Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2021.314719.1341
Mohammad Naveshki, Ali Naghiei, Pezhman Soltani Tehrani, Mehdi Ahmadi Alvar, Hamzeh Ghorbani, N. Mohamadian, J. Moghadasi
Determining BPP is one of the critical parameters for the development of oil and gas reservoirs and have this parameter requires a lot of time and money. As a result, this study aims to develop a new predictive model for BPP that uses some available input variables such as solution oil ratio (Rs), gas specific gravity (γg), API Gravity (API). In this study, two innovatively combined hybrid algorithms, DWKNN-GSA and DWKNN-ICA, are developed to predict BPP. The outcomes of the study show the models developed are capable of predicting BPP with promising performance, where the best result was achieved for DWKNN-ICA (RMSE = 0.90276 psi and R2 = 1.000 for the test dataset). Moreover, the performance comparison of the developed hybrid models with some previously developed models revealed that the DWKNN-ICA outperforms the former empirical models with respect to perdition accuracy. In addition to presenting new techniques in the present study, the effect of each of the input parameters on BPP was evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient, where the API and Rs have the lowest and the highest impact on the BPP.
{"title":"Prediction of Bubble Point Pressure Using New Hybrid Computationail Intelligence Models","authors":"Mohammad Naveshki, Ali Naghiei, Pezhman Soltani Tehrani, Mehdi Ahmadi Alvar, Hamzeh Ghorbani, N. Mohamadian, J. Moghadasi","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2021.314719.1341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2021.314719.1341","url":null,"abstract":"Determining BPP is one of the critical parameters for the development of oil and gas reservoirs and have this parameter requires a lot of time and money. As a result, this study aims to develop a new predictive model for BPP that uses some available input variables such as solution oil ratio (Rs), gas specific gravity (γg), API Gravity (API). In this study, two innovatively combined hybrid algorithms, DWKNN-GSA and DWKNN-ICA, are developed to predict BPP. The outcomes of the study show the models developed are capable of predicting BPP with promising performance, where the best result was achieved for DWKNN-ICA (RMSE = 0.90276 psi and R2 = 1.000 for the test dataset). Moreover, the performance comparison of the developed hybrid models with some previously developed models revealed that the DWKNN-ICA outperforms the former empirical models with respect to perdition accuracy. In addition to presenting new techniques in the present study, the effect of each of the input parameters on BPP was evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient, where the API and Rs have the lowest and the highest impact on the BPP.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91363892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2021.318037.1345
M. Ghiass, A. Askarizadeh, Hossien Bouhendi, Gholam Bagheri Marandi, G. Naderi
The efficiency of an antifoam consists of polydimethylsiloxane oil, hydrophobe silica particles, and either Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) as an anionic surfactant, or Octyl phenyl deca ethylene oxide (Triton X-100) as nonionic surfactant for use in aqueous system is investigated. The performance of different combinations of oil, silica particles, and surfactant in control of foam height was determined using Bickerman Shaking test. The effect of surfactant in reducing the surface tension was determined using Wilhelmy test. The sizes of dispersed oil droplets and silica particles were determined using both optical and electronic microscopy. It was found that increasing the silica content of the antifoam mixture and using sharp-edged particles increase the performance of antifoam and decrease the foam disappearance time. This Observation was the same for both cases of using anionic and nonionic surfactants. It was also found that, as the inert gas purging rate increases, the time of deactivation decreases to less than a minute; a favorable performance for good quality antifoam.
