Background: Temporomandibular fusion has devastating effects on the growth and development of an individual's jaws. Thus, surgical modality is seen as a last resort to its correction. Surgical management of temporomandibular ankylosis cases presents significant challenges to an anesthetist in maintaining airway patency. Thus, this retrospective study evaluated the techniques for combating airway management challenges, emphasizing developing an institutional protocol that effectively minimizes errors. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the RUHS College of Dental Sciences and attached to the RUHS College of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, for a period of three years. The records of 94 patients who had undergone surgical correction of TMJ ankylosis and were intubated with fiberoptic intubation were compiled. The cases were divided into groups, Group General anesthesia (GA) and Group Regional anesthesia (RA), and analyzed for demographics, successful intubation, and complications. Results: In Group GA, 98 % of cases were successfully intubated. Patient movements were 0 in Group GA and 25% in Group RA. Coughing was present in 1.61% of cases of group GA and 98.38% of Group RA. Epistaxis occurred in 35% of cases, and 29% of cases suffered from sore throat after extubation in Group GA. Conclusion: The anesthetist dilemma of intubating awake or anesthetized always exists. However, a careful preoperative evaluation and assessment of the patient for mask ventilation helps in the successful anesthetic management of temporomandibular joint ankylosis cases. For the anticipated difficult airway awake, fiberoptic intubation is still the ‘gold standard’ technique.
背景：颞下颌关节融合对颌骨的生长发育具有破坏性影响。因此，手术治疗被视为矫治颞下颌关节强直的最后手段。颞下颌关节强直病例的手术治疗给麻醉师维持气道通畅带来了巨大挑战。因此，这项回顾性研究评估了应对气道管理挑战的技术，强调制定有效减少错误的机构规程。研究方法这项回顾性研究在印度拉贾斯坦邦斋浦尔的拉贾斯坦邦大学牙科学院和附属拉贾斯坦邦大学医学院进行，为期三年。研究汇编了 94 名接受颞下颌关节强直手术矫正并使用纤支镜插管的患者的记录。这些病例被分为两组，即全身麻醉组（GA）和区域麻醉组（RA），并对人口统计学、插管成功率和并发症进行了分析。结果：在 GA 组中，98% 的病例插管成功。GA组患者无移动，RA组为25%。1.61% 的 GA 组病例出现咳嗽，98.38% 的 RA 组病例出现咳嗽。35% 的病例出现鼻衄，GA 组中 29% 的病例在拔管后出现咽喉疼痛。结论麻醉师在清醒或麻醉状态下插管的两难选择始终存在。然而，术前对患者进行仔细的评估和面罩通气评估有助于成功地对颞下颌关节强直病例进行麻醉管理。对于预期的清醒困难气道，纤支镜插管仍是 "金标准 "技术。
{"title":"Retrospective comparative evaluation of airway management with different techniques of fiberoptic intubation in patients undergoing surgery for temporomandibular joint ankylosis","authors":"Varun Kumar Saini, Priyanka Saini, Priyanka Soni, Manish Khandelwal","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.25.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.25.41","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Temporomandibular fusion has devastating effects on the growth and development of an individual's jaws. Thus, surgical modality is seen as a last resort to its correction. Surgical management of temporomandibular ankylosis cases presents significant challenges to an anesthetist in maintaining airway patency. Thus, this retrospective study evaluated the techniques for combating airway management challenges, emphasizing developing an institutional protocol that effectively minimizes errors. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the RUHS College of Dental Sciences and attached to the RUHS College of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, for a period of three years. The records of 94 patients who had undergone surgical correction of TMJ ankylosis and were intubated with fiberoptic intubation were compiled. The cases were divided into groups, Group General anesthesia (GA) and Group Regional anesthesia (RA), and analyzed for demographics, successful intubation, and complications. Results: In Group GA, 98 % of cases were successfully intubated. Patient movements were 0 in Group GA and 25% in Group RA. Coughing was present in 1.61% of cases of group GA and 98.38% of Group RA. Epistaxis occurred in 35% of cases, and 29% of cases suffered from sore throat after extubation in Group GA. Conclusion: The anesthetist dilemma of intubating awake or anesthetized always exists. However, a careful preoperative evaluation and assessment of the patient for mask ventilation helps in the successful anesthetic management of temporomandibular joint ankylosis cases. For the anticipated difficult airway awake, fiberoptic intubation is still the ‘gold standard’ technique.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.52.58
Seema Devi, Chander Mohan
