Iraqi crude Atmospheric residual fraction supplied from al-Dura refinery was treated to remove metals contaminants by solvent extraction method, with various hydrocarbon solvents and concentrations. The extraction method using three different type solvent (n-hexane, n-heptane, and light naphtha) were found to be effective for removal of oil-soluble metals from heavy atmospheric residual fraction. Different solvents with using three different hydrocarbon solvents (n-hexane, n-heptane, and light naphtha) .different variables were studied solvent/oil ratios (4/1, 8/1, 10/1, 12/1, and 15/1), different intervals of perceptual (15, 30-60, 90 and 120 min) and different temperature (30, 45, 60 and 90 °C) were used. The metals removal percent were found depending on the yield of asphaltene. The solvent-oil ratio had important effects on the amount of metal removal. The metals removal was increased at increasing temperatures from 30 to 90 C increases the metal ion precipitated. The highest Ni precipitated was 79.23 ppm using heptane at 90 C while for V the highest value was 64.51 ppm using also heptane at 90 C, while the mixing time decreased metals removal. With increasing asphalt yield, the removal of metal was more selective. Among the solvents used in the extraction treatment method, the highest Ni precipitated was 76 ppm using hexane at 150 ml solvent and showed the most promising results. Increasing mixing time increases metals removal for V, the highest value was 65.51 ppm using either heptane or light naphtha. The highest Ni precipitated was 78 ppm using heptane at 120 min while for V the highest value was 67 ppm using either heptane or light naphtha after 120 min.
{"title":"Removal of Vanadium and Nickel Ions from Iraqi Atmospheric Residue by Using Solvent Extraction Method","authors":"N. M. Ali, Tariq M. Naife","doi":"10.31699/IJCPE.2021.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2021.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Iraqi crude Atmospheric residual fraction supplied from al-Dura refinery was treated to remove metals contaminants by solvent extraction method, with various hydrocarbon solvents and concentrations. The extraction method using three different type solvent (n-hexane, n-heptane, and light naphtha) were found to be effective for removal of oil-soluble metals from heavy atmospheric residual fraction. Different solvents with using three different hydrocarbon solvents (n-hexane, n-heptane, and light naphtha) .different variables were studied solvent/oil ratios (4/1, 8/1, 10/1, 12/1, and 15/1), different intervals of perceptual (15, 30-60, 90 and 120 min) and different temperature (30, 45, 60 and 90 °C) were used. The metals removal percent were found depending on the yield of asphaltene. The solvent-oil ratio had important effects on the amount of metal removal. The metals removal was increased at increasing temperatures from 30 to 90 C increases the metal ion precipitated. The highest Ni precipitated was 79.23 ppm using heptane at 90 C while for V the highest value was 64.51 ppm using also heptane at 90 C, while the mixing time decreased metals removal. With increasing asphalt yield, the removal of metal was more selective. Among the solvents used in the extraction treatment method, the highest Ni precipitated was 76 ppm using hexane at 150 ml solvent and showed the most promising results. Increasing mixing time increases metals removal for V, the highest value was 65.51 ppm using either heptane or light naphtha. The highest Ni precipitated was 78 ppm using heptane at 120 min while for V the highest value was 67 ppm using either heptane or light naphtha after 120 min.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"40 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79883453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayat Ragheb Alkarbalaee, Adel Sharif Hammadi, G. H. Majeed
One of the most important problems in the oil production process and when its continuous flow, is emulsified oil (w/o emulsion), which in turn causes many problems, from the production line to the extended pipelines that are then transported to the oil refining process. It was observed that the nanomaterial (SiO2) supported the separation process by adding it to the emulsion sample and showed a high separation rate with the demulsifiers (RB6000) and (sebamax) where the percentage of separation was greater than (90 and 80 )% respectively, and less than that when dealing with (Sodium dodecyl sulfate and Diethylene glycol), the percentage of separation was (60% and 50%) respectively. The high proportion of (NaCl + distilled water) raises the probability of the separation efficiency as the separation was (88.5,79)% and (65.5, 55) % for (RB6000, SebaMax)respectively with (SiO2) at 70 °C, while the results of separation were (77,85)% and (65,40) for (RB6000, Seba Max) respectively with (SiO2) at 50 °C after 120 minutes, where the (w/o ratio) was (9:1) for the high separation results and (7:3) for the lower separation results, at a speed of (12000rpm), and with a salt concentration of (1500) ppm, and less of these results at lower volumetric and temporal conditions. The (NaCl) salt deals with the wall films separating the droplets and reduces their viscosity [1]. As for the pH factor, it is at the value (2 and 3) represent a stable emulsion that is difficult to separate easily, but with the passage of raising the pH away from the acidic medium and near to the basic direction, a significant increase in the separation process was observed compared with the acidic medium at lower values, after 120 minutes the separation seemed to be good efficient, reaching (60 and 70) % respectively, while at the same time the emulsion reached a more efficient separation level with a pH of ( 8 and 7) equal to (80 and 87.3) %, at 50 °C with SebaMax demulsifier in presence of (SiO2), and with the same pH values, an increase was observed in the separation with the increase in temperature to (70 °C), then it returns to be a reverse emulsifier when the value exceeds (10) to (11, 12, 13).
