟,为教师提供辅助工具,提高学习质量和学习者。在当前新冠疫情形势下,教学方法必须进行改革。学习教学法在学习者中的现状需要立即采取行动。这就要求在教与学的过程中进行转变。面对面的课堂教学已经转变为网络教学。学生们不再搬到固定的建筑。科技将教育材料运送到他们的客厅和卧室,他们无法移动。本文试图验证在COVID危机期间,是否可以通过在线模式教授写作技能。共有300名学生参加了这项研究。主要目的是找出通过在线教育教学写作的有效性。调查结果显示,大多数学生的写作技巧达到了熟练水平。研究的结果是教师可以鼓励学生通过网络模式学习写作,提高他们的熟练程度。
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引用次数: 0
A Linguistic Revitalization of the Nubian Language: A Call for Action 努比亚语的语言复兴:行动呼吁
Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.37745/bjel.2013/vol10n42539
Osman Hassan Osman, Mahmoud Abuoaf
This study aims at revitalization of the Nubian language which is at the risk of morbidity. The Nubian language is spoken in the Northern Sudan and Sothern Egypt. The Nubian who live in the area speak two dialects of the language: Matoki (Andandi) and Fadicca. The researchers collected the date by using two tools; semi-structured interviews and focus group. The participants are members of social groups, Facebook and WhatsApp. The findings of the study reveal that the Nubian language, despite being in danger of extinction, is still being used and the possibility of maintaining and is high= since the Nubians are aware of its importance in constructing their identity and maintain their heritage. The study is significant as it contributes to the ethnic diversity in the Sudan and the nation solidarity which may help in prevailing peace all around the vast country of multilingual and multicultural groups. It also adds to the academia in field of sociolinguistics.
这项研究的目的是振兴努比亚语,这是在发病率的风险。努比亚语在苏丹北部和埃及南部使用。居住在该地区的努比亚人说两种方言:Matoki(安达迪语)和Fadicca。研究人员通过使用两种工具收集数据;半结构化访谈和焦点小组。参与者是社交团体、Facebook和WhatsApp的成员。这项研究的结果显示,努比亚语尽管有灭绝的危险,但仍在使用,而且保留的可能性很高,因为努比亚人意识到它对建立他们的身份和维护他们的遗产的重要性。这项研究具有重要意义,因为它有助于苏丹的种族多样性和民族团结,这可能有助于在这个拥有多种语言和多元文化群体的广大国家各地实现普遍和平。它也增加了社会语言学领域的学术界。
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引用次数: 0
Arab EFL Learners’ Writing Errors: A Contrastive Error Analysis Study 阿拉伯英语学习者写作错误的对比分析研究
Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.37745/bjel.2013/vol10n4117
Moustafa Mohamed Abdelmohsen
The present study delved into the impact of students' L1 (Arabic) morphosyntactic system on their L2 writing skills; the influence of Arabic socio-cultural and educational context (where students learn L2) on students’ writing; students’ attitude towards L2 writing and EFL teachers’ perceptions and interpretations of students' writing difficulties. The study was conducted in 8 public higher education institutions in Oman. The participants of the study were 598 Omani EFL students who studied at The General Foundation Program and 54 EFL teachers. The study was underpinned by two theories: transfer of learning theory (Thorndike & Woodworth, 1901) and interlanguage theory (Selinker, 1972). The conceptual framework was arrived at by employing two models, contrastive analysis (CA) and error analysis (EA). A mixed-methods approach was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data employing a questionnaire, semi-structured interview, and a writing test (essay writing). The findings revealed that students’ intralingual (L2 rules) errors were larger than their interlingual (L1 interference) errors. It was also found that students had a positive attitude towards L2 learning. Further, the teachers’ interviews confirmed that teachers were cognizant of students’ writing errors but they could not identify and determine the sources of those errors.
本研究探讨了学生的母语(阿拉伯语)形态句法系统对二语写作技能的影响;阿拉伯社会文化和教育背景(学生学习第二语言的地方)对学生写作的影响;学生对第二语言写作的态度和英语教师对学生写作困难的看法和解释。这项研究在阿曼的8所公立高等教育机构进行。研究对象为598名阿曼普通预科班的英语学生和54名英语教师。该研究以两种理论为基础:学习迁移理论(Thorndike & Woodworth, 1901)和中介语理论(Selinker, 1972)。采用对比分析(CA)和误差分析(EA)两种模型得出了概念框架。采用混合方法收集定量和定性数据,采用问卷调查、半结构化访谈和写作测试(论文写作)。结果显示,学生的语内(第二语言规则)错误大于语外(母语干扰)错误。研究还发现,学生对第二语言学习的态度是积极的。此外,教师的访谈证实,教师认识到学生的写作错误,但他们无法识别和确定这些错误的来源。
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引用次数: 2
The Learning Environment and Oral Proficiency: Exploring The Measures 学习环境与口语水平:探讨措施
Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.37745/bjel.2013/vol10n41824
Wenchao Li
This study aims at revitalization of the Nubian language which is at the risk of morbidity. The Nubian language is spoken in the Northern Sudan and Sothern Egypt. The Nubian who live in the area speak two dialects of the language: Matoki (Andandi) and Fadicca. The researchers collected the date by using two tools; semi-structured interviews and focus group. The participants are members of social groups, Facebook and WhatsApp. The findings of the study reveal that the Nubian language, despite being in danger of extinction, is still being used and the possibility of maintaining and is high= since the Nubians are aware of its importance in constructing their identity and maintain their heritage. The study is significant as it contributes to the ethnic diversity in the Sudan and the nation solidarity which may help in prevailing peace all around the vast country of multilingual and multicultural groups. It also adds to the academia in field of sociolinguistics.
