Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11498
Jillian R Taylor, L. Campbell, M. LeBlanc
Mercury (Hg) is a potentially toxic metal that has bioaccumulating and biomagnifying properties. In egg laying animals, it can be transferred from an adult female to offspring. However, in turtles, the inter-and-intra-nest variation of Hg concentrations remains unknown. We investigated the concentration of Hg in preyed-upon Common Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) eggshells. The variability in Hg contamination between and within each nest was assessed. In June 2021, 368 eggshells left behind by predators were sampled from 14 nests, from three different sites in southwest Nova Scotia. Ten eggshells were randomly selected from each nest for analysis. We found no correlation between estimated number of eggs in a nest and average nest Hg concentration. Significant inter-nest variation (Hg ranging from 12.0 ± 3.85 to 172.3 ± 43.9 µg/kg) and intra-nest variability may indicate maternal transfer. The collection of the shells of freshly preyed- upon eggs is a useful non-destructive sampling technique to maintain sustainable turtle populations. Our results demonstrate the need for further investigation into the impact of Hg on temperate, freshwater turtle reproduction. Keywords: mercury concentration, maternal transfer, common snapping turtle, eggshells
{"title":"An examination of mercury concentrations in eggshells of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) in Nova Scotia, Canada","authors":"Jillian R Taylor, L. Campbell, M. LeBlanc","doi":"10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11498","url":null,"abstract":"Mercury (Hg) is a potentially toxic metal that has bioaccumulating and biomagnifying properties. In egg laying animals, it can be transferred from an adult female to offspring. However, in turtles, the inter-and-intra-nest variation of Hg concentrations remains unknown. We investigated the concentration of Hg in preyed-upon Common Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) eggshells. The variability in Hg contamination between and within each nest was assessed. In June 2021, 368 eggshells left behind by predators were sampled from 14 nests, from three different sites in southwest Nova Scotia. Ten eggshells were randomly selected from each nest for analysis. We found no correlation between estimated number of eggs in a nest and average nest Hg concentration. Significant inter-nest variation (Hg ranging from 12.0 ± 3.85 to 172.3 ± 43.9 µg/kg) and intra-nest variability may indicate maternal transfer. The collection of the shells of freshly preyed- upon eggs is a useful non-destructive sampling technique to maintain sustainable turtle populations. Our results demonstrate the need for further investigation into the impact of Hg on temperate, freshwater turtle reproduction. Keywords: mercury concentration, maternal transfer, common snapping turtle, eggshells","PeriodicalId":153215,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127652431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11493
W. Watson-Wright
The one global ocean is receiving unprecedented attention recently, due to numerous factors such as the ocean’s role in climate change and the burgeoning blue economy. However, even though the ocean allows life on this planet, very little attention has been given to the complex relationship between the ocean and human health (OHH). USA and Europe have for a number of years focused funding on OHH as a meta-discipline (i.e., a discipline that includes the ideas and perspectives of a number of other disciplines), but Canada until now has not. This article examines the advancement of OHH and argues that Atlantic Canada could and should lead a Canadian meta-disciplinary program on the ocean and human health.Keywords: global ocean, human health, meta-discipline
{"title":"The ocean and human health as a meta-discipline: Opportunity for Atlantic Canada","authors":"W. Watson-Wright","doi":"10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11493","url":null,"abstract":"The one global ocean is receiving unprecedented attention recently, due to numerous factors such as the ocean’s role in climate change and the burgeoning blue economy. However, even though the ocean allows life on this planet, very little attention has been given to the complex relationship between the ocean and human health (OHH). USA and Europe have for a number of years focused funding on OHH as a meta-discipline (i.e., a discipline that includes the ideas and perspectives of a number of other disciplines), but Canada until now has not. This article examines the advancement of OHH and argues that Atlantic Canada could and should lead a Canadian meta-disciplinary program on the ocean and human health.Keywords: global ocean, human health, meta-discipline","PeriodicalId":153215,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129007159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11501
P. Wells
N/A
N/A