Background: The plant M. champaca L., commonly known as Champa, has traditionally been utilized for its medicinal properties, particularly in women's health, for managing sterility and birth control. Previous literature primarily focuses on the anti-fertility activity of leaf extracts, while limited research has explored the potential of other aerial parts, such as the bark and flowers. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the female anti-fertility actions of various aerial parts (including leaves, branches, bark, and flowers) of the M. champaca plant, expanding our understanding beyond the previously studied leaf extracts. Material and Method: The petroleum ether (PEAEMC), ethyl alcohol (EAEMC), and chloroform water (AAEMC) extracts of aerial parts of M. champaca at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg were administered to female Wistar rats by using an experimental model, i.e., anti-implantation and estrogenic/Anti-estrogenic activity. Result: All three extracts showed significant anti-implantation activity (p<0.01). Among all, only EAEMC Showed activity corresponding to the standard. EAEME caused an increase in the vaginal opening size and increased height and width of the endometrium in immature ovariectomized female rats; it showed an estrogen-like action when given alone, however when given along with Ethinylestradiol, it showed anti-estrogenic action. Conclusion: It was observed that EAEMC (the Ethyl alcohol extract of M. champaca) showed dose dependent anti-fertility activity. The chemical constituents like steroids, alkaloids, and flavonoids identified from the photochemical screening may be responsible for the anti-fertility activity of the aerial parts of M. champaca L.
{"title":"Evaluation of the post-coital anti-fertility activity of Michelia champaca linn. aerial extract in female Wistar rat","authors":"Seema Devi, Chander Mohan","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.52.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.52.58","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The plant M. champaca L., commonly known as Champa, has traditionally been utilized for its medicinal properties, particularly in women's health, for managing sterility and birth control. Previous literature primarily focuses on the anti-fertility activity of leaf extracts, while limited research has explored the potential of other aerial parts, such as the bark and flowers. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the female anti-fertility actions of various aerial parts (including leaves, branches, bark, and flowers) of the M. champaca plant, expanding our understanding beyond the previously studied leaf extracts. Material and Method: The petroleum ether (PEAEMC), ethyl alcohol (EAEMC), and chloroform water (AAEMC) extracts of aerial parts of M. champaca at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg were administered to female Wistar rats by using an experimental model, i.e., anti-implantation and estrogenic/Anti-estrogenic activity. Result: All three extracts showed significant anti-implantation activity (p<0.01). Among all, only EAEMC Showed activity corresponding to the standard. EAEME caused an increase in the vaginal opening size and increased height and width of the endometrium in immature ovariectomized female rats; it showed an estrogen-like action when given alone, however when given along with Ethinylestradiol, it showed anti-estrogenic action. Conclusion: It was observed that EAEMC (the Ethyl alcohol extract of M. champaca) showed dose dependent anti-fertility activity. The chemical constituents like steroids, alkaloids, and flavonoids identified from the photochemical screening may be responsible for the anti-fertility activity of the aerial parts of M. champaca L.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.100.107
Lovkesh Bhatia, Amit Sharma, Rishu Kalra, Varun Kumar
Background: The Cinnamomum impressinervium (CI) Meisn. Tree, which belongs to the Lauraceae family and is endemic to India, is also called Assameses or Tejiya. Numerous pharmacological properties of this plant, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, have been demonstrated. Materials and method: This study examines the phytochemical profile of the leaf using qualitative and quantitative methods. Following the phytochemical analysis of the leaf, the antioxidant efficacy for scavenging free radicals (ABTS and DPPH) was measured. Using the agar well diffusion method, the antibacterial potential of the crude extract and its fractions (aqueous, methanolic, n-hexane, and chloroform) was investigated against six gram-negative, three gram-positive, and one fungal strain. Result and discussion: Antioxidant activities of various extracts viz: aqueous, hexane, chloroform, and ethanol were prepared and subjected to antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Through qualitative analysis, several alkaloids, steroids, and flavones were identified. In the DPPH and ABTS assays, the aqueous extract had the most potent antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 123.83±0.42 and 57.86±0.85 μg/mL, respectively. DNA nicking assay is a qualitative analysis that shows DNA protection from free radicals. All the extracts towards B. atropheous showed best inhibition activity but a maximum zone of inhibition was shown by aqueous extracts measuring 40 mm. Aqueous and methanolic extracts are completely inactive towards S. typhi. Conclusion: This study revealed the antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy of various extracts of Cinnamomum impressinervium Meisn. Leaves In this paper, the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts from Cinnamomum impressinervium Meisn. were studied. The evaluated extracts showed varied levels of inhibitory zones against every tested bacterium.