{"title":"Effects of Hydrophobic Silica on the Performance of Silicone-Based Antifoams","authors":"M. Ghiass, A. Askarizadeh, Hossien Bouhendi, Gholam Bagheri Marandi, G. Naderi","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2021.318037.1345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2021.318037.1345","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of an antifoam consists of polydimethylsiloxane oil, hydrophobe silica particles, and either Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) as an anionic surfactant, or Octyl phenyl deca ethylene oxide (Triton X-100) as nonionic surfactant for use in aqueous system is investigated. The performance of different combinations of oil, silica particles, and surfactant in control of foam height was determined using Bickerman Shaking test. The effect of surfactant in reducing the surface tension was determined using Wilhelmy test. The sizes of dispersed oil droplets and silica particles were determined using both optical and electronic microscopy. It was found that increasing the silica content of the antifoam mixture and using sharp-edged particles increase the performance of antifoam and decrease the foam disappearance time. This Observation was the same for both cases of using anionic and nonionic surfactants. It was also found that, as the inert gas purging rate increases, the time of deactivation decreases to less than a minute; a favorable performance for good quality antifoam.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"59 1","pages":"139-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85844404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2021.314481.1339
B. Mirzayi, A. Nematollahzadeh, M. Rasouli, H. Seyyedbagheri
In this study, a nano-layer polydopamine (PDA) coated superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles (MNPs) was applied to investigate the asphaltene adsorption-desorption behavior using a model solution. In this process, Fourier-transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) spectroscopy of the polydopamine/MNP core/shell (MNP@PDA) before and after asphaltene adsorption was indicated the attachment of asphaltene molecules on the polymeric nano-adsorbent surface. The isotherms and kinetics of the asphaltene adsorption process on the MNP@PDA were studied. The good prediction of asphaltene adsorption by the modified Langmuir model indicated that adsorption occurs on an MNP@PDA surface by multilayer adsorption. Also, within the kinetic models, the double-exponential model can fit the experimental data well. The obtained results revealed that about 90% removal for asphaltene happened within 30 min which can be acceptable. The results of this study showed that natural polymers can be used for surface modification of nanoparticles and use it successfully for asphaltene adsorption from prepared asphaltene-toluene solution.
{"title":"Catecholamine Coated Maghemite Nanoparticles for Asphaltene Adsorption/Desorption Process","authors":"B. Mirzayi, A. Nematollahzadeh, M. Rasouli, H. Seyyedbagheri","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2021.314481.1339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2021.314481.1339","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a nano-layer polydopamine (PDA) coated superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles (MNPs) was applied to investigate the asphaltene adsorption-desorption behavior using a model solution. In this process, Fourier-transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) spectroscopy of the polydopamine/MNP core/shell (MNP@PDA) before and after asphaltene adsorption was indicated the attachment of asphaltene molecules on the polymeric nano-adsorbent surface. The isotherms and kinetics of the asphaltene adsorption process on the MNP@PDA were studied. The good prediction of asphaltene adsorption by the modified Langmuir model indicated that adsorption occurs on an MNP@PDA surface by multilayer adsorption. Also, within the kinetic models, the double-exponential model can fit the experimental data well. The obtained results revealed that about 90% removal for asphaltene happened within 30 min which can be acceptable. The results of this study showed that natural polymers can be used for surface modification of nanoparticles and use it successfully for asphaltene adsorption from prepared asphaltene-toluene solution.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":"177-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84326939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2021.303675.1317
R. Beigzadeh
The ability to approximate the nanofluid properties such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity will greatly assist in the modeling and design of nanofluidic systems. The purpose of this study was to present an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model for estimating the viscosity of Water/Glycerin nanofluid-containing Cu nanoparticles. The model inputs consist of two variables of temperature and volume concentration of nanofluids which have a great influence on the nanofluid viscosity. The experimental data were divided into two categories: training (three-quarters) and testing (a quarter of the data). The grid partition and subtractive clustering approaches were employed to determine the ANFIS configuration. The mean value of the relative error of 5.18% and the root mean square error of 0.0794 were obtained by comparing the target and model output values for the testing data. Proper matching of ANFIS prediction results with the test data set indicates the validity of the model. In addition, an empirical correlation was developed based on the form presented in the literature. The constants of the equation were determined by the genetic algorithm (GA) searching technique. The comparison of the prediction accuracy of the two models showed the complete superiority of the ANFIS.
