Marco Dederichs, Oliver Lackner, Harald Kuepper, Mike Decker, Stephanie Viebranz, Christoph-Ludwig Hennig, Arndt Guentsch, Christine Kuepper
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is considered one of the most innovative prosthetic materials of the last few decades. Its chemically inert behavior and high biocompatibility make it a promising material in many areas of dentistry. The aim of this study was to test whether PEEK with different TiO2 filler contents achieves comparable bond strength values when using different resin cements. N = 70 PEEK samples each with different TiO2 filler content (20 wt.% TiO2 vs. 5 wt.% TiO2 vs. no filler as a control group) were divided into seven groups and cemented with various conventional (ResiCem, RelyX Ultimate, Variolink Esthetic DC) and self-adhesive resin cements (RelyXUnicem 2, Bifix SE, Panavia SA Cement Plus, SpeedCem). The shear strength of the bond was assessed after 24 h and after 25,000 thermal loading cycles. Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis (significance level: α = 0.05). PEEK without filler showed the highest mean shear strength (24.26 MPa using RelyX Ultimate), then high-filled PEEK (22.90 MPa using ResiCem) and low-filled PEEK (21.76 MPa using RelyX Ultimate). Conventional resin cements generally achieved slightly higher adhesive strengths than self-adhesive resin cements. It appears that the filler content does not affects the adhesive bond strengths.
{"title":"An Explorative Evaluation on the Influence of Filler Content of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) on Adhesive Bond to Different Luting Resin Cements","authors":"Marco Dederichs, Oliver Lackner, Harald Kuepper, Mike Decker, Stephanie Viebranz, Christoph-Ludwig Hennig, Arndt Guentsch, Christine Kuepper","doi":"10.3390/jcs7110456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7110456","url":null,"abstract":"Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is considered one of the most innovative prosthetic materials of the last few decades. Its chemically inert behavior and high biocompatibility make it a promising material in many areas of dentistry. The aim of this study was to test whether PEEK with different TiO2 filler contents achieves comparable bond strength values when using different resin cements. N = 70 PEEK samples each with different TiO2 filler content (20 wt.% TiO2 vs. 5 wt.% TiO2 vs. no filler as a control group) were divided into seven groups and cemented with various conventional (ResiCem, RelyX Ultimate, Variolink Esthetic DC) and self-adhesive resin cements (RelyXUnicem 2, Bifix SE, Panavia SA Cement Plus, SpeedCem). The shear strength of the bond was assessed after 24 h and after 25,000 thermal loading cycles. Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis (significance level: α = 0.05). PEEK without filler showed the highest mean shear strength (24.26 MPa using RelyX Ultimate), then high-filled PEEK (22.90 MPa using ResiCem) and low-filled PEEK (21.76 MPa using RelyX Ultimate). Conventional resin cements generally achieved slightly higher adhesive strengths than self-adhesive resin cements. It appears that the filler content does not affects the adhesive bond strengths.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"20 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135935299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kon-Bae Lee, Kanhu C. Nayak, Cheol-Hwee Shim, Hye-In Lee, Se-Hoon Kim, Hyun-Joo Choi, Jae-Pyoung Ahn
This study compares the tensile properties of commercial aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) with those of AMCs produced via a nitrogen-induced self-forming process. This process is a newly developed AMCs manufacturing process that takes advantage of the price competitiveness and productivity of large-scale products produced via the liquid process. Additionally, this process has the freedom of choice of the reinforcement phase and the homogeneous dispersibility of the powder process. Compared to commercial monolithic 6061 alloys, 6061 aluminum alloy matrix composites exhibit increased Young’s modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength by 59%, 66%, and 81%, respectively. This study also compares the tensile properties of AMCs with different matrix compositions, including 2009 and 7050 aluminum alloys. The study shows that AMCs produced using the nitride-induced self-forming aluminum composite (NISFAC) process exhibit comparable or superior tensile properties to those obtained using existing commercial powder metallurgy (P/M) processes.