{"title":"Maritime marine life. Field guide to fishes, invertebrates and plants of the Northwest Atlantic","authors":"P. Wells","doi":"10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11501","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>N/A</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":153215,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130125681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11515
P. Wells
N/A
N/A
{"title":"Challenges for science and society in an era of rapid environmental change – a role for the NSIS?","authors":"P. Wells","doi":"10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v52i2.11515","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>N/A</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":153215,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126064255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v52i1.11371
E. Mills, L. Laviolette
This monograph is a revision and updating of our publication on the birds of Brier Island, Nova Scotia, published in the Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science in 2011. Known for its concentrations of seabirds and large volume of migration in spring and autumn, the island has gained constantly increasing attention by birders since it was first investigated by members of the Nova Scotia Bird Society in 1955. The past decade, since 2011, has seen a remarkable increase in bird reports, mainly due to increased field work by birders, but also because of the use of the online bird logging system eBird. The heart of this monograph is the annotated list of birds, which has been enlarged and revised in the light of new reports by field observers and new information from the ornithological literature. We have incorporated eBird observations, along with our personal records of occurrences and bird banding data into this revision, along with the changes in the order and arrangement of North American bird families as set out by the Checklist Committee of the American Ornithological Society. Three species, Pacific Golden-Plover, Brown Booby and Zone-tailed Hawk, have been added to the island checklist, and one has been lost, Thayer’s Gull, which has been incorporated into Iceland Gull. The total list of species reported from the island is 357, including two hypothetical species. The number of known breeding bird species has increased from 74 to 83. We also update ecological knowledge of the island as a result of recent fieldwork and the restoration of the Big Meadow Bog in support of Eastern Mountain Avens conservation.
{"title":"BIRDS OF BRIER ISLAND, NOVA SCOTIA, REVISED AND UPDATED","authors":"E. Mills, L. Laviolette","doi":"10.15273/pnsis.v52i1.11371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v52i1.11371","url":null,"abstract":"This monograph is a revision and updating of our publication on the birds of Brier Island, Nova Scotia, published in the Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science in 2011. Known for its concentrations of seabirds and large volume of migration in spring and autumn, the island has gained constantly increasing attention by birders since it was first investigated by members of the Nova Scotia Bird Society in 1955. The past decade, since 2011, has seen a remarkable increase in bird reports, mainly due to increased field work by birders, but also because of the use of the online bird logging system eBird. The heart of this monograph is the annotated list of birds, which has been enlarged and revised in the light of new reports by field observers and new information from the ornithological literature. We have incorporated eBird observations, along with our personal records of occurrences and bird banding data into this revision, along with the changes in the order and arrangement of North American bird families as set out by the Checklist Committee of the American Ornithological Society. Three species, Pacific Golden-Plover, Brown Booby and Zone-tailed Hawk, have been added to the island checklist, and one has been lost, Thayer’s Gull, which has been incorporated into Iceland Gull. The total list of species reported from the island is 357, including two hypothetical species. The number of known breeding bird species has increased from 74 to 83. We also update ecological knowledge of the island as a result of recent fieldwork and the restoration of the Big Meadow Bog in support of Eastern Mountain Avens conservation. ","PeriodicalId":153215,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133034929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v51i2.11160
G. Daborn
N/A
N/A
{"title":"An ever-inquiring mind: A tribute to Dr. J. Sherman Bleakney (1928-2019)","authors":"G. Daborn","doi":"10.15273/pnsis.v51i2.11160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v51i2.11160","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>N/A</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":153215,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130100419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v51i2.11175
R. Leblanc, J. MacMillan, D. Marcogliese, D. Cone
