Pub Date : 2020-10-24DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2020.299983.1309
M. Mohadesi
Biodiesel is an alternative to fossil fuels which is produced through a transesterification reaction between vegetable oils or animal fats and light alcohols such as methanol or ethanol. In this reaction, along with the production of biodiesel, glycerol as a byproduct and non-reacted alcohol is produced which reduces biodiesel quality. Hence, many studies have been carried out on liquid-liquid equilibrium for ternary systems containing biodiesel+ glycerol + alcohol. One of the phases is rich in biodiesel and another phase is rich in glycerol; moreover, alcohol is distributed between the two phases. In the present study, based on previous experimental data, the UNIQUAC and NRTL thermodynamic models were used to predict the composition of the phases. The intermolecular interaction term for each of the models was considered as a linear function of the reverse temperature. In both models, there was no difference between the amount of biodiesel produced from different oils and were obtained the general interaction parameters. Based on the results, the percentage of absolute average deviation for NRTL and UNIQUAC models for biodiesel+ glycerol+ ethanol system were 1.24% and 2.13%, respectively, and for biodiesel+ glycerol+ methanol system were 1.13% and 1.71%, respectively.
{"title":"Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium for Ternary Systems Containing Biodiesel+ Glycerol+ Alcohol (Ethanol or Methanol): Thermodynamic Modeling","authors":"M. Mohadesi","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2020.299983.1309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2020.299983.1309","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel is an alternative to fossil fuels which is produced through a transesterification reaction between vegetable oils or animal fats and light alcohols such as methanol or ethanol. In this reaction, along with the production of biodiesel, glycerol as a byproduct and non-reacted alcohol is produced which reduces biodiesel quality. Hence, many studies have been carried out on liquid-liquid equilibrium for ternary systems containing biodiesel+ glycerol + alcohol. One of the phases is rich in biodiesel and another phase is rich in glycerol; moreover, alcohol is distributed between the two phases. In the present study, based on previous experimental data, the UNIQUAC and NRTL thermodynamic models were used to predict the composition of the phases. The intermolecular interaction term for each of the models was considered as a linear function of the reverse temperature. In both models, there was no difference between the amount of biodiesel produced from different oils and were obtained the general interaction parameters. Based on the results, the percentage of absolute average deviation for NRTL and UNIQUAC models for biodiesel+ glycerol+ ethanol system were 1.24% and 2.13%, respectively, and for biodiesel+ glycerol+ methanol system were 1.13% and 1.71%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78173575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-24DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2020.283843.1295
A. M. Rashed
Water in oil emulsion is consider one of the major challenges encountered during production of heavy oil or when applying enhanced oil recovery techniques whether thermal or chemical. In this study stability and rheological properties of hot and cold produced heavy oil emulsions formed due to steam injection processes in Kuwaiti reservoirs were investigated thoroughly over a wide range of operation conditions. The effects of temperature, shear rates, and water cuts on the physical and chemical behaviors of the heavy oil emulsions were examined experimentally in detail. The results showed that cold-produced heavy oil emulsion (CP-HO) is more stable than hot produced heavy oil emulsions (HP-HO) because of its high salinity concentrations and low resin/asphaltene (R/A) ratios, and low PH value. Moreover, a new emulsion viscosity correlation was developed using the experimental data. The proposed model was validated against existed models. The results showed that the developed correlation i more applicable than the existed one in predicting the viscosity of heavy oil emulsions with a percentage of deviation almost less than 5 %.