{"title":"Treating Wet Oil in Amara Oil Field Using Nanomaterial (SiO2) With Different Types of De emulsifiers","authors":"Ayat Ragheb Alkarbalaee, Adel Sharif Hammadi, G. H. Majeed","doi":"10.31699/IJCPE.2021.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2021.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important problems in the oil production process and when its continuous flow, is emulsified oil (w/o emulsion), which in turn causes many problems, from the production line to the extended pipelines that are then transported to the oil refining process. It was observed that the nanomaterial (SiO2) supported the separation process by adding it to the emulsion sample and showed a high separation rate with the demulsifiers (RB6000) and (sebamax) where the percentage of separation was greater than (90 and 80 )% respectively, and less than that when dealing with (Sodium dodecyl sulfate and Diethylene glycol), the percentage of separation was (60% and 50%) respectively. \u0000 The high proportion of (NaCl + distilled water) raises the probability of the separation efficiency as the separation was (88.5,79)% and (65.5, 55) % for (RB6000, SebaMax)respectively with (SiO2) at 70 °C, while the results of separation were (77,85)% and (65,40) for (RB6000, Seba Max) respectively with (SiO2) at 50 °C after 120 minutes, where the (w/o ratio) was (9:1) for the high separation results and (7:3) for the lower separation results, at a speed of (12000rpm), and with a salt concentration of (1500) ppm, and less of these results at lower volumetric and temporal conditions. The (NaCl) salt deals with the wall films separating the droplets and reduces their viscosity [1]. \u0000 As for the pH factor, it is at the value (2 and 3) represent a stable emulsion that is difficult to separate easily, but with the passage of raising the pH away from the acidic medium and near to the basic direction, a significant increase in the separation process was observed compared with the acidic medium at lower values, after 120 minutes the separation seemed to be good efficient, reaching (60 and 70) % respectively, while at the same time the emulsion reached a more efficient separation level with a pH of ( 8 and 7) equal to (80 and 87.3) %, at 50 °C with SebaMax demulsifier in presence of (SiO2), and with the same pH values, an increase was observed in the separation with the increase in temperature to (70 °C), then it returns to be a reverse emulsifier when the value exceeds (10) to (11, 12, 13).","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"134 1","pages":"29-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86327187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-20DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2021.307767.1323
Behrouz Raei, S. Peyghambarzadeh
It was shown that the concept of drag reducing in the pipe flow with the aid of macromolecules is of great importance in practical engineering applications. In this work, the drag reducing the performance of three biological macromolecules including guar gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was compared with three synthetic macromolecules including polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacrylamide (PAM), and polyacrylic acid (PAA). Results showed that all the macromolecules enhanced the DR% except for GG. DR% for almost all of the macromolecules deteriorated with increasing fluid flow rate. On the other hand, DR% enhanced with increasing the pipe diameter for the synthetic polymers but this effect is not obvious for biological polymeric solutions. Maximum DR was 44%, which occur at 1000 ppm concentration of XG at 30 °C and flow rate of 6 l/min and diameter ½ inch. Finally, a new correlation was developed for the prediction of friction coefficient based on the Prandtl-Karman relation with the newly adjusted slope which is a linear function of polymer concentration. This correlation was in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Drag Reduction in Turbulent Flow Using Biological and Synthetic Macromolecules: A Comparative Study","authors":"Behrouz Raei, S. Peyghambarzadeh","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2021.307767.1323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2021.307767.1323","url":null,"abstract":"It was shown that the concept of drag reducing in the pipe flow with the aid of macromolecules is of great importance in practical engineering applications. In this work, the drag reducing the performance of three biological macromolecules including guar gum (GG), xanthan gum (XG), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was compared with three synthetic macromolecules including polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacrylamide (PAM), and polyacrylic acid (PAA). Results showed that all the macromolecules enhanced the DR% except for GG. DR% for almost all of the macromolecules deteriorated with increasing fluid flow rate. On the other hand, DR% enhanced with increasing the pipe diameter for the synthetic polymers but this effect is not obvious for biological polymeric solutions. Maximum DR was 44%, which occur at 1000 ppm concentration of XG at 30 °C and flow rate of 6 l/min and diameter ½ inch. Finally, a new correlation was developed for the prediction of friction coefficient based on the Prandtl-Karman relation with the newly adjusted slope which is a linear function of polymer concentration. This correlation was in excellent agreement with the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86055026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-17DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2020.255987.1229
