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Data-based modeling of cerebral hemodynamics quantifies impairment of cerebral blood flow regulation in type-2 diabetes. 基于数据的脑血流动力学模型量化了 2 型糖尿病患者脑血流调节功能的损伤。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241254716
Vasilis Z Marmarelis, Dae C Shin, Yue Kang, Vera Novak

We studied the regulation dynamics of cerebral blood velocity (CBv) at middle cerebral arteries (MCA) in response to spontaneous changes of arterial blood pressure (ABP), termed dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), and end-tidal CO2 as proxy for blood CO2 tension, termed dynamic vasomotor reactivity (DVR), by analyzing time-series data collected at supine rest from 36 patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and 22 age/sex-matched non-diabetic controls without arterial hypertension. Our analysis employed a robust dynamic modeling methodology that utilizes Principal Dynamic Modes (PDM) to estimate subject-specific dynamic transformations of spontaneous changes in ABP and end-tidal CO2 (viewed as two "inputs") into changes of CBv at MCA measured via Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (viewed as the "output"). The quantitative results of PDM analysis indicate significant alterations in T2DM of both DVR and dCA in terms of two specific PDM contributions that rise to significance (p < 0.05). Our results further suggest that the observed DVR and dCA alterations may be due to reduction of cholinergic activity (based on previously published results from cholinergic blockade data) that may disturb the sympatho-vagal balance in T2DM. Combination of these two model-based "physio-markers" differentiated T2DM patients from controls (p = 0.0007), indicating diabetes-related alteration of cerebrovascular regulation, with possible diagnostic implications.

我们研究了大脑中动脉(MCA)的脑血流速度(CBv)对动脉血压(ABP)自发变化(称为动态脑自动调节(dCA))和作为血液二氧化碳张力替代物的潮气末二氧化碳(end-tidal CO2)的调节动态,称为动态血管运动反应性(DVR)、通过分析从 36 名 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 患者和 22 名年龄/性别匹配、无动脉高血压的非糖尿病对照组患者身上收集到的仰卧休息时的时间序列数据,我们将这些数据称为动态血管运动反应性 (DVR)。我们的分析采用了一种稳健的动态建模方法,利用主动态模式(PDM)估计 ABP 和潮气末二氧化碳(视为两个 "输入")自发变化到通过经颅多普勒超声测量的 MCA CBv 变化(视为 "输出")的特定受试者动态转换。PDM 的定量分析结果表明,DVR 和 dCA 的 T2DM 在两个特定的 PDM 贡献方面都发生了显著的变化(p<0.05)。
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引用次数: 0
Cerebral autoregulation in pediatric and neonatal intensive care: A scoping review. 儿科和新生儿重症监护中的大脑自动调节:范围综述。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241261944
Marta Fedriga, Silvia Martini, Francesca G Iodice, Cristine Sortica da Costa, Stefano Pezzato, Andrea Moscatelli, Erta Beqiri, Marek Czosnyka, Peter Smielewski, Shruti Agrawal

Deranged cerebral autoregulation (CA) is associated with worse outcome in adult brain injury. Strategies for monitoring CA and maintaining the brain at its 'best CA status' have been implemented, however, this approach has not yet developed for the paediatric population. This scoping review aims to find up-to-date evidence on CA assessment in children and neonates with a view to identify patient categories in which CA has been measured so far, CA monitoring methods and its relationship with clinical outcome if any. A literature search was conducted for studies published within 31st December 2022 in 3 bibliographic databases. Out of 494 papers screened, this review includes 135 studies. Our literature search reveals evidence for CA measurement in the paediatric population across different diagnostic categories and age groups. The techniques adopted, indices and thresholds used to assess and define CA are heterogeneous. We discuss the relevance of available evidence for CA assessment in the paediatric population. However, due to small number of studies and heterogeneity of methods used, there is no conclusive evidence to support universal adoption of CA monitoring, technique, and methodology. This calls for further work to understand the clinical impact of CA monitoring in paediatric and neonatal intensive care.

