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Mild hypercapnia before reperfusion reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in hyperacute ischemic stroke rat model. 再灌注前轻度高碳酸血症可减轻超急性缺血性中风大鼠模型的缺血再灌注损伤
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241296367
Jae Wook Jung, Chung Eun Yoon, Il Kwon, Kee Ook Lee, Jinkwon Kim, Young Dae Kim, Ji Hoe Heo, Hyo Suk Nam

Endovascular thrombectomy has a recanalization rate over 80%; however, approximately 50% of ischemic stroke patients still experience dependency or mortality. Recently, clinical trials demonstrated the benefits of administering neuroprotective agents prior to endovascular thrombectomy. Additionally, recent studies showed neuroprotective effects of mild hypercapnia in patients resuscitated after cardiac arrest. However, its efficacy in ischemic stroke remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether carbon dioxide (CO2) per-conditioning has neuroprotective effects in rat models with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Rat models received intermittent inhalation of mixed gas during the MCAO period. After surgery, behavioral assessments, infarct size measurement, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis were performed. We found CO2 per-conditioning reduced infarct size and neurological deficit. The number of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) positive cells and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)/platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) double positive cells were significantly decreased after CO2 per-conditioning. The expressions of tight junction protein and pericytes survival were preserved. This study underscores mild hypercapnia before reperfusion not only reduces neurologic deficit and infarct size, but also maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and neurovascular unit, alongside mitigating oxidative stress in hyperacute stroke rat models. Therapeutic mild hypercapnia before reperfusion is promising and requires further clinical application.

血管内血栓切除术的再通率超过 80%,但仍有约 50% 的缺血性脑卒中患者会出现依赖或死亡。最近,临床试验证明了在血管内血栓切除术前使用神经保护剂的益处。此外,最近的研究表明,轻度高碳酸血症对心脏骤停后复苏的患者有神经保护作用。然而,其对缺血性脑卒中的疗效仍不明确。我们的目的是研究二氧化碳(CO2)预处理对大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)大鼠模型是否具有神经保护作用。大鼠模型在 MCAO 期间间歇吸入混合气体。手术后进行了行为评估、梗塞大小测量、免疫组化和 Western 印迹分析。我们发现二氧化碳调理可缩小梗死面积,减轻神经功能缺损。二氧化碳预处理后,8-羟基-2-脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)阳性细胞和基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)/血小板生长因子受体β(PDGFRβ)双阳性细胞的数量明显减少。紧密连接蛋白和周细胞存活率的表达则保持不变。这项研究强调,再灌注前轻度高碳酸血症不仅能减轻神经功能缺损和梗死面积,还能维持血脑屏障和神经血管单元的完整性,同时减轻超急性期卒中大鼠模型的氧化应激。再灌注前治疗性轻度高碳酸血症前景广阔,需要进一步临床应用。
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引用次数: 0
Type-1-to-type-2 transition of brain microvascular pericytes induced by cytokines and disease-associated proteins: Role in neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption. 细胞因子和疾病相关蛋白诱导的脑微血管周细胞 1 型向 2 型转变:在神经炎症和血脑屏障破坏中的作用
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241296270
Diana G Bohannon, Laurie L Wellman, Marcus Kaul, Elena V Galkina, Ming-Lei Guo, Prasun K Datta, Woong-Ki Kim

While the concept of pericyte heterogeneity in the brain microvasculature is becoming more widely accepted, little is known about how they arise, or their functional contributions to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We therefore set out to examine the distribution of subtypes of pericytes at the BBB and sought to elucidate some of their functional characteristics by examining their unique mRNA expression patterns. We demonstrate that type-1 pericytes (PC1) that are associated with young healthy brains and BBB homeostasis, can transition into type-2 pericytes (PC2) that are associated with disease and BBB breakdown, both in vitro and in vivo, in the presence of both endogenous and disease associated ligands. We identified PC1 and PC2 in single-cell RNA-sequencing from vascular enriched mouse brain and identified transcriptional differences between PC1 and PC2. PC2 showed increased expression of genes associated with phagocytosis and peripheral immune cell infiltration. On the contrary, PC1 displayed increased expression of genes involved in hedgehog signaling, which is known to promote tight junction formation at the BBB. Our data support the PC1-to-PC2 transition as an origin of PC diversity and suggest a functional role for PC1 in maintaining BBB homeostasis and PC2 in responding to pathological conditions.

