Journal of cancer research and therapeutics最新文献

The current scoping review’s objective was to outline existing applications, recent breakthroughs, and quantum dots’ applicability in imaging of oral squamous cell cancer. Quantum dots are nanometric semiconductor crystals with customizable optical characteristics and intense, stable fluorescence suited for bioimaging and labeling. We used the Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) recommendations for conducting our systematic search. An analysis of the properties and applications of quantum dots in noninvasive detection of oral squamous cell cancer is presented in this study, which comprehensively explores the available evidence. Following searches in the databases PubMed, Ovid SP, and Cochrane using the search terms quantum dots AND oral squamous cell cancer, 55 published publications were chosen for this review. The review identified a total of eight papers that met the criteria. In noninvasive detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma, quantum dots have the potential to offer an array of therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Furthermore, quantum dots emit near-infrared and visible light, which is advantageous in biological imaging since it reduces light dispersion and absorption of tissue. The future may see quantum dots become a popular noninvasive imaging technique for oral squamous cell cancer. The number of studies accessible is quite limited, and further research is required.

Aim: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) data from India are very sparse. We did a retrospective analysis of our patients registered at this peripheral cancer center based in rural Punjab and studied their outcome.

Materials and methods: Ninety-eight Stage I and II EC patients with endometroid histology registered at our institute from January 2015 to April 2020 were studied for demography, histopathology, treatment received, and outcomes. FIGO 2009 staging and new European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) risk group classification was used.

Results: Our patients had a median age of 60 years (range 32-93 years). There were 39 (39.8%), 41 (42.0%), 4 (4.1%), 12 (12.2%) patients in the low risk, intermediate risk (IR), high intermediate risk, and high risk groups, respectively, as per new ESMO risk classification. Two (2.0%) patients had incomplete information to assign them to a particular risk group. Fifty (46.7%) patients underwent complete surgical staging and 54 (50.5%) patients received adjuvant RT. With a median follow-up of 27.0 months, there were 1 locoregional and 2 distant recurrences. There were 8 deaths in total. Three-year overall survival for the entire group is 90.6%.

Conclusions: The risk group determines adjuvant treatment in endometrial cancer. Patients operated at dedicated cancer center tend to have better surgical staging and thus better outcome because of better risk stratification and grouping for adjuvant therapy. IR histology was more common in our group of patients, which is variable as compared to available literature.

Introduction: Age at diagnosis has shown significant effect on the prognosis in breast cancer patients. However, whether age is an independent risk factor remains controversial. Furthermore, population-based estimates of age on the prognosis impact in triple-negative breast cancer are still lacking. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of age and other factors on the prognosis and survival of triple-negative breast cancer patients.

Materials and methods: We used the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program data from 2011 to 2014. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate prognosis factors in triple-negative breast cancer. Patients were divided into two groups according to age at diagnosis: 75 + years (the elderly patients) and < 75 years (reference group). The clinicopathologic characteristics of different age groups were compared using Chi-square tests. Overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were compared using the Cox proportional hazards model. We also analyzed the difference of distant metastasis at initial diagnosis on every group.

Results: A total of 21,429 triple-negative breast cancer patients were included in our study. The mean breast cancer-specific survival time of triple-negative breast cancer was 70.5 months for the reference group and 62.4 months for the elderly group. Survival analysis showed that the breast cancer-specific survival rate was 78.9% for the reference group and 67.4% for the elderly group. The mean OS time was 69.0 months for the reference group and 52.3 months for the elderly group. The 5-year OS of triple-negative breast cancer patients was 76.4% for the reference group and 51.3% for the elderly group. The prognosis of elderly patients is much poor than reference group. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, race, marital status, histological grade, stage, T, N, M, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were risk factors for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, race, marital status, histological grade, stage, T, N, M, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were independent risk factors for TNBC (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Age is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of TNBC patients. Elderly triple-negative breast cancer patients displayed obvious lower 5-year survival rate compared to reference group, even though they have better grade stage, minor tumor, less lymph node metastasis. The lower rate of marital status, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, and higher rate of metastasis at diagnosis must contribute to their poor outcome.