大脑自动调节功能(CA)失调与成人脑损伤的不良预后有关。目前已经实施了监测大脑自律调节并将大脑维持在 "最佳自律调节状态 "的策略,但这种方法尚未在儿科人群中推广。本次范围界定综述旨在寻找有关儿童和新生儿 CA 评估的最新证据,以确定迄今为止已测量过 CA 的患者类别、CA 监测方法及其与临床结果的关系(如果有的话)。我们在 3 个文献数据库中对 2022 年 12 月 31 日之前发表的研究进行了文献检索。在筛选出的 494 篇论文中,本综述包括 135 项研究。通过文献检索,我们发现了在不同诊断类别和年龄组的儿科人群中进行 CA 测量的证据。评估和定义 CA 所采用的技术、指数和阈值各不相同。我们讨论了现有证据对儿科人群 CA 评估的相关性。然而,由于研究数量较少且所用方法不尽相同,目前尚无确凿证据支持普遍采用 CA 监测、技术和方法。这就需要进一步开展工作,以了解 CA 监测对儿科和新生儿重症监护的临床影响。
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引用次数: 0
The novel ROCK2 selective inhibitor NRL-1049 preserves the blood-brain barrier after acute injury. 新型 ROCK2 选择性抑制剂 NRL-1049 可保护急性损伤后的血脑屏障。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241238845
Inge A Mulder, Matt Abbinanti, Sarah A Woller, Joerg Ruschel, Jonathan M Coutinho, Helga E de Vries, Ed van Bavel, Kenneth Rosen, Lisa McKerracher, Cenk Ayata

Endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is critical in the pathophysiology of brain injury. Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) activation disrupts BBB integrity in the injured brain. We aimed to test the efficacy of a novel ROCK2 inhibitor in preserving the BBB after acute brain injury. We characterized the molecular structure and pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of a novel selective ROCK2 inhibitor, NRL-1049, and its first metabolite, 1-hydroxy-NRL-1049 (referred to as NRL-2017 hereon) and tested the efficacy of NRL-1049 on the BBB integrity in rodent models of acute brain injury. Our data show that NRL-1049 and NRL-2017 both inhibit ROCK activity and are 44-fold and 17-fold more selective towards ROCK2 than ROCK1, respectively. When tested in a mouse model of cortical cryoinjury, NRL-1049 significantly attenuated the increase in water content. Interestingly, 60% of the mice in the vehicle arm developed seizures within 2 hours after cryoinjury versus none in the NRL-1049 arm. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, NRL-1049 attenuated the dramatic surge in Evans Blue extravasation compared with the vehicle arm after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Hemorrhagic transformation was also reduced. We show that NRL-1049, a selective ROCK2 inhibitor, is a promising drug candidate to preserve the BBB after brain injury.

内皮血脑屏障(BBB)功能障碍在脑损伤的病理生理学中至关重要。Rho相关蛋白激酶(ROCK)的激活会破坏损伤脑中BBB的完整性。我们旨在测试一种新型 ROCK2 抑制剂在急性脑损伤后保护 BBB 的功效。我们研究了新型选择性ROCK2抑制剂NRL-1049及其首个代谢产物1-羟基-NRL-1049(以下简称NRL-2017)的分子结构、药效学和药代动力学特性,并在急性脑损伤啮齿动物模型中测试了NRL-1049对BBB完整性的疗效。我们的数据显示,NRL-1049 和 NRL-2017 都能抑制 ROCK 活性,而且对 ROCK2 的选择性分别是 ROCK1 的 44 倍和 17 倍。在大脑皮层冷冻损伤小鼠模型中进行测试时,NRL-1049 显著减轻了含水量的增加。有趣的是,在冷冻损伤后 2 小时内,60% 的载体组小鼠出现癫痫发作,而 NRL-1049 组则没有。在自发性高血压大鼠中,NRL-1049 可减轻一过性大脑中动脉闭塞后伊文思蓝外渗量的急剧增加。出血转化也有所减少。我们的研究表明,NRL-1049 是一种选择性 ROCK2 抑制剂,是一种很有希望在脑损伤后保护 BBB 的候选药物。
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引用次数: 0
Abolishing UCHL1's hydrolase activity exacerbates ischemia-induced axonal injury and functional deficits in mice. 消除 UCHL1 的水解酶活性会加剧缺血诱导的小鼠轴突损伤和功能障碍。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241258809
Zhiping Mi, Nadya Povysheva, Marie E Rose, Jie Ma, Dennis J Zeh, Nikitha Harikumar, Mohammad Iqbal H Bhuiyan, Steven H Graham

Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a neuronal protein important in maintaining axonal integrity and motor function and may be important in the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. UCHL1 may ameliorate acute injury and improve recovery after cerebral ischemia. In the current study, the hypothesis that UCHL1's hydrolase activity underlies its effect in maintaining axonal integrity and function is tested after ischemic injury. Hydrolase activity was inhibited by treatment with a UCHL1 hydrolase inhibitor or by employing knockin mice bearing a mutation in the hydrolase active site (C90A). Ischemic injury was induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in brain slice preparations and by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) surgery in mice. Hydrolase activity inhibition increased restoration time and decreased the amplitude of evoked axonal responses in the corpus callosum after OGD. Mutation of the hydrolase active site exacerbated white matter injury as detected by SMI32 immunohistochemistry, and motor deficits as detected by beam balance and cylinder testing after tMCAO. These results demonstrate that UCHL1 hydrolase activity ameliorates white matter injury and functional deficits after acute ischemic injury and support the hypothesis that UCHL1 activity plays a significant role in preserving white matter integrity and recovery of function after cerebral ischemia.

泛素 C 端水解酶 L1(UCHL1)是一种神经元蛋白,对维持轴突完整性和运动功能非常重要,可能与许多神经系统疾病的发病机制有关。UCHL1 可减轻急性损伤并改善脑缺血后的恢复。本研究对 UCHL1 的水解酶活性是其维持轴突完整性和功能的基础这一假设进行了测试。通过使用 UCHL1 水解酶抑制剂或使用水解酶活性位点突变(C90A)的基因敲除小鼠来抑制水解酶活性。脑片制备过程中的氧-葡萄糖剥夺(OGD)和小鼠一过性大脑中动脉闭塞(tMCAO)手术都会诱发缺血性损伤。抑制水解酶活性可延长OGD后胼胝体的恢复时间并降低诱发轴突反应的幅度。水解酶活性位点的突变加剧了SMI32免疫组化检测到的白质损伤,以及tMCAO后梁平衡和圆柱体测试检测到的运动障碍。这些结果表明,UCHL1水解酶活性可改善急性缺血性损伤后的白质损伤和功能障碍,并支持UCHL1活性在保护白质完整性和脑缺血后功能恢复方面发挥重要作用的假设。
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引用次数: 0
Amide proton transfer MRI may reflect effective reperfusion and predict functional outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke. 酰胺质子转移磁共振成像可反映有效的再灌注并预测缺血性中风患者的功能预后。
IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241297110
Chi Zhang, Xingwang Yong, Yuezhou Cao, Yi-Cheng Hsu, Haibin Shi, Feiyun Wu, Yi Zhang, Shanshan Lu