{"title":"Tensile Properties of Aluminum Matrix Composites Produced via a Nitrogen-Induced Self-Forming Process","authors":"Kon-Bae Lee, Kanhu C. Nayak, Cheol-Hwee Shim, Hye-In Lee, Se-Hoon Kim, Hyun-Joo Choi, Jae-Pyoung Ahn","doi":"10.3390/jcs7110457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7110457","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares the tensile properties of commercial aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) with those of AMCs produced via a nitrogen-induced self-forming process. This process is a newly developed AMCs manufacturing process that takes advantage of the price competitiveness and productivity of large-scale products produced via the liquid process. Additionally, this process has the freedom of choice of the reinforcement phase and the homogeneous dispersibility of the powder process. Compared to commercial monolithic 6061 alloys, 6061 aluminum alloy matrix composites exhibit increased Young’s modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength by 59%, 66%, and 81%, respectively. This study also compares the tensile properties of AMCs with different matrix compositions, including 2009 and 7050 aluminum alloys. The study shows that AMCs produced using the nitride-induced self-forming aluminum composite (NISFAC) process exhibit comparable or superior tensile properties to those obtained using existing commercial powder metallurgy (P/M) processes.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"5 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigates the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using a leaf extract of Anoectochilus elatus (Ae-AgNPs). The synthesised Ae-AgNPs were characterised using different analytical techniques like UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Additionally, in vitro activities were investigated, and they possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial properties. The UV-Vis spectra exhibited characteristic absorption peaks at approximately 480 nm. FTIR identified functional groups of the Ae-AgNPs. The crystalline structure of the Ae-AgNPs was verified via XRD analysis. SEM studies revealed that the nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphology. The fabrication of Ae-AgNPs was established by the EDX spectrum, which exhibited prominent signals of silver atoms. The Ae-AgNPs show potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activity compared to standard drugs. In addition, Ae-AgNPs demonstrated the most significant zone of Inhibition. This study affirms the superior biological capability of Ae-AgNPs for target drug delivery and their potential for usage in biomedical research and therapeutics.
{"title":"Green Synthesised Silver Nanoparticles Using Anoectochilus elatus Leaf Extract: Characterisation and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antidiabetic, and Antimicrobial Activities","authors":"Bhuvaneshwari Venkataesan Kumari, Renuka Mani, Balakrishnan Ramajayam Asokan, Karthikeyan Balakrishnan, Arulmani Ramasamy, Rengasamy Parthasarathi, Chitra Kandasamy, Rubalakshmi Govindaraj, Natesan Vijayakumar, Sekar Vijayakumar","doi":"10.3390/jcs7110453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7110453","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using a leaf extract of Anoectochilus elatus (Ae-AgNPs). The synthesised Ae-AgNPs were characterised using different analytical techniques like UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Additionally, in vitro activities were investigated, and they possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial properties. The UV-Vis spectra exhibited characteristic absorption peaks at approximately 480 nm. FTIR identified functional groups of the Ae-AgNPs. The crystalline structure of the Ae-AgNPs was verified via XRD analysis. SEM studies revealed that the nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphology. The fabrication of Ae-AgNPs was established by the EDX spectrum, which exhibited prominent signals of silver atoms. The Ae-AgNPs show potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activity compared to standard drugs. In addition, Ae-AgNPs demonstrated the most significant zone of Inhibition. This study affirms the superior biological capability of Ae-AgNPs for target drug delivery and their potential for usage in biomedical research and therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"54 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135221358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesús Daniel Aragón-Vallejo, Beatriz Adriana Salazar-Cruz, María Yolanda Chávez-Cinco, José Luis Rivera-Armenta, Ana Cecilia Espindola-Flores
Sargassum is a type of marine algae that has caused environmental problems in Mexico because it arrives in high quantities along the Mexican coast, especially in the Mexican Caribbean. This situation has become an environmental and economic problem, impacting tourism and other activities. As a result, it is reasonable to try to find an application for these algae. Recently, some applications in civil construction, cosmetics, and the food industry, among others, have been reported. The present work evaluates the thermal and structural properties of new polypropylene (PP)–Sargassum-based composites. Also, the effect of adding calcium stearate (CS) to increase the interaction between PP and Sargassum particles was investigated. PP–Sargassum particle composites were prepared by a melt mixing process, and the properties of these composites were evaluated using thermal techniques such as dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The DMA results showed that composites with low concentrations of Sargassum particles perform better than those with higher concentrations. When CS was added to composites, there was a significant improvement in storage modulus compared with composites without CS. This was attributed to the good adhesion of the particles to the matrix because the mobility of macromolecules increased in the presence of CS. The thermal stability of PP–Sargassum particle composites decreases when the amount of particles increases, and the addition of CS does not positively affect the thermal behavior of composites. The findings open the possibility of using Sargassum particles in new applications of these algae as a polymer additive to generate sustainable materials.