S. Ghader, H. Bagheri, Forough Hosseinpour
The salts are often present in crude oil are calcium, sodium and magnesium chlorides. Salt can cause severe problems such as corrosion in equipment, fouling by salt deposition, and poisoning of catalysts in downstream units. The current research presents a process modification for improving the dehydration efficiency in a crude oil desalting unit. The main purpose of the current investigation is to substitute the mixing valve by an electrical mixing system. The process configuration was modeled in addition to the electrostatic desulting drum. Based on this model, it is affirmed that the modification is capable to improve the dehydration efficiency. The models are designed according to the population balance method to predict the water cut in the treated crude oil at steady state condition. In order to improve the considered model accuracy, the results are compared with plant data for the existing configuration by the mixing valve. The comparison between the results gained by the mixing valve and the electric mixing system proves the superiority of the proposed technology. Furthermore, the results indicate the optimum value of the electric field strength in the mixing stage to achieve minimum water cut in the treated crude oil.
{"title":"Application of Electric Mixing Method to Improve the Dehydration Efficiency of Industrial Crude Oil Desalting Unit","authors":"S. Ghader, H. Bagheri, Forough Hosseinpour","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2020.255987.1229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2020.255987.1229","url":null,"abstract":"The salts are often present in crude oil are calcium, sodium and magnesium chlorides. Salt can cause severe problems such as corrosion in equipment, fouling by salt deposition, and poisoning of catalysts in downstream units. The current research presents a process modification for improving the dehydration efficiency in a crude oil desalting unit. The main purpose of the current investigation is to substitute the mixing valve by an electrical mixing system. The process configuration was modeled in addition to the electrostatic desulting drum. Based on this model, it is affirmed that the modification is capable to improve the dehydration efficiency. The models are designed according to the population balance method to predict the water cut in the treated crude oil at steady state condition. In order to improve the considered model accuracy, the results are compared with plant data for the existing configuration by the mixing valve. The comparison between the results gained by the mixing valve and the electric mixing system proves the superiority of the proposed technology. Furthermore, the results indicate the optimum value of the electric field strength in the mixing stage to achieve minimum water cut in the treated crude oil.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77746977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2020.314581.1340
Ketema Beyecha Hundie
Purpose effective pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass could be used to produce fermentable sugar for renewable energy production, which reduces problem related to nonrenewable fuel. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to produce monosaccharide sugar for renewable energy from agricultural waste via ammonia pretreatment optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). Methods Cornstover was collected and mechanically pre-treated. RSM and ANN were applied for experimental design and optimum parameters estimation. Cornstover was converted into simple sugars with a combination of ammonia treatment subsequently enzymatic hydrolysis. Result The maximum yield of glucose (87.46%), xylose (77.5%), and total sugar (442.0g/Kg) were all accomplished at 20 min of residence time, 4.0 g/g of ammonia loading, 132.5 0C of temperature, and 0.5 g/g of water loading experimentally. While 86.998% of glucose, 76.789% of xylose, and 439.323(g/Kg) of total sugar were achieved by prediction of the ANN model. Conclusion It was shown that cornstover has a massive potential sugar for the production of renewable fuel. Ammonia loading had a highly significant effect on the yield of all sugars compared to other parameters. Interactively, ammonia loading and residence time had a significant effect on the yield of glucose, while water loading and residence time, had a significant effect on the yield of xylose. The accuracy and prediction of an artificial neural network is better than that of the response surface methodology.
