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Health Policy in Asia: A Policy Design Approach 亚洲卫生政策:政策设计方法
Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2022.2150547
A. He
Coda (“Lessons from COVID”) is clearly written and convincing. Overall, one can appreciate the effort it takes to compare a large set of countries with interviews, fieldwork, and observatory methods. The coverage of countries is impressive and clearly the researchers working for Emanuel made a significant contribution to this comparative effort (Mattei and Del Pino 2021). Having said this, the critique of quantitative ranking data and measurement is naïve, superficial, and broad-brush. One can identify two additional major flaws: first, the analysis lacks any methodological rigor; secondly, there are missing dimensions of comparison that seem important to readers; equity is not discussed, nor are digitalization and artificial intelligence (the US is still leading on these). It is not clear why the author has decided to exclude these key future challenges for comparative health-care systems, which are central to the scholarly debates (Marmor et al. 2009; Mattei 2016). Overall, the book offers an interesting text for readers who wish to learn some basic notions of OECD healthcare systems and compare them across different dimensions. The summarizing tables and concluding discussion deserve attention. However, this investigation does not do justice to the scholarly field of comparative health-care policy and the serious and rigorous analysis of lessons drawing from different countries.
结束语(“COVID的教训”)写得很清楚,令人信服。总的来说,通过访谈、实地考察和观察方法来比较一大批国家所付出的努力是值得赞赏的。国家的覆盖范围令人印象深刻,显然,为伊曼纽尔工作的研究人员为这一比较努力做出了重大贡献(Mattei和Del Pino 2021)。话虽如此,对定量排名数据和测量的批评是naïve、肤浅和笼统的。人们可以发现另外两个主要缺陷:首先,分析缺乏任何方法上的严谨性;其次,缺少对读者来说似乎很重要的比较维度;公平没有被讨论,数字化和人工智能也没有被讨论(美国在这些方面仍处于领先地位)。目前尚不清楚为什么作者决定排除比较医疗保健系统的这些关键未来挑战,这是学术辩论的核心(Marmor et al. 2009;加尼姆2016)。总的来说,这本书提供了一个有趣的文本为读者谁希望学习经合组织医疗保健系统的一些基本概念,并在不同的维度进行比较。总结表和结论性讨论值得注意。然而,这项调查没有公正地对待比较保健政策的学术领域以及对从不同国家吸取的经验教训进行认真而严谨的分析。
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引用次数: 3
National Varieties Still Matter: A Comparative Analysis of Consumer Credit Data Regimes in the United States, Sweden, Israel, and France 国家品种仍然重要:美国、瑞典、以色列和法国消费者信贷数据制度的比较分析
Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2022.2145886
Inbar Mizrahi-Borohovich
Abstract Before asking why countries vary, we should ask how they differ. Stressing variations in capitalism models, this article explores how regulatory regimes are related to underlying national institutions and politics. Using a stepwise comparative analysis of consumer credit data regimes in four countries, it underscores variation in two regulatory dimensions: the business restrictions between two clusters, the United States and Sweden vs. France and Israel; and the consumer empowerment within these clusters. The article concludes that grasping the regulatory state’s multidimensional character improves understanding of the regulatory process and underlines the continuity of national capitalist models in the era of regulatory capitalism.
在问国家为什么不同之前,我们应该先问一下它们有什么不同。强调资本主义模式的变化,本文探讨了监管制度如何与潜在的国家机构和政治相关。通过对四个国家消费者信贷数据制度的逐步比较分析,它强调了两个监管方面的差异:两个集群(美国和瑞典vs.法国和以色列)之间的业务限制;以及这些集群中的消费者赋权。本文的结论是,把握监管国家的多维特征有助于理解监管过程,并强调了监管资本主义时代国家资本主义模式的连续性。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing Minimum Wage Policies in East Asia: Political Competition and Labor Incorporation 东亚最低工资政策比较:政治竞争与劳工整合
Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2022.2135435
Mathew Y. H. Wong
Abstract This article attempts to explain the evolution of minimum wage levels in three East Asian economies: Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. A political-economic framework incorporating the levels of political competition and labor incorporation is suggested. With strong political competition and a lack of labor incorporation, South Korea exhibits the strongest minimum wage increase, followed by Taiwan with incorporated labor. Japan has the weakest minimum wage with uncompetitive politics and labor incorporation. The framework is supported by descriptive accounts of the three cases and supplemented by quantitative analysis. As a factor commonly viewed as less relevant for welfare development in the region, the impact of leftist governments is found to be conditional upon the level of political competition. This article contributes to the literature by providing a political-economic explanation of the minimum wage, as well as linking East Asia with the mainstream welfare state literature.