{"title":"An Intelligent Approach to Predict the Viscosity of Water/Glycerin Containing Cu Nanoparticles: Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Model","authors":"R. Beigzadeh","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2021.303675.1317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2021.303675.1317","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to approximate the nanofluid properties such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity will greatly assist in the modeling and design of nanofluidic systems. The purpose of this study was to present an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model for estimating the viscosity of Water/Glycerin nanofluid-containing Cu nanoparticles. The model inputs consist of two variables of temperature and volume concentration of nanofluids which have a great influence on the nanofluid viscosity. The experimental data were divided into two categories: training (three-quarters) and testing (a quarter of the data). The grid partition and subtractive clustering approaches were employed to determine the ANFIS configuration. The mean value of the relative error of 5.18% and the root mean square error of 0.0794 were obtained by comparing the target and model output values for the testing data. Proper matching of ANFIS prediction results with the test data set indicates the validity of the model. In addition, an empirical correlation was developed based on the form presented in the literature. The constants of the equation were determined by the genetic algorithm (GA) searching technique. The comparison of the prediction accuracy of the two models showed the complete superiority of the ANFIS.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"141 1","pages":"163-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80626294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2020.239139.1206
Ehsan Zangooei, M. R. Talaghat
In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to calculate the conversion and the residence time reaction for plug flow and mixed flow in the fluidized reactors filled with flat plate particles using the shrinking core model. In this modeling, the size of the particles is unchanged during the reaction. Also, the reaction rate is controlled by the gas layer resistance, the ash layer resistance, and the reaction resistance as well as the combination of them. It is also assumed that the gas diffuses from the side, whereas the effect of diffusion in the axial direction is neglected. Equations are solved by numerical methods. This paper's innovation is investigating the combination of resistances effect on the conversion of the reaction. The results for a specific time show that when the reaction rate is controlled by each of the resistances individually, the conversion rate is greater. For example when the reaction is controlled by the ash layer resistance versus when the other two resistance regimes control it. Finally, the effect of the combination of different controlling regimes on the conversion and residence time of reaction for plug flow and mixed flow of particles is studied and it is found that the overall results are similar to each other. In addition, the results that the curves for the gas film layer resistance and the chemical reaction resistance, are the same and correspond to each other. Because the equations of the conversion rate are the same.
{"title":"Conversion of Gas-Solid Reactions of the Flat Plate Particles with Unchanged Size Using the Shrinking Core Model","authors":"Ehsan Zangooei, M. R. Talaghat","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2020.239139.1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2020.239139.1206","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to calculate the conversion and the residence time reaction for plug flow and mixed flow in the fluidized reactors filled with flat plate particles using the shrinking core model. In this modeling, the size of the particles is unchanged during the reaction. Also, the reaction rate is controlled by the gas layer resistance, the ash layer resistance, and the reaction resistance as well as the combination of them. It is also assumed that the gas diffuses from the side, whereas the effect of diffusion in the axial direction is neglected. Equations are solved by numerical methods. This paper's innovation is investigating the combination of resistances effect on the conversion of the reaction. The results for a specific time show that when the reaction rate is controlled by each of the resistances individually, the conversion rate is greater. For example when the reaction is controlled by the ash layer resistance versus when the other two resistance regimes control it. Finally, the effect of the combination of different controlling regimes on the conversion and residence time of reaction for plug flow and mixed flow of particles is studied and it is found that the overall results are similar to each other. In addition, the results that the curves for the gas film layer resistance and the chemical reaction resistance, are the same and correspond to each other. Because the equations of the conversion rate are the same.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"46 1","pages":"33-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75086042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2021.316915.1343
Mohammad Dehdari, G. H. Motlagh, A. Nakhaee
Unwanted production of water in oil and gas reservoirs due to water coning is one of the headaches of the petroleum industry. Despite mechanical methods, some chemicals are also developed to delay or prevent this problem. Polymer gels have been proved to be a reliable and economical solution for water production. In this paper, we present a summary of tests for three different gel systems for a pre-determined reservoir condition. A metallic crosslinker (Chromium(III) Acetate), a polymeric crosslinker (Polyethylenimine), and an organic crosslinker mixture (Hexamethyleneteramine + Hydroquinone) are used for crosslinking HPAM polymer. The tests are performed for different concentrations of polymer and cross-linker. Gel strength and stability of these polymer gels are recorded over six weeks. The apparent viscosity of these gels is recoded and compared. The impact of salinity on gel strength and stability is also investigated. The results show that for the determined reservoir conditions HPAM-Chromium(III) Acetate and HPAM-Hexamethyleneteramine-Hydroquinone gels could form a stable and rigid barrier against water.