Perfusion imaging is useful to assess tissue recovery in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, it cannot reflect tissue metabolism. We postulated that amide proton transfer (APT) imaging can characterize the tissue status after reperfusion therapy, thus providing prognostic value for 90-day functional outcomes. We included 63 patients with AIS and large-vessel occlusion (LVO). The APT signals, including APT# and NOE# (nuclear Overhauser enhancement) were quantified. Ischemic lesions observed on APT# and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were classified according to their mismatch patterns (APT# < DWI; APT# ≥ DWI). Predictors of 90-day good outcomes (modified Rankin scale score 0-2) were evaluated. Patients with successful reperfusion exhibited higher APT#, smaller percentage change of APT#, and a greater likelihood of presenting APT# < DWI compared to those with poor reperfusion (all P < 0.05). The APT# (odds ratio [OR] = 11.48, P = 0.046) and a mismatch pattern of APT# < DWI (OR = 7.41, P = 0.020) independently predicted good outcomes besides the clinical parameters. A mismatch pattern of APT# ≥ DWI was a significant marker of poor outcomes despite successful reperfusion (P = 0.002). Our study provides preliminary evidence that APT may reveal tissue recovery after reperfusion and predict good outcomes at 90 days in patients with AIS and LVO.

灌注成像可用于评估急性缺血性中风(AIS)患者的组织恢复情况,但它不能反映组织的新陈代谢。我们推测酰胺质子转移(APT)成像可以描述再灌注治疗后的组织状态,从而为 90 天的功能结果提供预后价值。我们纳入了 63 例 AIS 和大血管闭塞(LVO)患者。对 APT 信号,包括 APT# 和 NOE#(核 Overhauser 增强)进行了量化。根据 APT# 和弥散加权成像(DWI)的不匹配模式(APT# # ≥ DWI)对在 APT# 和弥散加权成像(DWI)上观察到的缺血性病变进行分类。评估了 90 天良好预后(改良兰金量表评分 0-2)的预测因素。再灌注成功的患者表现出更高的 APT#、更小的 APT# 百分比变化、更高的 APT# P #(比值比 [OR] = 11.48,P = 0.046)和 APT# P = 0.020),除临床参数外,APT#的错配模式也可独立预测良好预后。APT# ≥ DWI 的不匹配模式是尽管再灌注成功但预后不佳的重要标志(P = 0.002)。我们的研究提供了初步证据,证明 APT 可显示再灌注后的组织恢复情况,并预测 AIS 和 LVO 患者 90 天后的良好预后。
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引用次数: 0
Preclinical in vitro and in vivo evaluation of [11C]ORM-13070 as PET ligand for alpha-2C adrenergic receptor occupancy using PET imaging in non-human primates. 利用 PET 成像技术在非人灵长类动物体内对作为 PET 配体的[11C]ORM-13070 进行α-2C 肾上腺素能受体占位的体外和体内临床前评估。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241291949
Isabel Piel, Cristian C Constantinescu, David de la Puente Bethencourt, David R Bonsall, Eugenii A Rabiner, Kenneth R Zasadny, Amy Llopis Amenta, Lisa A Wells, Thorsten Poethko, Wolfgang Prange, Martina Delbeck

This paper describes the preclinical validation of the radioligand [11C]ORM-13070 and its tritiated analog for addressing selectivity and occupancy of the selective alpha-2C adrenergic receptor (α2CR) antagonist BAY 292 in the cynomolgus brain. BAY 292 is a novel drug candidate being developed for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) via binding to central α2CR. In vitro autoradiography studies with sections from non-diseased post-mortem human caudate revealed an excellent specific binding window (>80%) using [3H]ORM-13070. BAY 292 bound to the same binding site as [3H]ORM-13070 and generated a good specific binding signal, with greater selectivity for α2CR. In non-human primates in vivo, [11C]ORM-13070 demonstrated a reversible behavior, with uptake at baseline highest in striatum (putamen, caudate, ventral striatum, and pallidum) and low in the cerebellar cortex, consistent with the known distribution of the α2CR. A dose dependent increase in receptor occupancy after BAY 292 administration was observed, confirming BBB penetration and target engagement. The estimated EC50 for BAY 292 is 33.39 ± 11.91 ng/mL. This study aimed to demonstrate the suitability of [11C]ORM-13070 as a PET-radioligand for the study of α2CR in the non-human primate brain, and to pave the way for future clinical PET tracer studies with BAY 292.