尽管脑微血管中包膜细胞异质性的概念正被越来越多的人所接受,但人们对它们是如何产生的或它们对血脑屏障(BBB)的功能贡献却知之甚少。因此,我们开始研究周细胞亚型在 BBB 中的分布,并试图通过研究它们独特的 mRNA 表达模式来阐明它们的一些功能特征。我们证明,与年轻健康大脑和 BBB 平衡相关的 1 型周细胞(PC1)在体外和体内都能转变为与疾病和 BBB 破坏相关的 2 型周细胞(PC2),而且存在内源性和疾病相关配体。我们从富含血管的小鼠大脑单细胞 RNA 测序中鉴定出了 PC1 和 PC2,并确定了 PC1 和 PC2 之间的转录差异。PC2 显示与吞噬和外周免疫细胞浸润相关的基因表达增加。相反,PC1 中参与刺猬信号转导的基因表达增加,而刺猬信号转导已知可促进 BBB 紧密连接的形成。我们的数据支持 PC1 向 PC2 过渡是 PC 多样性的起源,并表明 PC1 在维持 BBB 稳态方面和 PC2 在应对病理条件方面发挥着功能性作用。
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引用次数: 0
Anesthetics in pathological cerebrovascular conditions. 病理脑血管情况下的麻醉剂。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241295857
Yuhui Hou, Wei Ye, Ziyuan Tang, Fengxian Li

The increasing prevalence of pathological cerebrovascular conditions, including stroke, hypertensive encephalopathy, and chronic disorders, underscores the importance of anesthetic considerations for affected patients. Preserving cerebral oxygenation and blood flow during anesthesia is paramount to prevent neurological deterioration. Furthermore, protecting vulnerable neurons from damage is crucial for optimal outcomes. Recent research suggests that anesthetic agents may provide a potentially therapeutic approach for managing pathological cerebrovascular conditions. Anesthetics target neural mechanisms underlying cerebrovascular dysfunction, thereby modulating neuroinflammation, protecting neurons against ischemic injury, and improving cerebral hemodynamics. However, optimal strategies regarding mechanisms, dosage, and indications remain uncertain. This review aims to clarify the physiological effects, mechanisms of action, and reported neuroprotective benefits of anesthetics in patients with various pathological cerebrovascular conditions. Investigating anesthetic effects in cerebrovascular disease holds promise for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

病理脑血管疾病(包括中风、高血压脑病和慢性疾病)的发病率越来越高,这凸显了对受影响患者进行麻醉考虑的重要性。在麻醉过程中保持大脑缺氧和血流对于防止神经功能恶化至关重要。此外,保护脆弱的神经元免受损伤也是取得最佳效果的关键。最新研究表明,麻醉剂可为控制病理脑血管状况提供一种潜在的治疗方法。麻醉剂针对脑血管功能障碍的神经机制,从而调节神经炎症,保护神经元免受缺血性损伤,并改善脑血流动力学。然而,有关机制、剂量和适应症的最佳策略仍不确定。本综述旨在阐明麻醉剂对各种病理性脑血管病患者的生理效应、作用机制和神经保护作用。研究麻醉剂在脑血管疾病中的作用有望开发出新的治疗策略。
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引用次数: 0
Neuronal plasma biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke. 急性缺血性中风的神经元血浆生物标志物。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241293537
Julia K Gundersen, Fernando Gonzalez-Ortiz, Thomas Karikari, Bjørn-Eivind Kirsebom, Katrin Mertes, Henrik Zetterberg, Hlin Kvartsberg, Ole Morten Rønning, Berglind Gísladóttir, Kaj Blennow, Tormod Fladby