{"title":"Investigation of Stability and Rheology of Produced Heavy-Oil Emulsions Formed due to Steam Injection","authors":"A. M. Rashed","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2020.283843.1295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2020.283843.1295","url":null,"abstract":"Water in oil emulsion is consider one of the major challenges encountered during production of heavy oil or when applying enhanced oil recovery techniques whether thermal or chemical. In this study stability and rheological properties of hot and cold produced heavy oil emulsions formed due to steam injection processes in Kuwaiti reservoirs were investigated thoroughly over a wide range of operation conditions. The effects of temperature, shear rates, and water cuts on the physical and chemical behaviors of the heavy oil emulsions were examined experimentally in detail. The results showed that cold-produced heavy oil emulsion (CP-HO) is more stable than hot produced heavy oil emulsions (HP-HO) because of its high salinity concentrations and low resin/asphaltene (R/A) ratios, and low PH value. Moreover, a new emulsion viscosity correlation was developed using the experimental data. The proposed model was validated against existed models. The results showed that the developed correlation i more applicable than the existed one in predicting the viscosity of heavy oil emulsions with a percentage of deviation almost less than 5 %.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91174754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-06DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2020.286558.1291
Afshin Fahiminezhad, S. Peyghambarzadeh, Mohsen Rezaeimanesh
In this paper, the radiation section of ethylene dichloride (EDC) cracking furnace considering the chemical reaction was numerically modeled using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This study investigated the influence of some parameters such as mass flow rate, the inlet temperature of fluid into the radiation section, and heat flux on the conversion, changes in velocity, pressure, and temperature of the fluid along the coil passes, as well as at the outlet stream of the coil. The modeling results were then compared with a series of industrial data of an industrial EDC cracking furnace. The results showed considering the variable heat flux boundary condition is more compatible with the industrial data rather than constant heat flux boundary condition. Increasing the feed inlet temperature to the furnace, increased the EDC conversion due to the endothermic nature of the thermal cracking reaction. Furthermore, reducing the inlet mass flow rate led to a significant increase in the conversion, temperature, and mass fraction of the products due to increase in residence time.
{"title":"Numerical modelling and industrial verification of ethylene dichloride cracking furnace","authors":"Afshin Fahiminezhad, S. Peyghambarzadeh, Mohsen Rezaeimanesh","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2020.286558.1291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2020.286558.1291","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the radiation section of ethylene dichloride (EDC) cracking furnace considering the chemical reaction was numerically modeled using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This study investigated the influence of some parameters such as mass flow rate, the inlet temperature of fluid into the radiation section, and heat flux on the conversion, changes in velocity, pressure, and temperature of the fluid along the coil passes, as well as at the outlet stream of the coil. The modeling results were then compared with a series of industrial data of an industrial EDC cracking furnace. The results showed considering the variable heat flux boundary condition is more compatible with the industrial data rather than constant heat flux boundary condition. Increasing the feed inlet temperature to the furnace, increased the EDC conversion due to the endothermic nature of the thermal cracking reaction. Furthermore, reducing the inlet mass flow rate led to a significant increase in the conversion, temperature, and mass fraction of the products due to increase in residence time.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87094746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-05DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2020.264471.1244
M. Mohadesi, B. Aghel
The present research used novel hybrid computational intelligence (CI) models to predict inorganic indicators of water quality. Two CI models i.e. artificial neural network (ANN) and a hybrid adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) trained by genetic algorithm (GA) were used to predict inorganic indicators of water quality including total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), total alkalinity (TAlk), and electrical conductivity (σ). The study was conducted on samples collected from water wells of Kermanshah province through analyzing water parameters including pH, temperature (T) and the sum of mill equivalents of cations (SC) and anions (SA). A multilayer perceptron (MLP) structure was used to forecast inorganic indicators of water quality using ANN approach. A MATLAB code was used for the proposed ANFIS model to adjust and optimize the ANFIS parameters during the training process using GA. The accuracy of the generated models was described using various evaluation techniques such as mean absolute error (MAE), correlation factor (R) and mean relative error percentage (MRE%). The results showed that both methods were suitable for predicting inorganic indicators of water quality. Moreover, the comparison of the two methods showed that the predicted values obtained from ANFIS/GA model were better than that obtained from ANN approach.