本文介绍了放射性配体[11C]ORM-13070及其三价类似物的临床前验证,以确定选择性α-2C肾上腺素能受体(α2CR)拮抗剂BAY 292在犬脑中的选择性和占据率。BAY 292是一种新型候选药物,通过与中枢α2CR结合用于治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)。使用[3H]ORM-13070对非病死后人类尾状脑的切片进行的体外自显影研究显示,该药物具有极佳的特异性结合窗口(>80%)。BAY 292 与 [3H]ORM-13070 结合到相同的结合位点,并产生良好的特异性结合信号,但对α2CR 的选择性更高。在非人灵长类动物体内,[11C]ORM-13070表现出可逆的行为,基线摄取量在纹状体(putamen、尾状体、腹侧纹状体和苍白球)最高,而在小脑皮层较低,这与α2CR的已知分布一致。服用 BAY 292 后,受体占有率的增加与剂量有关,这证实了 BBB 穿透性和靶点参与性。据估计,BAY 292 的 EC50 为 33.39 ± 11.91 纳克/毫升。这项研究旨在证明[11C]ORM-13070作为PET放射配体适用于研究非人灵长类动物大脑中的α2CR,并为将来使用BAY 292进行临床PET示踪研究铺平道路。
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引用次数: 0
Mild hypercapnia before reperfusion reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in hyperacute ischemic stroke rat model. 再灌注前轻度高碳酸血症可减轻超急性缺血性中风大鼠模型的缺血再灌注损伤
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241296367
Jae Wook Jung, Chung Eun Yoon, Il Kwon, Kee Ook Lee, Jinkwon Kim, Young Dae Kim, Ji Hoe Heo, Hyo Suk Nam

Endovascular thrombectomy has a recanalization rate over 80%; however, approximately 50% of ischemic stroke patients still experience dependency or mortality. Recently, clinical trials demonstrated the benefits of administering neuroprotective agents prior to endovascular thrombectomy. Additionally, recent studies showed neuroprotective effects of mild hypercapnia in patients resuscitated after cardiac arrest. However, its efficacy in ischemic stroke remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether carbon dioxide (CO2) per-conditioning has neuroprotective effects in rat models with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Rat models received intermittent inhalation of mixed gas during the MCAO period. After surgery, behavioral assessments, infarct size measurement, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis were performed. We found CO2 per-conditioning reduced infarct size and neurological deficit. The number of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) positive cells and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)/platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) double positive cells were significantly decreased after CO2 per-conditioning. The expressions of tight junction protein and pericytes survival were preserved. This study underscores mild hypercapnia before reperfusion not only reduces neurologic deficit and infarct size, but also maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and neurovascular unit, alongside mitigating oxidative stress in hyperacute stroke rat models. Therapeutic mild hypercapnia before reperfusion is promising and requires further clinical application.

血管内血栓切除术的再通率超过 80%,但仍有约 50% 的缺血性脑卒中患者会出现依赖或死亡。最近,临床试验证明了在血管内血栓切除术前使用神经保护剂的益处。此外,最近的研究表明,轻度高碳酸血症对心脏骤停后复苏的患者有神经保护作用。然而,其对缺血性脑卒中的疗效仍不明确。我们的目的是研究二氧化碳(CO2)预处理对大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)大鼠模型是否具有神经保护作用。大鼠模型在 MCAO 期间间歇吸入混合气体。手术后进行了行为评估、梗塞大小测量、免疫组化和 Western 印迹分析。我们发现二氧化碳调理可缩小梗死面积,减轻神经功能缺损。二氧化碳预处理后,8-羟基-2-脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)阳性细胞和基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)/血小板生长因子受体β(PDGFRβ)双阳性细胞的数量明显减少。紧密连接蛋白和周细胞存活率的表达则保持不变。这项研究强调,再灌注前轻度高碳酸血症不仅能减轻神经功能缺损和梗死面积,还能维持血脑屏障和神经血管单元的完整性,同时减轻超急性期卒中大鼠模型的氧化应激。再灌注前治疗性轻度高碳酸血症前景广阔,需要进一步临床应用。
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引用次数: 0
Type-1-to-type-2 transition of brain microvascular pericytes induced by cytokines and disease-associated proteins: Role in neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption. 细胞因子和疾病相关蛋白诱导的脑微血管周细胞 1 型向 2 型转变:在神经炎症和血脑屏障破坏中的作用
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241296270
Diana G Bohannon, Laurie L Wellman, Marcus Kaul, Elena V Galkina, Ming-Lei Guo, Prasun K Datta, Woong-Ki Kim