{"title":"The Comparison of Three Metallic, Organic, and Polymeric Crosslinked HPAM Gels for Water Conformance Applications","authors":"Mohammad Dehdari, G. H. Motlagh, A. Nakhaee","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2021.316915.1343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2021.316915.1343","url":null,"abstract":"Unwanted production of water in oil and gas reservoirs due to water coning is one of the headaches of the petroleum industry. Despite mechanical methods, some chemicals are also developed to delay or prevent this problem. Polymer gels have been proved to be a reliable and economical solution for water production. In this paper, we present a summary of tests for three different gel systems for a pre-determined reservoir condition. A metallic crosslinker (Chromium(III) Acetate), a polymeric crosslinker (Polyethylenimine), and an organic crosslinker mixture (Hexamethyleneteramine + Hydroquinone) are used for crosslinking HPAM polymer. The tests are performed for different concentrations of polymer and cross-linker. Gel strength and stability of these polymer gels are recorded over six weeks. The apparent viscosity of these gels is recoded and compared. The impact of salinity on gel strength and stability is also investigated. The results show that for the determined reservoir conditions HPAM-Chromium(III) Acetate and HPAM-Hexamethyleneteramine-Hydroquinone gels could form a stable and rigid barrier against water.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"100 1","pages":"151-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76990272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2020.305791.1320
Mohd Bilal Khan, S. Anwar
Despite the considerable progress in the safe and effective use of renewable energy, oil is still the world's first choice as an energy source. Meanwhile, after the traditional oil recovery methods, a large quantity of crude oil remains deposited in the oil well. The chemical enhances oil recovery method implies the injection of surfactants to increase oil recovery. The basic principle of surfactant flooding is to decrease the imbalance tension force to increase the mobility ratio of oil. In this study, extensive lab work has been done to identify the synergic effect of surfactant, alkali, and salt on acidic crude oil. The design expert generated the composition of the injection fluid, and the obtained results in terms of viscosity, surface tension, pH, and conductivity are reported in this paper. Also, the optimum point or the concentration combination of surfactant, alkali, and salt generated by the design expert has the maximum effect on the acidic crude oil. A remarkable decline was noticed in the acidic crude and surface tension's viscosity at an optimum point. In contrast, an increase in pH and conductivity of acidic oil was observed. The results reported herein correspond to a significant understanding of the interaction of surfactant-alkali and salt solution with acidic crude and change in the crude oil properties.
{"title":"Optimization Technique for the Evaluation of Physiochemical Properties of Cationic Surfactant in Presence of Alkali / Metal Halide Salt and their Effects on Acidic Crude Oil","authors":"Mohd Bilal Khan, S. Anwar","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2020.305791.1320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2020.305791.1320","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the considerable progress in the safe and effective use of renewable energy, oil is still the world's first choice as an energy source. Meanwhile, after the traditional oil recovery methods, a large quantity of crude oil remains deposited in the oil well. The chemical enhances oil recovery method implies the injection of surfactants to increase oil recovery. The basic principle of surfactant flooding is to decrease the imbalance tension force to increase the mobility ratio of oil. In this study, extensive lab work has been done to identify the synergic effect of surfactant, alkali, and salt on acidic crude oil. The design expert generated the composition of the injection fluid, and the obtained results in terms of viscosity, surface tension, pH, and conductivity are reported in this paper. Also, the optimum point or the concentration combination of surfactant, alkali, and salt generated by the design expert has the maximum effect on the acidic crude oil. A remarkable decline was noticed in the acidic crude and surface tension's viscosity at an optimum point. In contrast, an increase in pH and conductivity of acidic oil was observed. The results reported herein correspond to a significant understanding of the interaction of surfactant-alkali and salt solution with acidic crude and change in the crude oil properties.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"11-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90595051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22059/JCHPE.2020.282070.1279
Abdul Usman, A. Uzairu, S. Uba, Gideon Adamu Shallangwa
A quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) in-silico study was performed to develop a mathematical model that correlates 2D and 3D descriptors of 37 antioxidant lubricant additives (compounds) with their properties. A molecular dynamics simulation study was also carried out to access these additives' binding strength on diamond-like carbon (DLC) and steel crystal surfaces. Five novel antioxidant lubricant additives were designed from the information derived from the QSPR mathematical model’s high coefficient molecular descriptors. All the novel lubricant additive’s antioxidant properties were found to be better than our previous study, with the lubricant additive (Z)-3-(4-(5-amino-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-phenyl-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one found to possessed excellent antioxidant properties of 0.850281 total acid values (T.A.V 0.1g/L) than its co-additives. Moreover, all the designed additives dynamically bind to steel crystal surfaces excellently from our dynamic simulation study than the DLC crystal surface. The molecular dynamics simulation results were found to be better than the one reported by our previous study. This investigation will help synthesize novel and excellent antioxidant lubricant additives that will hinder the base oil from undergoing a complete oxidation cycle and meet environmental requirements as these novel additives do not contain Zinc and Phosphorus, which often rendered exhaust pipes catalytic converter inactive, thereby increasing environmental pollution.