According to the last edition of the World Health Organization classification, cribriform adenocarcinoma of salivary glands (CASGs) was considered a variant of polymorphus adenocarcinoma although many authors proposed CASG as a distinct neoplasm. The aim of this study was to report an unusual presentation of CASG in the buccal mucosa of a 63-year-old male patient that showed signs of encapsulation and no evidence of lymph node metastasis. The lesion was composed of lobules of tumoral cells arranged in solid nests, sheets, papillary, and cribriform or glomeruloid patterns. Most of the peripheral cells show palisaded arrangement with peripheral clefting from the adjacent stroma. Surgical resection of the lesion was done and further neck dissection was recommended.

Introduction: Medicinal plants are the major natural resources for the treatment of human ailments including cancer therapy. The current cancer treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy affect normal cells too. Thus, treatments like synthesized nanoscale particles using plant extracts have proven to be potential anticancer agent.

Aim of the study: We hypothesize that the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized using Elephantopus scaber hydro-methanolic extract may have anti-cancer activity along with their synergistic counterparts with adriamycin (ADR) on human breast cancer MCF-7: human breast cancer (A-549), human oral cancer (squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]-40), and COLO-205: human colon cancer cell lines.

Materials and methods: The phytosynthesized AuNPs were characterized for ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The anticancer ability of the AuNPs against human MCF-7, A-549, SCC-40, and COLO-205 through sulforhodamine B assay has been studied.

Results: The synthesis of AuNPs was confirmed with the UV-Vis spectrophotometer with a peak at 540 nm. The FTIR analysis showed polyphenolic groups were major found to be the reduction and capping agent for AuNPs. According to the results obtained, AuNPs showed good anti-proliferative activity with GI50 <10 μg/ml on MCF-7 cancer cell line. The synergistic effect of AuNPs + ADR was even better for all the four cell lines than that of the AuNPs alone.

Conclusion: The green synthesis of AuNPs is a simple, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method with dominantly spherical morphology ranging from 20 to 40 nm confirmed by NTA and TEM analysis. The study reveals the potent therapeutic value of the AuNPs.

Introduction: Esophageal carcinoma is the fourth most common cancer among males and sixth most common cancer among females in Sri Lanka. Gastric cancer is less common, but its incidence is gradually rising. We conducted a retrospective analysis of survival of esophageal and gastric cancer patients treated at National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka.

Methodology: Patients with esophageal and gastric cancer treated in three selected oncology units of the National Cancer Institute, Maharagama during 2015 and 2016 were included in the study. Data on clinical and pathological factors were extracted from clinical records. Overall survival (OS), defined as time to death or loss to follow-up, was the primary endpoint. Univariate and multivariate analyses of survival were performed using the log-rank test and Cox proportional-hazard model, respectively.

Results: The study population comprised 374 patients with a median age of 62 years (interquartile range 55-70). Majority (64%) were male and had squamous cell carcinoma (58%). In the sample, 20% were gastric cancers, while 71% were esophageal cancers, and 9% had gastro-esophageal junction tumors. The 2-year OS was 19% in patients treated with curative intent (95% confidence interval [CI] 14-26 months) with those receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by radical surgery having the highest survival (P < 0.001, hazard ratio 0.25 [95% CI 0.11-0.56]). Median OS was 2 months (95% CI 1-2 months) in patients treated with palliative intent.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that the outcome of patients with esophageal and gastric cancer is poor in Sri Lanka. Early detection and greater utilization of multimodality treatment could improve outcomes of these patients.

Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is a rare odontogenic malignant epithelial neoplasm of maxillofacial skeleton with a distinct predisposition of the mandible. It can occur in a wide range of age groups, with a sex predilection in males. It can arise either as a de novo lesion or from preexisting ameloblastoma. AC has a high propensity for local recurrence as well as distant metastasis (chiefly lungs), thus requiring an aggressive surgical approach and a strict surveillance. Owing to the rarity of publications describing AC, little is known about this entity in pediatric patients. We report a case of transformation of ameloblastoma into AC in a 10-year-old child.

Aims and objective: This study aimed to compare hormone receptor (HR) status before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy that is discordance in locally advanced breast cancer patients, which are amenable for surgery. The secondary objective was to study the correlation between tumor response and HR expression.

Materials and methods: The duration of the study was from August 2018 to December 2020. A total of 23 patients were selected as per certain inclusion criteria. American Society of Clinical Oncologys methodology was used to analyze estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status of histopathology specimen. For study purposes, patients were classified into four groups after core biopsy of breast lump and after definitive surgery (post-NACT (neoadjuvant chemotherapy)) - Group A (ER+, PR+), Group B (ER+, PR-), Group C (ER-, PR+), and Group D (ER-, PR-).

