Pub Date : 2022-06-02DOI: 10.25135/jcm.71.2202.2344
Divya Molleti, A. Pawar
{"title":"Development of RP-HPLC PDA method for concurrent quantification of Baloxavir marboxil and its impurities","authors":"Divya Molleti, A. Pawar","doi":"10.25135/jcm.71.2202.2344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25135/jcm.71.2202.2344","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Metrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43341375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-02DOI: 10.25135/jcm.70.2202.2363
A. Fahim, Abbas Alshirify, Kasim Hassan
{"title":"A highly selective and sensitive spectrofluorometric method for quantification of meropenem in its dosage form and fresh human plasma","authors":"A. Fahim, Abbas Alshirify, Kasim Hassan","doi":"10.25135/jcm.70.2202.2363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25135/jcm.70.2202.2363","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Metrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49437275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-07DOI: 10.25135/jcm.69.2202.2367
H. Parab, Sangita D. Kumar
{"title":"Measurement uncertainty assessment for potentiometric determination of trace anionic impurities in graphite post ultrasonic extraction: A bottom-up approach","authors":"H. Parab, Sangita D. Kumar","doi":"10.25135/jcm.69.2202.2367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25135/jcm.69.2202.2367","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Metrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46997893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.25135/jcm.68.2201.2338
Pallekona Sushma, A. Pawar
{"title":"Identification, separation and mass spectral characterization of degradants in Cariprazine HCl by LC-MS/MS/QTOF","authors":"Pallekona Sushma, A. Pawar","doi":"10.25135/jcm.68.2201.2338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25135/jcm.68.2201.2338","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Metrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48551614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-26DOI: 10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155
I. Gülçin, Hatice Kiziltaş, Zeynebe Bi̇ngöl, A. Gören, S. M. Pinar, S. Alwasel
Astragalus is a perennial plant that has existed for about 2500-3000 years and consists of more than 250 taxonomic parts. Twenty species of Astragalus are endemic to Turkey, as well as the richest genus with 425 taxa. The roots of Astragalus species are used in folk medicine as hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antibacterial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and diuretic. Also, it is used to treat diabetes mellitus, leukemia, nephritis and uterine cancer. It is known that in Anatolia, Astragalus roots are traditionally used against leukemia and wound healing. For the purpose, the measuring of antioxidant activity of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx FISCHER (EEAB), some bioanalytic methods including DPPH and ABTS scavenging effects, ferric ions (Fe) and cupric ions (Cu) reducing abilities, and metal (Fe) chelating activity were realized. α-Tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and BHT were used as the standard antioxidants. On the other hand, some phenolic compounds, which responsible for antioxidant activities of EEAB was determined by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). At the similar concentration, EEAB exhibited efficient antioxidant effects when compared to standard compounds. Additionally, EEAB showed IC50 values of 1.985 μg/mL toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 0.620 μg/mL on α-glycosidase and 0.306 μg/mL against α-amylase enzymes.