{"title":"Use of ANFIS/Genetic Algorithm and Neural Network to Predict Inorganic Indicators of Water Quality","authors":"M. Mohadesi, B. Aghel","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2020.264471.1244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2020.264471.1244","url":null,"abstract":"The present research used novel hybrid computational intelligence (CI) models to predict inorganic indicators of water quality. Two CI models i.e. artificial neural network (ANN) and a hybrid adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) trained by genetic algorithm (GA) were used to predict inorganic indicators of water quality including total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), total alkalinity (TAlk), and electrical conductivity (σ). The study was conducted on samples collected from water wells of Kermanshah province through analyzing water parameters including pH, temperature (T) and the sum of mill equivalents of cations (SC) and anions (SA). A multilayer perceptron (MLP) structure was used to forecast inorganic indicators of water quality using ANN approach. A MATLAB code was used for the proposed ANFIS model to adjust and optimize the ANFIS parameters during the training process using GA. The accuracy of the generated models was described using various evaluation techniques such as mean absolute error (MAE), correlation factor (R) and mean relative error percentage (MRE%). The results showed that both methods were suitable for predicting inorganic indicators of water quality. Moreover, the comparison of the two methods showed that the predicted values obtained from ANFIS/GA model were better than that obtained from ANN approach.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74677996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, a novel biocatalytic process for the production of 7-methylxanthines from theobromine, an economic feedstock has been developed. Bench scale production of 7-methlxanthine has been demonstrated. The biocatalytic process used in this work operates at 30 OC and atmospheric pressure, and is environmentally friendly. The biocatalyst was E. coli BL21(DE3) engineered with ndmB/D genes combinations. These modifications enabled specific N7- demethylation of theobromine to 7-methylxanthine. This production process consists of uniform fermentation conditions with a specific metabolically engineered strain, uniform induction of specific enzymes for 7-methylxanthine production, uniform recovery and preparation of biocatalyst for reaction and uniform recovery of pure 7-methylxanthine. Many E. coli BL21(DE3) strains metabolically engineered with single and/or multiple ndmB/D genes were tested for catalytic activity, and the best strains which had the higher activity were chosen to carry out the N-demethylation reaction of theobromine. Strain pBD2dDB had the highest activity for the production of 7-methylxanthine from theobromine. That strain was used to find the optimum amount of cells required to achieve complete conversion of theobromine to 7-methylxanthine within two hours. It was found that the optimum concentration of pBD2dDB strain to achieve 100% conversion of 0.5 mM theobromine to 7-methylxanthine was 5 mg/mL. The cell growth of pBD2dDB strain was studied using two different growth media, (Luria-Bertani Broth and Super Broth). Super broth was found to be the best medium to produce the highest amount of cell paste (1.5 g). Subsequently, the process was scaled up in which 2 L reaction volume was used to produce 7-methylxanthine (100% conversion) from 0.5 mM theobromine catalyzed by pBD2dDB strain. The reactions was carried out at 30 oC and 250 rpm shaker speed, and the reaction medium was 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH=7). 7-methylxanthines was separated by preparative chromatography with high recovery, and the product solution was collected, purified by drying at 120-140 oC for 4 hours and, recovered (127 mg). Purity of the isolated 7-methylxanthine was comparable to authentic standards with no contaminant peaks, as observed by HPLC, LC-MS, and NMR.
{"title":"Production of 7-methylxanthine from Theobromine by Metabolically Engineered E. coli","authors":"K. H. Algharrawi, M. Subramanian","doi":"10.31699/IJCPE.2020.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2020.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a novel biocatalytic process for the production of 7-methylxanthines from theobromine, an economic feedstock has been developed. Bench scale production of 7-methlxanthine has been demonstrated. The biocatalytic process used in this work operates at 30 OC and atmospheric pressure, and is environmentally friendly. The biocatalyst was E. coli BL21(DE3) engineered with ndmB/D genes combinations. These modifications enabled specific N7- demethylation of theobromine to 7-methylxanthine. This production process consists of uniform fermentation conditions with a specific metabolically engineered strain, uniform induction of specific enzymes for 7-methylxanthine production, uniform recovery and preparation of biocatalyst for reaction and uniform recovery of pure 7-methylxanthine. \u0000 Many E. coli BL21(DE3) strains metabolically engineered with single and/or multiple ndmB/D genes were tested for catalytic activity, and the best strains which had the higher activity were chosen to carry out the N-demethylation reaction of theobromine. Strain pBD2dDB had the highest activity for the production of 7-methylxanthine from theobromine. That strain was used to find the optimum amount of cells required to achieve complete conversion of theobromine to 7-methylxanthine within two hours. It was found that the optimum concentration of pBD2dDB strain to achieve 100% conversion of 0.5 mM theobromine to 7-methylxanthine was 5 mg/mL. The cell growth of pBD2dDB strain was studied using two different growth media, (Luria-Bertani Broth and Super Broth). Super broth was found to be the best medium to produce the highest amount of cell paste (1.5 g). Subsequently, the process was scaled up in which 2 L reaction volume was used to produce 7-methylxanthine (100% conversion) from 0.5 mM theobromine catalyzed by pBD2dDB strain. The reactions was carried out at 30 oC and 250 rpm shaker speed, and the reaction medium was 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH=7). 