{"title":"Novel PolyPropylene–Sargassum Particles Composites: Evaluation of Thermal and Thermomechanical Properties","authors":"Jesús Daniel Aragón-Vallejo, Beatriz Adriana Salazar-Cruz, María Yolanda Chávez-Cinco, José Luis Rivera-Armenta, Ana Cecilia Espindola-Flores","doi":"10.3390/jcs7110455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7110455","url":null,"abstract":"Sargassum is a type of marine algae that has caused environmental problems in Mexico because it arrives in high quantities along the Mexican coast, especially in the Mexican Caribbean. This situation has become an environmental and economic problem, impacting tourism and other activities. As a result, it is reasonable to try to find an application for these algae. Recently, some applications in civil construction, cosmetics, and the food industry, among others, have been reported. The present work evaluates the thermal and structural properties of new polypropylene (PP)–Sargassum-based composites. Also, the effect of adding calcium stearate (CS) to increase the interaction between PP and Sargassum particles was investigated. PP–Sargassum particle composites were prepared by a melt mixing process, and the properties of these composites were evaluated using thermal techniques such as dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The DMA results showed that composites with low concentrations of Sargassum particles perform better than those with higher concentrations. When CS was added to composites, there was a significant improvement in storage modulus compared with composites without CS. This was attributed to the good adhesion of the particles to the matrix because the mobility of macromolecules increased in the presence of CS. The thermal stability of PP–Sargassum particle composites decreases when the amount of particles increases, and the addition of CS does not positively affect the thermal behavior of composites. The findings open the possibility of using Sargassum particles in new applications of these algae as a polymer additive to generate sustainable materials.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"14 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135326128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrey A. Belmesov, Alexander A. Glukhov, Maxim V. Tsvetkov, Lyubov V. Shmygleva, Timofey A. Shikhov, Aleksey O. Lembikov, Anton A. Belov, Nikita P. Ivanov, Oleg O. Shichalin
The work is devoted to the study of the influence of synthesis conditions on the properties of water-insoluble rubidium salts of phosphotungstic acid (PTA). Such heteropoly compounds have a wide range of applications, including in the field of electrocatalysts and solid electrolytes for various electrochemical devices. The acid salts of PTA with high activity of acid sites on the particle surface are of particular interest. It is known that the properties of water-insoluble PTA salts strongly depend on synthesis conditions, such as the ratio of reagents, temperature, concentrations, and other parameters. The work examines the influence of the ratio and concentration of reagents on the sizes of crystallites and agglomerates, specific surface area (SSA), porosity, water content, and ionic conductivity of the synthesized PTA salts. The SSA value of the obtained samples varied in the range of 84–123 m2 g−1, and the ionic conductivity was 13–90 mS cm−1 at room temperature and 75% RH. An increase in the acid concentration and the degree of proton substitution led to an increase in SSA, accompanied by an increase in particle sizes without changing the size of crystallites. The results of the work may be useful for the development of new materials based on the obtained salts in many fields, including hydrogen energy.
