Journal of community psychology最新文献

Recently, it has been argued that youth-initiated mentoring (YIM) holds promise for justice-involved youth. In YIM, youths select an adult mentor from their social network. Successful implementation is key to the effectiveness of an innovation, but little is known about the factors contributing to the successful implementation of YIM. We explored boosters and barriers to implementation perceived by professionals implementing YIM into a juvenile diversion programme. We performed thematic analysis on one unstructured (N = 22) and three semi-structured focus groups (N = 7–8) guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Findings suggest that professionals perceived the benefits of YIM in this context. Nevertheless, the current organisational culture, grounded in Risk-Need-Responsivity principles, hindered the actual implementation in certain cases, possibly endangering the continuation of YIM in a juvenile diversion context. Boosters and barriers can be considered and adopted by organisations aiming to implement YIM in a selective prevention context.

Trial registration number: (ClinicalTrial.gov ID #NCT05555472).

Firearm violence is pervasive for Black early adolescents in disinvested urban communities. The current study used a subsample of a longitudinal school-based dataset (N = 479, ages 10–17, 100% Black), which included middle school students from three urban communities who completed surveys at two time points (Fall, Spring). Cross-lagged panel models were run to specify the directionality of relations between five firearm exposure items and four peer factors; multiple group models tested differences in paths by sex and by grade. Results indicated that community firearm violence exposure was associated with higher adolescent-reported peer delinquency and peer support for aggression; peer support for nonviolence with less exposure over time. Significant cross-lagged paths were identified for females and older adolescents, but less so for males and younger adolescents. Results may inform community-relevant firearm violence prevention, intervention efforts for middle-school adolescents living in disinvested communities with elevated community violence prevalence.

We investigated student-expected differences in teachers' interpersonal behavior toward fictitious classmates with different migration and socioeconomic backgrounds, with teacher beliefs as potential moderators. Sixty-eight teachers (M_age = 41.55, 70.6% female), and 1186 students in Grades 4–6 (M_age = 10.17, 47.8% girls) participated. A conjoint experiment systematically investigated the relative effects of classmates' migration background and socioeconomic characteristics (parental income, education, and the child's favorite hobby) on students' expectations of teachers' nice and angry behavior toward those classmates. Bayesian posterior distributions of Marginal Means were calculated for each child characteristic. Students expected teachers to behave more positively toward children with poor (vs. rich) parents, high-educated (vs. low-educated) parents, and with reading (vs. playing games) as favorite hobby. A child's migration background and teachers' beliefs about multiculturalism and meritocracy were not linked to student-expected interpersonal behaviors. According to students, teachers mainly differentiate in their interpersonal behavior based on the socioeconomic characteristics of children.

To understand UK Sikh community's perceptions of mental health shame, their attitudes towards mental health causes, treatments and help-seeking and the characteristics associated with these perceptions. An anonymous, online survey collected views from 1001 Sikh respondents on the causes and treatments for mental health (MH) difficulties and perceived barriers to help-seeking. The Attitudes to Mental Health Problems (ATMHP) questionnaire also measured respondents' perceptions of external, internal and reflected mental health-related shame. Respondents mostly endorsed biopsychosocial causes of MH difficulties and most viewed psychology/psychiatry/counselling, social and spiritual support as the main treatments. Shame, stigma and nonacceptance were seen as barriers to seeking help. Compared to previous UK surveys using the ATMHP, our Sikh respondents scored more strongly on most dimensions of MH shame compared to the general population or to students; they tended to score similarly or higher on MH shame compared to a previous ATMHP survey of UK South Asians. Internal shame was higher in single, younger people. Those inclined to help others perceived more negative MH attitudes within their community. Higher internal shame, higher perceived external family shame, and higher perceived negative community attitudes to MH were found in those who had had previous MH problems themselves. Within this generally young sample, perceptions of MH shame within communities/families were quite high, as was internalised shame. Such attitudes pose a significant barrier to MH help-seeking. These findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive MH services for the UK Sikh population.