Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.71.81
Sunita Ahlawat, V. Budhwar, M. Choudhary
Background: Curcumin is a compound obtained from the rhizomes of Curcuma Longa. It has various pharmacological properties like anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, etc. However, it also has some limitations that restrict its use as a medicine. Material and method: In the present study, a eutectic mixture of curcumin and glycine (35% and 65%) was prepared to improve its dissolution rate and photostability, characterized by DSC, FTIR, and XRD studies. Result and discussion: After 40 minutes, the eutectic mixture dissolved 10-fold more than the parent drug. The photostability studies were conducted according to ICH Q1B guidelines; after the seventh day of accelerated photostability studies, curcumin-glycine eutectic mixtures showed 36% degradation, 34% less than pure curcumin. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the physicochemical properties of BCS class II drugs can be improved by forming an eutectic mixture.
{"title":"Enhancement of curcumin's physicochemical properties by developing its eutectic mixtures","authors":"Sunita Ahlawat, V. Budhwar, M. Choudhary","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.71.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.71.81","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Curcumin is a compound obtained from the rhizomes of Curcuma Longa. It has various pharmacological properties like anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, etc. However, it also has some limitations that restrict its use as a medicine. Material and method: In the present study, a eutectic mixture of curcumin and glycine (35% and 65%) was prepared to improve its dissolution rate and photostability, characterized by DSC, FTIR, and XRD studies. Result and discussion: After 40 minutes, the eutectic mixture dissolved 10-fold more than the parent drug. The photostability studies were conducted according to ICH Q1B guidelines; after the seventh day of accelerated photostability studies, curcumin-glycine eutectic mixtures showed 36% degradation, 34% less than pure curcumin. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the physicochemical properties of BCS class II drugs can be improved by forming an eutectic mixture.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.82.92
Ashok Kumar, Dr Pragi, Amit Sharma, Varun Kumar
Background: Vitis vinifera is known for its antimicrobial activity; however, the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extracts of aerial parts has also been reported, but the nephroprotective and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extracts have not yet been evaluated. Objective: To evaluate Vitis vinifera's hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities against CCl4-induced toxicity in rats. Methods: Two doses of ethanolic extract of Vitis vinifera (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) were evaluated and compared with silymarin 100 mg/kg. Biochemical blood parameters like aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), bilirubin, urea, uric acid, total protein and creatinine, and histopathologic changes of liver and kidney were studied and evaluated. Results: Vitis vinifera reduced the elevated blood levels of ALT, AST, ALP, urea, and creatinine, with the ethanol extract to 200 mg/kg/day being more effective. The histopathologic evaluation suggested that Vitis vinifera decreased hepatic and renal necrosis induced by CCl4. The more significant dose resulted in reductions in AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, and bilirubin of 54, 27, 56, 36, and 17%, respectively. Ethanolic extract 200 mg/kg/day also shows a reduction in elevated levels of Creatinine, Urea, Uric Acid, and Total Protein by 61%, 58%, 29%, and 9%, respectively. Conclusion: Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities of ethanol extract of Vitis vinifera were demonstrated, with ethanol extract to 200 mg/kg/day being the most effective. This presents scientific evidence for using medicinal plants such as Vitis vinifera in managing liver and kidney disorders.