摘要本文试图解释东亚三个经济体(日本、韩国和台湾)最低工资水平的演变。提出了一种包含政治竞争和劳动结合两个层次的政治经济框架。韩国的最低工资上涨幅度最大,因为政治竞争激烈,而且没有劳动法人,其次是劳动法人的台湾。日本的最低工资最低,政治和劳工组织缺乏竞争力。该框架由三个案例的描述性描述支持,并辅以定量分析。作为一个通常被认为与该地区福利发展不太相关的因素,左派政府的影响被发现取决于政治竞争的程度。本文通过提供最低工资的政治经济解释,以及将东亚与主流福利国家文献联系起来,为文献做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 2
What Configuration Can Trigger Pro-Environmental Policy Agenda Setting in an Uncertain Social Context: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on the Multiple Streams Framework 在不确定的社会背景下,什么样的配置可以触发亲环境政策议程设置:基于多流框架的定性比较分析
Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2022.2130252
Jie Wang, Yating Wang, Weizhong Liu, Yunyu Fan, Yu Zhang
Abstract This study examines the configuration of conditions that trigger pro-environmental policy agenda setting (PAS) in an uncertain social context. It discusses the suitability and explanatory power of Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) in this context. It employs the MSF and implements a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis on 25 pro-environmental cases in China. The results indicate that the seven solutions that could be recombined into three successful driven patterns may trigger the establishment of China’s pro-environmental policy agenda. China’s pro-environmental PAS does not require the complete collection of conditions for all three streams.
摘要本研究探讨了在不确定的社会背景下触发亲环境政策议程设置(PAS)的条件配置。它讨论了在这种情况下Kingdon的多流框架(MSF)的适用性和解释力。本文采用MSF对中国25个环保案例进行模糊集定性比较分析。结果表明,这七种解决方案可以重组为三种成功的驱动模式,这可能会引发中国亲环境政策议程的建立。中国的亲环境PAS并不要求所有三条河流的条件全部收集。
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引用次数: 0
Policy Capacity Matters for Education System Reforms: A Comparative Study of Two Brazilian States 教育体制改革的政策能力问题:巴西两个州的比较研究
Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2022.2110472
Yifei Yan, Hironobu Sano, Lilia Asuca Sumiya
Abstract It is increasingly recognized that various competencies are needed for education systems in the developing world to succeed in fulfilling SDG4. However, reform efforts are often hampered by a lack of conceptual clarity regarding what these competencies are and how they matter. This article fills the gap by developing a comprehensive conception of policy capacity to explain the educational outcomes in two states in Brazil. The comparative case analysis reveals how variations in analytical, operational and political capacity are the differentiating factor behind their variegated reform effectiveness. While these findings put a cautionary note over the viability of copying policy interventions without considering their capacity underpinnings, they also show how a synergized combination of these three dimensions of capacity can lead to remarkable improvement of educational outcomes despite unfavorable socioeconomic conditions.
