Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.497
A. M. Chahardehi, F. Rakhshandehroo, J. Mozafari, L. Mousavi
Mosaic is presumably the most commonly encountered viral disease in roses. We have developed chemo-thermotherapy for eliminating Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) from rose plants. Chemotherapy and thermotherapy methods were also applied separately and their antiviral effect compared with the chemo-thermotherapy. In this procedure, infected explants were regenerated on MS medium containing ribavirin at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mg/l for 20 and 40 days, followed by a thermotherapy treatment for 30 days at 38 °C for 16 hours and 22 °C for 8 hours per day. The complex of rose viruses (ArMV and PNRSV) were effectively eradicated from regenerated rose plantlets as verified by doubleantibody sandwich enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Thermotherapy alongside with chemotherapy (containing 30 mg/l per one month) during the period of four weeks was the best treatment for plantlet regeneration and virus elimination. The virus elimination efficiency from ArMV, PNRSV and ArMV + PNRSV infected plants were determined as 63.33%, 90.09% and 85.18%, respectively. A detailed procedure for elimination of mixed viruses is described.
{"title":"Efficiency of a chemo-thermotherapy technique for eliminating Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) from in vitro rose plantlets","authors":"A. M. Chahardehi, F. Rakhshandehroo, J. Mozafari, L. Mousavi","doi":"10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.497","url":null,"abstract":"Mosaic is presumably the most commonly encountered viral disease in roses. We have developed chemo-thermotherapy for eliminating Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) from rose plants. Chemotherapy and thermotherapy methods were also applied separately and their antiviral effect compared with the chemo-thermotherapy. In this procedure, infected explants were regenerated on MS medium containing ribavirin at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mg/l for 20 and 40 days, followed by a thermotherapy treatment for 30 days at 38 °C for 16 hours and 22 °C for 8 hours per day. The complex of rose viruses (ArMV and PNRSV) were effectively eradicated from regenerated rose plantlets as verified by doubleantibody sandwich enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Thermotherapy alongside with chemotherapy (containing 30 mg/l per one month) during the period of four weeks was the best treatment for plantlet regeneration and virus elimination. The virus elimination efficiency from ArMV, PNRSV and ArMV + PNRSV infected plants were determined as 63.33%, 90.09% and 85.18%, respectively. A detailed procedure for elimination of mixed viruses is described.","PeriodicalId":15396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Protection","volume":"5 1","pages":"497-506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67685035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.643
Elahe Hesari, S. P. Rad, Morteza Seifalah-zade
During 2010–2011, a faunistic study of the family Syrphidae was carried out in Torbat Heydarie, Roshtkhar and Khaf (Razavi Khorasan province), northeastern Iran. Among the collected specimens, we found two species, Paragus gussakovskii Bańkowska and Platycheirus immarginatus Zetterstedt which are new records for the fauna of Iran.
{"title":"Two new records of the family Syrphidae (Insecta: Diptera) from Iran","authors":"Elahe Hesari, S. P. Rad, Morteza Seifalah-zade","doi":"10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.643","url":null,"abstract":"During 2010–2011, a faunistic study of the family Syrphidae was carried out in Torbat Heydarie, Roshtkhar and Khaf (Razavi Khorasan province), northeastern Iran. Among the collected specimens, we found two species, Paragus gussakovskii Bańkowska and Platycheirus immarginatus Zetterstedt which are new records for the fauna of Iran.","PeriodicalId":15396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Protection","volume":"5 1","pages":"643-648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67685714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-14DOI: 10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.581
S. Hosseini, G. Khodakaramian, M. Salehi, A. Bertaccini
Alfalfa witches’ broom (AWB) is one of the most important alfalfa diseases in Iran. To characterize 16SrII group phytoplasmas associated with this disease, symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were collected during 2013-2015 and subjected to direct and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using P1/P7, R16mF2/R16mR2 and R16F2n/R16R2. PCR amplicons of ~1.8, ~1.4 and ~1.25 kb respectively, were obtained only from all symptomatic plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of R16F2n/R2 amplicons showed that the phytoplasma associated with AWB disease were members of 16SrII group subgroups 16SrII-D and -C. Blast analysis of these amplicon sequences and sequence homology of collected strains and strain sequences retrived from GenBank (AWB strains Chahgeer, Juyom and Bushehr) confirmed that AWB phytoplasmas collected from Bafg, Ardakan, Bahabad and Herat (Yazd province), Nikshahr (Sistan-Baluchestan), Bam, Zarand, Jiroft (Kerman province), Bushehr (Bushehr province), Tabas (South Khorasan province), Jowkar (Hamedan province) and Zardenjan (Esfahan province) cluster with phytoplasma strains enclosed in the 16SrII-D subgroup, while AWB strains from Chahgeer (Yazd province) and Juyom (Fars province) cluster with phytoplasma strains in the 16SrII-C subgroup. Based on these results the predominant strains of 16SrII phytoplasmas associated with AWB disease in Iran were classified in the 16SrII-D subgroup. In Ashkezar and Abarkouh in Yazd province entire alfalfa farm was infected with witches’ broom disease. In 3 year alfalfa stands in Ashkezar alfalfa farms were plowed due to high incidence of the disease.