{"title":"Ammonia-Based Pretreatment Optimization of Cornstover Biomass Using Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network","authors":"Ketema Beyecha Hundie","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2020.314581.1340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2020.314581.1340","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose effective pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass could be used to produce fermentable sugar for renewable energy production, which reduces problem related to nonrenewable fuel. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to produce monosaccharide sugar for renewable energy from agricultural waste via ammonia pretreatment optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). Methods Cornstover was collected and mechanically pre-treated. RSM and ANN were applied for experimental design and optimum parameters estimation. Cornstover was converted into simple sugars with a combination of ammonia treatment subsequently enzymatic hydrolysis. Result The maximum yield of glucose (87.46%), xylose (77.5%), and total sugar (442.0g/Kg) were all accomplished at 20 min of residence time, 4.0 g/g of ammonia loading, 132.5 0C of temperature, and 0.5 g/g of water loading experimentally. While 86.998% of glucose, 76.789% of xylose, and 439.323(g/Kg) of total sugar were achieved by prediction of the ANN model. Conclusion It was shown that cornstover has a massive potential sugar for the production of renewable fuel. Ammonia loading had a highly significant effect on the yield of all sugars compared to other parameters. Interactively, ammonia loading and residence time had a significant effect on the yield of glucose, while water loading and residence time, had a significant effect on the yield of xylose. The accuracy and prediction of an artificial neural network is better than that of the response surface methodology.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88863382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-25DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2020.310442.1330
B. Aghel, M. Mohadesi, M. H. Razmegir
Water has been recognized as the most fundamental factor in the life of organisms and the most widely used element in industries while currently, the world is dealing with water scarcity in many areas. This emphasizes the importance of preventing water contamination as well as returning contaminated water produced by industries to the production and consumption cycle. Yet, the need for environmental protection is a certain principle that is generalized in today's world so this necessity has become more important as the growth of industries and technologies and subsequent contamination. Advanced oxidation technology has been substantially developed in recent decades becoming increasingly important in the treatment process of industrial wastewaters containing resistant organic materials which cannot be removed through conventional treatment methods to reduce water quality parameters. The present study has examined the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the synthetic monoethylamine wastewater prepared by the solar Photo-Fenton process. Principal effective parameters in the advanced oxidation technology, including the process time, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide ion, the concentration of iron (II) ion, and pH, were investigated by the response surface methodology (RSM) through 30 random experiments using central composite design method (CCD) to optimize reaction conditions. The most sufficient operational conditions were achieved at pH=4, [Fe2+] =2 mM, [H2O2] =20 mM, and t=90 min for the COD removal rate of 77.08%.