{"title":"Assessment of hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Vitis vinifera leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity in rats","authors":"Ashok Kumar, Dr Pragi, Amit Sharma, Varun Kumar","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.82.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.82.92","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitis vinifera is known for its antimicrobial activity; however, the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extracts of aerial parts has also been reported, but the nephroprotective and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extracts have not yet been evaluated. Objective: To evaluate Vitis vinifera's hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities against CCl4-induced toxicity in rats. Methods: Two doses of ethanolic extract of Vitis vinifera (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) were evaluated and compared with silymarin 100 mg/kg. Biochemical blood parameters like aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), bilirubin, urea, uric acid, total protein and creatinine, and histopathologic changes of liver and kidney were studied and evaluated. Results: Vitis vinifera reduced the elevated blood levels of ALT, AST, ALP, urea, and creatinine, with the ethanol extract to 200 mg/kg/day being more effective. The histopathologic evaluation suggested that Vitis vinifera decreased hepatic and renal necrosis induced by CCl4. The more significant dose resulted in reductions in AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, and bilirubin of 54, 27, 56, 36, and 17%, respectively. Ethanolic extract 200 mg/kg/day also shows a reduction in elevated levels of Creatinine, Urea, Uric Acid, and Total Protein by 61%, 58%, 29%, and 9%, respectively. Conclusion: Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities of ethanol extract of Vitis vinifera were demonstrated, with ethanol extract to 200 mg/kg/day being the most effective. This presents scientific evidence for using medicinal plants such as Vitis vinifera in managing liver and kidney disorders.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.10.15
Sakthibalan M, M. Adhimoolam, Indumathi C
Background: In India, medical devices are considered as drugs. A medical device may lead to problems either due to a defect during manufacture or transport, improper handling by health care professionals or patients, or failure to comply with recommendations. Aim & Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Materiovigilance among health professionals at the Tertiary Care Hospital. Methods: This was a Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Based study. The questionnaires were circulated among 100 medical professionals. The structured survey tool comprised of two parts. The first part contains demographic data, and the second part consists of 15 questions, with 5 each pertaining to the awareness, attitude, and practice domains. All the data were entered into a Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using GraphPad Instat software version 5.0. Results: Medical professionals with above-average knowledge scores were 57 %, and the practice percentage of Materiovigilance was 60%, but there is a positive attitude (72%) towards Materiovigilance. A significant difference was noted Between the knowledge scores of professors and residents (p-value - 0.0491). There was no significant difference in knowledge scores between medical, surgical, and pre/para specialties. However, there was a positive correlation between the knowledge and attitude scores of the medical professionals. Conclusion: We conclude that the Knowledge aspect and also the practice of Materiovigilance among Physicians in our tertiary care hospital is lacking. However, their positive attitude to reporting adverse events is reassuring.
{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Materiovigilance among physicians in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital in Puducherry- a cross sectional study","authors":"Sakthibalan M, M. Adhimoolam, Indumathi C","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.10.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.10.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In India, medical devices are considered as drugs. A medical device may lead to problems either due to a defect during manufacture or transport, improper handling by health care professionals or patients, or failure to comply with recommendations. Aim & Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Materiovigilance among health professionals at the Tertiary Care Hospital. Methods: This was a Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Based study. The questionnaires were circulated among 100 medical professionals. The structured survey tool comprised of two parts. The first part contains demographic data, and the second part consists of 15 questions, with 5 each pertaining to the awareness, attitude, and practice domains. All the data were entered into a Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using GraphPad Instat software version 5.0. Results: Medical professionals with above-average knowledge scores were 57 %, and the practice percentage of Materiovigilance was 60%, but there is a positive attitude (72%) towards Materiovigilance. A significant difference was noted Between the knowledge scores of professors and residents (p-value - 0.0491). There was no significant difference in knowledge scores between medical, surgical, and pre/para specialties. However, there was a positive correlation between the knowledge and attitude scores of the medical professionals. Conclusion: We conclude that the Knowledge aspect and also the practice of Materiovigilance among Physicians in our tertiary care hospital is lacking. However, their positive attitude to reporting adverse events is reassuring.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"11 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.16.21
H. Kannapan, Dr Subhashini, Abhishri Lakshmi
Background: Many people have considerable anxiety when having magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fear during an MRI causes the process to drag on longer and the quality of the images to decline, which increases expenses and requires labor loss. Objective: This study sought to determine how vocal and written information affected patients' anxiety during MRI procedures. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study with 300 participants was conducted. The investigation occurred in March and April of 2022 at the tertiary care hospital's radiology department. Three participant groups were formed: group 1 received textual material, group 2 served as the control group, and so on; and group 3 learned about counseling. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), a measure of anxiety levels, was used to determine the people's traits and state of anxiety. Results: The three groups' trait anxiety scores did not significantly differ (p = 0.20) from each other's demographic features. Statistically speaking, group 3's state anxiety levels were lower than those of group 2 and the control group. Group 2's state anxiety levels were statistically lower (p<0.001) than those of the control group. Conclusion:Verbal and written information can help to lessen MRI anxiety. Written information may not be as good at lowering MRI anxiety as verbal information.