{"title":"LC-HRMS profiling of phytochemicals, antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx Fischer","authors":"I. Gülçin, Hatice Kiziltaş, Zeynebe Bi̇ngöl, A. Gören, S. M. Pinar, S. Alwasel","doi":"10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25135/jcm.62.2107.2155","url":null,"abstract":"Astragalus is a perennial plant that has existed for about 2500-3000 years and consists of more than 250 taxonomic parts. Twenty species of Astragalus are endemic to Turkey, as well as the richest genus with 425 taxa. The roots of Astragalus species are used in folk medicine as hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antibacterial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and diuretic. Also, it is used to treat diabetes mellitus, leukemia, nephritis and uterine cancer. It is known that in Anatolia, Astragalus roots are traditionally used against leukemia and wound healing. For the purpose, the measuring of antioxidant activity of evaporated ethanol extract of Astragalus brachycalyx FISCHER (EEAB), some bioanalytic methods including DPPH and ABTS scavenging effects, ferric ions (Fe) and cupric ions (Cu) reducing abilities, and metal (Fe) chelating activity were realized. α-Tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and BHT were used as the standard antioxidants. On the other hand, some phenolic compounds, which responsible for antioxidant activities of EEAB was determined by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). At the similar concentration, EEAB exhibited efficient antioxidant effects when compared to standard compounds. Additionally, EEAB showed IC50 values of 1.985 μg/mL toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 0.620 μg/mL on α-glycosidase and 0.306 μg/mL against α-amylase enzymes.","PeriodicalId":15343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Metrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41930518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-26DOI: 10.25135/jcm.66.2111.2259
S. Charapitsa, S. Sytova, A. Kavalenka, L. Sobolenko, Yauheni Shauchenka, N. Kostyuk, M. Zayats, V. Egorov, S. Leschev, I. Melsitova, Siarhei Vetokhin, N. Zayats
: A quality control material (QCM) for the analysis of volatile compounds in alcoholic beverages was developed. The problems of the development and production of QCM were investigated. The seven water-ethanol solutions, containing 9 volatile compounds (acetaldehyde, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, butan-1-ol and 3-methylbutan-1-ol) with a concentration range from 1.20 to 5000 mg/L of anhydrous ethanol were prepared and studied according to the ISO Guide 80 and ISO Guide 35 in order to prove their stability over 6 months. The algorithm for the assessment of uncertainty associated with the characterization of QCM was developed. The studies were carried out by validated direct gas chromatography (GC) method with flame ionization detection (FID), based on using ethanol as an internal standard. The expanded relative uncertainty of QCM does not exceed 4.5 %.
{"title":"Development of a quality control material for the analysis of volatile compounds in alcoholic beverages","authors":"S. Charapitsa, S. Sytova, A. Kavalenka, L. Sobolenko, Yauheni Shauchenka, N. Kostyuk, M. Zayats, V. Egorov, S. Leschev, I. Melsitova, Siarhei Vetokhin, N. Zayats","doi":"10.25135/jcm.66.2111.2259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25135/jcm.66.2111.2259","url":null,"abstract":": A quality control material (QCM) for the analysis of volatile compounds in alcoholic beverages was developed. The problems of the development and production of QCM were investigated. The seven water-ethanol solutions, containing 9 volatile compounds (acetaldehyde, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, butan-1-ol and 3-methylbutan-1-ol) with a concentration range from 1.20 to 5000 mg/L of anhydrous ethanol were prepared and studied according to the ISO Guide 80 and ISO Guide 35 in order to prove their stability over 6 months. The algorithm for the assessment of uncertainty associated with the characterization of QCM was developed. The studies were carried out by validated direct gas chromatography (GC) method with flame ionization detection (FID), based on using ethanol as an internal standard. The expanded relative uncertainty of QCM does not exceed 4.5 %.","PeriodicalId":15343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Metrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49547412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.25135/jcm.65.2109.2205
Dr Akhil Nagar, Chaitali R Patel, P. Jain, Samadhan J. Shinde, A. Shirkhedkar, Ruchita Bardya
{"title":"SSimultaneous estimation of Pyridoxine HCl and FMOC-Leucine using derivative and chromatographic approach in pharmaceutical dosage form","authors":"Dr Akhil Nagar, Chaitali R Patel, P. Jain, Samadhan J. Shinde, A. Shirkhedkar, Ruchita Bardya","doi":"10.25135/jcm.65.2109.2205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25135/jcm.65.2109.2205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Metrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43738207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-10DOI: 10.25135/jcm.63.2107.2148
H. Moustafa, Ibrahim F. Tahoun, A. Abou‐Kandil, N. Darwish
The growth rate of plastic manufacturing all over the world and in the middle east as oil producing countries increased the rate of thermoplastics production and the needs of reference materials (RMs) for use in performance evaluation of measuring instruments and ensuring validity of measurement results. This article was focused on the preparation of RM based melt mass-flow rate from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) according to ISO 1133-1 standard. The characterization was evaluated from around 10% of prepared units, then the samples were distributed to a network of collaborating laboratories in order to ensure the validity of the RM production process. The value of melt mass-flow rate of LDPE was determined to be 19.51 g/10 min under a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kg with expanded uncertainty 0.38 at 95% confidence level. The obtained values were confirmed from the data reported by the network of collaborating laboratories.
