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What Does Comparative Policy Analysis Have to Do with the Structure, Institution and Agency Debate? 比较政策分析与结构、制度和机构之争有什么关系?
Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2022.2045867
Caner Bakir
Abstract A growing number of political and policy scientists have utilized institutional theory to explain how the purposeful actions of agents shape and are shaped by structural, institutional, and agential factors. Most current studies, however, have conflated and/or combined the fundamental concepts of structure, institution, and actor, overlooking how their interactions shape policy and institutional outcomes. Furthermore, such research lacks an approach that allows a more comprehensive means to integrate the various dimensions of such interactions. By studying these distinct but interdependent causal factors through an integrative approach, we provide a richer, more comprehensive understanding of contingent conditions, agency, and outcomes.
越来越多的政治和政策科学家利用制度理论来解释主体的有目的行为是如何塑造和被结构、制度和代理因素塑造的。然而,目前的大多数研究都将结构、制度和行动者的基本概念混为一谈,忽视了它们之间的相互作用如何影响政策和制度结果。此外,这种研究缺乏一种方法,允许更全面的手段来整合这种相互作用的各个方面。通过综合方法研究这些不同但相互依存的因果因素,我们对偶然条件、机构和结果提供了更丰富、更全面的理解。
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引用次数: 2
Political Determinants of Social Assistance Policies: A Critical Global Comparative Systematic Literature Review 社会援助政策的政治决定因素:一项重要的全球比较系统文献综述
Pub Date : 2022-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2022.2098721
E. Yörük, M. Kına, Ali Bargu
Abstract Social assistance programs and the related literature are proliferating globally. This article conducts a critical systematic review of the literature with objective and transparent selection criteria and illustrates two major shortcomings: First, the literature is largely descriptive and impact-oriented as analytical studies on the determinants/causes of social assistance programs are relatively under-examined. Second, it identifies a gap in the literature, which emanates from the relative under-examination of political, and especially contentious political, factors in scholarly analyses of determinants/causes of social assistance programs in comparison to structuralist, institutional, and ideational approaches.
社会救助项目和相关文献在全球范围内激增。本文以客观和透明的选择标准对文献进行了批判性的系统回顾,并指出了两个主要缺点:首先,文献在很大程度上是描述性的,以影响为导向,对社会援助计划的决定因素/原因的分析研究相对较少。其次,它确定了文献中的差距,这源于对社会援助计划的决定因素/原因的学术分析中相对较少的政治因素,特别是有争议的政治因素,与结构主义,制度和概念方法相比。
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引用次数: 3
Qualitative Comparative Analysis Using R: A Beginner’s Guide 使用R进行定性比较分析:初学者指南
Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2022.2107904
Priscilla Álamos-Concha
always wants more restrictive immigration while interest groups and immigrant-sending countries always want more liberal immigration policies. While this makes applications of her argument easier to follow, I am not entirely convinced that this approach doesn’t explain away some important considerations. First, although Ellerman does a fine job empirically supporting the premise of a public (and policy-maker) xenophobic orientation, there’s often a conspicuously anodyne treatment of the abjectly white supremacist logics underpinning both status quo policies and public discourse. Throughout each of these cases of immigrant policy, the “ethno-racial undertones” could benefit from more explicit unpacking (Ellerman is best on this within the US case). Moreover, while the international actors and diplomatic pressure play a relatively minor role in the case studies, the assumption that all sending countries see emigration as a “safety valve” (pp. 20, 59–60) seems to foreclose potentially interesting variation in the dynamics between sending and receiving countries. Recognizing the heterogeneity within and between different sending countries over time could open an additional avenue for comparative policy analysis, particularly when thinking about states with robust diaspora engagement policies, including incentivizing citizens to return home. Indeed, perhaps the best marker of Ellerman’s book as a major contribution is for the potential extensions and expansions. This is a comprehensive and comparative theory that can (and should) travel. Indeed, Ellerman concludes with compelling (if brief) extensions of the framework to other migration policies (e.g. asylum, integration) as well as the policymaking process at both subnational and supranational levels. And yet I