Parasite recruitment of recently emerged fry of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in three streams in southwestern Nova Scotia was documented. In early April, fry appeared to leave the protective gravel redds parasite free but began acquiring parasites within the next 2-4 weeks, with prevalence of infections of any given species reaching 21 to 46% by mid-May. The initial infections involved 1) directly transmitted ectoparasites Gyrodactylus colemanensis and Salmincola edwardsii and 2) food-borne endoparasites (Echinorhynchus lateralis and Crepidostomum sp.). Colonizing parasites found in the first month post-emergence varied by locality: at Bangor Creek, it involved G. colemanensis, E. lateralis, and Crepidostomum sp., while at Germaine East, it involved only G. colemanensis and at Germaine North, only S. edwardsii. In each case, the initial colonizers reflected what was abundant locally and within a regional pool of 10 parasite species. Localized skin thickening and sometimes tissue erosion were evident at sites of attachment of S. edwardsii. Minor disruption of fin margins was seen with G. colemanensis. No pathology was associated with E. lateralis nor Crepidostomum sp. The predictable timing of emergence and ease of sampling fry of S. fontinalis near redds represents a convenient system with which to assess impact of initial parasitism on fish recruitment at the local level. Keywords: Echinorhynchus, Gyrodactylus, initial parasite colonization, regional parasite pool, Salmincola
{"title":"Parasitism of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) during the first month post-emergence in streams in southwest Nova Scotia","authors":"R. Leblanc, J. MacMillan, D. Marcogliese, D. Cone","doi":"10.15273/pnsis.v51i2.11175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v51i2.11175","url":null,"abstract":"Parasite recruitment of recently emerged fry of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in three streams in southwestern Nova Scotia was documented. In early April, fry appeared to leave the protective gravel redds parasite free but began acquiring parasites within the next 2-4 weeks, with prevalence of infections of any given species reaching 21 to 46% by mid-May. The initial infections involved 1) directly transmitted ectoparasites Gyrodactylus colemanensis and Salmincola edwardsii and 2) food-borne endoparasites (Echinorhynchus lateralis and Crepidostomum sp.). Colonizing parasites found in the first month post-emergence varied by locality: at Bangor Creek, it involved G. colemanensis, E. lateralis, and Crepidostomum sp., while at Germaine East, it involved only G. colemanensis and at Germaine North, only S. edwardsii. In each case, the initial colonizers reflected what was abundant locally and within a regional pool of 10 parasite species. Localized skin thickening and sometimes tissue erosion were evident at sites of attachment of S. edwardsii. Minor disruption of fin margins was seen with G. colemanensis. No pathology was associated with E. lateralis nor Crepidostomum sp. The predictable timing of emergence and ease of sampling fry of S. fontinalis near redds represents a convenient system with which to assess impact of initial parasitism on fish recruitment at the local level. Keywords: Echinorhynchus, Gyrodactylus, initial parasite colonization, regional parasite pool, Salmincola","PeriodicalId":153215,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132620723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.15273/PNSIS.V51I2.11190
P. Wells, M. J. Butler, S. Eger
N/A
N/A
{"title":"Ocean literacy – communicating science in an ocean province","authors":"P. Wells, M. J. Butler, S. Eger","doi":"10.15273/PNSIS.V51I2.11190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15273/PNSIS.V51I2.11190","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>N/A</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":153215,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121201201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v51i2.11174
D. Garbary, N. M. Hill
An analysis of temperature in Nova Scotia, using climate normals for 1961-1990 and temperature records from 1961 to 2020, is presented for 16 sites across the province. These records show a slight warming trend in the first 40 years from 6.0 ± 0.5 °C (1961-1990), followed by a more significant increase in average temperature post-1990 of 1.0 °C to 6.7 ± 0.5 °C, and to 7.0 ± 0.5 in the post-1998 period. A jump in average temperature in 1998 is such that in only a few following years did the mean annual temperature fall below the average annual temperature for the previous period. A step change was coincident with La Niña events and increasing Atlantic Ocean temperatures associated with a shift of the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation into a positive phase. The increase in mean monthly temperatures was more apparent in the Autumn when first frosts were later and there were fewer days with frost. This led to a significant increase in continuous frost-free days of 9.2 ± 7.9 days, with increases ranging from 0.4 to 30.6 days. Relative to other sites, Yarmouth had the smallest annual increase in mean temperature, of 0.5 °C, but this was associated with a major increase in continuous frost-free days, of 11.3. Because overall temperature change was based largely on a step change post-1998, rather than a continuous, gradual change (seen only in frost-free days), it is difficult to calculate a rate, or to predict future patterns of temperature increases. We suggest a significant influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation and Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation as potential contributors to the temperature increase. Increases in annual temperature and seasonality are discussed in terms of flowering phenology, including flowering in the Spring of 2021 when 31 species were blooming by the end of April.Keywords: climate change, climate normal, flowering phenology, Nova Scotia, temperature, weather