研究了磷钨酸(PTA)水不溶性铷盐的合成条件对其性质的影响。这类杂多化合物具有广泛的应用，包括电催化剂和各种电化学器件的固体电解质领域。在颗粒表面具有高活性酸位的PTA酸盐是特别感兴趣的。众所周知，不溶于水的PTA盐的性质很大程度上取决于合成条件，如试剂的比例、温度、浓度和其他参数。这项工作考察了试剂的比例和浓度对合成的PTA盐的结晶和团聚体大小、比表面积(SSA)、孔隙率、含水量和离子电导率的影响。所得样品的SSA值在84 ~ 123 m2 g−1之间变化，室温75% RH下离子电导率为13 ~ 90 mS cm−1。酸浓度和质子取代度的增加导致SSA增加，同时晶粒尺寸增大，但晶粒尺寸不变。这一研究结果将有助于在包括氢能在内的许多领域开发基于所得盐的新材料。
{"title":"Synthesis and Properties of Rubidium Salts of Phosphotungstic Acid","authors":"Andrey A. Belmesov, Alexander A. Glukhov, Maxim V. Tsvetkov, Lyubov V. Shmygleva, Timofey A. Shikhov, Aleksey O. Lembikov, Anton A. Belov, Nikita P. Ivanov, Oleg O. Shichalin","doi":"10.3390/jcs7110454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7110454","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the study of the influence of synthesis conditions on the properties of water-insoluble rubidium salts of phosphotungstic acid (PTA). Such heteropoly compounds have a wide range of applications, including in the field of electrocatalysts and solid electrolytes for various electrochemical devices. The acid salts of PTA with high activity of acid sites on the particle surface are of particular interest. It is known that the properties of water-insoluble PTA salts strongly depend on synthesis conditions, such as the ratio of reagents, temperature, concentrations, and other parameters. The work examines the influence of the ratio and concentration of reagents on the sizes of crystallites and agglomerates, specific surface area (SSA), porosity, water content, and ionic conductivity of the synthesized PTA salts. The SSA value of the obtained samples varied in the range of 84–123 m2 g−1, and the ionic conductivity was 13–90 mS cm−1 at room temperature and 75% RH. An increase in the acid concentration and the degree of proton substitution led to an increase in SSA, accompanied by an increase in particle sizes without changing the size of crystallites. The results of the work may be useful for the development of new materials based on the obtained salts in many fields, including hydrogen energy.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"27 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135325544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azamat Taurbekov, Alisher Abdisattar, Meiram Atamanov, Bayan Kaidar, Mukhtar Yeleuov, Reza Joia, Rachid Amrousse, Tolganay Atamanova
In this study, we present another approach to fabricating high-performance supercapacitor electrodes by combining activated carbon particles with carbon nanotubes (AC/CNT). We synthesized activated carbon from diverse biomass sources using a carbonization process and chemical activation with KOH. By incorporating carbon nanotubes, we significantly augmented the electrode’s surface area, resulting in exceptional ion transport and a substantial increase in specific capacitance. Our investigation reveals that the optimized composition, 85:10:5 of AC, CNT, and conductive additive, achieved outstanding specific capacitance values, notably 125.6 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1 and 118 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, along with a maximum energy density of 4 Wh kg−1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) further demonstrated the superior charge transfer capabilities of these electrodes, notably at a frequency range from 100 kHz to 10 mHz. Additionally, our research highlights the influence of different biomass precursors, such as apricot kernels, walnut shells, and rice husks, on the electrochemical behavior of these electrodes. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the development of high-performance supercapacitors, emphasizing the potential of diverse biomass sources in optimizing electrode materials.
在这项研究中，我们提出了另一种通过将活性炭颗粒与碳纳米管(AC/CNT)结合来制造高性能超级电容器电极的方法。采用炭化工艺和KOH化学活化法制备了多种生物质原料的活性炭。通过加入碳纳米管，我们显著增加了电极的表面积，导致异常的离子传输和比电容的大幅增加。我们的研究表明，优化后的AC, CNT和导电添加剂的85:10:5组合获得了出色的比电容值，特别是在1 mV s−1下125.6 F g−1和1 A g−1下118 F g−1，以及最大能量密度为4 Wh kg−1。电化学阻抗谱(EIS)进一步证明了这些电极优越的电荷转移能力，特别是在100 kHz至10 mHz的频率范围内。此外，我们的研究强调了不同的生物质前体，如杏仁、核桃壳和稻壳，对这些电极的电化学行为的影响。总的来说，这项研究为高性能超级电容器的发展提供了有价值的见解，强调了不同生物质来源在优化电极材料方面的潜力。
{"title":"Investigations of Activated Carbon from Different Natural Sources for Preparation of Binder-Free Few-Walled CNTs/Activated Carbon Electrodes","authors":"Azamat Taurbekov, Alisher Abdisattar, Meiram Atamanov, Bayan Kaidar, Mukhtar Yeleuov, Reza Joia, Rachid Amrousse, Tolganay Atamanova","doi":"10.3390/jcs7110452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7110452","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we present another approach to fabricating high-performance supercapacitor electrodes by combining activated carbon particles with carbon nanotubes (AC/CNT). We synthesized activated carbon from diverse biomass sources using a carbonization process and chemical activation with KOH. By incorporating carbon nanotubes, we significantly augmented the electrode’s surface area, resulting in exceptional ion transport and a substantial increase in specific capacitance. Our investigation reveals that the optimized composition, 85:10:5 of AC, CNT, and conductive additive, achieved outstanding specific capacitance values, notably 125.6 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1 and 118 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, along with a maximum energy density of 4 Wh kg−1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) further demonstrated the superior charge transfer capabilities of these electrodes, notably at a frequency range from 100 kHz to 10 mHz. Additionally, our research highlights the influence of different biomass precursors, such as apricot kernels, walnut shells, and rice husks, on the electrochemical behavior of these electrodes. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the development of high-performance supercapacitors, emphasizing the potential of diverse biomass sources in optimizing electrode materials.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"34 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clara González-Chomón, Vasil M. Garamus, Judith Hoyland, Silvia S. Halacheva