{"title":"Cinnamomum impressinervium meisn.: antioxidant and antimicrobial activities","authors":"Lovkesh Bhatia, Amit Sharma, Rishu Kalra, Varun Kumar","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.100.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.100.107","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Cinnamomum impressinervium (CI) Meisn. Tree, which belongs to the Lauraceae family and is endemic to India, is also called Assameses or Tejiya. Numerous pharmacological properties of this plant, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, have been demonstrated. Materials and method: This study examines the phytochemical profile of the leaf using qualitative and quantitative methods. Following the phytochemical analysis of the leaf, the antioxidant efficacy for scavenging free radicals (ABTS and DPPH) was measured. Using the agar well diffusion method, the antibacterial potential of the crude extract and its fractions (aqueous, methanolic, n-hexane, and chloroform) was investigated against six gram-negative, three gram-positive, and one fungal strain. Result and discussion: Antioxidant activities of various extracts viz: aqueous, hexane, chloroform, and ethanol were prepared and subjected to antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Through qualitative analysis, several alkaloids, steroids, and flavones were identified. In the DPPH and ABTS assays, the aqueous extract had the most potent antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 123.83±0.42 and 57.86±0.85 μg/mL, respectively. DNA nicking assay is a qualitative analysis that shows DNA protection from free radicals. All the extracts towards B. atropheous showed best inhibition activity but a maximum zone of inhibition was shown by aqueous extracts measuring 40 mm. Aqueous and methanolic extracts are completely inactive towards S. typhi. Conclusion: This study revealed the antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy of various extracts of Cinnamomum impressinervium Meisn. Leaves In this paper, the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts from Cinnamomum impressinervium Meisn. were studied. The evaluated extracts showed varied levels of inhibitory zones against every tested bacterium.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.42.51
Sharad Sharma, B. Semwal, Avijit Mazumder
Objective: Sesbania grandiflora is a well-known medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae, and it is used to treat several disorders. The current investigation aims to analyze the negative consequences of short and long-term administration of hydroalcoholic extract of S. grandiflora leaf in experimental animals. Materials and Methods: Acute and subacute toxicity were the two phases in which the entire examination was completed. In phase first, acute toxicity was performed at the dose of (2000, mg/kg) and adverse effect was recorded. However, in sub-acute toxicity the effect of different doses of (1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg) were studied for twenty-eight days. Animals were euthanized on the last day of the investigation, and selected internal body organs and samples of the blood were taken from each animal for histological, biochemical, and haematological analysis. Results: The result of the current investigation showed that the LD50 of S. grandiflora was observed more than 2000 mg/kg, Furthermore, experimental animals did not experience any mortality or alterations in their behavioral patterns when S. grandiflora was administered repeatedly at 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg or in a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. Besides this, S. grandiflora also did not significantly modify any of the biochemical or haematological markers, or the histological analyses of selected organs. Conclusion: The results of the above research revealed that the orally administration of S. grandiflora extract did not exhibit any apparent harmful effects in experimental animals. Hence, S. grandiflora could be regarded as a safe and can be used for the therapeutic purpose in human being.