found myself thinking through so many more possible applications for the policy arenas framework; for example, could the political insulation apply to climate policy, another complex policy issue with competing domestic pressures and international dimensions? How could we adapt or extend the theory beyond the Global North to think through immigration (or other) policies in the Global South, particularly in democracies with sizable immigrant and emigrant populations, but perhaps not the state capacity or economic clout to accommodate all domestic and international pressures? How adaptable is the insulation theory in more authoritarian contexts? This new book, combining a robust and flexible theoretical framework with meticulous case studies, is both a model and a catalyst for cuttingedge comparative policy research. Reviewer: Elizabeth Iams Wellman © 2022 Visiting Assistant Professor Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA; Postdoctoral Research Fellow University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa biw1@williams.edu
总是想要更多的限制移民,而利益集团和移民输出国总是想要更自由的移民政策。虽然这使得她的论点的应用更容易理解,但我并不完全相信这种方法不能解释掉一些重要的考虑。首先,尽管埃勒曼在实证上很好地支持了公众(和政策制定者)仇外取向的前提,但对于支撑现状政策和公共话语的可怜的白人至上主义逻辑,他往往采取了明显的止痛药式处理。在所有这些移民政策案例中,“民族-种族的潜在含义”都可以从更明确的剖析中受益(埃勒曼在美国的案例中对这一点做得最好)。此外,虽然国际行为者和外交压力在个案研究中所起的作用相对较小,但假定所有原籍国都将移徙视为“安全阀”(第20,59 - 60页)似乎排除了原籍国和接受国之间可能有趣的动态变化。认识到不同派遣国内部和之间随着时间的推移存在的异质性,可以为比较政策分析开辟一条新的途径,特别是在考虑那些拥有强有力的侨民参与政策(包括激励公民回国)的国家时。事实上,也许埃勒曼的书作为一个主要贡献的最好标志是其潜在的延伸和扩展。这是一个全面的比较理论,可以(也应该)传播。事实上,埃勒曼在结论中将该框架扩展到其他移民政策(如庇护、融合)以及次国家和超国家层面的政策制定过程,这令人信服(如果简短的话)。然而,我发现自己在思考政策领域框架的更多可能应用;例如,政治隔离能否适用于气候政策,这是另一个国内压力和国际层面相互竞争的复杂政策问题?我们如何调整或扩展这一理论,超越全球北方,去思考全球南方的移民(或其他)政策,特别是在拥有大量移民和移民人口,但可能没有国家能力或经济影响力来适应所有国内和国际压力的民主国家?绝缘理论在更专制的环境下适应性如何?这本新书结合了强大而灵活的理论框架和细致的案例研究,既是前沿比较政策研究的典范,也是一种催化剂。作者:Elizabeth Iams Wellman©2022美国马萨诸塞州威廉斯敦威廉姆斯学院客座助理教授;南非约翰内斯堡威特沃特斯兰德大学博士后研究员biw1@williams.edu
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引用次数: 19
The Comparative Politics of Immigration: Policy Choices in Germany, Canada, Switzerland, and the United States 移民的比较政治:德国、加拿大、瑞士和美国的政策选择
Pub Date : 2022-08-22 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2022.2107903
E. Wellman
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引用次数: 6
Progress Towards Ending Sexual Harassment at Work? A Comparison of Sexual Harassment Policy in 192 Countries 消除职场性骚扰的进展?192个国家的性骚扰政策比较
Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2022.2100698
J. Heymann, Gonzalo Moreno, Amy Raub, Aleta Sprague
Abstract Eliminating sexual harassment at work has an important role to play in accelerating progress toward gender equality in the economy. This study examines how 192 countries’ laws address workplace sexual harassment and measures the pace of change in adopting new legislation over the past five years since the #MeToo movement, during which global momentum to address sexual harassment increased. The analysis finds that an additional 13 countries now prohibit sexual harassment. Yet in 22 per cent of high-income, 26 per cent of middle-income, and 34 per cent of low-income countries, sexual harassment in the workplace remains legal. Closing these policy gaps and establishing stronger accountability mechanisms around both prohibition and prevention must be a priority.
消除职场性骚扰对于加快经济领域性别平等的进程具有重要作用。本研究考察了192个国家的法律如何解决工作场所性骚扰问题,并衡量了自#MeToo运动以来的过去五年里,在通过新立法方面的变化速度。在#MeToo运动期间,全球解决性骚扰问题的势头有所增强。分析发现,现在又有13个国家禁止性骚扰。然而,在22%的高收入国家、26%的中等收入国家和34%的低收入国家,工作场所性骚扰仍然是合法的。缩小这些政策差距并围绕禁止和预防建立更强有力的问责机制必须成为优先事项。
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引用次数: 1
Trust in Government and COVID-19 Response Policy: A Comparative Approach 信任政府与COVID-19应对政策:比较方法
Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2022.2103672
Cristina M. Stanica, A. Crosby, Sarah E. Larson
Abstract As nations work to respond to COVID-19, trust in government is critical to achieving health outcomes. Studies argue that greater trust in government is associated with increased compliance with COVID-19 public health policies. This analysis investigated predictors of public trust during COVID-19 in 16 countries grouped in four regions. The data used (n = 47,000) are taken from the Worldwide COVID-19 Attitudes and Beliefs dataset. Five hypotheses test the effects of stringency, geographic location, age, gender, income, and education levels on public trust. Findings reveal that increased stringency measures and education levels are positively associated with trust.
