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The Secret World of Lichens: A Young Naturalists Guide 地衣的秘密世界小博物学家指南
Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v53i1.11824
Kendra Driscoll
N/A
不适用
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引用次数: 0
Population characteristics and movements of striped bass Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792) in the Mira River estuary, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada 加拿大新斯科舍省布雷顿角岛米拉河河口带鱼 Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792) 的种群特征和活动情况
Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v53i1.11821
M. Dadswell, C. Buhariwalla, S. Andrews, M. Stokesbury, John L. MacMillan
The occurrence of striped bass outside the immediate vicinity of known spawning rivers in Canada is neither widely understood nor well studied. Striped bass in Canada are managed and assessed within three distinct units, the Bay of Fundy, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the St. Lawrence River; but stocks that may occur outside these units are unrecognized. We document a previously unstudied aggregation of striped bass in the Mira River estuary (MRe), Cape Breton Island (46° 01′N, 60° 03′W), a location on the east coast of Nova Scotia omitted from present management units but which has been long reported to host an aggregation. From July 2012 to November 2014, 62 striped bass within MRe were sampled and 31 were surgically implanted with VEMCO acoustic transmitters. Striped bass ranged in size from 31.6 to 125.0 cm total length and age 3 to 24 years. Acoustic telemetry from 2012 to 2015 elucidated residency and fidelity to the MRe with mid-estuary overwintering every year, freshwater residency of the adult population during spring, and a summer through autumn aggregation in the lower estuary. Of the 31 acoustically tagged striped bass, 24 remained in MRe throughout the study, six exhibited mid-summer departures to the Atlantic Ocean but returned by mid-autumn, while one left the MRe and was never detected again. Mira River SB with acoustic tags were never detected at nearby Ocean Tracking Network telemetry infrastructure. Striped bass stocks exhibit similar residency and fidelity patterns to their natal rivers and estuaries elsewhere in its Atlantic coast range which suggests the Mira River aggregation constitutes a possible distinct stock yet unrecognized by Canadian fisheries managers.
对于加拿大已知产卵河流附近以外的带鱼分布情况,既没有广泛的了解,也没有进行充分的研究。加拿大的带鱼是在三个不同的单元(芬迪湾、圣劳伦斯湾和圣劳伦斯河)内进行管理和评估的;但可能出现在这些单元之外的种群却未得到认可。我们记录了布雷顿角岛米拉河口(北纬 46°01′,西经 60°03′)以前未曾研究过的带鱼聚集地,该地点位于新斯科舍省东海岸,未列入目前的管理单元,但长期以来一直有报告称该地点有带鱼聚集。从 2012 年 7 月到 2014 年 11 月,在 MRe 范围内对 62 条带鱼进行了采样,并通过手术为 31 条带鱼植入了 VEMCO 声学发射器。带鱼的体型从总长 31.6 厘米到 125.0 厘米不等,年龄从 3 岁到 24 岁不等。2012 年至 2015 年的声学遥测结果表明,带鱼每年都在河口中部越冬,成年种群在春季居住在淡水中,夏季至秋季聚集在河口下游,从而阐明了带鱼在 MRe 的居住地和忠实性。在 31 条被声学标记的带鱼中,24 条在整个研究期间都留在 MRe,6 条在仲夏前往大西洋,但在中秋前返回,而 1 条离开 MRe 后再也没有被发现。在附近的海洋追踪网络遥测基础设施中,从未发现带有声学标签的米拉河 SB。带鱼种群在其大西洋沿岸分布的其他地方表现出类似的栖息和忠实于其出生地河流和河口的模式,这表明米拉河带鱼群可能是一个独特的种群,但尚未被加拿大渔业管理人员认识到。
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引用次数: 0
The Violinist’s Thumb and Other Lost Tales of Love, War, and Genius, as Written by our Genetic Code 小提琴家的拇指和其他失落的爱情、战争和天才故事,由我们的遗传密码书写
Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v53i1.11827
David H.S. Richardson
N/A
不适用
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引用次数: 0
Twenty years of ecological research in Nova Scotia wilderness areas and nature reserves: A review of studies, 2002 to 2022 新斯科舍省荒野地区和自然保护区20年生态研究:2002年至2022年研究综述
Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11497
R. Cameron