{"title":"Evaluation of toxicity studies of Sesbania grandiflora leaves extracts in Wistar albino rats","authors":"Sharad Sharma, B. Semwal, Avijit Mazumder","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.42.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.42.51","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Sesbania grandiflora is a well-known medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae, and it is used to treat several disorders. The current investigation aims to analyze the negative consequences of short and long-term administration of hydroalcoholic extract of S. grandiflora leaf in experimental animals. Materials and Methods: Acute and subacute toxicity were the two phases in which the entire examination was completed. In phase first, acute toxicity was performed at the dose of (2000, mg/kg) and adverse effect was recorded. However, in sub-acute toxicity the effect of different doses of (1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg) were studied for twenty-eight days. Animals were euthanized on the last day of the investigation, and selected internal body organs and samples of the blood were taken from each animal for histological, biochemical, and haematological analysis. Results: The result of the current investigation showed that the LD50 of S. grandiflora was observed more than 2000 mg/kg, Furthermore, experimental animals did not experience any mortality or alterations in their behavioral patterns when S. grandiflora was administered repeatedly at 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg or in a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. Besides this, S. grandiflora also did not significantly modify any of the biochemical or haematological markers, or the histological analyses of selected organs. Conclusion: The results of the above research revealed that the orally administration of S. grandiflora extract did not exhibit any apparent harmful effects in experimental animals. Hence, S. grandiflora could be regarded as a safe and can be used for the therapeutic purpose in human being.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.93.99
D. Chechare, M. Siddaiah
Objective: Develop and evaluate mucoadhesive microspheres using Chitosan, Sodium alginate, and Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) for sustained oral delivery of Metronidazole, aiming to improve bioavailability. Methods: Metronidazole-loaded microspheres were prepared via ionotropic gelation method with varying polymer ratios. Particle size, entrapment efficiency, swelling index, mucoadhesion (sheep mucosae), morphology (SEM), in-vitro wash-off test, drug release profile, and stability (6 months) were evaluated. Results: Chitosan content positively correlated with microsphere size. Entrapment efficiency ranged from 51.43% to 94.15%. Chitosan-based formulations, especially MTZ-7 (Chitosan:NaCMC, 3:1), displayed the highest mucoadhesion. SEM analysis revealed rough, spherical microspheres with a continuous polymeric coat. In-vitro wash-off test demonstrated prolonged residence time for Chitosan formulations. Sustained drug release was observed throughout the study, with MTZ-7 exhibiting the most desirable release profile. Stability studies showed no significant changes in drug release for selected formulations after 6 months. Conclusions: Chitosan-based microspheres, particularly MTZ-7, demonstrated superior mucoadhesive properties, sustained and controlled drug release, and desirable stability. These findings suggest the potential of Chitosan-based microspheres as a promising oral drug delivery system for Metronidazole, potentially addressing bioavailability concerns and improving therapeutic efficacy.