随着各国努力应对COVID-19,对政府的信任对于实现卫生成果至关重要。研究表明,对政府的更大信任与更多地遵守COVID-19公共卫生政策有关。该分析调查了四个地区16个国家在2019冠状病毒病期间公众信任的预测因素。所使用的数据(n = 47,000)来自全球COVID-19态度和信念数据集。五个假设测试了严格程度、地理位置、年龄、性别、收入和教育水平对公众信任的影响。调查结果显示,增加的严格措施和教育水平与信任呈正相关。
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引用次数: 2
Classification, Evolution, and Construction: A Parallel Discourse Analysis of Agricultural Outsourcing Policy in China 分类、演变与建构:中国农业外包政策的平行话语分析
Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2022.2091928
Hongping Lian
Abstract Political decisions are increasingly based on local innovations. This article aims to reveal the role of argumentation in making a new idea stand out from the competition of a flood of policy ideas for national adoption. It traces the case of agricultural outsourcing in China and identifies the consecutive phases of classification, evolution, and construction. The finding is that a parallel argument structure was formed, which extends the traditional argument structure by constantly referring to an existing national policy, in this case land use rights transfer. The implication is that a more intentional use of argumentation is needed to impress policy-makers.
政治决策越来越多地基于地方创新。本文旨在揭示论证的作用,使一个新的想法从一大批政策思想的竞争中脱颖而出,以供国家采用。追溯了中国农业外包的发展历程,确定了农业外包的分类、演变和构建的连续阶段。研究发现,形成了一个平行的论证结构,它通过不断参考现有的国家政策来扩展传统的论证结构,在这个例子中是土地使用权转让。这意味着需要更有意地使用论证来打动政策制定者。
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引用次数: 1
Embracing Complexity in Policy Implementation Research: A Comparative Analysis of Water Policy Implementation in the Great Lakes and Rio-Grande/Bravo Regions 在政策实施研究中拥抱复杂性:大湖区和里奥格兰德/布拉沃地区水政策实施的比较分析
Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2022.2086044
C. Johns, Debora VanNijnatten
Abstract Scholars and practitioners must increasingly embrace complexity in policy implementation research and practice. This article presents findings from in-depth comparative qualitative analysis of two complex transboundary water policy cases, the North American Great Lakes and Rio Grande/Bravo Basin, to highlight the value of focusing on four sets of factors (contextual, institutional, engagement, and knowledge factors) to understand why complex policy regimes continue to face limited policy implementation success in achieving policy goals decades after initiating implementation efforts. The findings outline the value of focusing on critical sets of factors in comparative policy implementation research that embraces complexity.
学者和实践者必须越来越多地接受政策实施研究和实践的复杂性。本文介绍了对北美五大湖和格兰德河/布拉沃盆地这两个复杂的跨界水政策案例进行深入比较定性分析的结果,以强调关注四组因素(环境因素、制度因素、参与因素和知识因素)的价值,以理解为什么复杂的政策制度在启动实施工作几十年后仍在实现政策目标方面面临有限的政策实施成功。研究结果概述了在包含复杂性的比较政策实施研究中关注关键因素集的价值。
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引用次数: 1
Comparative Studies of Public Administration and Public Policy beyond the Nation State 超越民族国家的公共行政与公共政策比较研究
Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2021.1958658
Yves Steinebach, Christoph Knill
Abstract International organizations (IOs) and their bureaucracies are more and more recognized as important players in public policy-making and -implementation beyond the nation state. Despite substantial advancement made in the study of IOs and their bureaucracies, there are still some issues that have remained fairly understudied. We largely lack, for instance, scholarly contributions that cover multiple cases and that focus on aspects that go beyond the structural characteristics of IOs such as their delegated authority or mandate. The central objective of this Special Issue is to highlight and address this research gap. To do so, it brings together various scholarly contributions that compare multiple IOs and study aspects of international public administrations and public policy that have not been on the analytical radar so far.
国际组织及其官僚机构越来越被认为是超越民族国家的公共政策制定和实施的重要参与者。尽管对IOs及其官僚机构的研究取得了实质性进展,但仍有一些问题尚未得到充分研究。例如,我们在很大程度上缺乏涵盖多个案例的学术贡献,并且专注于超越IOs结构特征的方面,如授权或授权。本期特刊的中心目标是突出和解决这一研究差距。为此,它汇集了各种学术贡献,对多个国际组织进行了比较,并研究了迄今尚未进入分析雷达的国际公共行政和公共政策的各个方面。
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引用次数: 0
Social Policy in the Islamic World 伊斯兰世界的社会政策
Pub Date : 2022-03-22 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2022.2049971
Ferdinand Eibl
Published in Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice (Vol. 24, No. 6, 2022)
发表于《比较政策分析:研究与实践》(Vol. 24, No. 6, 2022)
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice
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