7-methylxanthines was separated by preparative chromatography with high recovery, and the product solution was collected, purified by drying at 120-140 oC for 4 hours and, recovered (127 mg). Purity of the isolated 7-methylxanthine was comparable to authentic standards with no contaminant peaks, as observed by HPLC, LC-MS, and NMR.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72527766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saleem Mohammad Alrubaye, M. S. Hameed, Abdulkareem Dahash Affat
In the oil industry, the processing of vacuum residue has an important economic and environmental benefit. This work aims to produce industrial petroleum coke with light fuel fractions (gasoline, kerosene , gas oil) as the main product and de asphalted oil (DAO) as a side production from treatment secondary product matter of vacuum residue. Vacuum residue was produced from the bottom of vacuum distillation unit of the crude oil. Experimentally, the study investigated the effect of the thermal conversion process on (vacuum residue) as a raw material at temperature reaches to 500 °C, pressure 20 atm. and residence time for about 3 hours. The first step of this treatment is constructing a carbon steel batch reactor its volume about 700 ml, occupied with auxiliary control devices, joined together with an atmospheric distillation unit. The amounts of light fuel fraction products are 2 vol. % for light gasoline, 4 vol. % for heavy gasoline 17 vol. % for kerosene and 24 vol. % for diesel oil. The second step was the treatment the residue matter from first step, in order to separate the petroleum coke matter from asphaltene matter by solvent deasphalting matter (propane) to prepare de asphalted oil (DAO). The amount of de asphalted oil is about 15 vol. %, leaving asphaltene with impurities to precipitate at the bottom of the reactor and these materials consist of the petroleum coke structure. The petroleum coke separate and calcined at approximately (1000 - 1100) °C, to eliminate the reminder of volatile matter from the industrial coke and reach to commercial property.
{"title":"Studying Thermal Cracking Behavior of Vacuum Residue","authors":"Saleem Mohammad Alrubaye, M. S. Hameed, Abdulkareem Dahash Affat","doi":"10.31699/IJCPE.2020.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2020.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"In the oil industry, the processing of vacuum residue has an important economic and environmental benefit. This work aims to produce industrial petroleum coke with light fuel fractions (gasoline, kerosene , gas oil) as the main product and de asphalted oil (DAO) as a side production from treatment secondary product matter of vacuum residue. Vacuum residue was produced from the bottom of vacuum distillation unit of the crude oil. Experimentally, the study investigated the effect of the thermal conversion process on (vacuum residue) as a raw material at temperature reaches to 500 °C, pressure 20 atm. and residence time for about 3 hours. The first step of this treatment is constructing a carbon steel batch reactor its volume about 700 ml, occupied with auxiliary control devices, joined together with an atmospheric distillation unit. The amounts of light fuel fraction products are 2 vol. % for light gasoline, 4 vol. % for heavy gasoline 17 vol. % for kerosene and 24 vol. % for diesel oil. The second step was the treatment the residue matter from first step, in order to separate the petroleum coke matter from asphaltene matter by solvent deasphalting matter (propane) to prepare de asphalted oil (DAO). The amount of de asphalted oil is about 15 vol. %, leaving asphaltene with impurities to precipitate at the bottom of the reactor and these materials consist of the petroleum coke structure. The petroleum coke separate and calcined at approximately (1000 - 1100) °C, to eliminate the reminder of volatile matter from the industrial coke and reach to commercial property.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"99 1","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81328761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research presents a comparison of performance between recycled single stage and double stage hydrocyclones in separating water from water/kerosene emulsion. The comparison included several factors such as: inlet flow rate (3,5,7,9, and 11 L/min), water feed concentration (5% and 15% by volume), and split ratio (0.1 and 0.9). The comparison extended to include the recycle operation; once and twice recycles. The results showed that increasing flow rate as well as the split ratio enhancing the separation efficiency for the two modes of operation. On the contrary, reducing the feed concentration gave high efficiencies for the modes. The operation with two cycles was more efficient than one cycle. The maximum obtained efficiencies were 97% and 97.5% at 5% concentration, 11 L/min, and 0.9 split ratio for twice recycled single stage and double stage hydrocyclones, respectively. The pressure drop was the same for the two modes of operation. It was concluded that using recycled single stage hydrocyclone was more economical since it reduced the cost of additional hydrocyclone.