{"title":"Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres of metronidazole","authors":"D. Chechare, M. Siddaiah","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.93.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.93.99","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Develop and evaluate mucoadhesive microspheres using Chitosan, Sodium alginate, and Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) for sustained oral delivery of Metronidazole, aiming to improve bioavailability. Methods: Metronidazole-loaded microspheres were prepared via ionotropic gelation method with varying polymer ratios. Particle size, entrapment efficiency, swelling index, mucoadhesion (sheep mucosae), morphology (SEM), in-vitro wash-off test, drug release profile, and stability (6 months) were evaluated. Results: Chitosan content positively correlated with microsphere size. Entrapment efficiency ranged from 51.43% to 94.15%. Chitosan-based formulations, especially MTZ-7 (Chitosan:NaCMC, 3:1), displayed the highest mucoadhesion. SEM analysis revealed rough, spherical microspheres with a continuous polymeric coat. In-vitro wash-off test demonstrated prolonged residence time for Chitosan formulations. Sustained drug release was observed throughout the study, with MTZ-7 exhibiting the most desirable release profile. Stability studies showed no significant changes in drug release for selected formulations after 6 months. Conclusions: Chitosan-based microspheres, particularly MTZ-7, demonstrated superior mucoadhesive properties, sustained and controlled drug release, and desirable stability. These findings suggest the potential of Chitosan-based microspheres as a promising oral drug delivery system for Metronidazole, potentially addressing bioavailability concerns and improving therapeutic efficacy.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.59.64
Kalyani Chaudhari, Shruti Oza
Background: According to ongoing research, assessing nuchal translucency (NT) in ultrasound pictures can help to identify fetal development that deviates from the norm. The chance of chromosomal abnormalities in a newborn is predicted by the nuchal translucency (NT) width in ultrasound sonography pictures performed on the child between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation. Method: Deeply learned convolutional networks have recently significantly improved NT region detection performance. This paper discusses a novel approach to learning a cutting-edge NT Region identification algorithm. To address the difficulty of improving the accuracy of NT recognition in various lighting and posture conditions, a Framework Learning Network (F-LNET) is employed. Discussion: The limitations of the current NT estimating technique include findings that are unpredictable and intra-personal, inter-personal, and inter-variation restrictions. On the other hand, existing solutions have a high processing overhead and are, hence, unsuitable for rapid NT limiting and localization, which is critical for reliable recognition. However, current methods could be better for quick NT limiting and localization, which is essential for trustworthy identification schemes because of their significant processing overhead. The suggested automated clinical finding approach, which computes the error between human and automated measurements, is very beneficial to both doctors and society at large. Conclusion: The suggested way reduces the error to 0.42, whereas the error of other methods ranges from 0.8 to 1.1.
背景：根据正在进行的研究，评估超声波照片中的脐带透亮度（NT）有助于识别胎儿发育是否偏离正常。新生儿染色体畸形的几率可通过妊娠 11 至 14 周期间对胎儿进行的超声波图像中的颈部透明带（NT）宽度进行预测。方法深度学习卷积网络最近大大提高了NT区域的检测性能。本文讨论了一种学习尖端 NT 区域识别算法的新方法。为了解决在各种光线和姿势条件下提高 NT 识别准确率的难题，本文采用了框架学习网络 (F-LNET) 。讨论目前的新界估计技术的局限性包括结果不可预测，以及人内、人际和变异间的限制。另一方面，现有解决方案的处理开销较高，因此不适合快速的 NT 限制和定位，而这对可靠的识别至关重要。然而，目前的方法由于处理开销大，在快速限制和定位新台币方面可能做得更好，而快速限制和定位新台币对可靠的识别方案至关重要。建议的自动临床发现方法计算了人工测量和自动测量之间的误差，对医生和整个社会都非常有益。结论建议的方法可将误差降至 0.42，而其他方法的误差在 0.8 至 1.1 之间。
{"title":"Clinical investigations to calculate nuchal translucency using F-LNET","authors":"Kalyani Chaudhari, Shruti Oza","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.59.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.59.64","url":null,"abstract":"Background: According to ongoing research, assessing nuchal translucency (NT) in ultrasound pictures can help to identify fetal development that deviates from the norm. The chance of chromosomal abnormalities in a newborn is predicted by the nuchal translucency (NT) width in ultrasound sonography pictures performed on the child between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation. Method: Deeply learned convolutional networks have recently significantly improved NT region detection performance. This paper discusses a novel approach to learning a cutting-edge NT Region identification algorithm. To address the difficulty of improving the accuracy of NT recognition in various lighting and posture conditions, a Framework Learning Network (F-LNET) is employed. Discussion: The limitations of the current NT estimating technique include findings that are unpredictable and intra-personal, inter-personal, and inter-variation restrictions. On the other hand, existing solutions have a high processing overhead and are, hence, unsuitable for rapid NT limiting and localization, which is critical for reliable recognition. However, current methods could be better for quick NT limiting and localization, which is essential for trustworthy identification schemes because of their significant processing overhead. The suggested automated clinical finding approach, which computes the error between human and automated measurements, is very beneficial to both doctors and society at large. Conclusion: The suggested way reduces the error to 0.42, whereas the error of other methods ranges from 0.8 to 1.1.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"94 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.29.34