{"title":"Characterization of 16SrII group phytoplasmas associated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) witches’ broom disease in diverse areas of Iran","authors":"S. Hosseini, G. Khodakaramian, M. Salehi, A. Bertaccini","doi":"10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.581","url":null,"abstract":"Alfalfa witches’ broom (AWB) is one of the most important alfalfa diseases in Iran. To characterize 16SrII group phytoplasmas associated with this disease, symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were collected during 2013-2015 and subjected to direct and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using P1/P7, R16mF2/R16mR2 and R16F2n/R16R2. PCR amplicons of ~1.8, ~1.4 and ~1.25 kb respectively, were obtained only from all symptomatic plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of R16F2n/R2 amplicons showed that the phytoplasma associated with AWB disease were members of 16SrII group subgroups 16SrII-D and -C. Blast analysis of these amplicon sequences and sequence homology of collected strains and strain sequences retrived from GenBank (AWB strains Chahgeer, Juyom and Bushehr) confirmed that AWB phytoplasmas collected from Bafg, Ardakan, Bahabad and Herat (Yazd province), Nikshahr (Sistan-Baluchestan), Bam, Zarand, Jiroft (Kerman province), Bushehr (Bushehr province), Tabas (South Khorasan province), Jowkar (Hamedan province) and Zardenjan (Esfahan province) cluster with phytoplasma strains enclosed in the 16SrII-D subgroup, while AWB strains from Chahgeer (Yazd province) and Juyom (Fars province) cluster with phytoplasma strains in the 16SrII-C subgroup. Based on these results the predominant strains of 16SrII phytoplasmas associated with AWB disease in Iran were classified in the 16SrII-D subgroup. In Ashkezar and Abarkouh in Yazd province entire alfalfa farm was infected with witches’ broom disease. In 3 year alfalfa stands in Ashkezar alfalfa farms were plowed due to high incidence of the disease.","PeriodicalId":15396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Protection","volume":"5 1","pages":"581-590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67685343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-13DOI: 10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.565
M. Esmaeili, R. Heydari
Fifteen species of the genus Ditylenchus were recovered and identified from Kermanshah province, western Iran. Morphological and morphometric characters of three known species namely D. filimus, D. hexaglyphus and D. nanus, being new records for Iran's nematode fauna, are given and discussed. Ditylenchus filimus is characterized by having a short stylet (7-8 µm), four lines in lateral fields, well-developed and valvate median bulb, and the typical female tail ending to a filamentous process. D. hexaglyphus, is characterized by having a short stylet (6.5-8.0 µm), six lines in lateral fields, not developed and non-valvate median bulb, and conoid tail with rounded tip. D. nanus, is characterised by having a short stylet (6-7 µm), six lines in lateral fields, median bulb well-developed and valvate, and tail conoid with finely rounded tip. A dichotomous key for identification of the species occurring in Iran is also provided.