Early imaging-based detection of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has improved in the era of reperfusion therapy. Despite of this, prognosis of outcome after AIS remains a challenge. Therefore, parameters that support clinical decision making are sought. Blood-based biomarkers have the potential to provide valuable information in addition to the established prognostic factors. Neuronal biomarkers of acute or degenerative neuronal injury have shown to be reliably detected in plasma. These biomarkers are well-established in neurodegenerative pathology, such as Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we explored the association between stroke diameter and plasma biomarkers for neuronal injury and tau pathophysiology (brain-derived tau [BD-tau], phosphorylated-tau-217 [p-tau21] and neurofilament light [NfL]) in patients (n = 193) admitted to the acute ward, Akershus University Hospital. All patients received a final diagnosis of AIS, transient ischemic attack or stroke mimics. Blood samples were obtained the day after admission. We find that levels of BD-tau (p = .004) and NfL (p = .011) were higher after AIS than in patients with stroke mimics. The cortical stroke diameter correlated with BD-tau (tau-b = 0.64, p < .001) and p-tau217 (tau-b = 0.36, p = .003). Linear regression confirmed BD-tau to be the strongest variable associated with stroke diameter, pointing to the potential clinical value of plasma BD-tau in outcome prediction after AIS.

随着再灌注疗法时代的到来,基于影像学的急性缺血性卒中(AIS)早期检测已得到改善。尽管如此,AIS 后的预后仍然是一项挑战。因此,人们一直在寻找能支持临床决策的参数。除了已有的预后因素外,基于血液的生物标志物也有可能提供有价值的信息。急性或退行性神经元损伤的神经元生物标志物已在血浆中得到可靠检测。这些生物标志物在阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性病理学中已得到证实。在本研究中,我们探讨了阿克苏斯大学医院急性病房收治的患者(n = 193)中风直径与血浆中神经元损伤和 tau 病理生理学生物标志物(脑源性 tau [BD-tau]、磷酸化 tau-217 [p-tau21] 和神经丝光 [NfL])之间的关联。所有患者最终诊断为 AIS、短暂性脑缺血发作或模拟中风。血液样本在入院第二天采集。我们发现,AIS 患者的 BD-tau (p = .004) 和 NfL (p = .011) 水平高于模拟中风患者。皮质卒中直径与 BD-tau 相关(tau-b = 0.64,p = 0.011)。
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引用次数: 0
Intra-cisterna-magna bevacizumab injection (ICM-BI) reproduces pathological alterations of cerebral small vessel diseases. 蝶窦内注射贝伐珠单抗(ICM-BI)可重现脑小血管疾病的病理改变。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241295856
Xinmei Kang, Xiaotao Su, Tiemei Li, Shisi Wang, Huipeng Huang, Yuxin Liu, Chunyi Li, Xiaohui Deng, Mengyan Hu, Tingting Lu, Lei Wei, Wei Cai, Zhengqi Lu

General modeling strategies for sporadic cerebral small blood vessel diseases (CSVDs) include limiting blood stream in large blood vessels and inducing systemic hypertension, in which small blood vessel deficit is either a secondary or concomitant pathology. In the current study, we introduce that intra-cisterna-magna Bevacizumab injection (ICM-BI) directly causes cerebral small blood vessel injury by neutralizing VEGF-A, the indispensable growth factor for angiogenesis. ICM-BI reproduces neuro-functional impairment, tight junction loss, cerebral micro-bleeds (CMBs), amyloid peptide accumulation, neuronal injury, white matter loss, and glial cell activation, which are common manifestations of sporadic CSVDs. Compared with existing CSVD models, small blood vessel injury is more prominent in the ICM-BI brain. Moreover, no significant alteration in large blood vessels or peripheral organs after ICM-BI is recorded. We thus propose that ICM-BI is a neat, economic and applicable methodology to establish murine sporadic CSVD model.