Supraja Nagarathinam, R. Umadevi, Angeline Grace G, Raghul Saravanan
Background: A doctor's communication and interpersonal skills encompass gathering information to facilitate accurate diagnosis, counsel appropriately, give therapeutic instructions, and establish caring relationships with patients. While face-to-face consultations have been the norm, tele-consultations and enrolment in telemedicine apps have become necessary. Tele-consultations have been on the rise significantly during the COVID-19 lockdown. This study aims to assess the barriers to tele-consultations among doctors in Chennai. Methodology: This study uses a cross-sectional design to assess the barriers to tele-consultations among doctors in Chennai using a convenience sampling technique. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Results: 81.6% of the participants feel that teleconsultations have reduced face-to-face consultations. Only about 6% of the study participants preferred teleconsultation in the future. About a third of the doctors in the study could not treat/manage chronically ill patients through teleconsultations. About 70% of the doctors could follow up with their patients through telecommunication, but 70% failed to follow up. Conclusion: From this study, we conclude that only about 6% of the study participants would prefer teleconsultation in the future. Treating medical emergencies and assessment of surgical patients were considered as top 2 important barriers in this study with about half of them facing this barrier during their telecommunication.
{"title":"A cross-sectional study to assess the barriers to teleconsultations among doctors in Chennai","authors":"Supraja Nagarathinam, R. Umadevi, Angeline Grace G, Raghul Saravanan","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.29.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.29.34","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A doctor's communication and interpersonal skills encompass gathering information to facilitate accurate diagnosis, counsel appropriately, give therapeutic instructions, and establish caring relationships with patients. While face-to-face consultations have been the norm, tele-consultations and enrolment in telemedicine apps have become necessary. Tele-consultations have been on the rise significantly during the COVID-19 lockdown. This study aims to assess the barriers to tele-consultations among doctors in Chennai. Methodology: This study uses a cross-sectional design to assess the barriers to tele-consultations among doctors in Chennai using a convenience sampling technique. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Results: 81.6% of the participants feel that teleconsultations have reduced face-to-face consultations. Only about 6% of the study participants preferred teleconsultation in the future. About a third of the doctors in the study could not treat/manage chronically ill patients through teleconsultations. About 70% of the doctors could follow up with their patients through telecommunication, but 70% failed to follow up. Conclusion: From this study, we conclude that only about 6% of the study participants would prefer teleconsultation in the future. Treating medical emergencies and assessment of surgical patients were considered as top 2 important barriers in this study with about half of them facing this barrier during their telecommunication.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"92 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.108.115
B. N. Surya, Akshaya Radhakrishnan, Vijayalakshmi S, A. H. Narayanan, S. M. Kumar, B. Venkatesh, Rehana Syed
Background: Medical interns develop apprehensions about the vulnerability of their exposure to infection while treating COVID-19 patients, which may further affect their work patterns and efficiency. Studies have shown that the outbreak of infectious diseases would result in mental health issues. Because of this, our study aims to assess psychosocial factors such as anxiety, depression, stress, relationships with peers, and changes in personal roles among medical interns at a private medical college. Methodology: This cross-sectional was conducted among 248 medical interns using a simple random sampling method. Depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using a standardized 21-item depression, anxiety, and stress questionnaire (DASS– 21). A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to acquire information regarding the study participants' socio-demographic data and social elements. Results: The overall prevalence of Depression [58%], Anxiety [70%], and Stress [44%] were found among the 248 study participants. Around [70.6%] of the study participants reported that their social life had been affected. The prevalence of various factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed. Conclusion: This study reports higher levels of psychosocial distress among the study participants. Adequate knowledge about the pandemic and stress management measures will be the top priority among these budding medicos during such unfavorable pandemic situations.