水被认为是生物生命中最基本的因素，也是工业中应用最广泛的元素，而目前世界上许多地区都面临着缺水的问题。这强调了防止水污染以及将工业生产的受污染的水返回生产和消费周期的重要性。然而，对环境保护的需求是当今世界普遍存在的一个原则，因此随着工业和技术的发展以及随之而来的污染，这种必要性变得更加重要。近几十年来，高级氧化技术得到了长足的发展，在工业废水处理过程中发挥着越来越重要的作用，这些工业废水含有通过常规处理方法无法去除的抗性有机物质，以降低水质参数。研究了太阳能光fenton法合成一乙胺废水的化学需氧量(COD)。采用响应面法(RSM)，通过30个随机实验，采用中心复合设计方法(CCD)对工艺时间、过氧化氢离子浓度、铁(II)离子浓度、pH等主要有效参数进行研究，优化反应条件。当pH=4， [Fe2+] =2 mM， [H2O2] =20 mM, t=90 min时，COD去除率为77.08%。
{"title":"COD Reduction in Petrochemical Wastewater using the Solar Photo-Fenton Process","authors":"B. Aghel, M. Mohadesi, M. H. Razmegir","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2020.310442.1330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2020.310442.1330","url":null,"abstract":"Water has been recognized as the most fundamental factor in the life of organisms and the most widely used element in industries while currently, the world is dealing with water scarcity in many areas. This emphasizes the importance of preventing water contamination as well as returning contaminated water produced by industries to the production and consumption cycle. Yet, the need for environmental protection is a certain principle that is generalized in today's world so this necessity has become more important as the growth of industries and technologies and subsequent contamination. Advanced oxidation technology has been substantially developed in recent decades becoming increasingly important in the treatment process of industrial wastewaters containing resistant organic materials which cannot be removed through conventional treatment methods to reduce water quality parameters. The present study has examined the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the synthetic monoethylamine wastewater prepared by the solar Photo-Fenton process. Principal effective parameters in the advanced oxidation technology, including the process time, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide ion, the concentration of iron (II) ion, and pH, were investigated by the response surface methodology (RSM) through 30 random experiments using central composite design method (CCD) to optimize reaction conditions. The most sufficient operational conditions were achieved at pH=4, [Fe2+] =2 mM, [H2O2] =20 mM, and t=90 min for the COD removal rate of 77.08%.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85653856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2020.291688.1299
N. Hajizadeh, G. Moradi, S. Ashoori
Due to the limited crude oil resources, the role of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques in the production of the oil that has not been extracted during the primary and secondary oil production techniques is crucial. Gas injection is known as an important EOR technology, but one of the main concerns during gas injection is asphaltene precipitation and deposition within reservoir formation. In this study, the effect of temperature (ranges 376-416 K) and concentration of injected gas (N2 (10, 20 and 40, mole percent) and first separator gas (20, 40 and 60, mole percent)) on the onset pressures and amount of asphaltene precipitation in one of the Iranian oil reservoirs were investigated. Two series of experiments were accomplished on live oil by gravimetric method; first: injection of different concentrationsof nitrogen and first separator gas at reservoir temperature and under different pressures (3000-8000 psia) and second: natural depletion at different temperatures. Besides, the experimental data of asphaltene precipitation due to N2, first separator gas, and also CO2 injection were compared together. Finally, the experimental data were modeled with a solid model. The results indicate that the amount of asphaltene precipitation due to N2 injection (0.1-0.2 wt %) is lower than the first separator gas and CO2 injection at the same concentration. Experiments show that in the range of experimental temperatures the asphaltene precipitation changes up to 0.06 wt %. For pressures below the bubble pressure (~ 4700 psi), precipitation changes directly with temperature, and indirect relation is observed for pressures above the bubble point pressure.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation and Modelling of Asphaltene Precipitation during Gas Injection","authors":"N. Hajizadeh, G. Moradi, S. Ashoori","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2020.291688.1299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2020.291688.1299","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the limited crude oil resources, the role of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques in the production of the oil that has not been extracted during the primary and secondary oil production techniques is crucial. Gas injection is known as an important EOR technology, but one of the main concerns during gas injection is asphaltene precipitation and deposition within reservoir formation. In this study, the effect of temperature (ranges 376-416 K) and concentration of injected gas (N2 (10, 20 and 40, mole percent) and first separator gas (20, 40 and 60, mole percent)) on the onset pressures and amount of asphaltene precipitation in one of the Iranian oil reservoirs were investigated. Two series of experiments were accomplished on live oil by gravimetric method; first: injection of different concentrationsof nitrogen and first separator gas at reservoir temperature and under different pressures (3000-8000 psia) and second: natural depletion at different temperatures. Besides, the experimental data of asphaltene precipitation due to N2, first separator gas, and also CO2 injection were compared together. Finally, the experimental data were modeled with a solid model. The results indicate that the amount of asphaltene precipitation due to N2 injection (0.1-0.2 wt %) is lower than the first separator gas and CO2 injection at the same concentration. Experiments show that in the range of experimental temperatures the asphaltene precipitation changes up to 0.06 wt %. For pressures below the bubble pressure (~ 4700 psi), precipitation changes directly with temperature, and indirect relation is observed for pressures above the bubble point pressure.