{"title":"Molecular Design and Dynamic Simulations of Some Novel Antioxidant Lubricant Additives","authors":"Abdul Usman, A. Uzairu, S. Uba, Gideon Adamu Shallangwa","doi":"10.22059/JCHPE.2020.282070.1279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2020.282070.1279","url":null,"abstract":"A quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) in-silico study was performed to develop a mathematical model that correlates 2D and 3D descriptors of 37 antioxidant lubricant additives (compounds) with their properties. A molecular dynamics simulation study was also carried out to access these additives' binding strength on diamond-like carbon (DLC) and steel crystal surfaces. Five novel antioxidant lubricant additives were designed from the information derived from the QSPR mathematical model’s high coefficient molecular descriptors. All the novel lubricant additive’s antioxidant properties were found to be better than our previous study, with the lubricant additive (Z)-3-(4-(5-amino-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-phenyl-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one found to possessed excellent antioxidant properties of 0.850281 total acid values (T.A.V 0.1g/L) than its co-additives. Moreover, all the designed additives dynamically bind to steel crystal surfaces excellently from our dynamic simulation study than the DLC crystal surface. The molecular dynamics simulation results were found to be better than the one reported by our previous study. This investigation will help synthesize novel and excellent antioxidant lubricant additives that will hinder the base oil from undergoing a complete oxidation cycle and meet environmental requirements as these novel additives do not contain Zinc and Phosphorus, which often rendered exhaust pipes catalytic converter inactive, thereby increasing environmental pollution.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":"53-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77255854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This effort is related to describe and assess the performance of the Iraqi cement sample planned for oil well-cementing jobs in Iraq. In this paper, major cementing properties which are thickening time, compressive strength, and free water in addition to the rheological properties and filtration of cement slurry underneath definite circumstances are experimentally tested. The consequences point to that the Iraqi cement after special additives encounter the requests of the API standards and can consequently is used in cementing jobs for oil wells. At this research, there is a comparative investigation established on experimental work on the effectiveness of some additives that considered as waste materials which are silica fume, bauxite, and glass powder, and other conventional additives which are: (SCR -100 Retarder, HR-5, FWCA, Hollow Glass Spheres (HGS) and Halad-9) that currently used in our fields on local Iraqi cement and putting foreign cement results as a governor. Chemical analysis for Iraqi cement, imported cement, and waste materials samples was determined using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique and found minor differences in composition between those samples and depending on the results of X-ray, we selecting the appropriate additives to prepare cement slurry samples. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) results show that Iraqi Cement has a low value of silica which is about 18.63% while Omani cement about 37.58%. This research examined the potential of micro silica, bauxite, and waste glass powder to produce sustainable cement slurry. The results showed that adding micro silica and bauxite enhances the performance of Iraqi cement but also leads to a slight decrease in thickening time. To avoid this problem, Superplasticizer is used to make the process of cement pumping more easily, in other words, increase thickening time and increase compressive strength. Furthermore, adding glass powder increase the value of compressive strength. Both additives (waste and conventional) are used for the slurry design for achieving better slurry properties, but waste additives increase and enhance Iraqi cement performance than conventional additives, in other words, making it more effective than commercial cement. Depending on the results of the compressive strength test, the optimal concentration of the waste materials used in this research was found, and then the optimal concentration was used to prepare cement samples. The results showed that the use of waste materials to prepare cement slurry is a promising way to improve the efficiency of cement work and to reduce the negative environmental impact resulting from the industry. The results of the program CemCADE proved to be the sample A and C showed good performance through high cement bonding and ideal distribution of fluids designed to accomplish the cementing process.