{"title":"Cinnamomum impressinervium meisn.: antioxidant and antimicrobial activities","authors":"B. N. Surya, Akshaya Radhakrishnan, Vijayalakshmi S, A. H. Narayanan, S. M. Kumar, B. Venkatesh, Rehana Syed","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.108.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.108.115","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medical interns develop apprehensions about the vulnerability of their exposure to infection while treating COVID-19 patients, which may further affect their work patterns and efficiency. Studies have shown that the outbreak of infectious diseases would result in mental health issues. Because of this, our study aims to assess psychosocial factors such as anxiety, depression, stress, relationships with peers, and changes in personal roles among medical interns at a private medical college. Methodology: This cross-sectional was conducted among 248 medical interns using a simple random sampling method. Depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using a standardized 21-item depression, anxiety, and stress questionnaire (DASS– 21). A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to acquire information regarding the study participants' socio-demographic data and social elements. Results: The overall prevalence of Depression [58%], Anxiety [70%], and Stress [44%] were found among the 248 study participants. Around [70.6%] of the study participants reported that their social life had been affected. The prevalence of various factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed. Conclusion: This study reports higher levels of psychosocial distress among the study participants. Adequate knowledge about the pandemic and stress management measures will be the top priority among these budding medicos during such unfavorable pandemic situations.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"57 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.1.9
M. K. Pillai, S. Pillai, S. Jain
Metformin hydrochloride, an antidiabetic agent, is useful in reducing the blood glucose concentration in Type II diabetes. It is also finding its use as a repurposed drug. The formulations consisted of micro drug delivery systems prepared by emulsification method and were evaluated in-vitro and in-vivo. Process variables like amount of polymer, speed of agitation and stirring, presence or absence of surfactant and cross linker offered a versatile approach towards obtaining the formulation though affected physicochemical properties of formulations. Discrete, spherical, and free-flowing microspheres, in the size range and granularity of 250 to 700µ were used to control the drug release rate. Drug release was diffusion controlled as evident from the Higuchi kinetics. The physical characteristics of the formulations were reproducible. Healthy and alloxan induced hyperglycaemic male albino mice were used for in-vivo experimentation by evaluating plasma glucose level reduction and % reduction in the blood glucose level after administration of pure drug and formulations. The results indicate significant sustained fall in the blood glucose level for about 10 hrs following formulation administration as compared to the pure drug.