This study focuses on the development of new biocompatible and biodegradable particle gel scaffolds based on PCL-HBPG/1SiHBPG triblock copolymers composed of a polycaprolactone (PCL) core and two outer blocks of trimethoxysilyl end-capped hyperbranched polyglycidol (HBPG/1SiHBPG) that have the potential to be used in soft tissue regeneration. The relationship between the gel’s composition, structure, mechanical properties, and performance has been investigated for the first time and the copolymer design parameters have been optimized. The particle gel scaffolds were formed from the concentrated dispersions of the most hydrophobic PCL-45HBPG/1SiHBPG at low temperatures, and were the result of the numerous hydrogen bonds formed from the HBPG/1SiHBPG moieties as well as the formation of siloxane crosslinks (i.e., Si–O–Si bonds). These gels were formed in the physiological temperature range. Gels with a mechanical strength that gradually increases were formed from the physically crosslinked PCL-45HBPG/1SiHBPG particles effectively and safely, in the absence of UV radiation. They feature high elasticity and undergo enzyme-triggered disassembly. The gels are biocompatible and have the potential to invoke cell attachment and differentiation in the absence of exogenous biological stimuli. A successful outcome of this study will be the prospect of a new approach for tissue regeneration that is currently not available.
{"title":"Trimethoxy Silyl End-Capped Hyperbranched Polyglycidol/Polycaprolactone Particle Gels for Cell Delivery and Tissue Repair: Mechanical Properties, Biocompatibility, and Biodegradability Studies","authors":"Clara González-Chomón, Vasil M. Garamus, Judith Hoyland, Silvia S. Halacheva","doi":"10.3390/jcs7110451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7110451","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the development of new biocompatible and biodegradable particle gel scaffolds based on PCL-HBPG/1SiHBPG triblock copolymers composed of a polycaprolactone (PCL) core and two outer blocks of trimethoxysilyl end-capped hyperbranched polyglycidol (HBPG/1SiHBPG) that have the potential to be used in soft tissue regeneration. The relationship between the gel’s composition, structure, mechanical properties, and performance has been investigated for the first time and the copolymer design parameters have been optimized. The particle gel scaffolds were formed from the concentrated dispersions of the most hydrophobic PCL-45HBPG/1SiHBPG at low temperatures, and were the result of the numerous hydrogen bonds formed from the HBPG/1SiHBPG moieties as well as the formation of siloxane crosslinks (i.e., Si–O–Si bonds). These gels were formed in the physiological temperature range. Gels with a mechanical strength that gradually increases were formed from the physically crosslinked PCL-45HBPG/1SiHBPG particles effectively and safely, in the absence of UV radiation. They feature high elasticity and undergo enzyme-triggered disassembly. The gels are biocompatible and have the potential to invoke cell attachment and differentiation in the absence of exogenous biological stimuli. A successful outcome of this study will be the prospect of a new approach for tissue regeneration that is currently not available.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"34 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soodad A. Muhammed, Aseel Mohammed Al-Khafaji, Haydar H. J. Jamal Al-Deen
Dental implants can be made of various materials, and amongst them, titanium and titanium alloy were the materials of choice for dental implants for many years because of their biocompatibility. The two alloys have a high level of biocompatibility, a lower modulus of elasticity, and better corrosion resistance than other alloys. Thus, they are frequently utilized in biomedical applications and mostly replace stiff fabrics. The latest advances in a new strontium oxide–cp titanium composite alloy are the main topic of this research. With regard to biomedical applications, additions of strontium oxide were synthesized at three distinct weight percentages (2%, 4%, and 6% by wt%). Powder metallurgy was used to create the alloys, which were then sintered by heating the samples. The effects of adding strontium oxide were analyzed by utilizing measurements of the Brinell hardness, X-ray diffraction, porosity, diametral tensile strength, roughness, and wettability of the finished surfaces. The results show that adding more strontium oxide (gradually increasing the ratio from 2% SrO to a 6% addition) raised the roughness and porosity. However, the microhardness and diametral tensile strength were enhanced with an increase in the volume fraction of strontium oxide particles. In conclusion, the alloy that contained 6 wt% strontium oxide microparticles had reasonably high mechanical properties and might be regarded as suitable for use in dental and medical applications due to its high wettability or, in other words, its low contact angle. The Brinell testing results for the diametral tensile strength, microhardness, and porosity of the generated strontium oxide–cp titanium composite alloy demonstrate its high potential for usage as a biomaterial, particularly in dental applications.