越来越多的人认识到,发展中国家的教育系统需要各种能力才能成功实现可持续发展目标4。然而,改革努力往往由于缺乏对这些能力是什么以及它们如何重要的明确概念而受到阻碍。本文通过发展一个全面的政策能力概念来解释巴西两个州的教育成果,填补了这一空白。比较案例分析揭示了分析能力、业务能力和政治能力的差异如何成为其不同改革成效背后的区别因素。虽然这些发现对不考虑其能力基础而照抄政策干预的可行性提出了警告,但它们也表明,在不利的社会经济条件下,这三个能力维度的协同组合如何能导致教育成果的显著改善。
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引用次数: 0
The Dynamics of Welfare State Regime Development in the Global South: Structures, Institutions, and Political Agency 全球南方福利国家制度发展的动态:结构、制度和政治机构
Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2021.2004541
E. Yörük, A. S. Gençer
Abstract Why do some developing countries develop generous welfare state regimes (WSR), while others do not? Which factors lead to varieties in welfare regimes in developing countries? We explain the development of different welfare state regimes (WSR) in the Global South based on the findings of WSR classification. We conduct inductive typological theory on the basis of the structure-institution-agency (SIA) framework and use positive and negative cases selected through a Most-Different-Systems-Design. Our analysis shows that a developing country that satisfies three necessary but insufficient conditions (1. having implemented a prolonged ISI period, 2. having experienced organized contentious politics of the poor, and 3. having developed adequate state capacity) is anticipated to have developed a Populist Welfare State Regime that is more generous and extensive than other welfare state regimes in the Global South. This article contributes to the long-standing debates of Southern WSRs by taking a nuanced and interactive approach that considers the interactions among structures, institutions, and political agency.
为什么一些发展中国家发展了慷慨的福利国家制度(WSR),而另一些国家没有?哪些因素导致了发展中国家福利制度的多样性?根据福利国家制度分类的结果,我们解释了全球南方不同福利国家制度的发展。我们在结构-制度-代理(SIA)框架的基础上进行归纳类型学理论,并使用通过最不同系统设计选择的积极和消极案例。我们的分析表明,一个发展中国家如果满足三个必要但不充分的条件(1)。实施了长时间的ISI期,2。经历过穷人有组织的有争议的政治;已经发展出足够的国家能力)有望发展出一种民粹主义福利国家制度,这种制度比全球南方的其他福利国家制度更加慷慨和广泛。本文通过考虑结构、制度和政治机构之间的相互作用,采用细致入微的互动方法,对南方wsr的长期争论做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing Pathways of Policy Internationalization: The Transfer of Brazilian Social Programs 政策国际化的路径比较:巴西社会项目的转移
Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2022.2041986
Osmany Porto de Oliveira
Abstract Comparative policy analysis is at the heart of research that attempts to understand how policies travel. Most of the literature on policy transfer had been developed using the empirical background of policies migrating within the Global North or from there to developing countries. Studying policies that migrate within the Global South is relevant from a theoretical perspective, insofar as it allows us to identify new dynamics, agents and mechanisms involved in policy transfers. This article analyzes two Brazilian policies that have been diffused around the globe: The Family Allowance Program and the Food Purchase Program. This research explores how these policies have been internationalized and what conditions have facilitated this process. To explain this movement, we combine the study of individuals, domestic and international organizations, political structures and change. We argue that individuals have been fundamental to internationalizing Brazilian policies. They have benefitted from both national and international structures and organizations that have facilitated the diffusion of policies that they have promoted abroad. This study relies on field work carried out in Brazil, Chile and Italy. We use a process-tracing strategy to reconstruct the pathways of diffusion.
比较政策分析是试图理解政策如何运行的研究的核心。大多数关于政策转移的文献都是利用全球北方内部或从那里向发展中国家迁移的政策的经验背景编写的。从理论角度来看,研究全球南方内部的移民政策是相关的,因为它使我们能够确定政策转移中涉及的新动态、代理人和机制。本文分析了巴西在全球范围内推行的两项政策:家庭补贴计划和食品购买计划。本研究探讨了这些政策是如何国际化的,以及哪些条件促进了这一进程。为了解释这一运动,我们将个人、国内和国际组织、政治结构和变革的研究结合起来。我们认为,个人是巴西政策国际化的基础。它们受益于国家和国际结构和组织,这些结构和组织促进了它们在国外推动的政策的传播。这项研究依赖于在巴西、智利和意大利进行的实地工作。我们使用过程跟踪策略来重建扩散路径。
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引用次数: 1
The Interactions among Structure, Institutions and Agents: How Entrepreneurs Shape Narratives 结构、制度和代理人之间的相互作用:企业家如何塑造叙事
Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2021.2013714
G. Barbato, M. Galanti
Abstract Agents, acting strategically as institutional entrepreneurs, utilise narratives that resonate with both the structure and institutions to promote change. The hypothesis in this article holds that if they intend to be successful, agents must behave strategically by taking into account the different policy domains and the dominant ideas therein. At the same time, the narratives of the institutional entrepreneur should take into careful consideration the various enabling conditions that may occur at multiple levels. The use of narratives are compared for two reforms – the “Jobs Act” and the “Buona Scuola – Good School” – formulated by the Italian government between 2014 and 2015.