散发性脑小血管疾病(CSVDs)的一般建模策略包括限制大血管血流和诱发全身性高血压,其中小血管缺损是继发或并发病症。在本研究中,我们介绍了蝶窦内注射贝伐珠单抗(ICM-BI)通过中和血管生成不可或缺的生长因子 VEGF-A 直接导致脑小血管损伤。ICM-BI 重现了散发性 CSVD 常见的神经功能损伤、紧密连接缺失、脑微出血(CMB)、淀粉样肽积累、神经元损伤、白质丢失和神经胶质细胞活化。与现有的 CSVD 模型相比,ICM-BI 大脑中的小血管损伤更为突出。此外,ICM-BI 后大血管或外周器官没有明显变化。因此,我们认为 ICM-BI 是建立小鼠散发性 CSVD 模型的一种简便、经济和适用的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Aging affects the mouse brain in a region-specific manner. 衰老以特定区域的方式影响小鼠大脑。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241289780
Ling Cai, Yueman Zhang, Yuxi Zhou, Xin Wang

Aging-related cognitive decline is emerging as a health concern during the aging process of the global population. Hahn and colleagues found that glial aging was particularly accelerated in white matter compared to cortical regions. Specialized neuronal populations showed region-specific changes in gene expression. Acute dietary restriction triggers a reprogramming of genes associated with the circadian clock in glial cells, whereas injections of young mouse plasma selectively reverse age-related expression patterns. The discovery of region-specific aging could enhance our understanding of the aging process and offer new possibilities for innovative treatment strategies and interventions for cognitive impairments related to aging.

与衰老相关的认知能力下降正在成为全球人口老龄化过程中的一个健康问题。Hahn 及其同事发现,与皮质区域相比,白质区域的神经胶质老化尤其加速。特化的神经元群在基因表达方面出现了区域特异性变化。急性饮食限制会引发神经胶质细胞中与昼夜节律相关基因的重编程,而注射年轻小鼠血浆则会选择性地逆转与年龄相关的表达模式。区域特异性衰老的发现可以加深我们对衰老过程的理解,并为创新治疗策略和干预与衰老相关的认知障碍提供新的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Statistical non-independence of brain metabolite concentrations whether normalized to creatine or water. 无论是以肌酸还是以水为标准,大脑代谢物浓度在统计上都不具有独立性。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241290018
Richard J Maddock

1H-MRS investigators studying brain metabolite concentrations often attribute biological significance to correlations between calculated metabolite values within the same voxel. A recent report in this journal provides a valuable perspective on how statistical non-independence of such values can undermine biological interpretations of their correlations. However, careful examination of this issue suggests their critical analysis does not go far enough. Hong et al. claim that appropriate water normalization, unlike creatine normalization, eliminates the problem of spurious correlation. Both logical and empirical considerations show this is not the case. Correlations between water-normalized metabolite values are also prone to substantial spurious correlations.

研究大脑代谢物浓度的 1H-MRS 研究人员经常将同一体素内代谢物计算值之间的相关性归因于生物学意义。本刊最近的一篇报道提供了一个有价值的视角,揭示了这些值在统计学上的非独立性如何会破坏对其相关性的生物学解释。然而,对这一问题的仔细研究表明,他们的批判性分析还不够深入。Hong 等人声称,与肌酸正常化不同,适当的水分正常化可以消除虚假相关性问题。逻辑和经验都表明事实并非如此。水归一化代谢物值之间的相关性也容易产生大量的假相关。
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引用次数: 0
More severe cerebral small vessel disease associated with poor leptomeningeal collaterals in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. 有症状的颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者脑小血管病变较严重,且脑外膜侧支较差。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241292537
Yuying Liu, Shuang Li, Xuan Tian, Jill Abrigo, Bonnie Yk Lam, Jize Wei, Lina Zheng, Yu Liu, Ziqi Li, Tingjun Liang, Bonaventure Ym Ip, Thomas W Leung, Xinyi Leng