The following paper is a review of the research undertaken over the last twenty years in Wilderness Areas and Nature Reserves in Nova Scotia. A brief summary is presented of the main findings of each research project conducted by the author or contributed to by the author in a significant way. Inventories have included eleven bioblitzes and over four thousand plots from systematic transects. These have revealed significant new records for species including those of conservation concern. Results suggest there are many species than have not been identified in protected areas. Geographical Information System (GIS) Ecological Land Classification was completed for Nova Scotia and this led to ecosystem gap analysis to determine ecosystems that are not well represented in the current protected areas system. Long-term monitoring, using biodiversity transects and lichens, indicates that air quality is good throughout the protected areas system. Forests are returning to a more climax condition and with the exception of a few instances, non-native plants are generally not problematic. Carbon modeling of protected areas suggests that they will be a carbon sink for the next one hundred years and would be a carbon source if managed for forestry. Protected areas are well suited to provide ideal optimal settings in which climate change adaptation and mitigation can take place.  Planning for climate change within protected areas can be facilitated by a Climate Change Adaptation Framework.Research on species of special concern in protected areas has included turtles, Mainland Moose, Canada Lynx, America Marten, Lichens, Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora, forest plants and Piping Plover. Research on rare, sensitive, vulnerable ecosystems has involved predictive modeling and identification and characterization of heathlands, forest wetlands and Jack pine woodlands. Old Growth Forest research has included predictive modeling, biological inventories, dendrochronology studies and scoring using indicators. Human activities adjacent to protected areas can cause deleterious edge effects. An ongoing study in the Cloud Lake Wilderness Area is measuring the effect of adjacent forestry on birds and plants within the Wilderness Area. Several studies on connectivity have looked at the increase in connectivity caused by the establishment of protected areas in Nova Scotia. Other efforts on connectivity have identified key nodes of connectivity within the province which require protection. Human use of protected areas can lead to damage of ecosystems and so investigations on human use of protected areas has been focussed on motorized vehicles and to a lesser extent on human foot traffic. Although there have been many ecological studies in protected areas over the last twenty years, it is evident that there still is a great deal that is unknown about the biodiversity of protected areas. 
本文综述了近二十年来在新斯科舍省荒野地区和自然保护区进行的研究。简要总结了作者进行的或作者以重要方式贡献的每个研究项目的主要发现。清单包括11个生物闪电式调查和4000多个系统样带样地。这些发现揭示了重要的新物种记录,包括那些受保护的物种。结果表明,在保护区内,有许多物种尚未被发现。地理信息系统(GIS)生态土地分类完成了新斯科舍省,这导致了生态系统差距分析,以确定在现有保护区系统中没有很好代表的生态系统。利用生物多样性样带和地衣进行的长期监测表明,整个保护区系统的空气质量都很好。森林正在恢复到一个更顶极的状态,除了少数情况外,非本地植物通常没有问题。保护区的碳模型表明,它们将成为未来100年的碳汇,如果对林业进行管理,它们将成为碳源。保护区非常适合提供适应和减缓气候变化的理想最佳环境。气候变化适应框架可以促进保护区内的气候变化规划。对保护区特别关注的物种进行了研究,包括海龟、大陆驼鹿、加拿大猞猁、美洲貂、地衣、大西洋沿岸平原植物、森林植物和管鸻。对稀有、敏感、脆弱生态系统的研究包括对石楠地、森林湿地和杰克松林地的预测建模、识别和表征。古老森林的研究包括预测模型、生物清单、树木年代学研究和使用指标评分。在保护区附近的人类活动会造成有害的边缘效应。一项正在云湖荒野地区进行的研究正在测量附近森林对荒野地区鸟类和植物的影响。几项关于连通性的研究着眼于新斯科舍省建立保护区所导致的连通性的增加。在互联互通方面的其他努力已经确定了省内需要保护的关键互联互通节点。人类对保护区的使用可能导致生态系统的破坏,因此对人类使用保护区的调查主要集中在机动车辆上,而对人类步行交通的调查较少。尽管近二十年来对保护区进行了大量的生态研究,但很明显,保护区的生物多样性仍有许多不为人知的地方。
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引用次数: 0
Loon Watch – 25 years of successful volunteer citizen science at Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia 潜龙观察-在新斯科舍省Kejimkujik国家公园25年成功的公民科学志愿者
Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11494
J. Kerekes, P. Hope
N/A
N/A
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引用次数: 0
A tribute to Dr. Archibald Wilson McCulloch, former NSIS president and NRC research scientist 致敬阿奇博尔德·威尔逊·麦卡洛克博士,前NSIS主席和NRC研究科学家
Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11492
J. Walter
N/A
N/A
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引用次数: 0
Carbon cycling and redox chemistry in an anoxic marine basin, Bras d’Or Lake, Nova Scotia 新斯科舍bra d 'Or湖缺氧海相盆地的碳循环和氧化还原化学
Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11495
S. Punshon, K. Azetsu-Scott, B. Hatcher