{"title":"The Influence of Strontium Oxide on the Physio-Mechanical Properties of Biomedical-Grade Titanium in Ti-SrO Composites","authors":"Soodad A. Muhammed, Aseel Mohammed Al-Khafaji, Haydar H. J. Jamal Al-Deen","doi":"10.3390/jcs7110449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7110449","url":null,"abstract":"Dental implants can be made of various materials, and amongst them, titanium and titanium alloy were the materials of choice for dental implants for many years because of their biocompatibility. The two alloys have a high level of biocompatibility, a lower modulus of elasticity, and better corrosion resistance than other alloys. Thus, they are frequently utilized in biomedical applications and mostly replace stiff fabrics. The latest advances in a new strontium oxide–cp titanium composite alloy are the main topic of this research. With regard to biomedical applications, additions of strontium oxide were synthesized at three distinct weight percentages (2%, 4%, and 6% by wt%). Powder metallurgy was used to create the alloys, which were then sintered by heating the samples. The effects of adding strontium oxide were analyzed by utilizing measurements of the Brinell hardness, X-ray diffraction, porosity, diametral tensile strength, roughness, and wettability of the finished surfaces. The results show that adding more strontium oxide (gradually increasing the ratio from 2% SrO to a 6% addition) raised the roughness and porosity. However, the microhardness and diametral tensile strength were enhanced with an increase in the volume fraction of strontium oxide particles. In conclusion, the alloy that contained 6 wt% strontium oxide microparticles had reasonably high mechanical properties and might be regarded as suitable for use in dental and medical applications due to its high wettability or, in other words, its low contact angle. The Brinell testing results for the diametral tensile strength, microhardness, and porosity of the generated strontium oxide–cp titanium composite alloy demonstrate its high potential for usage as a biomaterial, particularly in dental applications.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136023146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recep Ufuk, Kaan Bilge, Barış Emre Kıral, Murat Ereke, Arif Karabeyoğlu
This study investigates the mode-II delamination performance of filament-wound unidirectional composites with different types of epoxies as their matrix phase under room and cryogenic temperatures. A typical vacuum infusion resin, an aerospace-grade cold-curing resin and crack-resistant toughened resin systems were wet-wound with 12K carbon fiber tows to manufacture the composite samples. Test samples with a (0)16 ply sequence were tested according to ASTM D7905-19. The tested samples were investigated via microscopic analysis to assess the failure mechanisms associated with varying the matrix material and temperature. ENF tests at room temperature were found to be susceptible to the inherent variance in the fiber architectures along with resin-viscosity-driven fiber wetting. Cryogenic conditions induce a shift in the mode-II delamination behavior from a rather complex failure mechanism to a consistent fiber/matrix debonding mode with diminishing GIIc values except for the toughened resin system. The provided comprehensive fractographic analysis enables an understanding of the various causes of fracture, which determines the laminate performance. The combined evaluation of the distinctive damage modes reported in this study provides guidance on the conventional wet-winding process, which still remains a volumetrically dominant and viable option for cryogenic applications, particularly for vessels with limited operational durations like sounding rockets.