While the concept of pericyte heterogeneity in the brain microvasculature is becoming more widely accepted, little is known about how they arise, or their functional contributions to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We therefore set out to examine the distribution of subtypes of pericytes at the BBB and sought to elucidate some of their functional characteristics by examining their unique mRNA expression patterns. We demonstrate that type-1 pericytes (PC1) that are associated with young healthy brains and BBB homeostasis, can transition into type-2 pericytes (PC2) that are associated with disease and BBB breakdown, both in vitro and in vivo, in the presence of both endogenous and disease associated ligands. We identified PC1 and PC2 in single-cell RNA-sequencing from vascular enriched mouse brain and identified transcriptional differences between PC1 and PC2. PC2 showed increased expression of genes associated with phagocytosis and peripheral immune cell infiltration. On the contrary, PC1 displayed increased expression of genes involved in hedgehog signaling, which is known to promote tight junction formation at the BBB. Our data support the PC1-to-PC2 transition as an origin of PC diversity and suggest a functional role for PC1 in maintaining BBB homeostasis and PC2 in responding to pathological conditions.

尽管脑微血管中包膜细胞异质性的概念正被越来越多的人所接受,但人们对它们是如何产生的或它们对血脑屏障(BBB)的功能贡献却知之甚少。因此,我们开始研究周细胞亚型在 BBB 中的分布,并试图通过研究它们独特的 mRNA 表达模式来阐明它们的一些功能特征。我们证明,与年轻健康大脑和 BBB 平衡相关的 1 型周细胞(PC1)在体外和体内都能转变为与疾病和 BBB 破坏相关的 2 型周细胞(PC2),而且存在内源性和疾病相关配体。我们从富含血管的小鼠大脑单细胞 RNA 测序中鉴定出了 PC1 和 PC2,并确定了 PC1 和 PC2 之间的转录差异。PC2 显示与吞噬和外周免疫细胞浸润相关的基因表达增加。相反,PC1 中参与刺猬信号转导的基因表达增加,而刺猬信号转导已知可促进 BBB 紧密连接的形成。我们的数据支持 PC1 向 PC2 过渡是 PC 多样性的起源,并表明 PC1 在维持 BBB 稳态方面和 PC2 在应对病理条件方面发挥着功能性作用。
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引用次数: 0
Anesthetics in pathological cerebrovascular conditions. 病理脑血管情况下的麻醉剂。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241295857
Yuhui Hou, Wei Ye, Ziyuan Tang, Fengxian Li

The increasing prevalence of pathological cerebrovascular conditions, including stroke, hypertensive encephalopathy, and chronic disorders, underscores the importance of anesthetic considerations for affected patients. Preserving cerebral oxygenation and blood flow during anesthesia is paramount to prevent neurological deterioration. Furthermore, protecting vulnerable neurons from damage is crucial for optimal outcomes. Recent research suggests that anesthetic agents may provide a potentially therapeutic approach for managing pathological cerebrovascular conditions. Anesthetics target neural mechanisms underlying cerebrovascular dysfunction, thereby modulating neuroinflammation, protecting neurons against ischemic injury, and improving cerebral hemodynamics. However, optimal strategies regarding mechanisms, dosage, and indications remain uncertain. This review aims to clarify the physiological effects, mechanisms of action, and reported neuroprotective benefits of anesthetics in patients with various pathological cerebrovascular conditions. Investigating anesthetic effects in cerebrovascular disease holds promise for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