We investigated the association between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and ipsilateral leptomeningeal collateral (LMC) status in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (sICAS). In 108 patients with 50-99% symptomatic intracranial internal carotid artery or M1 middle cerebral artery stenosis, 4 CSVD imaging markers (lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, enlarged perivascular spaces [EPVSs], and white matter hyperintensities [WMHs]) were assessed in MRI. Score of 0 or 1 was assigned to each marker and added up as a summary CSVD score (ranging 0-4) to reflect an overall CSVD burden. Ipsilateral LMC status was assessed by determining the laterality of distal vessels in anterior and posterior cerebral artery territories on CT angiography. Moderate-to-severe EPVSs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.15; p = 0.031) and WMHs (aOR = 5.90; p = 0.010), and higher summary CSVD score (aOR = 1.66; p = 0.030) were independently associated with poor LMCs. There was significant interaction between stenosis percentage in sICAS and summary CSVD score on poor LMCs (p = 0.022 for interaction), when higher CSVD score was significantly associated with poor LMCs in patients with severe sICAS (aOR = 2.84; p = 0.011) but not in those with moderate sICAS. The findings indicated possibly adverse effect of CSVD on the recruitment or development of LMCs in sICAS patients, especially in patients with severe sICAS.

我们研究了无症状颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄(sICAS)患者的脑小血管疾病(CSVD)与同侧脑侧索(LMC)状态之间的关系。在 108 例 50-99% 的无症状颅内颈内动脉或 M1 大脑中动脉狭窄患者中,对 4 种 CSVD 影像标记(裂隙、脑微出血、血管周围间隙增大 [EPVSs] 和白质增厚 [WMHs])进行了磁共振成像评估。每个标记的得分均为 0 或 1,然后加总为 CSVD 总分(0-4 分不等),以反映 CSVD 的总体负担。同侧 LMC 状态通过 CT 血管造影确定大脑前后动脉区域远端血管的侧向性来评估。中度至重度 EPVS(调整后比值比 [aOR] = 4.15;p = 0.031)和 WMHs(aOR = 5.90;p = 0.010)以及较高的 CSVD 总分(aOR = 1.66;p = 0.030)与 LMC 较差独立相关。sICAS 狭窄百分比与 CSVD 简要评分之间存在明显的交互作用(交互作用 p = 0.022),在重度 sICAS 患者中,较高的 CSVD 评分与 LMCs 差异显著相关(aOR = 2.84;p = 0.011),而在中度 sICAS 患者中则不相关。研究结果表明,CSVD可能会对sICAS患者LMCs的招募或发展产生不利影响,尤其是在重度sICAS患者中。
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引用次数: 0
Somatosensory migraine auras evoked by bihemispheric cortical spreading depression events in human parietal cortex. 人类顶叶皮层双半球皮质扩张性抑郁事件诱发的躯体感觉性偏头痛光环。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241290606
Cedric Gollion, Rune H Christensen, Håkan Ashina, Haidar M Al-Khazali, Patrick M Fisher, Faisal Mohammad Amin, Martin Lauritzen, Messoud Ashina

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is associated with pronounced alterations in cerebral blood flow. These alterations can be captured using high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). While compelling clinical and experimental data suggest that CSD is involved in the pathogenesis of migraine aura, the mechanistic intricacies remain poorly understood. Here, we use visual stimulus-induced blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI responses to characterize spatiotemporal alterations in cerebral blood flow during spontaneous attacks with migraine aura. Six adult participants diagnosed with migraine with aura underwent BOLD fMRI scans with a visual stimulation paradigm, consisting of flickering checkerboard stimulation. Our results revealed that auras with somatosensory symptoms corresponded with bilateral alterations of stimulus-induced BOLD responses in the somatosensory cortex, exhibiting anterior-to-posterior propagation and absence of antecedent occipital abnormalities. These altered stimulus-induced BOLD responses were bilateral, despite a unilateral manifestation of aura symptoms, and had no relationship with positive or negative aura symptoms. The bilateral abnormalities in stimulus-induced BOLD responses completes our current knowledge on migraine aura.