{"title":"Effectiveness and usage of written and verbal counselling information on anxiety in MRI at a tertiary care hospital in Chennai","authors":"H. Kannapan, Dr Subhashini, Abhishri Lakshmi","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.16.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.16.21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many people have considerable anxiety when having magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fear during an MRI causes the process to drag on longer and the quality of the images to decline, which increases expenses and requires labor loss. Objective: This study sought to determine how vocal and written information affected patients' anxiety during MRI procedures. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study with 300 participants was conducted. The investigation occurred in March and April of 2022 at the tertiary care hospital's radiology department. Three participant groups were formed: group 1 received textual material, group 2 served as the control group, and so on; and group 3 learned about counseling. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), a measure of anxiety levels, was used to determine the people's traits and state of anxiety. Results: The three groups' trait anxiety scores did not significantly differ (p = 0.20) from each other's demographic features. Statistically speaking, group 3's state anxiety levels were lower than those of group 2 and the control group. Group 2's state anxiety levels were statistically lower (p<0.001) than those of the control group. Conclusion:Verbal and written information can help to lessen MRI anxiety. Written information may not be as good at lowering MRI anxiety as verbal information.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Herbal cosmetics, particularly herbal hair oils, have gained popularity due to their perceived efficacy and minimal adverse effects. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate herbal hair oils for promoting hair growth. Methodology: Various herbal extracts, including Coconut, Curry leaves, Amla, Fenugreek, and Onion, were prepared and incorporated into virgin Coconut oil. Phytochemical screening, total flavonoid content, organoleptic evaluation, chemical analysis (acid value, saponification value, specific gravity), stability studies, antioxidant assay (DPPH), antimicrobial assay, sensitivity studies, and in-vivo hair growth activity were conducted. Results: Organoleptic evaluation revealed characteristic odors and colors across formulations. Chemical analysis showed acceptable values for acid value (0.68 - 1.86 mg KOH/g), saponification value (117.87 - 224.27 mg KOH/g), and specific gravity (0.865 - 0.933 g/cm^3). Stability studies over 45 days demonstrated consistent physicochemical properties. The DPPH assay indicated dose-dependent antioxidant activity, with inhibition ranging from 13.8% to 66.5%. Antimicrobial assay showed inhibition zones ranging from 6 mm to 20 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. Sensitivity studies exhibited no adverse reactions. In-vivo hair growth activity demonstrated significant improvements compared to controls. Discussion: The formulated herbal hair oils exhibited promising physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial efficacy, safety, and hair growth promotion in animal models. These findings suggest their potential as natural remedies for hair care. Conclusion: Herbal hair oils formulated in this study show significant potential for promoting hair growth and addressing hair-related concerns. Whereas, formulation F3 shown significant efficacy across multiple parameters among the formulations. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to validate their efficacy and safety for human use.
{"title":"Preparation of herbal hair oil exploring the therapeutic benefits of herbs and its evaluation","authors":"Dhiraj Baishya, Ananta Choudhury, Himangshu Deka, Nurjamal Hoque, Rosamund Jyrwa, Jahnabi Sarmah","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.116.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.116.127","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Herbal cosmetics, particularly herbal hair oils, have gained popularity due to their perceived efficacy and minimal adverse effects. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate herbal hair oils for promoting hair growth. Methodology: Various herbal extracts, including Coconut, Curry leaves, Amla, Fenugreek, and Onion, were prepared and incorporated into virgin Coconut oil. Phytochemical screening, total flavonoid content, organoleptic evaluation, chemical analysis (acid value, saponification value, specific gravity), stability studies, antioxidant assay (DPPH), antimicrobial assay, sensitivity studies, and in-vivo hair growth activity were conducted. Results: Organoleptic evaluation revealed characteristic odors and colors across formulations. Chemical analysis showed acceptable values for acid value (0.68 - 1.86 mg KOH/g), saponification value (117.87 - 224.27 mg KOH/g), and specific gravity (0.865 - 0.933 g/cm^3). Stability studies over 45 days demonstrated consistent physicochemical properties. The DPPH assay indicated dose-dependent antioxidant activity, with inhibition ranging from 13.8% to 66.5%. Antimicrobial assay showed inhibition zones ranging from 6 mm to 20 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. Sensitivity studies exhibited no adverse reactions. In-vivo hair growth activity demonstrated significant improvements compared to controls. Discussion: The formulated herbal hair oils exhibited promising physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial efficacy, safety, and hair growth promotion in animal models. These findings suggest their potential as natural remedies for hair care. Conclusion: Herbal hair oils formulated in this study show significant potential for promoting hair growth and addressing hair-related concerns. Whereas, formulation F3 shown significant efficacy across multiple parameters among the formulations. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to validate their efficacy and safety for human use.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.65.70
M. C. S. Reddy, G. L. Sushmita
Background: Bone thinning and emphysema are established diseases caused by tobacco-related products proven beyond doubt. A paucity of literature available to establish the association between them. Objectives: To explore the association between the different emphysema subtypes and the presence of low bone mineral density among a population of active or former smokers with and without an established diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: 100 active and former smokers with chronic airway disease attending the Pulmonology Outpatient Department were identified, and they were administered clinical questionnaires, pulmonary function tests, chest computed tomography, and DEXA scans. Appropriate statistical tests were performed to analyze the association between the different emphysema subtypes, low bone mineral density, and smoking in the study participants. Results: Out of 100 samples, 80 % of the patients had low BMD (25 had osteoporosis, and 55 had osteopenia). Emphysema was more frequent and severe in patients with osteoporosis (63.2 vs. 36.8%, p=<0.01). For analyzing significant co-factors, a multivariable analysis was done, which yielded Body Mass Index (Odds ratio of 0.89 with a 95% Confidence Interval of 0.67–1.23) and the presence of centrilobular emphysema as most commonly associated with osteoporosis. (Odds ratio of 35.25, with a 95% confidence interval of 3.23 to 401.63). Conclusion: Patients having increased Body Mass Index (BMI) and the presence of centrilobular emphysema are having osteoporosis irrespective of their smoking status, which implicates BMI, and centrilobular emphysema has to be considered while evaluating COPD patients.