{"title":"New record of three species of Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae), with a key to the species reported from Iran","authors":"M. Esmaeili, R. Heydari","doi":"10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.565","url":null,"abstract":"Fifteen species of the genus Ditylenchus were recovered and identified from Kermanshah province, western Iran. Morphological and morphometric characters of three known species namely D. filimus, D. hexaglyphus and D. nanus, being new records for Iran's nematode fauna, are given and discussed. Ditylenchus filimus is characterized by having a short stylet (7-8 µm), four lines in lateral fields, well-developed and valvate median bulb, and the typical female tail ending to a filamentous process. D. hexaglyphus, is characterized by having a short stylet (6.5-8.0 µm), six lines in lateral fields, not developed and non-valvate median bulb, and conoid tail with rounded tip. D. nanus, is characterised by having a short stylet (6-7 µm), six lines in lateral fields, median bulb well-developed and valvate, and tail conoid with finely rounded tip. A dichotomous key for identification of the species occurring in Iran is also provided.","PeriodicalId":15396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Protection","volume":"5 1","pages":"565-579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67685222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-07DOI: 10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.553
R. Pandey, A. K. Chaturvedi, R. Chaudhary
Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) inflicts considerable damage on eggplant. In the present study farmers’ practice (Regime 1: Repeated use of different insecticides viz., Cypermethrin, Monocrotophos, Chlorpyriphos and Triazophos once or twice at weekly intervals) was compared with two IPM regimes, during 2010-12. The IPM regimes were: 1) Regime 2: weekly shoot clipping of infested twigs at the time of infestation along with installation of pheromone traps at 100/ha (lure was changed at 25 days intervals); and 2) Regime 3: weekly shoot clipping of infested twigs at the time of infestation along with installation of pheromone traps at 100/ha (lure was changed at 25 days interval) and need based application of NSKE at 4% and cartap hydrochloride at 1 g/l. The least fruit damage (20.46%) was observed in regime 3. With this IPM regime, the fruit damage was prevented by 35.01 to 36.18% and 22.87 to 23.33% additional yield was recorded over the regime relied upon only chemical pesticides. An additional income of USD $ 1064.22/ha was also obtained in open pollinated and USD $ 1799.35/ha in hybrid cultivars with a 10 to 11 times reduction of chemical sprayings in the regime 3. The selected regime not only reduced the total cost of crop production but also increased the net return per unit area. The IPM programme (regime 3) that consisted of cultural, mechanical and chemical components was proved to be an ideal management strategy against eggplant shoot and fruit borer along with a benefit: cost ratio of 3.65 to 4.27.
{"title":"Effectiveness of IPM strategies against eggplant shoot and fruit borer Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)","authors":"R. Pandey, A. K. Chaturvedi, R. Chaudhary","doi":"10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.553","url":null,"abstract":"Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) inflicts considerable damage on eggplant. In the present study farmers’ practice (Regime 1: Repeated use of different insecticides viz., Cypermethrin, Monocrotophos, Chlorpyriphos and Triazophos once or twice at weekly intervals) was compared with two IPM regimes, during 2010-12. The IPM regimes were: 1) Regime 2: weekly shoot clipping of infested twigs at the time of infestation along with installation of pheromone traps at 100/ha (lure was changed at 25 days intervals); and 2) Regime 3: weekly shoot clipping of infested twigs at the time of infestation along with installation of pheromone traps at 100/ha (lure was changed at 25 days interval) and need based application of NSKE at 4% and cartap hydrochloride at 1 g/l. The least fruit damage (20.46%) was observed in regime 3. With this IPM regime, the fruit damage was prevented by 35.01 to 36.18% and 22.87 to 23.33% additional yield was recorded over the regime relied upon only chemical pesticides. An additional income of USD $ 1064.22/ha was also obtained in open pollinated and USD $ 1799.35/ha in hybrid cultivars with a 10 to 11 times reduction of chemical sprayings in the regime 3. The selected regime not only reduced the total cost of crop production but also increased the net return per unit area. The IPM programme (regime 3) that consisted of cultural, mechanical and chemical components was proved to be an ideal management strategy against eggplant shoot and fruit borer along with a benefit: cost ratio of 3.65 to 4.27.","PeriodicalId":15396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Protection","volume":"5 1","pages":"553-563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67685115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.541
A. Mbazia, N. O. B. Youssef, M. Kharrat
Botrytis fabae is one of the most important fungal pathogens attacking the leaves and the stem of faba bean Vicia faba L. and causes severe yield losses. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of four chemical inducers (salicylic, citric, ascorbic and oxalic acids) and one fungicide (Carbendazim) against B. fabae in field and glasshouse conditions. Under field conditions for two seasons and glasshouse experiments, plants treated with salicylic acid showed substantial and significant decrease in the disease severity on the leaves and the stem compared with the control and the fungicide. Salicylic acid was highly effective and controlled the disease better than Carbendazim which provided only partial protection. In vitro, the inhibition of fungal growth was investigated and showed that salicylic acid was the best inhibitor of fungal growth (48%) followed by oxalic (39%), ascorbic (33%) and citric (10%) acids 6 days after incubation. An important increase of total phenols was recorded in treatment by salicylic acid in the healthy and infected leaves of faba bean 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after inoculation. These promising results on the control of the main fungal disease damaging faba bean in Tunisia and other regions will have an important impact on faba bean production.