盐酸二甲双胍是一种抗糖尿病药物，有助于降低 II 型糖尿病患者的血糖浓度。它还被用作再利用药物。制剂由乳化法制备的微给药系统组成，并在体外和体内进行了评估。聚合物用量、搅拌速度、表面活性剂和交联剂的有无等工艺变量为制备配方提供了多种方法，但也影响了配方的理化性质。为控制药物释放率，我们使用了大小和颗粒度在 250 微米到 700 微米之间的离散、球形和自由流动微球。从樋口动力学可以看出，药物释放是由扩散控制的。制剂的物理特性具有可重复性。使用健康和阿脲诱导的高血糖雄性白化小鼠进行体内实验，评估服用纯药物和制剂后血浆葡萄糖水平的降低情况以及血糖水平降低的百分比。结果表明，与纯药相比，制剂给药后血糖水平在约 10 小时内持续明显下降。
{"title":"Innovative approach for improved sustained delivery of metformin hydrochloride for its anti-hyperglycemic activity","authors":"M. K. Pillai, S. Pillai, S. Jain","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Metformin hydrochloride, an antidiabetic agent, is useful in reducing the blood glucose concentration in Type II diabetes. It is also finding its use as a repurposed drug. The formulations consisted of micro drug delivery systems prepared by emulsification method and were evaluated in-vitro and in-vivo. Process variables like amount of polymer, speed of agitation and stirring, presence or absence of surfactant and cross linker offered a versatile approach towards obtaining the formulation though affected physicochemical properties of formulations. Discrete, spherical, and free-flowing microspheres, in the size range and granularity of 250 to 700µ were used to control the drug release rate. Drug release was diffusion controlled as evident from the Higuchi kinetics. The physical characteristics of the formulations were reproducible. Healthy and alloxan induced hyperglycaemic male albino mice were used for in-vivo experimentation by evaluating plasma glucose level reduction and % reduction in the blood glucose level after administration of pure drug and formulations. The results indicate significant sustained fall in the blood glucose level for about 10 hrs following formulation administration as compared to the pure drug.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"2 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.22.28
S. Kumar B., Kouser Banu Khaleeluddin, Saikarthick Jayakumar, Ezhil Vendhan K
Background: The term "text neck" can be defined as repetitive strain injury and pain due to excessive viewing and texting on a smartphone for a prolonged duration. Long-term untreated text neck results in inflammation of ligaments and muscles, which can lead to permanent arthritic changes. Many smart phone users experience thumb/wrist pain, but some people who develop pain are smart phone addicts. The present study checks the prevalence and awareness of text neck and thumb text syndrome in young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 volunteers between 18-25 years age who have been using mobile phone in the last 5 years. A structured questionnaire was created, validated, and used for the study. Descriptive statistics was used to assess responses received from participants. The prevalence of text neck syndrome and thumb text syndrome has been established. Results: About 50.3% of the participants were unaware of text neck syndrome and 57.1% of text thumb syndrome. Maximum mobile phone usage included texting and calls. About 45.2% of the participants use their right thumb and index finger to text. 33% of people have a head forward posture when using mobile phones. An analysis of pain, discomfort, and duration during mobile phone use was done and will be presented at a forum. Conclusion: The prevalence of text neck and thumb text syndrome in the young adult population indicates the need to plan future pain management strategies and increase user awareness
{"title":"Prevalence and awareness of text neck syndrome and text thumb syndrome in young adult population","authors":"S. Kumar B., Kouser Banu Khaleeluddin, Saikarthick Jayakumar, Ezhil Vendhan K","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.22.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.22.28","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The term \"text neck\" can be defined as repetitive strain injury and pain due to excessive viewing and texting on a smartphone for a prolonged duration. Long-term untreated text neck results in inflammation of ligaments and muscles, which can lead to permanent arthritic changes. Many smart phone users experience thumb/wrist pain, but some people who develop pain are smart phone addicts. The present study checks the prevalence and awareness of text neck and thumb text syndrome in young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 volunteers between 18-25 years age who have been using mobile phone in the last 5 years. A structured questionnaire was created, validated, and used for the study. Descriptive statistics was used to assess responses received from participants. The prevalence of text neck syndrome and thumb text syndrome has been established. Results: About 50.3% of the participants were unaware of text neck syndrome and 57.1% of text thumb syndrome. Maximum mobile phone usage included texting and calls. About 45.2% of the participants use their right thumb and index finger to text. 33% of people have a head forward posture when using mobile phones. An analysis of pain, discomfort, and duration during mobile phone use was done and will be presented at a forum. Conclusion: The prevalence of text neck and thumb text syndrome in the young adult population indicates the need to plan future pain management strategies and increase user awareness","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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