皮层扩张抑制(CSD)与脑血流的明显改变有关。这些改变可以通过高场功能磁共振成像(fMRI)捕捉到。尽管令人信服的临床和实验数据表明 CSD 与偏头痛先兆的发病机制有关,但人们对其复杂的机理仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们利用视觉刺激诱导的血氧水平依赖性(BOLD)fMRI反应来描述偏头痛先兆自发发作时脑血流的时空变化。六名被诊断为先兆偏头痛的成年患者接受了由闪烁棋盘刺激组成的视觉刺激范式的BOLD fMRI扫描。我们的研究结果表明,伴有躯体感觉症状的先兆与躯体感觉皮层的双侧刺激诱导BOLD反应改变相对应,表现出前后传播,且没有先兆枕叶异常。尽管先兆症状表现为单侧,但这些刺激诱导的BOLD反应改变是双侧的,与阳性或阴性先兆症状没有关系。刺激诱导的BOLD反应的双侧异常完善了我们目前对偏头痛先兆的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Intravenous administration of muse cells improves cerebral ischemia outcome via immunomodulation in the spleen. 静脉注射缪斯细胞可通过脾脏的免疫调节改善脑缺血的预后。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241290363
Yuya Kato, Daiki Aburakawa, Ryosuke Tashiro, Yuan Zhou, Sherif Rashad, Hidenori Endo, Teiji Tominaga, Kuniyasu Niizuma

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and death globally. Stem cell therapies are emerging as a frontier for enhancing post-stroke recovery, with Muse cells-a subclass of pluripotent stem cells-demonstrating considerable promise. Muse cells are notable not only for their potential in cell replacement but also for their role in modulating immune responses following cerebral infarction. In the present study, we administered Muse cells intravenously to mice after inducing a stroke via distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. We evaluated motor outcomes, splenocyte populations, cytokine profiles, and gene expression 2 weeks after inducing stroke. Additionally, comparisons were drawn between outcomes in splenectomized mice and those receiving adoptive splenocyte transfer to discern the specific influence of the spleen on treatment efficacy. Our findings revealed that Muse cell therapy facilitates motor recovery, an effect that is compromised in the absence of the spleen. Spleens in treated mice exhibited a shift in neutrophil counts, increased cytokine activity, and a notable uptick in the expression of genes related to protein folding. These insights affirm the potential therapeutic effect of Muse cells in post-stroke treatment strategies, with their efficacy attributed, at least in part, to immunomodulatory pathways involving the spleen.

缺血性中风是全球致残和致死的主要原因。干细胞疗法正在成为促进中风后康复的前沿疗法,其中缪斯细胞--多能干细胞的亚类--显示出巨大的前景。Muse细胞不仅在细胞替代方面具有潜力,而且在调节脑梗塞后的免疫反应方面也发挥着重要作用。在本研究中,我们通过远端大脑中动脉闭塞诱发小鼠中风后,静脉注射 Muse 细胞。我们评估了诱导中风两周后的运动结果、脾细胞群、细胞因子谱和基因表达。此外,我们还比较了切除脾脏的小鼠和接受收养脾细胞转移的小鼠的疗效,以确定脾脏对疗效的具体影响。我们的研究结果表明,Muse 细胞疗法能促进运动功能的恢复,而在没有脾脏的情况下,这种效果会大打折扣。接受治疗的小鼠的脾脏表现出中性粒细胞计数的变化、细胞因子活性的增加以及与蛋白质折叠相关的基因表达的显著上升。这些发现肯定了Muse细胞在中风后治疗策略中的潜在疗效,其疗效至少部分归因于涉及脾脏的免疫调节途径。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
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