{"title":"Characterization of low-density polyethylene reference material for melt flow rate by collaboration of NIS and a network of competent laboratories","authors":"H. Moustafa, Ibrahim F. Tahoun, A. Abou‐Kandil, N. Darwish","doi":"10.25135/jcm.63.2107.2148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25135/jcm.63.2107.2148","url":null,"abstract":"The growth rate of plastic manufacturing all over the world and in the middle east as oil producing countries increased the rate of thermoplastics production and the needs of reference materials (RMs) for use in performance evaluation of measuring instruments and ensuring validity of measurement results. This article was focused on the preparation of RM based melt mass-flow rate from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) according to ISO 1133-1 standard. The characterization was evaluated from around 10% of prepared units, then the samples were distributed to a network of collaborating laboratories in order to ensure the validity of the RM production process. The value of melt mass-flow rate of LDPE was determined to be 19.51 g/10 min under a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kg with expanded uncertainty 0.38 at 95% confidence level. The obtained values were confirmed from the data reported by the network of collaborating laboratories.","PeriodicalId":15343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Metrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49636082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-09DOI: 10.25135/jcm.64.2108-2174
Avani Chokshi, A. Gajjar, Pooja Bhanushali, Pritesh Desai
Dasatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is approved and prescribed to patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and Philadelphia chromosome. Present work reports development of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of Dasatinib in human plasma and validation of the developed method according to the guidelines provided by European Medicines Agency (EMA). An RP-HPLC method with UV detection and isocratic elution has been developed and validated for analysis of Dasatinib in human plasma over a range of 5-300 ng/mL. Imatinib was used as an internal standard. Both, the drug and the internal standard were separated on the Inertsil C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm×0.005 mm) using Ammonium Acetate buffer pH 6.4 and acetonitrile at a ratio of 65:35 as mobile phase. The flow rate was adjusted to 0.7 mL min-1. The detection was performed at 310 nm wavelength. Sample pre-purification was performed through simple protein precipitation using acetonitrile followed by sample collection through centrifugation. The developed method was linear in the range of 5-300 ng/mL with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.995. The lower limit of quantification for Dasatinib in plasma was 5 ng/mL. The accuracy and precision of the method were well within the acceptable limits of 15% over the linear range. In general, the developed method is efficient and inexpensive. It is very simple from the extraction of drug from the plasma matrix to the isocratic elution of analytes. From the data, it can be concluded that the developed method is selective, precise and accurate and applicable for the determination of Dasatinib in human plasma samples.
达沙替尼是一种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂，被批准用于慢性粒细胞白血病和费城染色体患者。目前的工作报告了用于测定人血浆中达沙替尼的反相高效液相色谱法的开发，并根据欧洲药品管理局（EMA）提供的指南对所开发的方法进行了验证。已经开发并验证了一种具有UV检测和等度洗脱的RP-HPLC方法，用于分析5-300 ng/mL范围内的人血浆中的达沙替尼。伊马替尼被用作内标。药物和内标物均在Inertsil C18柱（150mm×4.6mm×0.005mm）上分离，使用醋酸铵缓冲液pH 6.4和乙腈（比例为65:35）作为流动相。将流速调节至0.7 mL min-1。检测波长为310nm。样品预纯化通过使用乙腈的简单蛋白质沉淀进行，然后通过离心收集样品。所开发的方法在5-300 ng/mL范围内呈线性，相关系数（r）为0.995。达沙替尼在血浆中的定量下限为5 ng/mL。该方法的准确度和精密度在线性范围内均在15%的可接受范围内。总的来说，所开发的方法是有效和廉价的。从血浆基质中提取药物到分析物的等度洗脱非常简单。从数据中可以得出结论，该方法具有选择性、精确性和准确性，适用于人血浆样品中达沙替尼的测定。
{"title":"Quantification of antileukemic drug Dasatinib in human plasma: Application of a sensitive liquid chromatographic method","authors":"Avani Chokshi, A. Gajjar, Pooja Bhanushali, Pritesh Desai","doi":"10.25135/jcm.64.2108-2174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25135/jcm.64.2108-2174","url":null,"abstract":"Dasatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is approved and prescribed to patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and Philadelphia chromosome. Present work reports development of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of Dasatinib in human plasma and validation of the developed method according to the guidelines provided by European Medicines Agency (EMA). An RP-HPLC method with UV detection and isocratic elution has been developed and validated for analysis of Dasatinib in human plasma over a range of 5-300 