{"title":"hydrocyclone Performance Comparison between Recycled Single Stage and Double Stage Hydrocyclones","authors":"M. Raheem, R. F. Qassim","doi":"10.31699/IJCPE.2020.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2020.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents a comparison of performance between recycled single stage and double stage hydrocyclones in separating water from water/kerosene emulsion. The comparison included several factors such as: inlet flow rate (3,5,7,9, and 11 L/min), water feed concentration (5% and 15% by volume), and split ratio (0.1 and 0.9). The comparison extended to include the recycle operation; once and twice recycles. The results showed that increasing flow rate as well as the split ratio enhancing the separation efficiency for the two modes of operation. On the contrary, reducing the feed concentration gave high efficiencies for the modes. The operation with two cycles was more efficient than one cycle. The maximum obtained efficiencies were 97% and 97.5% at 5% concentration, 11 L/min, and 0.9 split ratio for twice recycled single stage and double stage hydrocyclones, respectively. The pressure drop was the same for the two modes of operation. It was concluded that using recycled single stage hydrocyclone was more economical since it reduced the cost of additional hydrocyclone.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"65 1","pages":"51-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88969955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Porosity plays an essential role in petroleum engineering. It controls fluid storage in aquifers, connectivity of the pore structure control fluid flow through reservoir formations. To quantify the relationships between porosity, storage, transport and rock properties, however, the pore structure must be measured and quantitatively described. Porosity estimation of digital image utilizing image processing essential for the reservoir rock analysis since the sample 2D porosity briefly described. The regular procedure utilizes the binarization process, which uses the pixel value threshold to convert the color and grayscale images to binary images. The idea is to accommodate the blue regions entirely with pores and transform it to white in resulting binary image. This paper presents the possibilities of using image processing for determining digital 2D rock samples porosity in carbonate reservoir rocks. MATLAB code created which automatically segment and determine the digital rock porosity, based on the OTSU's thresholding algorithm. In this work, twenty-two samples of 2D thin section petrographic image reservoir rocks of one Iraqi oil field are studied. The examples of thin section images are processed and digitized, utilizing MATLAB programming. In the present study, we have focused on determining of micro and macroporosity of the digital image. Also, some pore void characteristics, such as area and perimeter, were calculated. Digital 2D image analysis results are compared to laboratory core investigation results to determine the strength and restrictions of the digital image interpretation techniques. Thin microscopic image porosity determined using OTSU technique showed a moderate match with core porosity.