{"title":"An Experimental Assessment of Iraqi Local Cement and Cement Slurry Design for Iraqi Oil Wells Using Cemcade","authors":"A. Assi, Faleh H.M. Almehdawi","doi":"10.31699/IJCPE.2021.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2021.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This effort is related to describe and assess the performance of the Iraqi cement sample planned for oil well-cementing jobs in Iraq. In this paper, major cementing properties which are thickening time, compressive strength, and free water in addition to the rheological properties and filtration of cement slurry underneath definite circumstances are experimentally tested. The consequences point to that the Iraqi cement after special additives encounter the requests of the API standards and can consequently is used in cementing jobs for oil wells. At this research, there is a comparative investigation established on experimental work on the effectiveness of some additives that considered as waste materials which are silica fume, bauxite, and glass powder, and other conventional additives which are: (SCR -100 Retarder, HR-5, FWCA, Hollow Glass Spheres (HGS) and Halad-9) that currently used in our fields on local Iraqi cement and putting foreign cement results as a governor. Chemical analysis for Iraqi cement, imported cement, and waste materials samples was determined using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique and found minor differences in composition between those samples and depending on the results of X-ray, we selecting the appropriate additives to prepare cement slurry samples. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) results show that Iraqi Cement has a low value of silica which is about 18.63% while Omani cement about 37.58%. This research examined the potential of micro silica, bauxite, and waste glass powder to produce sustainable cement slurry. The results showed that adding micro silica and bauxite enhances the performance of Iraqi cement but also leads to a slight decrease in thickening time. To avoid this problem, Superplasticizer is used to make the process of cement pumping more easily, in other words, increase thickening time and increase compressive strength. Furthermore, adding glass powder increase the value of compressive strength. Both additives (waste and conventional) are used for the slurry design for achieving better slurry properties, but waste additives increase and enhance Iraqi cement performance than conventional additives, in other words, making it more effective than commercial cement. Depending on the results of the compressive strength test, the optimal concentration of the waste materials used in this research was found, and then the optimal concentration was used to prepare cement samples. The results showed that the use of waste materials to prepare cement slurry is a promising way to improve the efficiency of cement work and to reduce the negative environmental impact resulting from the industry. The results of the program CemCADE proved to be the sample A and C showed good performance through high cement bonding and ideal distribution of fluids designed to accomplish the cementing process.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"60 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82342270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research paper, two techniques were used to treat the drill cuttings resulting from the oil-based drilling fluid. The drill cuttings were taken from the southern Rumaila fields which prepared for testing and fixed with 100 gm per sample and contaminated with two types of crude oil, one from Rumaila oilfields with Sp.gr of 0.882 and the other from the eastern Baghdad oilfield with Sp.gr of 0.924 besides contamination levels of 10% and 15% w/w in mass . Samples were treated first with microwave with a power applied of 540 & 180 watts as well as a time of 50 minutes. It was found that the results reached below 1% w/w in mass, except for two samples they reached below 1.5% w/w in mass . Then, the sample of 1.41% w/w in mass, which has the highest contamination level after microwave treatment, was treated on three groups of earthworms. After the appropriate conditions, samples were prepared for treating by earthworms and for an incubation period of 21 days, the results highlighted the effectiveness of the succession process by reaching concentrations below 0.92%, 0.65%, and 0.42% w/w in mass.
{"title":"Treating Drill Cuttings Waste with Oil Contamination by Microwave Treatment then by Earthworms Technique","authors":"Ahmed Ameen Khdair, Ayad A. Alhaleem","doi":"10.31699/IJCPE.2021.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/IJCPE.2021.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"In this research paper, two techniques were used to treat the drill cuttings resulting from the oil-based drilling fluid. The drill cuttings were taken from the southern Rumaila fields which prepared for testing and fixed with 100 gm per sample and contaminated with two types of crude oil, one from Rumaila oilfields with Sp.gr of 0.882 and the other from the eastern Baghdad oilfield with Sp.gr of 0.924 besides contamination levels of 10% and 15% w/w in mass . Samples were treated first with microwave with a power applied of 540 & 180 watts as well as a time of 50 minutes. It was found that the results reached below 1% w/w in mass, except for two samples they reached below 1.5% w/w in mass . Then, the sample of 1.41% w/w in mass, which has the highest contamination level after microwave treatment, was treated on three groups of earthworms. After the appropriate conditions, samples were prepared for treating by earthworms and for an incubation period of 21 days, the results highlighted the effectiveness of the succession process by reaching concentrations below 0.92%, 0.65%, and 0.42% w/w in mass.","PeriodicalId":15333,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"127 1 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80020319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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