ng/mL. Imatinib was used as an internal standard. Both, the drug and the internal standard were separated on the Inertsil C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm×0.005 mm) using Ammonium Acetate buffer pH 6.4 and acetonitrile at a ratio of 65:35 as mobile phase. The flow rate was adjusted to 0.7 mL min-1. The detection was performed at 310 nm wavelength. Sample pre-purification was performed through simple protein precipitation using acetonitrile followed by sample collection through centrifugation. The developed method was linear in the range of 5-300 ng/mL with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.995. The lower limit of quantification for Dasatinib in plasma was 5 ng/mL. The accuracy and precision of the method were well within the acceptable limits of 15% over the linear range. In general, the developed method is efficient and inexpensive. It is very simple from the extraction of drug from the plasma matrix to the isocratic elution of analytes. From the data, it can be concluded that the developed method is selective, precise and accurate and applicable for the determination of Dasatinib in human plasma samples.","PeriodicalId":15343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Metrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44559169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.25135/jcm.6012106.2098
Avani Chokshi, R. Prajapati, Pritesh Desai, Mehul D. Patel
A quick and simple reversed-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) with isocratic elution has been developed and validated for the concurrent quantitative determination of chlorthalidone, metoprolol succinate and telmisartan in the bulk mixture and tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was performed using Inertsil Octadecyl-Silica (ODSC18) Column (150mm×4.6mm, 5μm) stationary phase. The separation and elution was carried out using a mobile phase mixture of phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 2.5) and acetonitrile at a ratio of 40:60 v/v and 0.7 mL/min flow rate. Chlorthalidone, metoprolol succinate and telmisartan were eluted at 2.96±0.5 min, 4.31±0.5 min and 5.94±0.5 min respectively. The response was recorded using a photodiode array (PDA) detector at 225 nm wavelength. The selected method was linear in the range of 3.21-18.72 μg/mL, 6.25-37.50 μg/mL and 10-60 μg/mL while percentage recovery was in the range from 99.15 to 99.93%, 99.15 to 99.42% and 100.03 to 100.08% for chlorthalidone, metoprolol succinate and telmisartan respectively. The method was found to be sensitive, selective, linear and reproducible and the results obtained suggest the suitability of the developed method for routine analysis of the formulations containing the combination of these drugs.
{"title":"Development of a quick reverse phase liquid chromatographic method with photodiode-array detection for quantitative determination of chlorthalidone, metoprolol succinate and telmisartan in tablet formulation","authors":"Avani Chokshi, R. Prajapati, Pritesh Desai, Mehul D. Patel","doi":"10.25135/jcm.6012106.2098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25135/jcm.6012106.2098","url":null,"abstract":"A quick and simple reversed-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) with isocratic elution has been developed and validated for the concurrent quantitative determination of chlorthalidone, metoprolol succinate and telmisartan in the bulk mixture and tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was performed using Inertsil Octadecyl-Silica (ODSC18) Column (150mm×4.6mm, 5μm) stationary phase. The separation and elution was carried out using a mobile phase mixture of phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 2.5) and acetonitrile at a ratio of 40:60 v/v and 0.7 mL/min flow rate. Chlorthalidone, metoprolol succinate and telmisartan were eluted at 2.96±0.5 min, 4.31±0.5 min and 5.94±0.5 min respectively. The response was recorded using a photodiode array (PDA) detector at 225 nm wavelength. The selected method was linear in the range of 3.21-18.72 μg/mL, 6.25-37.50 μg/mL and 10-60 μg/mL while percentage recovery was in the range from 99.15 to 99.93%, 99.15 to 99.42% and 100.03 to 100.08% for chlorthalidone, metoprolol succinate and telmisartan respectively. The method was found to be sensitive, selective, linear and reproducible and the results obtained suggest the suitability of the developed method for routine analysis of the formulations containing the combination of these drugs.","PeriodicalId":15343,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Metrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44845319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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