{"title":"Effect of some chemical inducers on chocolate spot disease of faba bean in Tunisia","authors":"A. Mbazia, N. O. B. Youssef, M. Kharrat","doi":"10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.541","url":null,"abstract":"Botrytis fabae is one of the most important fungal pathogens attacking the leaves and the stem of faba bean Vicia faba L. and causes severe yield losses. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of four chemical inducers (salicylic, citric, ascorbic and oxalic acids) and one fungicide (Carbendazim) against B. fabae in field and glasshouse conditions. Under field conditions for two seasons and glasshouse experiments, plants treated with salicylic acid showed substantial and significant decrease in the disease severity on the leaves and the stem compared with the control and the fungicide. Salicylic acid was highly effective and controlled the disease better than Carbendazim which provided only partial protection. In vitro, the inhibition of fungal growth was investigated and showed that salicylic acid was the best inhibitor of fungal growth (48%) followed by oxalic (39%), ascorbic (33%) and citric (10%) acids 6 days after incubation. An important increase of total phenols was recorded in treatment by salicylic acid in the healthy and infected leaves of faba bean 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after inoculation. These promising results on the control of the main fungal disease damaging faba bean in Tunisia and other regions will have an important impact on faba bean production.","PeriodicalId":15396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Protection","volume":"5 1","pages":"541-552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67685438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-02DOI: 10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.519
M. Ahmadi, S. Moharramipour
In order to examine possible integration between irradiation and botanical pesticides, combined effects of essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L. and gamma radiation were determined on mortality of Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Experiments were conducted by pretreatment with essential oil fumigation followed by irradiation and inversely, pretreatment with irradiation followed by essential oil fumigation. The mortality rate was assessed 72 h after last treatment. Integration of gamma radiation and R. officinalis oil enhanced the mortality of C. maculatus compared with control treatments of either irradiation or fumigation alone. Synergistic effects of mortality on 1-2 days old adults of C. maculatus were observed when exposed to combination of gamma radiation and essential oil. It was found that pretreatment with fumigation followed by irradiation was perfectly effective. The study showed that either of the pre- treatments could enhance the susceptibility of the pest to the other treatment. Our findings led to a conclusion that the combination of gamma radiation and R. officinalis oil fumigation has a potential for application in integrated management of C. maculatus.