背景：骨质疏松和肺气肿是已被证实的由烟草相关产品引起的疾病，这一点毋庸置疑。但现有的文献很少能证明它们之间的联系。研究目的在已确诊或未确诊慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）的活跃吸烟者或曾经吸烟者中，探讨不同肺气肿亚型与骨矿物质密度低之间的关系。方法：确定了 100 名在肺科门诊就诊的患有慢性气道疾病的现役或退役吸烟者，并对他们进行了临床问卷调查、肺功能测试、胸部计算机断层扫描和 DEXA 扫描。研究人员进行了适当的统计检验，以分析不同肺气肿亚型、低骨矿物质密度和吸烟之间的关联。结果显示在 100 个样本中，80% 的患者骨密度较低（25 人骨质疏松症，55 人骨质疏松症）。肺气肿在骨质疏松症患者中更为常见和严重（63.2% 对 36.8%，P=<0.01）。为分析重要的辅助因素，进行了多变量分析，结果显示身体质量指数（Odds ratio of 0.89，95% Confidence Interval of 0.67-1.23）和存在中心叶肺气肿与骨质疏松症最为相关。(其概率比为 35.25，95% 置信区间为 3.23 至 401.63）。结论体重指数（BMI）升高和存在中央叶状肺气肿的患者，无论其吸烟状况如何，都有骨质疏松症，这与体重指数有关，在评估慢性阻塞性肺病患者时必须考虑中央叶状肺气肿。
{"title":"Comparative study of bone mineral density, phenotypes of emphysema in patients with or without established diagnosis of chronic airway disease","authors":"M. C. S. Reddy, G. L. Sushmita","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.65.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.65.70","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bone thinning and emphysema are established diseases caused by tobacco-related products proven beyond doubt. A paucity of literature available to establish the association between them. Objectives: To explore the association between the different emphysema subtypes and the presence of low bone mineral density among a population of active or former smokers with and without an established diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: 100 active and former smokers with chronic airway disease attending the Pulmonology Outpatient Department were identified, and they were administered clinical questionnaires, pulmonary function tests, chest computed tomography, and DEXA scans. Appropriate statistical tests were performed to analyze the association between the different emphysema subtypes, low bone mineral density, and smoking in the study participants. Results: Out of 100 samples, 80 % of the patients had low BMD (25 had osteoporosis, and 55 had osteopenia). Emphysema was more frequent and severe in patients with osteoporosis (63.2 vs. 36.8%, p=<0.01). For analyzing significant co-factors, a multivariable analysis was done, which yielded Body Mass Index (Odds ratio of 0.89 with a 95% Confidence Interval of 0.67–1.23) and the presence of centrilobular emphysema as most commonly associated with osteoporosis. (Odds ratio of 35.25, with a 95% confidence interval of 3.23 to 401.63). Conclusion: Patients having increased Body Mass Index (BMI) and the presence of centrilobular emphysema are having osteoporosis irrespective of their smoking status, which implicates BMI, and centrilobular emphysema has to be considered while evaluating COPD patients.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"13 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.4.15.18
Nisha Dulani, Harish Dulani, Tapan Kumar De
Purpose: To test an alternative method of visual acuity assessment by comparing habitual and best-corrected visual acuity by Snellen and Peek (a visual acuity testing smartphone application). Methods: A prospective study comparing visual acuity using Snellen's and Peek's visual acuity charts (smartphone-based applications). 162 eyes were assessed in this hospital-based setting by a single observer. Patients with gross ocular pathology and visual acuity less than 6/60 were excluded from the study. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between best corrected visual acuity by Snellens and Peeks'. Snellen's mean best corrected visual acuity was 0.9902 (±0.075), and Peek acuity was 0.9875 (±0.080). Conclusion: The visual acuity assessment by Peek is comparable to that of Snellen's; hence, it can be used as an excellent alternative to Snellens' visual acuity testing.