{"title":"Fractographic Investigation of Cryogenic Temperature Mode-II Delamination Behavior of Filament Wound CFRP Laminates with Varied Resin Systems","authors":"Recep Ufuk, Kaan Bilge, Barış Emre Kıral, Murat Ereke, Arif Karabeyoğlu","doi":"10.3390/jcs7110450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7110450","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the mode-II delamination performance of filament-wound unidirectional composites with different types of epoxies as their matrix phase under room and cryogenic temperatures. A typical vacuum infusion resin, an aerospace-grade cold-curing resin and crack-resistant toughened resin systems were wet-wound with 12K carbon fiber tows to manufacture the composite samples. Test samples with a (0)16 ply sequence were tested according to ASTM D7905-19. The tested samples were investigated via microscopic analysis to assess the failure mechanisms associated with varying the matrix material and temperature. ENF tests at room temperature were found to be susceptible to the inherent variance in the fiber architectures along with resin-viscosity-driven fiber wetting. Cryogenic conditions induce a shift in the mode-II delamination behavior from a rather complex failure mechanism to a consistent fiber/matrix debonding mode with diminishing GIIc values except for the toughened resin system. The provided comprehensive fractographic analysis enables an understanding of the various causes of fracture, which determines the laminate performance. The combined evaluation of the distinctive damage modes reported in this study provides guidance on the conventional wet-winding process, which still remains a volumetrically dominant and viable option for cryogenic applications, particularly for vessels with limited operational durations like sounding rockets.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"5 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Essam B. Moustafa, Mazen Sharaf, Ghazi Alsoruji, Ahmed O. Mosleh, S. S. Mohamed, Hossameldin Hussein
In the present study, AA7075 and AA2024 aluminum alloys were reinforced with ZrC, and the particles of WC were joined using the friction stir welding (FSW) method. The microstructural and mechanical properties of the welds were investigated using SEM, EDS, and tensile tests. The FSW process resulted in high-quality welds with fine grain structure; the stirred zone has 666% smaller grain size than AA7075 and AA2024 aluminum alloys. The tensile test showed strong and ductile welds. The fracture test showed ductile and less brittle composite joints of AA2024 and AA7075 alloys reinforced with WC and ZrC. The processing parameters in the FSW process significantly affect tensile strength (UTS); therefore, the improvement of UTS with tool speed is much greater than with welding speed. Increasing the tool speed from 400 to 560 rpm increased UTS by 7.1%, and from 560 to 700 rpm by 5.4%. The tensile test results showed that the welds exhibited considerable strength and ductility. Fracture analysis showed that the composite joints made of different AA2024 and AA7075 alloys and reinforced with WC and ZrC were ductile and less brittle. This study showed that FSW can efficiently fuse different aluminum alloys reinforced with ceramic particles.
{"title":"Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of the Dissimilar AA7075 and AA2024 Aluminum Alloys Reinforced with Different Carbide Particles Welded by Friction Stir Welding","authors":"Essam B. Moustafa, Mazen Sharaf, Ghazi Alsoruji, Ahmed O. Mosleh, S. S. Mohamed, Hossameldin Hussein","doi":"10.3390/jcs7110448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7110448","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, AA7075 and AA2024 aluminum alloys were reinforced with ZrC, and the particles of WC were joined using the friction stir welding (FSW) method. The microstructural and mechanical properties of the welds were investigated using SEM, EDS, and tensile tests. The FSW process resulted in high-quality welds with fine grain structure; the stirred zone has 666% smaller grain size than AA7075 and AA2024 aluminum alloys. The tensile test showed strong and ductile welds. The fracture test showed ductile and less brittle composite joints of AA2024 and AA7075 alloys reinforced with WC and ZrC. The processing parameters in the FSW process significantly affect tensile strength (UTS); therefore, the improvement of UTS with tool speed is much greater than with welding speed. Increasing the tool speed from 400 to 560 rpm increased UTS by 7.1%, and from 560 to 700 rpm by 5.4%. The tensile test results showed that the welds exhibited considerable strength and ductility. Fracture analysis showed that the composite joints made of different AA2024 and AA7075 alloys and reinforced with WC and ZrC were ductile and less brittle. This study showed that FSW can efficiently fuse different aluminum alloys reinforced with ceramic particles.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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