这项研究的目的是振兴努比亚语,这是在发病率的风险。努比亚语在苏丹北部和埃及南部使用。居住在该地区的努比亚人说两种方言:Matoki(安达迪语)和Fadicca。研究人员通过使用两种工具收集数据;半结构化访谈和焦点小组。参与者是社交团体、Facebook和WhatsApp的成员。这项研究的结果显示,努比亚语尽管有灭绝的危险,但仍在使用,而且保留的可能性很高,因为努比亚人意识到它对建立他们的身份和维护他们的遗产的重要性。这项研究具有重要意义,因为它有助于苏丹的种族多样性和民族团结,这可能有助于在这个拥有多种语言和多元文化群体的广大国家各地实现普遍和平。它也增加了社会语言学领域的学术界。
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引用次数: 0
Academic Writing Difficulties Encountered by University EFL Learners 大学英语学习者的学术写作困难
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.37745/bjel.2013/vol10n3111
S. Aldabbus, E. Almansouri
The present study was conducted with the aim to discover the major difficulties encountered by some university students in academic writing. It also aimed to find out the factors that hinder their academic writing skills. 36 students majoring in English at the Faculty of Education, University of Benghazi took part in this study. A questionnaire with 25 items was utilized to answer the stated research questions. The data analysis revealed that both graduate and undergraduate students have some problems in academic writing such as choosing the appropriate academic words, difficulty in developing a thesis statement, organizing ideas, and writing coherent paragraphs. These challenges were influenced by a lack of resources followed by a low English language proficiency and a lack of writing practice opportunities. It is hoped that the findings of this research would provide great benefits to the instructors of the English language and curriculum designers to address the writing difficulties that might be encountered by learners of English.
本研究的目的是发现一些大学生在学术写作中遇到的主要困难。它还旨在找出阻碍他们学术写作技巧的因素。班加西大学教育学院英语专业的36名学生参与了这项研究。一份有25个项目的调查问卷被用来回答所陈述的研究问题。数据分析显示,研究生和本科生在学术写作中都存在一些问题,如选择合适的学术词汇,难以形成论文陈述,组织思想,写作连贯的段落。这些挑战是由于缺乏资源、英语水平低和缺乏写作练习机会造成的。希望本研究的结果能对英语教师和课程设计者提供很大的帮助,以解决英语学习者可能遇到的写作困难。
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引用次数: 3
Smartphone as additional learning tool with reference to EFL students in selected Universities in Chad 智能手机作为额外的学习工具——以乍得选定大学的英语学生为例
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.37745/bjel.2013/vol10n33036
Alladoum Roland
Today, mobile technology is a growing trend in learning languages. A mobile technology like smartphone is used by university students in their daily lives anywhere and anytime. There are number of language learning applications on smartphone that can help develop students’ language skills. The present study aims at investigating how the students perceive the usefulness of smartphone for learning English and how they use it to improve their linguistic skills. A 30-item questionnaire was administered to 513 students in the university of N’djamena and Doba. The data collected from respondents were analysed using basic descriptive statistics. The Findings reveal that there is a high positive agreement toward engagement in using smartphone as tools for learning among EFL students. In addition, it was found that students mostly embark into some linguistic activities (listening and reading) which help gain more practice on some skills than the others (writing and speaking) through their smartphone.
今天,移动技术是学习语言的一个日益增长的趋势。像智能手机这样的移动技术被大学生在他们的日常生活中随时随地使用。智能手机上有许多语言学习应用程序可以帮助学生提高语言技能。本研究旨在调查学生如何看待智能手机对学习英语的有用性,以及他们如何使用智能手机来提高他们的语言技能。对恩贾梅纳和多巴大学的513名学生进行了一份30个项目的问卷调查。从受访者收集的数据使用基本描述性统计进行分析。研究结果显示,英语学生对使用智能手机作为学习工具的参与有着高度的积极认同。此外,研究发现,学生们大多通过智能手机进行一些语言活动(听力和阅读),这些活动比其他活动(写作和口语)更有助于在某些技能上获得更多的练习。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Social Media Technology in The Development of Igbo Langauge Among University Students: A Study of Imo State University Students 社交媒体技术对大学生伊博语发展的影响——以伊莫州立大学学生为研究对象
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.37745/bjel.2013/vol10n31229
Christiana Nneoma Onuh
The paper studied the potential of using social media in the teaching and learning of Igbo language among linguistics students of Imo State University, Owerri. Igbo language is native to Igbo race of Nigeria. Descriptive method, involving questionnaires, were distributed to 140 Igbo linguistics students in the university. Data collected were analysed using SPSS package into percentages and means scores. Results showed students are aware of the existence of social media. Students strongly agreed that social media can be used in the teaching and learning Igbo. But factors, such as cost and poor internet connectivity, unavailability of Igbo modules, and lack of computer sets with Igbo vowels are limiting factors. Therefore, the university can provide free internet services for students. Igbo Modules can be prepared uploaded to the internet. Computer sets and keyboards with Igbo vowels can be manufactured.
本文研究了在奥韦里伊莫州立大学语言学学生中使用社交媒体在伊博语教学中的潜力。伊博语是尼日利亚伊博族的母语。采用描述性方法,包括问卷调查,对该校140名伊博语言学学生进行问卷调查。收集的数据使用SPSS软件包进行百分比和平均得分分析。结果显示,学生意识到社交媒体的存在。学生们强烈同意社交媒体可以用于伊博语的教学。但是,诸如成本和互联网连接不佳、伊博语模块不可用以及缺乏带有伊博语元音的电脑等因素都是限制因素。因此,学校可以为学生提供免费的互联网服务。Igbo模块可以准备好上传到互联网上。可以制造带有伊博语元音的电脑和键盘。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
British Journal of English Language Linguistics
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