{"title":"Climate change in Nova Scotia: temperature increases from 1961 to 2020","authors":"D. Garbary, N. M. Hill","doi":"10.15273/pnsis.v51i2.11174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v51i2.11174","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of temperature in Nova Scotia, using climate normals for 1961-1990 and temperature records from 1961 to 2020, is presented for 16 sites across the province. These records show a slight warming trend in the first 40 years from 6.0 ± 0.5 °C (1961-1990), followed by a more significant increase in average temperature post-1990 of 1.0 °C to 6.7 ± 0.5 °C, and to 7.0 ± 0.5 in the post-1998 period. A jump in average temperature in 1998 is such that in only a few following years did the mean annual temperature fall below the average annual temperature for the previous period. A step change was coincident with La Niña events and increasing Atlantic Ocean temperatures associated with a shift of the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation into a positive phase. The increase in mean monthly temperatures was more apparent in the Autumn when first frosts were later and there were fewer days with frost. This led to a significant increase in continuous frost-free days of 9.2 ± 7.9 days, with increases ranging from 0.4 to 30.6 days. Relative to other sites, Yarmouth had the smallest annual increase in mean temperature, of 0.5 °C, but this was associated with a major increase in continuous frost-free days, of 11.3. Because overall temperature change was based largely on a step change post-1998, rather than a continuous, gradual change (seen only in frost-free days), it is difficult to calculate a rate, or to predict future patterns of temperature increases. We suggest a significant influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation and Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation as potential contributors to the temperature increase. Increases in annual temperature and seasonality are discussed in terms of flowering phenology, including flowering in the Spring of 2021 when 31 species were blooming by the end of April.Keywords: climate change, climate normal, flowering phenology, Nova Scotia, temperature, weather","PeriodicalId":153215,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131478285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.15273/pnsis.v51i2.11166
Megan P. Fass
Ascophyllum nodosum is an ecologically and economically valuable species of brown seaweed found in Nova Scotia. The large fronds covered in airbladders create distinctive underwater canopy ecosystems in the intertidal zone. Ascophyllum is valuable as a soil supplement and fertilizer due to its biochemical composition. Commercial harvest of this wild resource began approximately sixty years ago and has been continuously exploited since. Careful management of Ascophyllum stocks is necessary to sustain the industry. In this literature review, the current harvesting regime of this seaweed in Nova Scotia is summarized and assessed in relation to harvesting regimes elsewhere and to the state of the intertidal marine ecosystem.Keywords: Ascophyllum nodosum, ecological impacts, intertidal ecology, resource management, rockweed harvesting, seaweed industry
{"title":"The current rockweed, Ascophyllum nodosum, harvesting regime on the shores of Nova Scotia – a review","authors":"Megan P. Fass","doi":"10.15273/pnsis.v51i2.11166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v51i2.11166","url":null,"abstract":"Ascophyllum nodosum is an ecologically and economically valuable species of brown seaweed found in Nova Scotia. The large fronds covered in airbladders create distinctive underwater canopy ecosystems in the intertidal zone. Ascophyllum is valuable as a soil supplement and fertilizer due to its biochemical composition. Commercial harvest of this wild resource began approximately sixty years ago and has been continuously exploited since. Careful management of Ascophyllum stocks is necessary to sustain the industry. In this literature review, the current harvesting regime of this seaweed in Nova Scotia is summarized and assessed in relation to harvesting regimes elsewhere and to the state of the intertidal marine ecosystem.Keywords: Ascophyllum nodosum, ecological impacts, intertidal ecology, resource management, rockweed harvesting, seaweed industry","PeriodicalId":153215,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127059029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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