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":"223-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76882625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2020.303331.1315
P. Najafi, Hamid Ramezanipour Penchah, A. Ghaemi
In this study, carbazole-based hypercrosslinked polymer (HCP) adsorbent was synthesized using the knitting method by Friedel-Crafts reaction. The effects of crosslinker to carbazole ratio and synthesis time on the adsorbent structure were investigated to improve CO2/N2 and CO2/H2 selectivity. Crosslinker to carbazole ratio and the synthesis time was considered in the range of 1-4 (mol/mol) and 8-18 (h), respectively. HCP adsorbents were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-teller analysis (BET). The adsorption capacity of CO2, N2, and H2 were measured by carbazole-based HCP and it was correlated with the nonlinear form of the Langmuir isotherm model. The achieved BET surface area of adsorbent with the highest amount of synthesis parameters was 922 (m2/g). The ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) was utilized to anticipate CO2/N2 and CO2/H2 selectivity at 298 k and 1 bar. CO2/N2 and CO2/H2 selectivity for adsorbent with the maximum amount of synthesis parameters were 8.4 and 4.4, respectively. The high selectivity values of carbazole-based HCPs are due to the presence of nitrogen atoms in the adsorbent structure and a more robust interaction between CO2 molecules and the adsorbent surface.
{"title":"Improving CO2 /N2 and CO2/H2 Selectivity of Hypercrosslinked Carbazole-Based Polymeric Adsorbent for Environmental Protection","authors":"P. Najafi, Hamid Ramezanipour Penchah, A. Ghaemi","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2020.303331.1315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2020.303331.1315","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, carbazole-based hypercrosslinked polymer (HCP) adsorbent was synthesized using the knitting method by Friedel-Crafts reaction. The effects of crosslinker to carbazole ratio and synthesis time on the adsorbent structure were investigated to improve CO2/N2 and CO2/H2 selectivity. Crosslinker to carbazole ratio and the synthesis time was considered in the range of 1-4 (mol/mol) and 8-18 (h), respectively. HCP adsorbents were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-teller analysis (BET). The adsorption capacity of CO2, N2, and H2 were measured by carbazole-based HCP and it was correlated with the nonlinear form of the Langmuir isotherm model. The achieved BET surface area of adsorbent with the highest amount of synthesis parameters was 922 (m2/g). The ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) was utilized to anticipate CO2/N2 and CO2/H2 selectivity at 298 k and 1 bar. CO2/N2 and CO2/H2 selectivity for adsorbent with the maximum amount of synthesis parameters were 8.4 and 4.4, respectively. The high selectivity values of carbazole-based HCPs are due to the presence of nitrogen atoms in the adsorbent structure and a more robust interaction between CO2 molecules and the adsorbent surface.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"72 1","pages":"311-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86310783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-04DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2020.295906.1305
K. Movagharnejad, Seyed Mohammad Arzideh
The accurate description of the phase equilibria of CO2 and n-alkane multicomponent mixtures over a wide range of temperature, pressure, and n-alkane molecular weight, requires the models that are both consistent and mathematically flexible for such highly non-ideal systems. In this study, a predictive correlation was proposed for the vapor-liquid equilibrium data (VLE) of CO2 and n-alkane ternary systems, based on the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS), coupled to cubic mixing rules (CMRs). The ternary interaction parameters (TIP) correlation is developed using binary VLE data and tested for CO2 + n-alkane+ n-alkane ternary systems. For this purpose, binary VLE data of CO2 + n-alkane and n-alkane + n-alkane systems for n-alkane from C3 to C24, covering a total of about 70 references, used to correlate TIP in the ranges of 0.5-31 MPa and 230-663 K. Two temperature-dependent TIP correlations, based on acentric factor ratio, have been tuned with more than 2000 data points of the CO2 + n-alkane and the n-alkane + n-alkane binary systems with AARD of 3.13% and 6.71%, respectively. The generalized predictive correlation was proposed based on the proper three-body interaction contributions and successfully tested for VLE data of the CO2 + n-alkane + n-alkane ternary systems.