{"title":"Interaction between essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis and gamma radiation against Callosobruchus maculatus","authors":"M. Ahmadi, S. Moharramipour","doi":"10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.519","url":null,"abstract":"In order to examine possible integration between irradiation and botanical pesticides, combined effects of essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L. and gamma radiation were determined on mortality of Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Experiments were conducted by pretreatment with essential oil fumigation followed by irradiation and inversely, pretreatment with irradiation followed by essential oil fumigation. The mortality rate was assessed 72 h after last treatment. Integration of gamma radiation and R. officinalis oil enhanced the mortality of C. maculatus compared with control treatments of either irradiation or fumigation alone. Synergistic effects of mortality on 1-2 days old adults of C. maculatus were observed when exposed to combination of gamma radiation and essential oil. It was found that pretreatment with fumigation followed by irradiation was perfectly effective. The study showed that either of the pre- treatments could enhance the susceptibility of the pest to the other treatment. Our findings led to a conclusion that the combination of gamma radiation and R. officinalis oil fumigation has a potential for application in integrated management of C. maculatus.","PeriodicalId":15396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Protection","volume":"5 1","pages":"519-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67685245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-01DOI: 10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.529
R. Taghizadeh, N. Mohammadkhani
The aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts from aerial parts of Berberis thunbergii L. and Alhagi maurorum Fisch. were tested against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), for antifeedant activity, which was measured by nutritional indices parameters such as relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and feeding deterrence index (FDI). Treatments were evaluated by the method of flour disc bioassay in the dark, at 27 ± 1 °C and 60 ± 5% RH. Aliquots of 10 μl of several concentrations from each extract (0.25-2.0%) and controls (solvents) were spread evenly on the flour discs. After evaporation of the solvent, 10 adult insects were introduced into each treatment. After 72 h, nutritional indices were calculated. Results indicated that nutritional indices varied significantly as extract concentrations increased. The difference between extracts and treatments was significant (P < 0.05). In this study, A. maurorum decreased RGR, RCR and ECI significantly more than those of B. thunbergii extract. In addition, hydroalcoholic extracts decreased RGR, RCR and ECI significantly more than those of aqueous extracts. Both plant extracts increased FDI as the extract concentrations were increased, showing high feeding deterrence activity against T. castaneum. Generally, antifeedant activity of A. maurorum was greater than that of B. thunbergii and hydroalcoholic extract was more effective than aqueous extract.
{"title":"Feeding deterrency of two medicinal plant extracts on Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)","authors":"R. Taghizadeh, N. Mohammadkhani","doi":"10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.529","url":null,"abstract":"The aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts from aerial parts of Berberis thunbergii L. and Alhagi maurorum Fisch. were tested against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), for antifeedant activity, which was measured by nutritional indices parameters such as relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and feeding deterrence index (FDI). Treatments were evaluated by the method of flour disc bioassay in the dark, at 27 ± 1 °C and 60 ± 5% RH. Aliquots of 10 μl of several concentrations from each extract (0.25-2.0%) and controls (solvents) were spread evenly on the flour discs. After evaporation of the solvent, 10 adult insects were introduced into each treatment. After 72 h, nutritional indices were calculated. Results indicated that nutritional indices varied significantly as extract concentrations increased. The difference between extracts and treatments was significant (P < 0.05). In this study, A. maurorum decreased RGR, RCR and ECI significantly more than those of B. thunbergii extract. In addition, hydroalcoholic extracts decreased RGR, RCR and ECI significantly more than those of aqueous extracts. Both plant extracts increased FDI as the extract concentrations were increased, showing high feeding deterrence activity against T. castaneum. Generally, antifeedant activity of A. maurorum was greater than that of B. thunbergii and hydroalcoholic extract was more effective than aqueous extract.","PeriodicalId":15396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Protection","volume":"5 1","pages":"529-539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67685271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-23DOI: 10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.507
Mahmoud Ahmadi Mansourabad, A. K. Bideh, M. Abdollahi
The effects of some micronutrients (iron, zinc and silicon) and macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) were evaluated on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and plant growth parameters of cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Negin) in two independent trials. Each of iron, zinc and silicon micronutrients was used at 5 mg/kg of soil, as iron sequestrene (Fe-EDDHA), zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and sodium siliconate (Na2O3Si), respectively. Furthermore, nitrogen at 60, 120 and 180 mg/kg, phosphorus at 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg and potassium at 12.5, 25 and 37.5 mg/kg of soil were used as urea, triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate, respectively. At four-leaf stage seedlings, 8000 nematode eggs and juveniles (2 egg and juveniles/gr soil) were added around the roots. After 60-days, data analysis indicated silicon + iron, significantly reduced the number of galls/g of root by 55 and 42% compared to control, in the two experiments, respectively, but none of these treatments resulted in significant positive effects on the growth or yield of the studied cucumber cultivar. When macronutrients were evaluated, results showed that N120P25K25 (120 mg/kg of Nitrogen, 25 mg/kg of phosphorus and 25 mg/kg of potassium) and N120P50K25 (120 mg/kg of nitrogen, 50 mg/kg of phosphorus and 25 mg/kg of potassium) significantly reduced the number of galls by 96 and 81% (experiment 3) and 79 and 70% (experiment 4) when compared with control, respectively. These both treatments also improved cucumber growth parameters such as shoot dry and fresh weights, root fresh weight and fruit yield.