Measurements of oxygen, methane, pCO2, total dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, sulphide and nutrients were made in June, October and December 2017 in Whycocomagh Bay, a small marine basin at the western end of the Bras d’Or Lake estuarine system in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. Dissolved oxygen was absent in the deep basin, similar to observations made in the years 1974, 1995-1997, and 2009-2021. Profiles of total dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity were largely consistent with the sulphate reduction of particulate organic matter, having a Redfield stoichiometry of 106C:16N:1.6P. The concentration of dissolved methane ranged between 19-35 nmol L-1 (727-1147% saturation) above the thermocline, and reached 34.74 µmol L-1, (931,900% saturation) in the deep anoxic zone. The potential rate of microbial methane oxidation at the base of the oxycline, determined from an incubation experiment, was 0.34 µmol L-1 d-1, potentially acting to mitigate the flux of methane to the atmosphere. Deep water H2S concentrations ranged from 747 to 1,074 µmol L-1, more than a tenfold increase since the 1995-1997 study, with substantial increases also in ammonium and phosphate concentrations, likely as a result of eutrophication over the last two decades. Whycocomagh Bay presents an opportunity to study extreme marine redox chemistry at an easily accessible site.Keywords: Anoxic, methane, carbon cycle, carbon dioxide
2017年6月、10月和12月,在新斯科舍省布雷顿角布拉斯达尔湖河口系统西端的一个小型海洋盆地——Whycocomagh湾,测量了氧气、甲烷、二氧化碳分位、总溶解无机碳、总碱度、硫化物和营养物质。深盆地中不存在溶解氧,与1974年、1995-1997年和2009-2021年的观测结果相似。总溶解无机碳和总碱度分布与颗粒有机质的硫酸盐还原基本一致,Redfield化学计量为106C:16N:1.6P。在温跃层以上,溶解甲烷浓度为19 ~ 35 nmol L-1(饱和度为727 ~ 1147%);在深层缺氧区,溶解甲烷浓度为34.74µmol L-1(饱和度为931,900%)。通过孵育实验确定,在氧化层底部微生物甲烷氧化的潜在速率为0.34µmol L-1 d-1,可能起到减缓甲烷进入大气的作用。深水H2S浓度范围从747到1,074 μ mol L-1,比1995-1997年的研究增加了十倍以上,铵和磷酸盐浓度也大幅增加,可能是过去20年富营养化的结果。Whycocomagh湾提供了一个在一个容易到达的地点研究极端海洋氧化还原化学的机会。关键词:缺氧,甲烷,碳循环,二氧化碳
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引用次数: 0
Sydney Harbour: Seiches, tides and mean circulation 悉尼港:海浪、潮汐和平均环流
Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11496
B. Petrie
Beginning with observations from 1901, sea level elevations and currents from Sydney Harbour are examined across a broad frequency range. The mean currents, annual components of sea level, tides and seiches, mainly in the South Arm, are the focus. Tidal and mean currents are ~0.01 m s-1. The general circulation is estuarine-like with a thin, near-surface outflow layer and a thicker, deeper inflow. The distribution of contaminants in bottom sediments suggests the circulation, though weak, plays a retentive role in the Arm, transporting sediments towards its head. Analysis of 11-years of sea level data indicates a strong annual cycle, more energetic during winter than from late spring to early fall. The increased energy occurred at all frequencies except for tides. Seiches, with periods of ~0.5 to 2 h, emerge as a strong contributor to sea level and currents. The distributions of elevation and flow amplitudes associated with seiches were derived. With maximum observed values of 0.74 m and 0.24 m s-1, seiche displacements and currents can exceed those associated with tides and the mean circulation. While earlier studies identified only the dominant fundamental seiche mode, recent sea level data sampled at 1-minute show that modes 2-4 occur. Keywords: Sydney Harbour, sea level, mean circulation, tides, seiches
从1901年的观测开始,在广泛的频率范围内检查了悉尼港的海平面高度和水流。研究的重点是平均海流、海平面的年组成部分、潮汐和洪水,主要集中在南臂。潮汐和平均海流为~0.01 m s-1。总的环流是河口状的,有一个薄的近地表流出层和一个厚的深的流入层。底部沉积物中污染物的分布表明,环流虽然很弱,但在Arm中起着保留作用,将沉积物输送到它的头部。对11年海平面数据的分析表明,年周期很强,冬季比晚春到初秋期间更有活力。增加的能量出现在除了潮汐以外的所有频率。周期为0.5 ~ 2小时的海啸对海平面和海流的影响很大。推导了高程和流量幅值的分布规律。最大观测值为0.74 m s-1和0.24 m s-1,大潮位移和水流可超过与潮汐和平均环流有关的位移和水流。虽然早期的研究只确定了主要的基本海啸模式,但最近在1分钟内采样的海平面数据表明,模式2-4也会发生。关键词:悉尼港;海平面;平均环流
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引用次数: 0
Urban lichens: A field guide for northeastern North America 城市地衣:北美东北部的野外指南
Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11499
F. Anderson
N/A
N/A
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引用次数: 0
A primer of life histories. Ecology, evolution, and application 生活史的入门书。生态、进化和应用
Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11500
Jennifer Thornhill Verma
N/A
N/A
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS)
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