{"title":"Comparison of smartphone based peek visual acuity with Snellen Visual Acuity","authors":"Nisha Dulani, Harish Dulani, Tapan Kumar De","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.4.15.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.4.15.18","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To test an alternative method of visual acuity assessment by comparing habitual and best-corrected visual acuity by Snellen and Peek (a visual acuity testing smartphone application). Methods: A prospective study comparing visual acuity using Snellen's and Peek's visual acuity charts (smartphone-based applications). 162 eyes were assessed in this hospital-based setting by a single observer. Patients with gross ocular pathology and visual acuity less than 6/60 were excluded from the study. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between best corrected visual acuity by Snellens and Peeks'. Snellen's mean best corrected visual acuity was 0.9902 (±0.075), and Peek acuity was 0.9875 (±0.080). Conclusion: The visual acuity assessment by Peek is comparable to that of Snellen's; hence, it can be used as an excellent alternative to Snellens' visual acuity testing.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139307846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.4.10.14
Seshadhri Arumugam, S. Balabaskaran, B. A. Abhilash, K. Sowmiya, K. Baalann, B. N. Surya
Background: The incidence of myopia is increasing at an alarming rate. Investigating the causes of myopia gives us a better understanding of it. This gives us better odds of preventing the occurrence and retarding the condition's progression. The study used a method called stratified sampling to select 100 individuals who were near-sighted. They belonged to the age of 17-30 years old and pursued medicine in the district of Kanchipuram. The role of risk factors was assessed through a questionnaire. Result: The percentage of subjects with low, medium, and high myopia was 77, 18, and 5, respectively. The role of heredity, diet, academic performance, time spent doing near work, and outdoor work was indeed found to play significant roles in the development and progression of myopia. Conclusion: The incidence of myopia is constantly increasing, especially in Asian countries. To prevent myopia and its complications, we need to take significant steps to reduce the risk factors that can be changed.
{"title":"Study of risk factors in myopic individuals among medical students in Chennai, Tamil Nadu","authors":"Seshadhri Arumugam, S. Balabaskaran, B. A. Abhilash, K. Sowmiya, K. Baalann, B. N. Surya","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.4.10.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.4.10.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The incidence of myopia is increasing at an alarming rate. Investigating the causes of myopia gives us a better understanding of it. This gives us better odds of preventing the occurrence and retarding the condition's progression. The study used a method called stratified sampling to select 100 individuals who were near-sighted. They belonged to the age of 17-30 years old and pursued medicine in the district of Kanchipuram. The role of risk factors was assessed through a questionnaire. Result: The percentage of subjects with low, medium, and high myopia was 77, 18, and 5, respectively. The role of heredity, diet, academic performance, time spent doing near work, and outdoor work was indeed found to play significant roles in the development and progression of myopia. Conclusion: The incidence of myopia is constantly increasing, especially in Asian countries. To prevent myopia and its complications, we need to take significant steps to reduce the risk factors that can be changed.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139309464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.4.27.34
J. R. Thenmozhi, Shahanaz S, Suba G. A. Manuel
Background: The fruit peel wastes produced during the processing of different agriculture-related products after production are not utilized to their full potential, and their environmental impact has become a significant global issue. Citrus peel waste is rich in nutrients and has biopotential activity. Objective: The main objective of the current study is to analyze peels of Citrus limetta qualitatively and quantitatively and synthesize Zinc oxide Nanoparticles using the green synthesis method. Methodology: The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial activity of C. limetta peels ZnO NPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated by the Agar Disc Diffusion method. Results: The UV-Vis spectrum was measured in the 200 – 400 nm range, and the crystalline structure was analyzed via XRD. SEM/EDS analysis confirmed the nano-spherical structures and the agglomeration of the synthesized ZnO NPs. A minimal inhibitory effect against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa by C. limetta peels ZnO NPs was observed. Conclusion: Hence, the green synthesized ZnO NPs offer an effective and economical way to utilize citrus peel waste in both food and non-food sectors.