{"title":"Digital Rock Samples Porosity Analysis by OTSU Thresholding Technique Using MATLAB","authors":"Y. Tawfeeq, J. A. Al-Sudani","doi":"10.31699/IJCPE.2020.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2020.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Porosity plays an essential role in petroleum engineering. It controls fluid storage in aquifers, connectivity of the pore structure control fluid flow through reservoir formations. To quantify the relationships between porosity, storage, transport and rock properties, however, the pore structure must be measured and quantitatively described. Porosity estimation of digital image utilizing image processing essential for the reservoir rock analysis since the sample 2D porosity briefly described. The regular procedure utilizes the binarization process, which uses the pixel value threshold to convert the color and grayscale images to binary images. The idea is to accommodate the blue regions entirely with pores and transform it to white in resulting binary image. This paper presents the possibilities of using image processing for determining digital 2D rock samples porosity in carbonate reservoir rocks. MATLAB code created which automatically segment and determine the digital rock porosity, based on the OTSU's thresholding algorithm. In this work, twenty-two samples of 2D thin section petrographic image reservoir rocks of one Iraqi oil field are studied. The examples of thin section images are processed and digitized, utilizing MATLAB programming. In the present study, we have focused on determining of micro and macroporosity of the digital image. Also, some pore void characteristics, such as area and perimeter, were calculated. Digital 2D image analysis results are compared to laboratory core investigation results to determine the strength and restrictions of the digital image interpretation techniques. Thin microscopic image porosity determined using OTSU technique showed a moderate match with core porosity.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"124 1","pages":"57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75290015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the circulating fluidized bed was used to remove the Tetracycline from wastewater utilizing a pistachio shell coated with ZnO nanoparticles. Several parameters including, Tetracycline solution flowrate, initial static bed height, Tetracycline initial concentration and airflow rate were systematically examined to show their effect on the breakthrough curve and the required time to reach the adsorption capacity and thus draw the fully saturated curve of the adsorbent. Results showed that using ZnO nanoparticles will increase the adsorbent surface area and pores and as a result the adsorption increased, also the required time for adsorbent saturation increased and thus the removal efficiency may be achieved at minimum antibiotic flowrate, maximum bed height, higher antibiotic concentration, and higher airflow rate. Also, a minimum fluidization velocity correlation was developed in this study. This correlation was found to be a function of liquid velocity, bed height, particle size, and particle density. The results showed that circulating fluidized bed has a better performance and last more than two hours before the bed biomass exhausted in comparison with traditional fluidized bed.
{"title":"Removal of Tetracycline from Wastewater Using Circulating Fluidized Bed","authors":"S. Kareem, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.31699/IJCPE.2020.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2020.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the circulating fluidized bed was used to remove the Tetracycline from wastewater utilizing a pistachio shell coated with ZnO nanoparticles. Several parameters including, Tetracycline solution flowrate, initial static bed height, Tetracycline initial concentration and airflow rate were systematically examined to show their effect on the breakthrough curve and the required time to reach the adsorption capacity and thus draw the fully saturated curve of the adsorbent. Results showed that using ZnO nanoparticles will increase the adsorbent surface area and pores and as a result the adsorption increased, also the required time for adsorbent saturation increased and thus the removal efficiency may be achieved at minimum antibiotic flowrate, maximum bed height, higher antibiotic concentration, and higher airflow rate. Also, a minimum fluidization velocity correlation was developed in this study. This correlation was found to be a function of liquid velocity, bed height, particle size, and particle density. The results showed that circulating fluidized bed has a better performance and last more than two hours before the bed biomass exhausted in comparison with traditional fluidized bed.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82276137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present work studies were carried out to extract a cationic dye (Methylene Blue MB) from an aqueous solution using emulsion liquid membrane process (ELM). The organic phase (membrane phase) consists of Span 80 as emulsifier, sulfuric acid solution as stripping agent and hexane as diluent. In this study, important factors influencing the extraction of methylene blue dye were studied. These factors include H2SO4 concentration in the stripping phase, agitation speed in the dye permeation stage, Initial dye concentration and diluent type. More than (98%) of Methylene blue dye was extracted at the following conditions: H2SO4 concentration (1.25) M, agitation speed (200) rpm, dye concentration (10) ppm and the diluent type was hexane.
{"title":"Application of Emulsion Liquid Membrane Process for Cationic Dye Extraction","authors":"M. Mohammed, W. O. Noori, H. Sabbar","doi":"10.31699/IJCPE.2020.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2020.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work studies were carried out to extract a cationic dye (Methylene Blue MB) from an aqueous solution using emulsion liquid membrane process (ELM). The organic phase (membrane phase) consists of Span 80 as emulsifier, sulfuric acid solution as stripping agent and hexane as diluent. \u0000In this study, important factors influencing the extraction of methylene blue dye were studied. These factors include H2SO4 concentration in the stripping phase, agitation speed in the dye permeation stage, Initial dye concentration and diluent type. \u0000 More than (98%) of Methylene blue dye was extracted at the following conditions: H2SO4 concentration (1.25) M, agitation speed (200) rpm, dye concentration (10) ppm and the diluent type was hexane.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"107 1","pages":"39-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89311708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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