病理脑血管疾病(包括中风、高血压脑病和慢性疾病)的发病率越来越高,这凸显了对受影响患者进行麻醉考虑的重要性。在麻醉过程中保持大脑缺氧和血流对于防止神经功能恶化至关重要。此外,保护脆弱的神经元免受损伤也是取得最佳效果的关键。最新研究表明,麻醉剂可为控制病理脑血管状况提供一种潜在的治疗方法。麻醉剂针对脑血管功能障碍的神经机制,从而调节神经炎症,保护神经元免受缺血性损伤,并改善脑血流动力学。然而,有关机制、剂量和适应症的最佳策略仍不确定。本综述旨在阐明麻醉剂对各种病理性脑血管病患者的生理效应、作用机制和神经保护作用。研究麻醉剂在脑血管疾病中的作用有望开发出新的治疗策略。
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引用次数: 0
Neuronal plasma biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke. 急性缺血性中风的神经元血浆生物标志物。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X241293537
Julia K Gundersen, Fernando Gonzalez-Ortiz, Thomas Karikari, Bjørn-Eivind Kirsebom, Katrin Mertes, Henrik Zetterberg, Hlin Kvartsberg, Ole Morten Rønning, Berglind Gísladóttir, Kaj Blennow, Tormod Fladby

Early imaging-based detection of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has improved in the era of reperfusion therapy. Despite of this, prognosis of outcome after AIS remains a challenge. Therefore, parameters that support clinical decision making are sought. Blood-based biomarkers have the potential to provide valuable information in addition to the established prognostic factors. Neuronal biomarkers of acute or degenerative neuronal injury have shown to be reliably detected in plasma. These biomarkers are well-established in neurodegenerative pathology, such as Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we explored the association between stroke diameter and plasma biomarkers for neuronal injury and tau pathophysiology (brain-derived tau [BD-tau], phosphorylated-tau-217 [p-tau21] and neurofilament light [NfL]) in patients (n = 193) admitted to the acute ward, Akershus University Hospital. All patients received a final diagnosis of AIS, transient ischemic attack or stroke mimics. Blood samples were obtained the day after admission. We find that levels of BD-tau (p = .004) and NfL (p = .011) were higher after AIS than in patients with stroke mimics. The cortical stroke diameter correlated with BD-tau (tau-b = 0.64, p < .001) and p-tau217 (tau-b = 0.36, p = .003). Linear regression confirmed BD-tau to be the strongest variable associated with stroke diameter, pointing to the potential clinical value of plasma BD-tau in outcome prediction after AIS.

随着再灌注疗法时代的到来,基于影像学的急性缺血性卒中(AIS)早期检测已得到改善。尽管如此,AIS 后的预后仍然是一项挑战。因此,人们一直在寻找能支持临床决策的参数。除了已有的预后因素外,基于血液的生物标志物也有可能提供有价值的信息。急性或退行性神经元损伤的神经元生物标志物已在血浆中得到可靠检测。这些生物标志物在阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性病理学中已得到证实。在本研究中,我们探讨了阿克苏斯大学医院急性病房收治的患者(n = 193)中风直径与血浆中神经元损伤和 tau 病理生理学生物标志物(脑源性 tau [BD-tau]、磷酸化 tau-217 [p-tau21] 和神经丝光 [NfL])之间的关联。所有患者最终诊断为 AIS、短暂性脑缺血发作或模拟中风。血液样本在入院第二天采集。我们发现,AIS 患者的 BD-tau (p = .004) 和 NfL (p = .011) 水平高于模拟中风患者。皮质卒中直径与 BD-tau 相关(tau-b = 0.64,p = 0.011)。
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Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
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