{"title":"Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using peels of Citrus limetta and evaluation of their antibacterial activity","authors":"J. R. Thenmozhi, Shahanaz S, Suba G. A. Manuel","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.4.27.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.4.27.34","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The fruit peel wastes produced during the processing of different agriculture-related products after production are not utilized to their full potential, and their environmental impact has become a significant global issue. Citrus peel waste is rich in nutrients and has biopotential activity. Objective: The main objective of the current study is to analyze peels of Citrus limetta qualitatively and quantitatively and synthesize Zinc oxide Nanoparticles using the green synthesis method. Methodology: The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial activity of C. limetta peels ZnO NPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated by the Agar Disc Diffusion method. Results: The UV-Vis spectrum was measured in the 200 – 400 nm range, and the crystalline structure was analyzed via XRD. SEM/EDS analysis confirmed the nano-spherical structures and the agglomeration of the synthesized ZnO NPs. A minimal inhibitory effect against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa by C. limetta peels ZnO NPs was observed. Conclusion: Hence, the green synthesized ZnO NPs offer an effective and economical way to utilize citrus peel waste in both food and non-food sectors.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139308515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.4.35.40
Kaavya M, Nithin Palanisami P S, Rashmi Thakur, Saru Sree Mu
Background: In recent times, there's a noticeable rise in endocrine dysfunctions, with increasing clinical resemblance between PCOS and autoimmune thyroid disease. The exact cause of this association remains uncertain, but these conditions share a reciprocal relationship. While they exhibit common clinical features, risk factors, and pathophysiological abnormalities, the root causes differ. Polycystic ovaries can be a manifestation of hypothyroidism, making it necessary to rule out hypothyroidism before diagnosing PCOS. Common factors like increased adipose tissue, insulin resistance, high leptin, and abnormal autoimmunity play a vital role in linking these conditions. These shared signs and symptoms emphasize the association between PCOS and hypothyroidism, though the etiopathological basis of this complex relationship is not fully established. Methodology: Cross-Sectional study of 200 patients involved after history, examination. Statistical analysis by SPSS v.22. Result: In this study, we aimed to evaluate thyroid function in PCOS patients using serum TSH levels and estimate the prevalence of hypothyroidism. We also examined prolactin levels in diagnosed PCOS patients, considering criteria like age distribution, BMI, clinical manifestations, fertility status, and thyroid status. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that PCOS is more prevalent in patients with thyroid disorders such as autoimmune thyroiditis and subclinical hypothyroidism compared to the general population. Additionally, PCOS increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and dyslipidemia. Subclinical hypothyroidism with PCOS further elevates the risk of hypertension compared to euthyroid PCOS patients. The study reveals that thyroid dysfunction occurs in 29.0% of PCOS patients, emphasizing importance of screening for thyroid abnormalities in PCOS patients.
{"title":"Case study of thyroid dysfunction associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)","authors":"Kaavya M, Nithin Palanisami P S, Rashmi Thakur, Saru Sree Mu","doi":"10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.4.35.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.4.35.40","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent times, there's a noticeable rise in endocrine dysfunctions, with increasing clinical resemblance between PCOS and autoimmune thyroid disease. The exact cause of this association remains uncertain, but these conditions share a reciprocal relationship. While they exhibit common clinical features, risk factors, and pathophysiological abnormalities, the root causes differ. Polycystic ovaries can be a manifestation of hypothyroidism, making it necessary to rule out hypothyroidism before diagnosing PCOS. Common factors like increased adipose tissue, insulin resistance, high leptin, and abnormal autoimmunity play a vital role in linking these conditions. These shared signs and symptoms emphasize the association between PCOS and hypothyroidism, though the etiopathological basis of this complex relationship is not fully established. Methodology: Cross-Sectional study of 200 patients involved after history, examination. Statistical analysis by SPSS v.22. Result: In this study, we aimed to evaluate thyroid function in PCOS patients using serum TSH levels and estimate the prevalence of hypothyroidism. We also examined prolactin levels in diagnosed PCOS patients, considering criteria like age distribution, BMI, clinical manifestations, fertility status, and thyroid status. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that PCOS is more prevalent in patients with thyroid disorders such as autoimmune thyroiditis and subclinical hypothyroidism compared to the general population. Additionally, PCOS increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and dyslipidemia. Subclinical hypothyroidism with PCOS further elevates the risk of hypertension compared to euthyroid PCOS patients. The study reveals that thyroid dysfunction occurs in 29.0% of PCOS patients, emphasizing importance of screening for thyroid abnormalities in PCOS patients.","PeriodicalId":15232,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139307340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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