代理人作为制度企业家战略性地行动,利用与结构和制度产生共鸣的叙事来促进变革。本文的假设认为,如果代理人想要成功,他们必须通过考虑不同的政策领域和其中的主导思想来采取战略行动。与此同时,机构企业家的叙述应该仔细考虑可能在多个层面上出现的各种有利条件。本文比较了意大利政府在2014年至2015年间制定的两项改革——“就业法案”和“好学校”——对叙事的使用。
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引用次数: 0
Constructing Europe’s Collaborative Economy: Actors, Institutions, and Structural Contingency in Comparative Policy Analysis 构建欧洲合作经济:比较政策分析中的行动者、制度和结构偶然性
Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2021.1963635
R. Cox
Abstract This study examines the emergence of European regulations to govern the collaborative economy, a new sector of the economy made possible by digital platforms. The concept gained common usage among stakeholders and European officials, but only partially due to the efforts of ideational entrepreneurs to promote the concept. Contingent factors that were structurally embedded in the policy process also had an impact. Most notably, actions taken by authorities in other European Union institutions who were disengaged from the discourse had a major impact on the way the collaborative economy was defined. This study shows how competing institutional logics and turnover in personnel make it difficult for policy entrepreneurs to control the framing of a policy discourse in an environment with multiple actors.
摘要本研究考察了欧洲监管协作经济法规的出现,协作经济是数字平台使之成为可能的新经济部门。这一概念在利益相关者和欧洲官员中得到了普遍使用,但只是部分归功于有创意的企业家为推广这一概念所做的努力。在结构上嵌在政策过程中的偶然因素也有影响。最值得注意的是,其他欧盟机构中脱离讨论的当局所采取的行动对协作经济的定义方式产生了重大影响。这项研究表明,竞争的制度逻辑和人员流动如何使政策企业家难以在有多个参与者的环境中控制政策话语的框架。
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引用次数: 0
Why Do Comparative Public Policy and Political Economy Scholars Need an Analytic Eclectic View of Structure, Institution and Agency? 为什么比较公共政策和政治经济学学者需要结构、制度和代理的分析折衷主义观点?
Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2021.1919515
Caner Bakir
Abstract This article illustrates an analytic eclectic value of structure, institution and agency (SIA) framework in comparative public policy. It engages and utilizes certain structural, institutional and agential perspectives from past literature to specify how elements of their causal properties coexist as part of a more complex argument. It argues that desired or preferred policy and/or institutional outcomes are most likely when multiple structural and institutional complementarities (from structures and institutions to agents) and multiple structural, institutional and agential enabling conditions accompany one another in motivating and empowering actors (from agents to structures and institutions) to engage in purposeful agential actions.
摘要本文阐述了结构、制度和代理(SIA)框架在比较公共政策中的分析折衷价值。它从过去的文献中吸收并利用了某些结构、制度和代理的观点,来说明它们的因果属性的元素是如何作为一个更复杂的论点的一部分共存的。它认为,当多种结构和制度的互补性(从结构和制度到主体)和多种结构、制度和主体的有利条件相互伴随,激励和授权行动者(从主体到结构和制度)从事有目的的代理行动时,期望或首选的政策和/或制度结果最有可能出现。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice
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