{"title":"A Predictive Correlation for Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of CO2 + n-Alkane Ternary Systems Based on Cubic Mixing Rules","authors":"K. Movagharnejad, Seyed Mohammad Arzideh","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2020.295906.1305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2020.295906.1305","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate description of the phase equilibria of CO2 and n-alkane multicomponent mixtures over a wide range of temperature, pressure, and n-alkane molecular weight, requires the models that are both consistent and mathematically flexible for such highly non-ideal systems. In this study, a predictive correlation was proposed for the vapor-liquid equilibrium data (VLE) of CO2 and n-alkane ternary systems, based on the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS), coupled to cubic mixing rules (CMRs). The ternary interaction parameters (TIP) correlation is developed using binary VLE data and tested for CO2 + n-alkane+ n-alkane ternary systems. For this purpose, binary VLE data of CO2 + n-alkane and n-alkane + n-alkane systems for n-alkane from C3 to C24, covering a total of about 70 references, used to correlate TIP in the ranges of 0.5-31 MPa and 230-663 K. Two temperature-dependent TIP correlations, based on acentric factor ratio, have been tuned with more than 2000 data points of the CO2 + n-alkane and the n-alkane + n-alkane binary systems with AARD of 3.13% and 6.71%, respectively. The generalized predictive correlation was proposed based on the proper three-body interaction contributions and successfully tested for VLE data of the CO2 + n-alkane + n-alkane ternary systems.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86400438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-28DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2020.287075.1293
Fereshte Tavakoli Dastjerd, J. Sadeghi
The present article investigates the implementation of non-minimal state space (NMSS) representation with proportional-integral-plus (PIP) controller for the carbon dioxide absorption process of Shiraz petrochemical ammonia unit. The PIP controller is a logical extension of conventional PI/PID controllers with additional dynamic feedback and input compensators. PIP controller is used for multivariable control without limitation on the number of controlled variables. A Multi Input - Multi Output (MIMO) square model was extracted from step response test. In this way, input water flow rate to carbon dioxide absorption system, the heat duty of input absorbent cooler to tray (1) of absorption tower and re-boiler heat duty of stripping tower are chosen as manipulated variables (inputs), while carbon dioxide mole fraction in absorption tower vapor product, the water mole fraction in absorption tower liquid product and tray temperature No. 36 of stripping tower are determined as controlled ones (outputs). The system identification is performed with three input and three output variables using step response test. As a result, continuous and discrete time transfer function matrices and suitable NMSS model for PIP controller are reported. Finally, in order to evaluate the PIP control performance, the feed flow rate increases by 2%. The results show the proper performance of designed PIP controller for both disturbance rejection and set point tracking.
{"title":"The Multivariable Non-Minimal State Space- Proportional Integral Plus (NMSS-PIP) Control for Carbon Dioxide Absorption System","authors":"Fereshte Tavakoli Dastjerd, J. Sadeghi","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2020.287075.1293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2020.287075.1293","url":null,"abstract":"The present article investigates the implementation of non-minimal state space (NMSS) representation with proportional-integral-plus (PIP) controller for the carbon dioxide absorption process of Shiraz petrochemical ammonia unit. The PIP controller is a logical extension of conventional PI/PID controllers with additional dynamic feedback and input compensators. PIP controller is used for multivariable control without limitation on the number of controlled variables. A Multi Input - Multi Output (MIMO) square model was extracted from step response test. In this way, input water flow rate to carbon dioxide absorption system, the heat duty of input absorbent cooler to tray (1) of absorption tower and re-boiler heat duty of stripping tower are chosen as manipulated variables (inputs), while carbon dioxide mole fraction in absorption tower vapor product, the water mole fraction in absorption tower liquid product and tray temperature No. 36 of stripping tower are determined as controlled ones (outputs). The system identification is performed with three input and three output variables using step response test. As a result, continuous and discrete time transfer function matrices and suitable NMSS model for PIP controller are reported. Finally, in order to evaluate the PIP control performance, the feed flow rate increases by 2%. The results show the proper performance of designed PIP controller for both disturbance rejection and set point tracking.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88932528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：