Results: ER discordance was found to be (2/23) 8.69% (P value 0.76). PR discordance was (4/23) 17.39%. PR discordance was found to be higher than ER discordance. Changes in staining patterns in ERs were seen in 14 patients (93.33%). Changes in staining percentage in PRs were seen in eight patients (80%). It was found that both receptor-positive and negative diseases had an equal proportion of stable disease.

Conclusion: From the study, it is noted that performing ER PR study twice (before and after chemotherapy) is necessary as discordance is noted and this may impact the further treatment strategy.

Cranial metastasis (CM) is a serious problem in breast cancer patients. In patients with CM, quality of life is adversely affected and the survival of patients is reduced. It is also very difficult to manage breast cancer patients with cranial metastases whose life expectancy is generally 1 year or less. There is no case report in the literature of CM with more than 5 years of progression-free survival (PFS) with oncological treatment. I presented a rare case about the widespread CM developed with tamoxifen treatment in an advanced breast cancer patient who completed chemotherapy and radiotherapy after primary surgery. Systemic treatment was started as a combination of capecitabine and lapatinib after whole-brain radiotherapy was applied to the patient with extensive CM. At the end of about 3 years, there is complete response of cranial metastases, and PFS is over 5 years. The treatment was well tolerated, and she is still being followed up in the 74th month of this treatment without recurrence. There are no case reports of HER-2-positive breast cancer patients with such widespread cranial metastases in complete remission at 34 months of systemic therapy and 74 months of PFS. Our article is unique in this respect. It should be kept in mind that it is not appropriate to change the treatment plan of patients with only one case report. Although the options have increased with the use of new generation antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 treatments, lapatinib can be a very effective treatment tool in selected patients.

Introduction: Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors. The current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors recommends integrated histo-molecular diagnosis of gliomas. However, molecular testing is not available in even most of the advanced centers of our country, and histopathology aided with immunohistochemistry (IHC) is still widely used for diagnosis. Immunohistochemical markers such as iso-citrate dehydrogenase1 (IDH1) and Alpha Thalassemia/Mental Retardation Syndrome X-linked (ATRX) can be reliably used for the correct diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of gliomas.

Aim: We aimed to develop a diagnostic algorithm by integrating morphology, IDH1, and ATRX status of gliomas seen in our institute for 1 year.

Settings and design: Analytical cross-sectional study.

Materials and methods: This study included 60 histopathologically confirmed cases of astrocytic (n = 51) and oligodendroglial tumors (n = 9). Clinical, radiological, and histopathological features were noted and tumor grades assigned according to the WHO recommendations. IDH1 and ATRX mutation status was evaluated using IHC. The tumors were divided into three molecular groups on the basis of their IDH1 and ATRX mutation status: (1) Group 1: IDH1 negative and ATRX positive, (2) Group 2: IDH1 positive and ATRX positive, (3) Group 3: IDH1 positive and ATRX negative.

Results: The mean age of presentation was 45.0 ± 15.8 years with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. Seizures, headache, and hemiparesis were the most common modes of presentation. The tumor subtypes studied were glioblastoma (n = 32), anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 7), diffuse astrocytoma (n = 6), oligodendroglioma (n = 6), pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 6), and anaplastic oligodendroglioma (n = 3). IDH1 mutation was present in 26 cases including anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 7), diffuse astrocytoma (n = 6), oligodendroglioma (n = 5), secondary glioblastoma (n = 5), and anaplastic oligodendroglioma (n = 3). ATRX mutation, i. e., loss of ATRX was observed in 17 cases including diffuse astrocytoma (n = 5), anaplastic astocytoma (n = 5), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (n = 3), oligodendroglioma (n = 3), and secondary glioblastoma (n = 1). All six cases of pilocytic astrocytoma were negative for IDH1 and ATRX mutation. There were 34 patients in Group 1 (IDH1- and ATRX +), nine cases in Group 2 (IDH1 + and ATRX +), and 17 patients in Group 3 (IDH1 + and ATRX-).

Conclusion: Diagnosis of gliomas should be based on a detailed clinicoradiological and histopathological assessment, followed by genotypic characterization. Evaluation for IDH1and ATRX status has both diagnostic and prognostic value as it helps in differentiating gliomas from reactive gliosis, primary glioblastoma from secondary glioblastoma, and pilocytic astrocytoma (WHO grade I) from diffuse astrocyt