{"title":"Effects of some micronutrients and macronutrients on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Negin)","authors":"Mahmoud Ahmadi Mansourabad, A. K. Bideh, M. Abdollahi","doi":"10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.507","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of some micronutrients (iron, zinc and silicon) and macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) were evaluated on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and plant growth parameters of cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Negin) in two independent trials. Each of iron, zinc and silicon micronutrients was used at 5 mg/kg of soil, as iron sequestrene (Fe-EDDHA), zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and sodium siliconate (Na2O3Si), respectively. Furthermore, nitrogen at 60, 120 and 180 mg/kg, phosphorus at 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg and potassium at 12.5, 25 and 37.5 mg/kg of soil were used as urea, triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate, respectively. At four-leaf stage seedlings, 8000 nematode eggs and juveniles (2 egg and juveniles/gr soil) were added around the roots. After 60-days, data analysis indicated silicon + iron, significantly reduced the number of galls/g of root by 55 and 42% compared to control, in the two experiments, respectively, but none of these treatments resulted in significant positive effects on the growth or yield of the studied cucumber cultivar. When macronutrients were evaluated, results showed that N120P25K25 (120 mg/kg of Nitrogen, 25 mg/kg of phosphorus and 25 mg/kg of potassium) and N120P50K25 (120 mg/kg of nitrogen, 50 mg/kg of phosphorus and 25 mg/kg of potassium) significantly reduced the number of galls by 96 and 81% (experiment 3) and 79 and 70% (experiment 4) when compared with control, respectively. These both treatments also improved cucumber growth parameters such as shoot dry and fresh weights, root fresh weight and fruit yield.","PeriodicalId":15396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Protection","volume":"5 1","pages":"507-517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67685191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-22DOI: 10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.483
A. Hamza, A. Mohamed, A. Derbalah
In this research, the curative action of Fenton reagent (H2O2)/Fe), Fenton like reagent (H2O2)/Fe), Fenton complex (H2O2)/Fe/oxalic acid) and famoxadone + cymoxanil as foliar applications were examined against downy mildew of cucumber caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. and Curtis) under greenhouse conditions during two successive growing seasons. Likewise, the impact of these treatments was also investigated on some biochemical and growth characters of cucumber plants. In addition the toxicity of Fenton solutions were assessed on rats as for biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidney of treated rats with respect to control. Results demonstrated that famoxadone + cymoxanil was the best treatment against downy mildew followed by Fenton like reagent, Fenton reagent and Fenton complex, in both growing seasons. There was marked increase in each biochemical parameter of cucumber plants (chlorophyll, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase) and also in cucumber yield under all treatments compared to untreated control. No noticeable alterations were observed in liver and kidney of rats treated with the tested Fenton solutions compared to control. Fenton solutions could be utilized as efficient and safe means to control downy mildew of cucumber in greenhouse conditions.
{"title":"Fenton as advanced oxidation process for controlling downy mildew of cucumber under greenhouse conditions","authors":"A. Hamza, A. Mohamed, A. Derbalah","doi":"10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/MODARES.JCP.5.4.483","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the curative action of Fenton reagent (H2O2)/Fe), Fenton like reagent (H2O2)/Fe), Fenton complex (H2O2)/Fe/oxalic acid) and famoxadone + cymoxanil as foliar applications were examined against downy mildew of cucumber caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. and Curtis) under greenhouse conditions during two successive growing seasons. Likewise, the impact of these treatments was also investigated on some biochemical and growth characters of cucumber plants. In addition the toxicity of Fenton solutions were assessed on rats as for biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidney of treated rats with respect to control. Results demonstrated that famoxadone + cymoxanil was the best treatment against downy mildew followed by Fenton like reagent, Fenton reagent and Fenton complex, in both growing seasons. There was marked increase in each biochemical parameter of cucumber plants (chlorophyll, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase) and also in cucumber yield under all treatments compared to untreated control. No noticeable alterations were observed in liver and kidney of rats treated with the tested Fenton solutions compared to control. Fenton solutions could be utilized as efficient and safe means to control downy mildew of cucumber in greenhouse conditions.","PeriodicalId":15396,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Protection","volume":"16 1","pages":"483-496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67685408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：